{"https://codexery.com/crime-and-deviance/e/crime-and-deviance/lynching/": {"t": "Lynching", "s": "Extrajudicial mob killing used for punishment and intimidation."}, "https://codexery.com/u-s-states/e/u-s-states/georgia-u-s-state/": {"t": "Georgia (U.S. state)", "s": "Southern state, last of the Thirteen Colonies, civil rights hub.", "i": "https://codexery.com/u-s-states/img/u-s-states/georgia-u-s-state.webp", "c": "TylerKutschbach · CC BY-SA 4.0"}, "https://codexery.com/international-law-diplomacy/e/international-law-and-diplomacy/supreme-court-of-the-united-states/": {"t": "Supreme Court of the United States", "s": "Highest federal court with ultimate appellate and original jurisdiction.", "i": "https://codexery.com/international-law-diplomacy/img/international-law-and-diplomacy/supreme-court-of-the-united-states.webp", "c": "Original:  Optimager Vector:  Ipankonin · via Wikipedia: Supreme Court of the United States · Public domain"}, "https://codexery.com/abrahamic-religions/e/abrahamic-religions/reform-judaism/": {"t": "Reform Judaism", "s": "A Jewish denomination emphasizing continuous revelation and individual autonomy."}, "https://codexery.com/cultural-and-historical-regions/e/cultural-and-historical-regions/southern-united-states/": {"t": "Southern United States", "s": "The Southern United States: a diverse region defined by history, culture, and climate, from the Atlantic to the Gulf."}, "https://codexery.com/publishers-and-media-moguls/e/publishers-and-media-moguls/william-randolph-hearst/": {"t": "William Randolph Hearst", "s": "The newspaper magnate who shaped yellow journalism and inspired Citizen Kane."}, "https://codexery.com/legal-systems-concepts/e/legal-systems-and-concepts/acquittal/": {"t": "Acquittal", "s": "Acquittal frees the accused from a criminal charge."}, "https://codexery.com/jurists-and-legal-scholars/e/jurists-and-legal-scholars/oliver-wendell-holmes-jr/": {"t": "Oliver Wendell Holmes Jr.", "s": "U.S. Supreme Court justice known for civil liberties opinions and legal realism."}, "https://codexery.com/criminal-law-procedure/e/criminal-law-and-procedure/due-process/": {"t": "Due process", "s": "Legal principle requiring state to respect all legal rights owed to a person."}, "https://codexery.com/historical-figures/e/scientists/c-vann-woodward/": {"t": "C. Vann Woodward", "s": "Historian of the American South and race relations."}, "https://codexery.com/inventors/e/great-inventors/thomas-edison/": {"t": "Thomas Edison", "s": "The Wizard of Menlo Park who lit up the world", "i": "https://codexery.com/inventors/img/great-inventors/thomas-edison.webp", "c": "via Wikipedia: Thomas Edison · see source"}, "https://codexery.com/historical-figures/e/explorers/henry-ford/": {"t": "Henry Ford", "s": "Pioneer of affordable automobiles and Fordism", "i": "https://codexery.com/historical-figures/img/explorers/henry-ford.webp", "c": "Ford Motor Company. Photographic Department · via Wikipedia: Henry Ford · Public domain"}, "https://codexery.com/latin-american-cities/e/latin-american-cities/lima/": {"t": "Lima", "s": "Capital and largest city of Peru, political and cultural center."}, "https://codexery.com/surgery-trauma/e/surgery-and-trauma/caesarean-section/": {"t": "Caesarean section", "s": "Surgical delivery of babies through the mother's abdomen."}, "https://codexery.com/human-anatomy/e/human-anatomy/fetus/": {"t": "Fetus", "s": "Unborn offspring of viviparous animals, developing from embryo to birth."}, "https://codexery.com/reproduction-development/e/reproduction-and-development/uterus/": {"t": "Uterus", "s": "Organ for embryonic and fetal development in female mammals.", "i": "https://codexery.com/reproduction-development/img/reproduction-and-development/uterus.webp", "c": "DeuxPlusQuatre · CC0"}, "https://codexery.com/media-and-publishing/e/media-and-publishing/the-washington-post/": {"t": "The Washington Post", "s": "American daily newspaper and newspaper of record."}, "https://codexery.com/magazines/e/magazines/vanity-fair-magazine/": {"t": "Vanity Fair (magazine)", "s": "American monthly magazine of popular culture, fashion, and current affairs."}, "https://codexery.com/journalists-commentators/e/journalists-and-commentators/bob-woodward/": {"t": "Bob Woodward", "s": "Investigative journalist who helped expose the Watergate scandal.", "i": "https://codexery.com/journalists-commentators/img/journalists-and-commentators/bob-woodward.webp", "c": "via Wikipedia: Bob Woodward · see source"}, "https://codexery.com/journalists-commentators/e/journalists-and-commentators/carl-bernstein/": {"t": "Carl Bernstein", "s": "Investigative journalist who helped uncover the Watergate scandal.", "i": "https://codexery.com/journalists-commentators/img/journalists-and-commentators/carl-bernstein.webp", "c": "via Wikipedia: Carl Bernstein · see source"}, "https://codexery.com/rebellions-against-the-british-empire/e/rebellions-against-the-british-empire/american-revolutionary-war/": {"t": "American Revolutionary War", "s": "Armed conflict that secured American independence from British rule.", "i": "https://codexery.com/rebellions-against-the-british-empire/img/rebellions-against-the-british-empire/american-revolutionary-war.webp", "c": "EgorovaSvetlana · CC BY-SA 4.0"}, "https://codexery.com/countries-and-regions/e/countries-and-regions/new-york-state/": {"t": "New York (state)", "s": "The Empire State: A global node of creativity, entrepreneurship, and natural wonder."}, "https://codexery.com/political-systems-elections/e/political-systems-and-elections/democratic-party-united-states/": {"t": "Democratic Party (United States)", "s": "World's oldest active political party, center to center-left."}, "https://codexery.com/homeland/e/world/quantico-virginia/": {"t": "Quantico, Virginia", "s": "A tiny Potomac riverside town encircled by one of the largest Marine Corps bases in the country.", "i": "https://codexery.com/homeland/img/world/quantico-virginia.webp", "c": "via Wikipedia: Quantico, Virginia · see source"}, "https://codexery.com/u-s-states/e/u-s-states/texas/": {"t": "Texas", "s": "Second-largest U.S. state by area, but first in Fortune 500 headquarters and gross state product."}, "https://codexery.com/major-wars/e/major-wars/second-world-war/": {"t": "Second World War", "s": "Global conflict between Allies and Axis, deadliest in history."}, "https://codexery.com/supernatural/e/world/new-orleans-louisiana/": {"t": "New Orleans, Louisiana", "s": "The Crescent City on the Mississippi, where Creole culture, Voodoo and Mardi Gras grew up together.", "i": "https://codexery.com/supernatural/img/world/new-orleans-louisiana.webp", "c": "via Wikipedia: New Orleans · see source"}, "https://codexery.com/cities/e/coastal/los-angeles/": {"t": "Los Angeles", "s": "The City of Angels, a global hub of culture and commerce."}, "https://codexery.com/german-states/e/german-states/baden-w-rttemberg/": {"t": "Baden-Württemberg", "s": "A prosperous German state formed from Baden, Württemberg, and Hohenzollern."}, "https://codexery.com/cities/e/landmark-cities/moscow/": {"t": "Moscow", "s": "Capital of Russia, largest city in Europe, and a historic center of power and culture."}, "https://codexery.com/fifa-world-cup/e/honours/soviet-union/": {"t": "Soviet Union", "s": "The world's flagship communist state and a superpower spanning Eurasia."}, "https://codexery.com/cities-of-the-world/e/cities-of-the-world/almaty/": {"t": "Almaty", "s": "Largest city in Kazakhstan, former capital, and cultural hub."}, "https://codexery.com/international-and-comparative-law/e/international-and-comparative-law/nuremberg-trials/": {"t": "Nuremberg trials", "s": "International trials of Nazi leaders for aggression and atrocities.", "i": "https://codexery.com/international-and-comparative-law/img/international-and-comparative-law/nuremberg-trials.webp", "c": "Office of the Military Government, United States · Public domain"}, "https://codexery.com/cities/e/capitals/stockholm/": {"t": "Stockholm", "s": "The capital of Sweden, spanning fourteen islands where Lake Mälaren meets the Baltic Sea."}, "https://codexery.com/international-and-comparative-law/e/international-and-comparative-law/palestine-liberation-organization/": {"t": "Palestine Liberation Organization", "s": "Palestinian nationalist coalition and internationally recognized representative of the Palestinian people."}, "https://codexery.com/castrated-people/e/castrated-people/mohammad-najibullah/": {"t": "Mohammad Najibullah", "s": "Last Soviet-backed president of Afghanistan, assassinated by the Taliban."}, "https://codexery.com/cold-war-conflicts/e/cold-war-conflicts/soviet-afghan-war/": {"t": "Soviet–Afghan War", "s": "Decade-long conflict that contributed to the Soviet Union's dissolution."}, "https://codexery.com/political-leaders-revolutionaries/e/political-leaders-and-revolutionaries/erich-honecker/": {"t": "Erich Honecker", "s": "East German leader who oversaw the Berlin Wall.", "i": "https://codexery.com/political-leaders-revolutionaries/img/political-leaders-and-revolutionaries/erich-honecker.webp", "c": "Unknown. Originally uploaded to Wikimedia Commons by Raymond and cropped by Fer1997. Later cropped and reuploaded in present format by Emiya1980 · via Wikipedia: Erich Honecker · CC BY-SA 3.0 de"}, "https://codexery.com/crime-and-deviance/e/crime-and-deviance/treason/": {"t": "Treason", "s": "Crime of disloyalty to a state or sovereign."}, "https://codexery.com/mystery-and-thriller-writers/e/mystery-and-thriller-writers/john-le-carr/": {"t": "John le Carré", "s": "English author and former intelligence officer."}, "https://codexery.com/world-war-ii-topics/e/world-war-ii-topics/reichstag-fire/": {"t": "Reichstag fire", "s": "Arson that enabled Nazi suspension of civil liberties.", "i": "https://codexery.com/world-war-ii-topics/img/world-war-ii-topics/reichstag-fire.webp", "c": "Press photograph by an unidentified photographer, distributed through a news age · Public domain"}, "https://codexery.com/boxing-legends/e/boxing-legends/jack-dempsey/": {"t": "Jack Dempsey", "s": "The Manassa Mauler who changed boxing forever."}, "https://codexery.com/labor-employment/e/labor-and-employment/strike-action/": {"t": "Strike action", "s": "A form of direct action in which employees collectively refuse to work, usually in response to grievances."}, "https://codexery.com/criminal-law-procedure/e/criminal-law-and-procedure/ex-post-facto-law/": {"t": "Ex post facto law", "s": "A law that changes legal consequences retroactively."}, "https://codexery.com/early-modern-state-formation-and-dynasti/e/early-modern-state-formation-and-dynasties/german-empire/": {"t": "German Empire", "s": "German Empire from 1871 unification to 1918 revolution.", "i": "https://codexery.com/early-modern-state-formation-and-dynasti/img/early-modern-state-formation-and-dynasties/german-empire.webp", "c": "via Wikipedia: German Empire · see source"}, "https://codexery.com/revolutions-and-conflicts/e/revolutions-and-conflicts/world-war-i/": {"t": "World War I", "s": "The First World War, a global conflict from 1914 to 1918, was fought between the Allied and Central Powers."}, "https://codexery.com/narrative-techniques-genres/e/narrative-techniques-and-genres/femme-fatale/": {"t": "Femme fatale", "s": "A seductive archetype who ensnares lovers in deadly traps.", "i": "https://codexery.com/narrative-techniques-genres/img/narrative-techniques-and-genres/femme-fatale.webp", "c": "Rachael Purdy from Bridlington, UK · CC BY 2.0"}, "https://codexery.com/national-cultures-and-ethnic-groups/e/national-cultures-and-ethnic-groups/dutch-people/": {"t": "Dutch people", "s": "Ethnic group native to the Netherlands, with global diaspora."}, "https://codexery.com/exploration-colonization/e/exploration-and-colonization/dutch-east-indies/": {"t": "Dutch East Indies", "s": "Dutch colony that became modern Indonesia after war and negotiation.", "i": "https://codexery.com/exploration-colonization/img/exploration-and-colonization/dutch-east-indies.webp", "c": "Roger Veringmeier · CC BY-SA 4.0"}, "https://codexery.com/cities/e/coastal/amsterdam/": {"t": "Amsterdam", "s": "Venice of the North"}, "https://codexery.com/islands-and-archipelagos/e/islands-and-archipelagos/java/": {"t": "Java", "s": "World's most populous island, center of Indonesian history and culture."}, "https://codexery.com/cities-starting-with-m/e/cities-starting-with-m/medan/": {"t": "Medan", "s": "Capital of North Sumatra and a major Indonesian economic hub."}, "https://codexery.com/circus-performance-art/e/circus-and-performance-art/ruth-st-denis/": {"t": "Ruth St. Denis", "s": "American modern dance pioneer who introduced Eastern mysticism."}, "https://codexery.com/imperial-titles/e/imperial-titles/kaiser/": {"t": "Kaiser", "s": "Title of German and Austrian emperors, derived from Caesar.", "i": "https://codexery.com/imperial-titles/img/imperial-titles/kaiser.webp", "c": "Emilio de Gogorza · CC0"}, "https://codexery.com/english-counties/e/english-counties/cornwall/": {"t": "Cornwall", "s": "A Celtic nation and ceremonial county in South West England."}, "https://codexery.com/prefectures-of-japan/e/prefectures-of-japan/toyama-prefecture/": {"t": "Toyama Prefecture", "s": "Industrial hub on the Japan Sea coast with rare glaciers."}, "https://codexery.com/historical-figures/e/notable/hirohito/": {"t": "Hirohito", "s": "Emperor of Japan from 1926 to 1989, reigning through war and reconstruction."}, "https://codexery.com/ball-games/e/ball-games/nippon-professional-baseball/": {"t": "Nippon Professional Baseball", "s": "The highest level of baseball in Japan, where tradition meets competition.", "i": "https://codexery.com/ball-games/img/ball-games/nippon-professional-baseball.webp", "c": "via Wikipedia: Nippon Professional Baseball · see source"}, "https://codexery.com/world-war-ii-topics/e/world-war-ii-topics/surrender-of-japan/": {"t": "Surrender of Japan", "s": "Japan's surrender ended World War II in the Pacific.", "i": "https://codexery.com/world-war-ii-topics/img/world-war-ii-topics/surrender-of-japan.webp", "c": "Harry Beanham · Public domain"}, "https://codexery.com/world-war-ii-and-its-aftermath/e/world-war-ii-and-its-aftermath/supreme-commander-for-the-allied-powers/": {"t": "Supreme Commander for the Allied Powers", "s": "Led Allied occupation of Japan, reshaping its government and society."}, "https://codexery.com/communication-and-media/e/communication-and-media/television/": {"t": "Television", "s": "A telecommunication medium for transmitting moving images and sound."}, "https://codexery.com/power-generation/e/power-generation/nuclear-power/": {"t": "Nuclear power", "s": "Nuclear reactions produce electricity via fission, decay, or fusion."}, "https://codexery.com/cities/e/capitals/washington-d-c/": {"t": "Washington, D.C.", "s": "The federal capital city of the United States, anchored on the Potomac River."}, "https://codexery.com/crime-and-infamy/e/crime-and-infamy/salvatore-riina/": {"t": "Salvatore Riina", "s": "Sicilian Mafia boss known as 'the beast' and 'boss of bosses.'"}, "https://codexery.com/surgery-trauma/e/surgery-and-trauma/chemotherapy/": {"t": "Chemotherapy", "s": "Systemic cancer treatment using cytotoxic drugs to inhibit cell division."}, "https://codexery.com/symptoms-and-signs-of-mental-disorders/e/symptoms-and-signs-of-mental-disorders/coma/": {"t": "Coma", "s": "A prolonged state of deep unconsciousness with no wakefulness or awareness."}, "https://codexery.com/fashion-designers/e/fashion-designers/giorgio-armani/": {"t": "Giorgio Armani", "s": "Italian fashion designer who redefined modern elegance through minimalist tailoring."}, "https://codexery.com/designers-and-craftsmen/e/designers-and-craftsmen/gianni-versace/": {"t": "Gianni Versace", "s": "Italian fashion designer who founded the Versace luxury house."}, "https://codexery.com/jurists-and-legal-scholars/e/jurists-and-legal-scholars/giovanni-falcone/": {"t": "Giovanni Falcone", "s": "Judge and prosecuting magistrate known for anti-Mafia work"}, "https://codexery.com/jurists-and-legal-scholars/e/jurists-and-legal-scholars/paolo-borsellino/": {"t": "Paolo Borsellino", "s": "Italian magistrate who fought the Sicilian Mafia."}, "https://codexery.com/cities/e/cultural/florence/": {"t": "Florence", "s": "Birthplace of the Renaissance and capital of Tuscany."}, "https://codexery.com/cities/e/capitals/rome/": {"t": "Rome", "s": "The Eternal City, capital of Italy and cradle of Western civilization."}, "https://codexery.com/visual-arts-and-artworks/e/visual-arts-and-artworks/uffizi/": {"t": "Uffizi", "s": "One of the first modern museums, housing Medici art collections."}, "https://codexery.com/criminal-law-and-procedure/e/criminal-law-and-procedure/life-imprisonment/": {"t": "Life imprisonment", "s": "A sentence of imprisonment for the remainder of a convict's natural life."}, "https://codexery.com/the-beatles/e/places/liverpool/": {"t": "Liverpool", "s": "The gritty port city where the world's most famous band began their journey."}, "https://codexery.com/infamous-criminals-and-outlaws/e/infamous-criminals-and-outlaws/griselda-blanco/": {"t": "Griselda Blanco", "s": "Colombian drug lord central to the Miami cocaine trade."}, "https://codexery.com/cities-and-settlements/e/cities-and-settlements/guadalajara/": {"t": "Guadalajara", "s": "Capital of Jalisco, cultural and economic center of western Mexico."}, "https://codexery.com/latin-american-states-provinces/e/latin-american-states-provinces/zacatecas/": {"t": "Zacatecas", "s": "A Mexican state rich in silver and colonial history."}, "https://codexery.com/mexican-states/e/mexican-states/chihuahua-state/": {"t": "Chihuahua (state)", "s": "Largest Mexican state, known for Copper Canyon and Paquimé."}, "https://codexery.com/infamous-spies-assassins-and-criminals/e/infamous-spies-assassins-and-criminals/amado-carrillo-fuentes/": {"t": "Amado Carrillo Fuentes", "s": "Mexican drug lord who built a multibillion-dollar empire and died during plastic surgery.", "i": "https://codexery.com/infamous-spies-assassins-and-criminals/img/infamous-spies-assassins-and-criminals/amado-carrillo-fuentes.webp", "c": "Enrique Gómez Carrillo · Public domain"}, "https://codexery.com/u-s-states/e/u-s-states/new-york/": {"t": "New York", "s": "A name shared by a city, state, and many cultural entities."}, "https://codexery.com/historical-events-places/e/historical-events-and-places/september-11-attacks/": {"t": "September 11 attacks", "s": "Coordinated al-Qaeda suicide hijackings killed nearly 3,000 people."}, "https://codexery.com/architectural-landmarks/e/architectural-landmarks/world-trade-center-1973-2001/": {"t": "World Trade Center (1973–2001)", "s": "Icon of New York City, destroyed on 9/11", "i": "https://codexery.com/architectural-landmarks/img/architectural-landmarks/world-trade-center-1973-2001.webp", "c": "Eric Ascalon ******************** · CC BY-SA 3.0"}, "https://codexery.com/engineering-disciplines/e/engineering-disciplines/civil-engineering/": {"t": "Civil engineering", "s": "Professional discipline designing and maintaining the built environment."}, "https://codexery.com/islamic-concepts-and-practices/e/islamic-concepts-and-practices/hajj/": {"t": "Hajj", "s": "Annual Islamic pilgrimage to Mecca, a required religious duty."}, "https://codexery.com/revolutionary-leaders-and-activists/e/revolutionary-leaders-and-activists/osama-bin-laden/": {"t": "Osama bin Laden", "s": "Founder and first general emir of al-Qaeda"}, "https://codexery.com/governorates-of-egypt/e/governorates-of-egypt/kafr-el-sheikh-governorate/": {"t": "Kafr El Sheikh Governorate", "s": "Egyptian governorate known for long-staple cotton cultivation."}, "https://codexery.com/human-relationships-and-life-stages/e/human-relationships-and-life-stages/arranged-marriage/": {"t": "Arranged marriage", "s": "Marriage arranged by a third party, often with consent."}, "https://codexery.com/cities/e/cultural/cairo/": {"t": "Cairo", "s": "The city of a thousand minarets"}, "https://codexery.com/cities-and-settlements/e/cities-and-settlements/giza/": {"t": "Giza", "s": "Third-largest city in Egypt, home to the Giza Plateau and the Great Pyramids."}, "https://codexery.com/education-schools/e/education-and-schools/postgraduate-education/": {"t": "Postgraduate education", "s": "Postgraduate education comprises advanced degrees beyond the bachelor's level."}, "https://codexery.com/construction-and-engineering/e/construction-and-engineering/tower-block/": {"t": "Tower block", "s": "Tall residential or office buildings enabled by elevators and modern materials.", "i": "https://codexery.com/construction-and-engineering/img/construction-and-engineering/tower-block.webp", "c": "Tiia Monto · CC BY-SA 3.0"}, "https://codexery.com/cities-of-the-world/e/cities-of-the-world/aleppo/": {"t": "Aleppo", "s": "Ancient Syrian city, historic Silk Road hub, site of major conflict."}, "https://codexery.com/miscellaneous/e/miscellaneous/computer-aided-design/": {"t": "Computer-aided design", "s": "Computer-aided design automates creation and modification of designs."}, "https://codexery.com/socio-political-concepts/e/socio-political-concepts/nepotism/": {"t": "Nepotism", "s": "Favoring family in positions of power, from papal courts to Hollywood."}, "https://codexery.com/social-identity-prejudice/e/social-identity-and-prejudice/antisemitism/": {"t": "Antisemitism", "s": "Hostility or prejudice against Jews."}, "https://codexery.com/german-states/e/german-states/hamburg/": {"t": "Hamburg", "s": "Second-largest German city and major Hanseatic port."}, "https://codexery.com/cities/e/cultural/prague/": {"t": "Prague", "s": "City of a Hundred Spires"}, "https://codexery.com/injuries/e/injuries/gunshot-wound/": {"t": "Gunshot wound", "s": "A penetrating injury from a firearm projectile with variable severity."}, "https://codexery.com/fifa-world-cup/e/honours/france/": {"t": "France", "s": "A global centre of art, science, cuisine and philosophy."}, "https://codexery.com/criminal-law-and-procedure/e/criminal-law-and-procedure/mass-murder/": {"t": "Mass murder", "s": "Violent crime involving multiple killings in a single event."}, "https://codexery.com/islamic-concepts-and-practices/e/islamic-concepts-and-practices/ramadan/": {"t": "Ramadan", "s": "Islamic month of fasting, prayer, and spiritual reflection."}, "https://codexery.com/legal-systems-concepts/e/legal-systems-and-concepts/domestic-violence/": {"t": "Domestic violence", "s": "Violence occurring in a domestic setting, often underreported worldwide."}, "https://codexery.com/islamic-concepts-and-practices/e/islamic-concepts-and-practices/quran/": {"t": "Quran", "s": "Central religious text of Islam, believed to be divine revelation."}, "https://codexery.com/festivals-and-celebrations/e/festivals-and-celebrations/eid-al-fitr/": {"t": "Eid al-Fitr", "s": "First of Islam's two main festivals, ending Ramadan fasting."}, "https://codexery.com/islamic-traditions-and-concepts/e/islamic-traditions-and-concepts/mosque/": {"t": "Mosque", "s": "A place of worship and community for Muslims worldwide."}, "https://codexery.com/historical-figures/e/notable/mahatma-gandhi/": {"t": "Mahatma Gandhi", "s": "Leader of India's nonviolent independence movement"}, "https://codexery.com/countries-and-regions/e/countries-and-regions/maharashtra/": {"t": "Maharashtra", "s": "Land of the Deccan Plateau and India's financial heart", "i": "https://codexery.com/countries-and-regions/img/countries-and-regions/maharashtra.webp", "c": "Own work based on user:Chumwa · CC BY-SA 4.0"}, "https://codexery.com/cities/e/capitals/new-delhi/": {"t": "New Delhi", "s": "The capital city of India, seat of government, and a planned city within the National Capital Territory of Delhi."}, "https://codexery.com/miscellaneous-activists-dissidents/e/miscellaneous-activists-and-dissidents/vinayak-damodar-savarkar/": {"t": "Vinayak Damodar 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worldwide."}, "https://codexery.com/business-tycoons-and-industrialists/e/business-tycoons-and-industrialists/dhirubhai-ambani/": {"t": "Dhirubhai Ambani", "s": "Indian businessman who founded Reliance Industries in 1958."}, "https://codexery.com/mythological-legendary-figures/e/mythological-and-legendary-figures/robin-hood/": {"t": "Robin Hood", "s": "Legendary English outlaw and folk hero.", "i": "https://codexery.com/mythological-legendary-figures/img/mythological-and-legendary-figures/robin-hood.webp", "c": "via Wikipedia: Robin Hood · see source"}, "https://codexery.com/infamous-criminals-and-outlaws/e/infamous-criminals-and-outlaws/frank-abagnale/": {"t": "Frank Abagnale", "s": "Con man whose disputed claims became a film and musical.", "i": "https://codexery.com/infamous-criminals-and-outlaws/img/infamous-criminals-and-outlaws/frank-abagnale.webp", "c": "via Wikipedia: Frank Abagnale · see source"}, "https://codexery.com/criminals-and-outlaws/e/criminals-and-outlaws/victor-lustig/": {"t": "Victor Lustig", "s": "The man who sold the Eiffel Tower twice", "i": "https://codexery.com/criminals-and-outlaws/img/criminals-and-outlaws/victor-lustig.webp", "c": "The State Board of Health of Missouri · Public domain"}, "https://codexery.com/cities/e/ancient-cities/varanasi/": {"t": "Varanasi", "s": "The luminous city on the Ganges, ancient seat of learning and liberation."}, "https://codexery.com/historical-events-places/e/historical-events-and-places/the-holocaust/": {"t": "The Holocaust", "s": "The Holocaust, called the Shoah in Hebrew, refers to the systematic murder of European Jews carried out during World War II."}, "https://codexery.com/world-war-ii-campaigns-and-atrocities/e/world-war-ii-campaigns-and-atrocities/extermination-camp/": {"t": "Extermination camp", "s": "Nazi camps built for systematic mass murder by gassing.", "i": "https://codexery.com/world-war-ii-campaigns-and-atrocities/img/world-war-ii-campaigns-and-atrocities/extermination-camp.webp", "c": "Unknown author · Public domain"}, "https://codexery.com/former-empires/e/former-empires/austria-hungary/": {"t": "Austria-Hungary", "s": "A dual monarchy that shaped Central Europe for half a century."}, "https://codexery.com/fifa-world-cup/e/honours/italy/": {"t": "Italy", "s": "A cultural superpower with the eighth-largest economy and the most UNESCO sites."}, "https://codexery.com/ethnic-groups/e/ethnic-groups/slavs/": {"t": "Slavs", "s": "Slavs: A diverse group of peoples speaking Slavic languages, with a rich history spanning Eurasia."}, "https://codexery.com/historical-figures/e/notable/heinrich-himmler/": {"t": "Heinrich Himmler", "s": "Architect of the Holocaust and Reichsführer-SS"}, "https://codexery.com/german-empire/e/german-empire/german-reich/": {"t": "German Reich", "s": "The constitutional name for the German nation state from 1871 to 1945."}, "https://codexery.com/world-war-ii-and-its-aftermath/e/world-war-ii-and-its-aftermath/anschluss/": {"t": "Anschluss", "s": "Annexation of Austria into Nazi Germany on 12 March 1938.", "i": "https://codexery.com/world-war-ii-and-its-aftermath/img/world-war-ii-and-its-aftermath/anschluss.webp", "c": "Unknown author · CC0"}, "https://codexery.com/world-war-ii-campaigns-and-atrocities/e/world-war-ii-campaigns-and-atrocities/invasion-of-poland/": {"t": "Invasion of Poland", "s": "Joint invasion that started World War II.", "i": "https://codexery.com/world-war-ii-campaigns-and-atrocities/img/world-war-ii-campaigns-and-atrocities/invasion-of-poland.webp", "c": "The National Archives UK · No restrictions"}, "https://codexery.com/cities-starting-with-l/e/cities-starting-with-l/lublin/": {"t": "Lublin", "s": "Historic Polish city, site of the Union of Lublin."}, "https://codexery.com/world-war-ii-and-its-aftermath/e/world-war-ii-and-its-aftermath/aktion-t4/": {"t": "Aktion T4", "s": "Nazi involuntary euthanasia program targeting the disabled and mentally ill.", "i": "https://codexery.com/world-war-ii-and-its-aftermath/img/world-war-ii-and-its-aftermath/aktion-t4.webp", "c": "Qwertzu111111 · CC BY-SA 4.0"}, "/e/figures-of-infamy-and-espionage/reinhard-heydrich/": {"t": "Reinhard Heydrich", "s": "High-ranking Nazi official and principal architect of the Holocaust."}, "https://codexery.com/national-cultures-and-ethnic-groups/e/national-cultures-and-ethnic-groups/french-people/": {"t": "French people", "s": "A people defined by citizenship, language, and a shared willingness to live together."}, "https://codexery.com/ethnic-groups/e/ethnic-groups/portuguese-people/": {"t": "Portuguese people", "s": "Romance ethnic group indigenous to Portugal, key in global exploration."}, "https://codexery.com/engineering-disciplines/e/engineering-disciplines/military-engineering/": {"t": "Military engineering", "s": "Military engineering shapes the physical operating environment for armed forces."}, "https://codexery.com/cities-of-the-world/e/cities-of-the-world/ankara/": {"t": "Ankara", "s": "Capital of Turkey, ancient Galatian and Roman center."}, "https://codexery.com/magazines-newspapers/e/magazines-and-newspapers/pravda/": {"t": "Pravda", "s": "The official newspaper of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union"}, "https://codexery.com/magazines-newspapers/e/magazines-and-newspapers/izvestia/": {"t": "Izvestia", "s": "The News"}, "https://codexery.com/cities/e/capitals/mexico-city/": {"t": "Mexico City", "s": "La Ciudad de los Palacios"}, "https://codexery.com/mexican-cities/e/mexican-cities/tampico/": {"t": "Tampico", "s": "Mexican port city that led the early oil boom."}, "https://codexery.com/latin-american-presidents/e/latin-american-presidents/felipe-calder-n/": {"t": "Felipe Calderón", "s": "63rd president of Mexico who launched a war on drug cartels and oversaw major social and economic reforms.", "i": "https://codexery.com/latin-american-presidents/img/latin-american-presidents/felipe-calder-n.webp", "c": "Presidencia de la Nacion Argentina · CC BY-SA 2.0"}, "https://codexery.com/magazines-newspapers/e/magazines-and-newspapers/el-universal-mexico-city/": {"t": "El Universal (Mexico City)", "s": "El Universal: Mexico's historic newspaper since 1916.", "i": "https://codexery.com/magazines-newspapers/img/magazines-and-newspapers/el-universal-mexico-city.webp", "c": "LDAB · via Wikipedia: El Universal (Mexico City) · CC BY-SA 4.0"}, "https://codexery.com/latin-american-states-provinces/e/latin-american-states-provinces/san-luis-potos/": {"t": "San Luis Potosí", "s": "A Mexican state with a rich mining and revolutionary history."}, "https://codexery.com/latin-american-states-provinces/e/latin-american-states-provinces/nuevo-le-n/": {"t": "Nuevo León", "s": "The industrial heart of northeastern Mexico", "i": "https://codexery.com/latin-american-states-provinces/img/latin-american-states-provinces/nuevo-le-n.webp", "c": "Tefita228 · CC BY-SA 4.0"}, "https://codexery.com/latin-american-states-provinces/e/latin-american-states-provinces/quintana-roo/": {"t": "Quintana Roo", "s": "A smaller Mennonite settlement area in Mexico's southeast."}, "https://codexery.com/narrative-forms-and-devices/e/narrative-forms-and-devices/supporting-character/": {"t": "Supporting character", "s": "Supporting characters aid protagonists and advance the plot."}, "https://codexery.com/physiology-medicine/e/physiology-and-medicine/suicide/": {"t": "Suicide", "s": "The act of intentionally causing one's own death, with complex risk factors and prevention strategies."}, "https://codexery.com/historical-cultural-concepts/e/historical-and-cultural-concepts/slavery/": {"t": "Slavery", "s": "Slavery is the ownership of a person as property."}, "https://codexery.com/u-s-states/e/u-s-states/virginia/": {"t": "Virginia", "s": "First permanent English colony in the New World."}, "https://codexery.com/medical-conditions/e/medical-conditions/major-depressive-disorder/": {"t": "Major depressive disorder", "s": "A mood disorder causing pervasive low mood and loss of interest."}, "https://codexery.com/leaders-and-monarchs/e/leaders-and-monarchs/leopold-ii-of-belgium/": {"t": "Leopold II of Belgium", "s": "Second king of the Belgians and founder of the Congo Free State."}, "https://codexery.com/infectious-diseases/e/infectious-diseases/malaria/": {"t": "Malaria", "s": "Mosquito-borne parasitic disease causing fever, anemia, and death."}, "https://codexery.com/archery/e/archery/arrowhead/": {"t": "Arrowhead", "s": "The sharpened tip of an arrow, key to its function and history."}, "https://codexery.com/society-and-culture/e/society-and-culture/orphanage/": {"t": "Orphanage", "s": "Residential institutions for children unable to be cared for by biological families."}, "https://codexery.com/countries-and-regions/e/countries-and-regions/moldova/": {"t": "Moldova", "s": "Landlocked Eastern European parliamentary republic with a rich history and EU candidate status."}, "https://codexery.com/economic-concepts/e/economic-concepts/economics/": {"t": "Economics", "s": "Social science studying production, distribution, and consumption of goods and services.", "i": "https://codexery.com/economic-concepts/img/economic-concepts/economics.webp", "c": "Pk0001 · CC BY-SA 4.0"}, "https://codexery.com/crime-justice/e/crime-and-justice/law/": {"t": "Law", "s": "Rules enforced by institutions to regulate behavior."}, "https://codexery.com/universities/e/universities/leipzig-university/": {"t": "Leipzig University", "s": "One of the world's oldest universities, founded in 1409."}, "https://codexery.com/cities-on-rivers/e/cities-on-rivers/odesa/": {"t": "Odesa", "s": "Pearl by the Sea"}, "https://codexery.com/historical-figures/e/leaders/karl-d-nitz/": {"t": "Karl Dönitz", "s": "German naval commander who briefly led Nazi Germany after Hitler's suicide."}, "https://codexery.com/german-states/e/german-states/bavaria/": {"t": "Bavaria", "s": "Largest German state, with a history from Celts to kingdom."}, "https://codexery.com/cities/e/landmark-cities/san-francisco/": {"t": "San Francisco", "s": "The City by the Bay, a center of liberal activism and innovation."}, "https://codexery.com/revolutionary-leaders-and-activists/e/revolutionary-leaders-and-activists/tamara-bunke/": {"t": "Tamara Bunke", "s": "The sole female guerrilla in Che Guevara's Bolivian campaign, Tamara Bunke was a spy, translator, and revolutionary icon."}, "https://codexery.com/battle-rifles-and-carbines/e/battle-rifles-and-carbines/m1-carbine/": {"t": "M1 carbine", "s": "Lightweight semi-automatic carbine used by U.S. forces in three wars."}, "https://codexery.com/psychology/e/psychology/intelligence-quotient/": {"t": "Intelligence quotient", "s": "A standardized score estimating human intelligence."}, "https://codexery.com/news-media/e/news-media/associated-press/": {"t": "Associated Press", "s": "A not-for-profit news cooperative founded in 1846.", "i": "https://codexery.com/news-media/img/news-media/associated-press.webp", "c": "via Wikipedia: Associated Press · see source"}, "https://codexery.com/mass-poisonings/e/mass-poisonings/jonestown/": {"t": "Jonestown", "s": "A 1978 mass murder-suicide of 918 Peoples Temple members in Guyana."}, "https://codexery.com/historical-figures/e/notable/john-wayne/": {"t": "John Wayne", "s": "John Wayne: The iconic star of 179 film and television productions, from Stagecoach to True Grit."}, "https://codexery.com/protestant-reformers-pastors/e/protestant-reformers-and-pastors/jim-jones/": {"t": "Jim Jones", "s": "American cult leader who led over 900 to their deaths.", "i": "https://codexery.com/protestant-reformers-pastors/img/protestant-reformers-and-pastors/jim-jones.webp", "c": "via Wikipedia: Jim Jones · see source"}, "https://codexery.com/animated-space-adventure-television-seri/e/animated-space-adventure-television-series/tripping-the-rift/": {"t": "Tripping the Rift", "s": "Outlaws trip the Rift between two parodic superpowers."}, "https://codexery.com/frank-sinatra/e/places/madison-square-garden/": {"t": "Madison Square Garden", "s": "The New York arena where Sinatra sang 'That's Life' in 1974.", "i": "https://codexery.com/frank-sinatra/img/places/madison-square-garden.webp", "c": "Ajay Suresh from New York, NY, USA · via Wikipedia: Madison Square Garden · CC BY 2.0"}, "https://codexery.com/dog-breeds/e/dog-breeds/french-bulldog/": {"t": "French Bulldog", "s": "A flat-faced companion breed with a rich history and enduring popularity.", "i": "https://codexery.com/dog-breeds/img/dog-breeds/french-bulldog.webp", "c": "via Wikipedia: French Bulldog · see source"}, "https://codexery.com/notorious-criminals-outlaws/e/notorious-criminals-and-outlaws/carlo-gambino/": {"t": "Carlo Gambino", "s": "Sicilian crime boss who led the Gambino family and the Commission."}, "https://codexery.com/notorious-criminals-outlaws/e/notorious-criminals-and-outlaws/john-gotti/": {"t": "John Gotti", "s": "Gambino crime boss who ordered Castellano's murder and evaded conviction until 1992."}, "https://codexery.com/cities/e/landmark-cities/new-york-city/": {"t": "New York City", "s": "The most populous city in the United States, a global center of finance, culture, and diplomacy."}, "https://codexery.com/american-state-capitals/e/american-state-capitals/hartford-connecticut/": {"t": "Hartford, Connecticut", "s": "Hartford: The Insurance Capital of the World and America's Filing Cabinet", "i": "https://codexery.com/american-state-capitals/img/american-state-capitals/hartford-connecticut.webp", "c": "via Wikipedia: Hartford, Connecticut · see source"}, "https://codexery.com/film-history/e/film-history/the-godfather/": {"t": "The Godfather", "s": "An offer you can't refuse."}, "https://codexery.com/infamous-spies-assassins-and-criminals/e/infamous-spies-assassins-and-criminals/albert-anastasia/": {"t": "Albert Anastasia", "s": "The Lord High Executioner of the American Mafia", "i": "https://codexery.com/infamous-spies-assassins-and-criminals/img/infamous-spies-assassins-and-criminals/albert-anastasia.webp", "c": "Rijksmuseum · CC0"}, "https://codexery.com/legal-systems-concepts/e/legal-systems-and-concepts/appeal/": {"t": "Appeal", "s": "Legal process for reviewing decisions by a higher authority."}, "https://codexery.com/society-and-culture/e/society-and-culture/organized-crime/": {"t": "Organized crime", "s": "Centralized enterprises profiting from illegal activities and racketeering."}, "https://codexery.com/criminals-outlaws/e/criminals-and-outlaws/joseph-massino/": {"t": "Joseph Massino", "s": "Mafia boss who became the first New York don to cooperate."}, "https://codexery.com/legal-concepts-doctrines/e/legal-concepts-and-doctrines/extortion/": {"t": "Extortion", "s": "Obtaining benefit through coercion by threat of harm."}, "https://codexery.com/society-and-culture/e/society-and-culture/robbery/": {"t": "Robbery", "s": "Violent theft by force or fear, always a felony."}, "https://codexery.com/addictive-substances-medications/e/addictive-substances-and-medications/cocaine/": {"t": "Cocaine", "s": "CNS stimulant derived from coca leaves, with limited medical use."}, "https://codexery.com/teratogens/e/teratogens/alcohol-drug/": {"t": "Alcohol (drug)", "s": "A central nervous system depressant and known teratogen."}, "https://codexery.com/addictive-substances-medications/e/addictive-substances-and-medications/heroin/": {"t": "Heroin", "s": "Heroin, known chemically as diacetylmorphine or diamorphine, is an opioid derived from the dried latex of the opium poppy."}, "https://codexery.com/world-war-ii-topics/e/world-war-ii-topics/wannsee-conference/": {"t": "Wannsee Conference", "s": "Nazi meeting coordinating the genocide of European Jews."}, "https://codexery.com/world-war-ii-campaigns-and-atrocities/e/world-war-ii-campaigns-and-atrocities/final-solution/": {"t": "Final Solution", "s": "Nazi plan for the total extermination of European Jews.", "i": "https://codexery.com/world-war-ii-campaigns-and-atrocities/img/world-war-ii-campaigns-and-atrocities/final-solution.webp", "c": "Scott Nearing · Public domain"}, "https://codexery.com/world-war-ii-campaigns-and-atrocities/e/world-war-ii-campaigns-and-atrocities/german-occupied-europe/": {"t": "German-occupied Europe", "s": "Nazi Germany occupied most of Europe from 1938 to 1945.", "i": "https://codexery.com/world-war-ii-campaigns-and-atrocities/img/world-war-ii-campaigns-and-atrocities/german-occupied-europe.webp", "c": "Wolfmann · CC BY-SA 4.0"}, "https://codexery.com/branches-of-christianity/e/branches-of-christianity/catholic-church/": {"t": "Catholic Church", "s": "The largest Christian church, with 1.28 to 1.41 billion baptized members.", "i": "https://codexery.com/branches-of-christianity/img/branches-of-christianity/catholic-church.webp", "c": "via Wikipedia: Christianity by country · see source"}, "https://codexery.com/composers/e/great-composers/richard-wagner/": {"t": "Richard Wagner", "s": "German composer who revolutionized opera through his concept of the Gesamtkunstwerk.", "i": "https://codexery.com/composers/img/great-composers/richard-wagner.webp", "c": "via Wikipedia: Richard Wagner · see source"}, "https://codexery.com/classical-music/e/classical-music/tristan-und-isolde/": {"t": "Tristan und Isolde", "s": "A music drama of endless melody and transcendent love."}, "https://codexery.com/sports-and-games/e/sports-and-games/fencing/": {"t": "Fencing", "s": "A combat sport of sword fighting with three disciplines."}, "https://codexery.com/historical-figures/e/leaders/erich-raeder/": {"t": "Erich Raeder", "s": "German grand admiral and convicted war criminal"}, "https://codexery.com/european-regions/e/european-regions/moravia/": {"t": "Moravia", "s": "A historical land in the east of the Czech Republic, named after the Morava river."}, "https://codexery.com/universities-and-colleges/e/universities-and-colleges/humboldt-university-of-berlin/": {"t": "Humboldt University of Berlin", "s": "Public research university pioneering the Humboldtian model of higher education."}, "https://codexery.com/dynasties-and-kingdoms/e/dynasties-and-kingdoms/russian-empire/": {"t": "Russian Empire", "s": "Third-largest empire in history, spanning northern Eurasia."}, "https://codexery.com/historical-figures/e/scientists/karl-marx/": {"t": "Karl Marx", "s": "German philosopher and revolutionary socialist who developed Marxism."}, "https://codexery.com/historical-figures/e/scientists/friedrich-engels/": {"t": "Friedrich Engels", "s": "Revolutionary socialist and co-founder of Marxism"}, "https://codexery.com/revolutions-of-1917-1923/e/revolutions-of/german-revolution-of-1918-1919/": {"t": "German revolution of 1918–1919", "s": "Revolution that ended the German Empire and founded the Weimar Republic."}, "https://codexery.com/government-and-law/e/government-and-law/political-science/": {"t": "Political science", "s": "Empirical study of politics, governance, and power."}, "https://codexery.com/european-regions/e/european-regions/north-rhine-westphalia/": {"t": "North Rhine-Westphalia", "s": "The most populous state in Germany, home to the Rhine-Ruhr metropolitan area."}, "https://codexery.com/leaders-of-revolution-and-independence/e/leaders-of-revolution-and-independence/vladimir-lenin/": {"t": "Vladimir Lenin", "s": "First head of Soviet Russia and founder of Leninism.", "i": "https://codexery.com/leaders-of-revolution-and-independence/img/leaders-of-revolution-and-independence/vladimir-lenin.webp", "c": "via Wikipedia: Vladimir Lenin · see source"}, "https://codexery.com/european-prime-ministers-and-statesmen/e/european-prime-ministers-and-statesmen/nikolai-bukharin/": {"t": "Nikolai Bukharin", "s": "Russian revolutionary, Soviet politician, and Marxist theorist"}, "https://codexery.com/historical-figures/e/notable/chiang-kai-shek/": {"t": "Chiang Kai-shek", "s": "Chinese military commander, revolutionary, and statesman; President of the Republic of China from 1948 to 1975."}, "https://codexery.com/modern-conflicts/e/modern-conflicts/chinese-civil-war/": {"t": "Chinese Civil War", "s": "Civil war between KMT and CCP, ending in Communist victory."}, "https://codexery.com/cities/e/coastal/shanghai/": {"t": "Shanghai", "s": "China's most populous city and a global hub for finance and innovation."}, "https://codexery.com/countries-and-regions/e/countries-and-regions/manchuria/": {"t": "Manchuria", "s": "Historical region in Northeast Asia, homeland of the Manchus.", "i": "https://codexery.com/countries-and-regions/img/countries-and-regions/manchuria.webp", "c": "Wikimedia Commons · CC BY 4.0"}, "https://codexery.com/cities-on-rivers/e/cities-on-rivers/warsaw/": {"t": "Warsaw", "s": "Capital and largest city of Poland, on the Vistula River."}}