{"https://codexery.com/media-and-publishing/e/media-and-publishing/the-new-york-times/": {"t": "The New York Times", "s": "The Gray Lady, a U.S."}, "https://codexery.com/countries-and-territories/e/countries-and-territories/south-sudan/": {"t": "South Sudan", "s": "South Sudan, officially the Republic of South Sudan, is a landlocked nation in East Africa, bordered by Sudan, Ethiopia, Kenya, Uganda, the Democratic Republic ", "i": "https://codexery.com/countries-and-territories/img/countries-and-territories/south-sudan.webp", "c": "Achim1999 · via Wikipedia: South Sudan · Public domain"}, "https://codexery.com/news-media/e/news-media/associated-press/": {"t": "Associated Press", "s": "A not-for-profit news cooperative founded in 1846.", "i": "https://codexery.com/news-media/img/news-media/associated-press.webp", "c": "via Wikipedia: Associated Press · see source"}, "https://codexery.com/capital-cities-of-africa/e/capital-cities-of-africa/nairobi/": {"t": "Nairobi", "s": "Capital of Kenya, known as the Green City under the Sun."}, "https://codexery.com/modernist-prose-masters/e/modernist-prose-masters/susan-sontag/": {"t": "Susan Sontag", "s": "American writer and critic known for her essays on culture, photography, and illness.", "i": "https://codexery.com/modernist-prose-masters/img/modernist-prose-masters/susan-sontag.webp", "c": "via Wikipedia: Susan Sontag · see source"}, "https://codexery.com/medical-emergencies/e/medical-emergencies/carbon-monoxide-poisoning/": {"t": "Carbon monoxide poisoning", "s": "A common, often fatal poisoning from colorless, odorless carbon monoxide gas."}, "https://codexery.com/political-leaders-revolutionaries/e/political-leaders-and-revolutionaries/desmond-tutu/": {"t": "Desmond Tutu", "s": "South African Anglican bishop and anti-apartheid activist", "i": "https://codexery.com/political-leaders-revolutionaries/img/political-leaders-and-revolutionaries/desmond-tutu.webp", "c": "Benny Gool · via Wikipedia: Desmond Tutu · Public domain"}, "https://codexery.com/fifa-world-cup/e/culture/london/": {"t": "London", "s": "A global city on the Thames, London blends nearly 2,000 years of history with a vibrant, multicultural present."}, "https://codexery.com/art-movements/e/art-movements/cubism/": {"t": "Cubism", "s": "Avant-garde movement that revolutionized visual art through multiple perspectives."}, "https://codexery.com/wars-conflicts/e/wars-and-conflicts/spanish-civil-war/": {"t": "Spanish Civil War", "s": "The Spanish Civil War, which raged in Spain from 1936 to 1939, pitted the Republican faction against the Nationalist rebels."}, "https://codexery.com/iconic-paintings/e/iconic-paintings/guernica-picasso/": {"t": "Guernica (Picasso)", "s": "Picasso's anti-war painting responding to the 1937 bombing of Guernica."}, "https://codexery.com/historical-figures/e/notable/francisco-franco/": {"t": "Francisco Franco", "s": "Spanish military general and dictator who ruled Spain from 1939 to 1975."}, "https://codexery.com/regions-of-spain/e/regions-of-spain/basque-country-autonomous-community/": {"t": "Basque Country (autonomous community)", "s": "An autonomous community in northern Spain with historic nationality status."}, "https://codexery.com/poets-and-lyricists/e/poets-and-lyricists/paul-luard/": {"t": "Paul Éluard", "s": "French poet and key figure in Surrealism."}, "https://codexery.com/actors-filmmakers/e/actors-and-filmmakers/jean-renoir/": {"t": "Jean Renoir", "s": "French filmmaker known for humanist classics.", "i": "https://codexery.com/actors-filmmakers/img/actors-and-filmmakers/jean-renoir.webp", "c": "via Wikipedia: Jean Renoir · see source"}, "https://codexery.com/christian-saints-early-church-fathers/e/christian-saints-and-early-church-fathers/mary-mother-of-jesus/": {"t": "Mary, mother of Jesus", "s": "First-century Jewish woman, mother of Jesus, venerated in multiple faiths."}, "https://codexery.com/architectural-landmarks/e/architectural-landmarks/tate-modern/": {"t": "Tate Modern", "s": "The UK's national collection of international modern and contemporary art, housed in a converted power station on the banks of the Thames.", "i": "https://codexery.com/architectural-landmarks/img/architectural-landmarks/tate-modern.webp", "c": "Acabashi · via Wikipedia: Tate Modern · CC BY-SA 4.0"}, "https://codexery.com/languages-and-dialects/e/languages-and-dialects/spanish-language/": {"t": "Spanish language", "s": "A global Romance language originating in the Kingdom of Castile."}, "https://codexery.com/religious-traditions/e/religious-traditions/christianity/": {"t": "Christianity", "s": "World's largest religion, centered on Jesus Christ."}, "https://codexery.com/visual-arts-and-crafts/e/visual-arts-and-crafts/self-portrait/": {"t": "Self-portrait", "s": "Artists depict themselves from antiquity to the present."}, "https://codexery.com/human-relationships-and-life-stages/e/human-relationships-and-life-stages/bisexuality/": {"t": "Bisexuality", "s": "Sexual orientation encompassing attraction to more than one gender."}, "https://codexery.com/supernumerary-body-parts/e/supernumerary-body-parts/hermaphrodite/": {"t": "Hermaphrodite", "s": "An organism producing both male and female gametes."}, "https://codexery.com/visual-artists/e/visual-artists/hokusai/": {"t": "Hokusai", "s": "Japanese ukiyo-e master of the Edo period, creator of The Great Wave off Kanagawa."}, "https://codexery.com/world-heritage-sites-in-japan/e/world-heritage-sites-in-japan/mount-fuji/": {"t": "Mount Fuji", "s": "Japan's highest peak and a sacred cultural symbol."}, "https://codexery.com/visual-arts-and-artworks/e/visual-arts-and-artworks/the-great-wave-off-kanagawa/": {"t": "The Great Wave off Kanagawa", "s": "First in Thirty‑six Views of Mount Fuji"}, "https://codexery.com/mount-fuji/e/mount-fuji/fine-wind-clear-morning/": {"t": "Fine Wind, Clear Morning", "s": "A Hokusai woodblock print of Mount Fuji at dawn."}, "https://codexery.com/mount-fuji/e/mount-fuji/thunderstorm-beneath-the-summit/": {"t": "Thunderstorm Beneath the Summit", "s": "A woodcut from Hokusai’s Thirty‑six Views of Mount Fuji."}, "https://codexery.com/extraterrestrial-life-in-popular-culture/e/extraterrestrial-life-in-popular-culture/the-tale-of-the-bamboo-cutter/": {"t": "The Tale of the Bamboo Cutter", "s": "Oldest surviving Japanese monogatari, about a Moon princess."}, "https://codexery.com/chemical-substances-and-materials/e/chemical-substances-and-materials/prussian-blue/": {"t": "Prussian blue", "s": "First modern synthetic pigment, used in art, medicine, and uniforms."}, "https://codexery.com/visual-artists/e/visual-artists/hiroshige/": {"t": "Hiroshige", "s": "Last great master of ukiyo-e, famed for his poetic landscapes.", "i": "https://codexery.com/visual-artists/img/visual-artists/hiroshige.webp", "c": "Utagawa Hiroshige · Public domain"}, "https://codexery.com/painting-visual-arts/e/painting-and-visual-arts/impressionism/": {"t": "Impressionism", "s": "A 19th-century French art movement emphasizing light and ordinary subjects."}, "https://codexery.com/shipwrecks/e/famous-shipwrecks/costa-concordia/": {"t": "Costa Concordia", "s": "The ill-fated cruise ship that struck a rock off Isola del Giglio in 2012, leading to 32 deaths and the conviction of her captain.", "i": "https://codexery.com/shipwrecks/img/famous-shipwrecks/costa-concordia.webp", "c": "via Wikipedia: Costa Cruises · see source"}, "https://codexery.com/cities/e/capitals/washington-d-c/": {"t": "Washington, D.C.", "s": "The federal capital city of the United States, anchored on the Potomac River."}, "https://codexery.com/notable-mountains-and-peaks/e/notable-mountains-and-peaks/mount-everest/": {"t": "Mount Everest", "s": "Earth's highest mountain above sea level, on the China–Nepal border.", "i": "https://codexery.com/notable-mountains-and-peaks/img/notable-mountains-and-peaks/mount-everest.webp", "c": "via Wikipedia: 1996 Mount Everest disaster · see source"}, "https://codexery.com/visual-artists/e/visual-artists/henri-rousseau/": {"t": "Henri Rousseau", "s": "French post-Impressionist painter in the Naïve or Primitive manner.", "i": "https://codexery.com/visual-artists/img/visual-artists/henri-rousseau.webp", "c": "Henri-Julien-Félix Rousseau, French, 1844–1910 (1844–1910) – Artist/Maker (Frenc · Public domain"}, "https://codexery.com/visual-arts-and-artworks/e/visual-arts-and-artworks/taxidermy/": {"t": "Taxidermy", "s": "The art of preserving animal bodies for display or study."}, "https://codexery.com/visual-artists/e/visual-artists/henri-matisse/": {"t": "Henri Matisse", "s": "French visual artist known for colour and draughtsmanship, a leading Fauve and modern art figure.", "i": "https://codexery.com/visual-artists/img/visual-artists/henri-matisse.webp", "c": "Francesco Bini · CC BY-SA 4.0"}, "https://codexery.com/visual-artists/e/visual-artists/henri-de-toulouse-lautrec/": {"t": "Henri de Toulouse-Lautrec", "s": "French Post-Impressionist painter of Parisian nightlife and brothels.", "i": "https://codexery.com/visual-artists/img/visual-artists/henri-de-toulouse-lautrec.webp", "c": "Didier Descouens · Public domain"}, "https://codexery.com/historical-figures/e/notable/hieronymus-bosch/": {"t": "Hieronymus Bosch", "s": "Dutch painter from Brabant, known for fantastic religious imagery and nightmarish depictions of hell."}, "https://codexery.com/cities/e/capitals/lisbon/": {"t": "Lisbon", "s": "Capital of Portugal, second-oldest European capital, and a global city on the Tagus River."}, "https://codexery.com/historical-figures/e/religious/anthony-the-great/": {"t": "Anthony the Great", "s": "Father of All Monks and Desert Father"}, "https://codexery.com/brazilian-states/e/brazilian-states/s-o-paulo/": {"t": "São Paulo", "s": "One of Brazil's most successful clubs, never relegated, with three world titles.", "i": "https://codexery.com/brazilian-states/img/brazilian-states/s-o-paulo.webp", "c": "via Wikipedia: São Paulo FC · see source"}, "https://codexery.com/historical-figures/e/notable/athanasius-of-alexandria/": {"t": "Athanasius of Alexandria", "s": "Trinitarian theologian, patriarch of Alexandria, exiled five times."}, "https://codexery.com/other-european-regions/e/other-european-regions/flanders/": {"t": "Flanders", "s": "Dutch-speaking northern region of Belgium with rich medieval history.", "i": "https://codexery.com/other-european-regions/img/other-european-regions/flanders.webp", "c": "Tom Lemmens · via Wikipedia: Flanders · CC0"}, "https://codexery.com/christian-folklore/e/christian-folklore/golden-legend/": {"t": "Golden Legend", "s": "A medieval compendium of saintly legends and festival lore."}, "https://codexery.com/theological-and-philosophical-debates/e/theological-and-philosophical-debates/heresy/": {"t": "Heresy", "s": "A belief or theory strongly at variance with established religious doctrines, often met with censure."}, "https://codexery.com/mass-poisonings/e/mass-poisonings/ergotism/": {"t": "Ergotism", "s": "Ergotism is poisoning from ergot alkaloids causing gangrene and convulsions."}, "https://codexery.com/angelic-apparitions-in-the-bible/e/angelic-apparitions-in-the-bible/flight-into-egypt/": {"t": "Flight into Egypt", "s": "An angel warns Joseph to flee Herod with Jesus and Mary."}, "https://codexery.com/instruments/e/musical-instruments/the-harp/": {"t": "The Harp", "s": "A historic pub in Covent Garden, London.", "i": "https://codexery.com/instruments/img/musical-instruments/the-harp.webp", "c": "Unknown; photo released as public domain by the Metropolitan Museum of Art · CC0"}, "https://codexery.com/miracles-of-jesus/e/miracles-of-jesus/malchus/": {"t": "Malchus", "s": "Servant of Caiaphas whose ear was cut off by Peter."}, "https://codexery.com/cities/e/landmark-cities/new-york-city/": {"t": "New York City", "s": "The most populous city in the United States, a global center of finance, culture, and diplomacy."}, "https://codexery.com/magazines/e/magazines/life-magazine/": {"t": "Life (magazine)", "s": "To see life; to see the world; to eyewitness great events", "i": "https://codexery.com/magazines/img/magazines/life-magazine.webp", "c": "Life Magazine · Public domain"}, "https://codexery.com/cities/e/coastal/miami/": {"t": "Miami", "s": "Gateway to Latin America"}, "https://codexery.com/wars-conflicts/e/wars-and-conflicts/pacific-war/": {"t": "Pacific War", "s": "The largest theater of World War II, fought across the Pacific and Asia.", "i": "https://codexery.com/wars-conflicts/img/wars-and-conflicts/pacific-war.webp", "c": "Ensign Emment Regan · Public domain"}, "https://codexery.com/media-and-publishing/e/media-and-publishing/photojournalism/": {"t": "Photojournalism", "s": "Images that inform, connect, and document with journalistic integrity.", "i": "https://codexery.com/media-and-publishing/img/media-and-publishing/photojournalism.webp", "c": "Mostafameraji · CC BY-SA 4.0"}, "https://codexery.com/public-law/e/public-law/public-domain/": {"t": "Public domain", "s": "Creative works free from exclusive intellectual property rights.", "i": "https://codexery.com/public-law/img/public-law/public-domain.webp", "c": "Democratic Party · Public domain"}, "https://codexery.com/sports-and-games/e/sports-and-games/baseball/": {"t": "Baseball", "s": "A bat-and-ball sport with nine players per team."}, "https://codexery.com/society-and-culture/e/society-and-culture/sexual-assault/": {"t": "Sexual assault", "s": "Sexual assault is unwanted sexual contact or coercion without consent."}, "https://codexery.com/ethics-morality/e/ethics-and-morality/consent/": {"t": "Consent", "s": "Consent: voluntary agreement across law, medicine, research, and sexual ethics."}, "https://codexery.com/blade-runner/e/story/neo-noir/": {"t": "Neo-noir", "s": "A modern adaptation of classic film noir themes and style."}, "https://codexery.com/psychological-horror-games/e/psychological-horror-games/psychological-horror/": {"t": "Psychological horror", "s": "Horror that dwells in the mind's darkest corners."}, "https://codexery.com/geology-earth-science/e/geology-and-earth-science/marble/": {"t": "Marble", "s": "Metamorphic rock prized for sculpture and architecture."}, "https://codexery.com/languages/e/languages/italian-language/": {"t": "Italian language", "s": "A Romance language of the Indo-European family, standardised from literary Florentine Tuscan."}, "https://codexery.com/historical-figures/e/artists/antonio-canova/": {"t": "Antonio Canova", "s": "Italian Neoclassical sculptor, renowned for marble works and advisor on the Elgin Marbles.", "i": "https://codexery.com/historical-figures/img/artists/antonio-canova.webp", "c": "Antonio Canova · via Wikipedia: Antonio Canova · Public domain"}, "https://codexery.com/iranian-inventions/e/iranian-inventions/crucifixion/": {"t": "Crucifixion", "s": "Ancient method of execution used in Persia, Carthage, and Rome."}, "https://codexery.com/true-cross/e/true-cross/arma-christi/": {"t": "Arma Christi", "s": "Objects of Christ's Passion used as symbols of victory and suffering.", "i": "https://codexery.com/true-cross/img/true-cross/arma-christi.webp", "c": "via Wikipedia: Arma Christi · see source"}, "https://codexery.com/ancient-empires/e/ancient-empires/ancient-rome/": {"t": "Ancient Rome", "s": "Ancient Rome spanned from 753 BC to 476 AD."}, "https://codexery.com/rituals/e/rituals/anasyrma/": {"t": "Anasyrma", "s": "A ritual gesture of lifting the skirt for apotropaic or mocking effect."}, "https://codexery.com/aphrodite/e/aphrodite/venus-mythology/": {"t": "Venus (mythology)", "s": "Roman goddess of love, beauty, desire, and ancestral mother of Rome."}, "https://codexery.com/greek-myths/e/greek-myths/aphrodite/": {"t": "Aphrodite", "s": "Ancient Greek goddess of love, beauty, and desire."}, "https://codexery.com/historical-eras/e/historical-eras/hellenistic-period/": {"t": "Hellenistic period", "s": "Era of Greek cultural expansion after Alexander the Great's conquests."}, "https://codexery.com/ancient-greek-cuisine/e/ancient-greek-cuisine/deipnosophistae/": {"t": "Deipnosophistae", "s": "A Greek work preserving lost literature through banquet conversations."}, "https://codexery.com/pompeii/e/pompeii/national-archaeological-museum-naples/": {"t": "National Archaeological Museum, Naples", "s": "Italian museum housing Roman artifacts from Pompeii and Herculaneum."}, "https://codexery.com/cities/e/capitals/rome/": {"t": "Rome", "s": "The Eternal City, capital of Italy and cradle of Western civilization."}, "https://codexery.com/historical-figures/e/notable/clement-of-alexandria/": {"t": "Clement of Alexandria", "s": "Christian theologian and philosopher who taught at the Catechetical School of Alexandria, known for blending Hellenistic philosophy with Christian doctrine."}, "https://codexery.com/mythographers/e/mythographers/vincenzo-cartari/": {"t": "Vincenzo Cartari", "s": "Italian Renaissance mythographer who pioneered visual iconography of ancient gods."}, "https://codexery.com/olympic-equestrian-venues/e/olympic-equestrian-venues/palace-of-versailles/": {"t": "Palace of Versailles", "s": "Former royal residence and UNESCO World Heritage site near Paris."}, "https://codexery.com/modern-contemporary-artists/e/modern-and-contemporary-artists/jeff-koons/": {"t": "Jeff Koons", "s": "American artist known for popular culture sculptures and record auction prices.", "i": "https://codexery.com/modern-contemporary-artists/img/modern-and-contemporary-artists/jeff-koons.webp", "c": "via Wikipedia: Jeff Koons · see source"}, "https://codexery.com/cities/e/cultural/florence/": {"t": "Florence", "s": "Birthplace of the Renaissance and capital of Tuscany."}, "https://codexery.com/temple-of-artemis/e/temple-of-artemis/praxiteles/": {"t": "Praxiteles", "s": "Attic sculptor of the 4th century BC, first to carve the nude female form."}, "https://codexery.com/visual-arts-and-artworks/e/visual-arts-and-artworks/uffizi/": {"t": "Uffizi", "s": "One of the first modern museums, housing Medici art collections."}, "https://codexery.com/visual-artists/e/visual-artists/phidias/": {"t": "Phidias", "s": "Ancient Greek sculptor of the Statue of Zeus at Olympia."}, "https://codexery.com/mausoleum-at-halicarnassus/e/mausoleum-at-halicarnassus/scopas/": {"t": "Scopas", "s": "Ancient Greek sculptor and architect of the Mausoleum of Halicarnassus."}, "https://codexery.com/painting-visual-arts/e/painting-and-visual-arts/mannerism/": {"t": "Mannerism", "s": "A European style exaggerating High Renaissance ideals into artificial elegance."}, "https://codexery.com/historical-figures/e/leaders/sulla/": {"t": "Sulla", "s": "Roman general and dictator who marched on Rome and reformed the republic", "i": "https://codexery.com/historical-figures/img/leaders/sulla.webp", "c": "CNG · via Wikipedia: Sulla · CC BY-SA 2.5"}, "https://codexery.com/rites-of-passage/e/rites-of-passage/grand-tour/": {"t": "Grand Tour", "s": "An educational journey through Europe for young elite men."}, "https://codexery.com/authors-poets/e/authors-and-poets/lord-byron/": {"t": "Lord Byron", "s": "British Romantic poet and satirist, known for Don Juan and Childe Harold's Pilgrimage.", "i": "https://codexery.com/authors-poets/img/authors-and-poets/lord-byron.webp", "c": "Thomas Phillips · via Wikipedia: Lord Byron · Public domain"}, "https://codexery.com/historical-figures/e/notable/louis-xiv/": {"t": "Louis XIV", "s": "The Sun King who defined absolute monarchy and led France to European dominance."}, "https://codexery.com/historical-figures/e/artists/titian/": {"t": "Titian", "s": "Italian Renaissance painter, founder of the Venetian school, known for his masterful use of colour.", "i": "https://codexery.com/historical-figures/img/artists/titian.webp", "c": "Titian · via Wikipedia: Titian · Public domain"}, "https://codexery.com/renaissance-artists/e/renaissance-artists/giorgione/": {"t": "Giorgione", "s": "Venetian painter known for poetic, mysterious works."}, "https://codexery.com/relationships-and-human-sexuality/e/relationships-and-human-sexuality/masturbation/": {"t": "Masturbation", "s": "Autoerotic sexual stimulation for pleasure, often to orgasm."}, "https://codexery.com/cities/e/coastal/venice/": {"t": "Venice", "s": "The Floating City of Canals and History"}, "https://codexery.com/duchies-and-electorates-of-the-holy-roma/e/duchies-and-electorates-of-the-holy-roman-empire/duchy-of-urbino/": {"t": "Duchy of Urbino", "s": "The Duchy of Urbino was an independent state in early modern central Italy, covering what is now the northern half of the Marche region."}, "https://codexery.com/sexual-practices-identities/e/sexual-practices-and-identities/fingering-sexual-act/": {"t": "Fingering (sexual act)", "s": "Manual stimulation of the vulva or vagina using fingers."}, "https://codexery.com/authors-poets/e/authors-and-poets/mark-twain/": {"t": "Mark Twain", "s": "American writer, humorist, and essayist, author of Adventures of Huckleberry Finn."}, "https://codexery.com/historical-figures/e/notable/douard-manet/": {"t": "Édouard Manet", "s": "French modernist painter and pivotal figure in the transition from Realism to Impressionism.", "i": "https://codexery.com/historical-figures/img/notable/douard-manet.webp", "c": "Nadar / Adam Cuerden · via Wikipedia: Édouard Manet · Public domain"}, "https://codexery.com/visual-artists/e/visual-artists/jean-auguste-dominique-ingres/": {"t": "Jean-Auguste-Dominique Ingres", "s": "French Neoclassical painter whose portraits are recognized as his greatest legacy.", "i": "https://codexery.com/visual-artists/img/visual-artists/jean-auguste-dominique-ingres.webp", "c": "Petit, Pierre (Pierre Lanith Petit, dit) (Aups, 15–08–1831 - Paris, 16–02–1909), photographe · via Wikipedia: Jean-Auguste-Dominique Ingres · CC0"}, "https://codexery.com/inventors-of-everyday-objects/e/inventors-of-everyday-objects/henry-fox-talbot/": {"t": "Henry Fox Talbot", "s": "English pioneer of salted paper and calotype photography."}, "https://codexery.com/chemical-elements/e/chemical-elements/tin/": {"t": "Tin", "s": "A soft, silvery-white post-transition metal with the largest number of stable isotopes.", "i": "https://codexery.com/chemical-elements/img/chemical-elements/tin.webp", "c": "Farmers' Trading Company · CC BY 4.0"}, "https://codexery.com/old-masters/e/old-masters/el-greco/": {"t": "El Greco", "s": "Greek painter, sculptor and architect of the Spanish Renaissance, known for tortuously elongated figures and fantastic pigmentation."}, "https://codexery.com/paintings-of-angels/e/paintings-of-angels/view-and-plan-of-toledo/": {"t": "View and Plan of Toledo", "s": "El Greco's landscape combines a city view with a trompe l'oeil map."}, "https://codexery.com/art-movements-styles/e/art-movements-and-styles/art-of-europe/": {"t": "Art of Europe", "s": "European art spans prehistoric cave paintings to postmodern movements."}, "https://codexery.com/historical-figures/e/artists/vincent-van-gogh/": {"t": "Vincent van Gogh", "s": "The tortured genius who changed art forever.", "i": "https://codexery.com/historical-figures/img/artists/vincent-van-gogh.webp", "c": "Vincent van Gogh · via Wikipedia: Vincent van Gogh · Public domain"}, "https://codexery.com/visual-arts-and-artworks/e/visual-arts-and-artworks/the-starry-night/": {"t": "The Starry Night", "s": "In June 1889, Vincent van Gogh painted The Starry Night using oil on canvas."}, "https://codexery.com/visual-artists/e/visual-artists/j-m-w-turner/": {"t": "J. M. W. Turner", "s": "English Romantic painter who elevated landscape painting."}, "https://codexery.com/historical-figures/e/notable/claude-monet/": {"t": "Claude Monet", "s": "French painter and founder of Impressionism, precursor to modernism."}, "https://codexery.com/music-genres-styles/e/music-genres-and-styles/baroque/": {"t": "Baroque", "s": "A Western artistic style flourishing from the early 1600s to 1750s."}, "https://codexery.com/philosophers-and-logicians/e/philosophers-and-logicians/plotinus/": {"t": "Plotinus", "s": "Founder of Neoplatonism and philosopher of the One."}, "https://codexery.com/world-heritage-sites-in-spain/e/world-heritage-sites-in-spain/toledo-spain/": {"t": "Toledo, Spain", "s": "Historic city on the Tagus, former Visigothic capital and UNESCO site."}, "https://codexery.com/inventors/e/great-inventors/leonardo-da-vinci/": {"t": "Leonardo da Vinci", "s": "Italian polymath of the High Renaissance.", "i": "https://codexery.com/inventors/img/great-inventors/leonardo-da-vinci.webp", "c": "Attributed to Francesco Melzi · via Wikipedia: Leonardo da Vinci · Public domain"}, "https://codexery.com/historical-figures/e/notable/john-the-baptist/": {"t": "John the Baptist", "s": "First-century preacher and baptizer revered as a prophet in multiple faiths."}, "https://codexery.com/electromagnetism-and-waves/e/electromagnetism-and-waves/infrared/": {"t": "Infrared", "s": "Invisible electromagnetic radiation between visible light and microwaves."}, "https://codexery.com/christian-scriptures-and-epistles/e/christian-scriptures-and-epistles/gospel-of-matthew/": {"t": "Gospel of Matthew", "s": "First Gospel, presenting Jesus as Jewish Messiah fulfilling scripture."}, "https://codexery.com/christian-mythology/e/christian-mythology/massacre-of-the-innocents/": {"t": "Massacre of the Innocents", "s": "Biblical account of Herod's order to kill male infants near Bethlehem."}, "https://codexery.com/renaissance-artists/e/renaissance-artists/filippo-lippi/": {"t": "Filippo Lippi", "s": "Italian Renaissance painter and Carmelite priest."}, "https://codexery.com/historical-figures/e/notable/raphael/": {"t": "Raphael", "s": "High Renaissance painter and architect, known for clarity and harmony."}, "https://codexery.com/historical-figures/e/artists/michelangelo/": {"t": "Michelangelo", "s": "Italian High Renaissance sculptor, painter, architect, and poet.", "i": "https://codexery.com/historical-figures/img/artists/michelangelo.webp", "c": "Attributed to Daniele da Volterra · via Wikipedia: Michelangelo · Public domain"}, "https://codexery.com/historical-figures/e/artists/quentin-matsys/": {"t": "Quentin Matsys", "s": "Flemish painter who founded the Antwerp school, known for religious works and satirical portraits.", "i": "https://codexery.com/historical-figures/img/artists/quentin-matsys.webp", "c": "Johannes Wierix · via Wikipedia: Quentin Matsys · Public domain"}, "https://codexery.com/historical-figures/e/notable/vitruvius/": {"t": "Vitruvius", "s": "Roman architect and engineer, author of De architectura"}, "https://codexery.com/historical-figures/e/notable/leon-battista-alberti/": {"t": "Leon Battista Alberti", "s": "Renaissance polymath who shaped art, architecture, and cryptography.", "i": "https://codexery.com/historical-figures/img/notable/leon-battista-alberti.webp", "c": "Leon Battista Alberti · via Wikipedia: Leon Battista Alberti · CC0"}, "https://codexery.com/dynasties-and-kingdoms/e/dynasties-and-kingdoms/roman-republic/": {"t": "Roman Republic", "s": "Elective oligarchy that dominated the Mediterranean through near-constant war."}, "https://codexery.com/ancient-histories-and-epics/e/ancient-histories-and-epics/de-architectura/": {"t": "De architectura", "s": "Only surviving architectural treatise from antiquity, foundational for classical architecture."}, "https://codexery.com/classic-poetry-and-epics/e/classic-poetry-and-epics/de-rerum-natura/": {"t": "De rerum natura", "s": "First-century BCE Epicurean poem on atomism and nature."}, "https://codexery.com/historical-figures/e/scientists/luca-pacioli/": {"t": "Luca Pacioli", "s": "Father of accounting and bookkeeping, Franciscan friar, and collaborator with Leonardo da Vinci."}, "https://codexery.com/old-masters/e/old-masters/piero-della-francesca/": {"t": "Piero della Francesca", "s": "Italian painter, mathematician and geometer of the Early Renaissance."}, "https://codexery.com/sacred-geometry/e/sacred-geometry/vesica-piscis/": {"t": "Vesica piscis", "s": "A lens formed by two equal circles, rich in geometry and symbolism."}, "https://codexery.com/visual-arts-and-artworks/e/visual-arts-and-artworks/the-last-supper-leonardo/": {"t": "The Last Supper (Leonardo)", "s": "Leonardo da Vinci's mural of the Last Supper, painted in tempera on gesso, pitch, and mastic, housed in the refectory of Santa Maria delle Grazie in Milan."}, "https://codexery.com/historical-figures/e/notable/caspar-david-friedrich/": {"t": "Caspar David Friedrich", "s": "German Romantic landscape painter known for symbolic, contemplative depictions of nature."}, "https://codexery.com/german-states/e/german-states/hamburg/": {"t": "Hamburg", "s": "Second-largest German city and major Hanseatic port."}, "https://codexery.com/art-movements/e/art-movements/romanticism/": {"t": "Romanticism", "s": "Movement valuing emotion, imagination, and nature over Enlightenment rationalism."}, "https://codexery.com/german-states/e/german-states/saxony/": {"t": "Saxony", "s": "A German state with a long history as duchy, electorate, and kingdom."}, "https://codexery.com/historical-figures/e/artists/ren-magritte/": {"t": "René Magritte", "s": "Belgian surrealist who painted pipes that are not pipes.", "i": "https://codexery.com/historical-figures/img/artists/ren-magritte.webp", "c": "Unknown authorUnknown author · via Wikipedia: René Magritte · CC0"}, "https://codexery.com/wars-conflicts/e/wars-and-conflicts/napoleonic-wars/": {"t": "Napoleonic Wars", "s": "Global conflicts from 1803 to 1815, featuring coalitions against Napoleon and French domination of Europe.", "i": "https://codexery.com/wars-conflicts/img/wars-and-conflicts/napoleonic-wars.webp", "c": "Ruedi33a · CC BY-SA 4.0"}, "https://codexery.com/early-modern-state-formation-and-dynasti/e/early-modern-state-formation-and-dynasties/german-confederation/": {"t": "German Confederation", "s": "An association of 39 German states from 1815 to 1866, created by the Congress of Vienna.", "i": "https://codexery.com/early-modern-state-formation-and-dynasti/img/early-modern-state-formation-and-dynasties/german-confederation.webp", "c": "via Wikipedia: German Confederation · see source"}, "https://codexery.com/people-with-m-ni-re-s-disease/e/people-with-m-ni-re-s-disease/martin-luther/": {"t": "Martin Luther", "s": "German theologian who initiated the Protestant Reformation."}, "https://codexery.com/genesis-1/e/genesis-1/genesis-1/": {"t": "Genesis 1", "s": "Two-source composite creation narrative in the Book of Genesis."}, "https://codexery.com/christian-sacred-texts/e/christian-sacred-texts/book-of-genesis/": {"t": "Book of Genesis", "s": "First book of the Hebrew Bible, recounting creation and Israel's origins."}, "https://codexery.com/portraitists-and-storytellers/e/portraitists-and-storytellers/thomas-cole/": {"t": "Thomas Cole", "s": "Founder of the Hudson River School, painter of romantic landscapes and allegorical series."}, "https://codexery.com/communication-and-media/e/communication-and-media/social-media/": {"t": "Social media", "s": "Interactive platforms for creating, sharing, and networking content."}, "https://codexery.com/submachine-guns/e/submachine-guns/mp-18/": {"t": "MP 18", "s": "German submachine gun introduced in 1918 for trench warfare.", "i": "https://codexery.com/submachine-guns/img/submachine-guns/mp-18.webp", "c": "Konrad Krzyżanowski · Public domain"}, "https://codexery.com/world-war-ii-campaigns-and-atrocities/e/world-war-ii-campaigns-and-atrocities/extermination-camp/": {"t": "Extermination camp", "s": "Nazi camps built for systematic mass murder by gassing.", "i": "https://codexery.com/world-war-ii-campaigns-and-atrocities/img/world-war-ii-campaigns-and-atrocities/extermination-camp.webp", "c": "Unknown author · Public domain"}, "https://codexery.com/cities-on-rivers/e/cities-on-rivers/warsaw/": {"t": "Warsaw", "s": "Capital and largest city of Poland, on the Vistula River."}, "https://codexery.com/world-war-ii-campaigns-and-atrocities/e/world-war-ii-campaigns-and-atrocities/invasion-of-poland/": {"t": "Invasion of Poland", "s": "Joint invasion that started World War II.", "i": "https://codexery.com/world-war-ii-campaigns-and-atrocities/img/world-war-ii-campaigns-and-atrocities/invasion-of-poland.webp", "c": "The National Archives UK · No restrictions"}, "https://codexery.com/world-heritage-sites-in-poland/e/world-heritage-sites-in-poland/krak-w/": {"t": "Kraków", "s": "Historic royal capital and UNESCO World Heritage city in southern Poland."}, "https://codexery.com/historical-figures/e/notable/heinrich-himmler/": {"t": "Heinrich Himmler", "s": "Architect of the Holocaust and Reichsführer-SS"}, "https://codexery.com/international-and-comparative-law/e/international-and-comparative-law/nuremberg-trials/": {"t": "Nuremberg trials", "s": "International trials of Nazi leaders for aggression and atrocities.", "i": "https://codexery.com/international-and-comparative-law/img/international-and-comparative-law/nuremberg-trials.webp", "c": "Office of the Military Government, United States · Public domain"}, "https://codexery.com/star-of-david/e/star-of-david/yellow-badge/": {"t": "Yellow badge", "s": "A distinguishing mark imposed on Jews across centuries and regions."}, "https://codexery.com/media-and-publishing/e/media-and-publishing/time-magazine/": {"t": "Time (magazine)", "s": "A weekly news magazine that pioneered telling news through people."}, "https://codexery.com/jewish-folklore/e/jewish-folklore/like-sheep-to-the-slaughter/": {"t": "Like sheep to the slaughter", "s": "A simile for passive victimhood, contested in Holocaust memory.", "i": "https://codexery.com/jewish-folklore/img/jewish-folklore/like-sheep-to-the-slaughter.webp", "c": "Maurice S. Shahan Ward T. Huffman · Public domain"}, "https://codexery.com/cold-war-conflicts/e/cold-war-conflicts/second-intifada/": {"t": "Second Intifada", "s": "The Second Intifada, also called the Al-Aqsa Intifada, was a major Palestinian uprising against Israel and its occupation that began in 2000.", "i": "https://codexery.com/cold-war-conflicts/img/cold-war-conflicts/second-intifada.webp", "c": "via Wikipedia: Timeline of the Cold War · see source"}, "https://codexery.com/cultural-and-historical-regions/e/cultural-and-historical-regions/gaza-strip/": {"t": "Gaza Strip", "s": "A densely populated Palestinian territory under blockade and conflict.", "i": "https://codexery.com/cultural-and-historical-regions/img/cultural-and-historical-regions/gaza-strip.webp", "c": "TUBS · via Wikipedia: Gaza Strip · CC BY-SA 3.0"}}