{"/e/extinct-hominins/ardipithecus-ramidus/": {"t": "Ardipithecus ramidus", "s": "Early hominin with mixed bipedal and arboreal adaptations."}, "/e/extinct-hominins/ardipithecus/": {"t": "Ardipithecus", "s": "Extinct hominine genus from Ethiopia, debated as early human ancestor."}, "/e/extinct-hominins/australopithecus/": {"t": "Australopithecus", "s": "Extinct early hominins ancestral to humans and other genera."}, "https://codexery.com/cradle-of-humankind/e/cradle-of-humankind/little-foot/": {"t": "Little Foot", "s": "A nearly complete Australopithecus skeleton from Sterkfontein."}, "https://codexery.com/world-heritage-sites-in-ethiopia/e/world-heritage-sites-in-ethiopia/awash-river/": {"t": "Awash River", "s": "A major Ethiopian river, home to ancient hominin fossils and a vital, populous basin."}, "https://codexery.com/media-and-publishing/e/media-and-publishing/science-journal/": {"t": "Science (journal)", "s": "Peer-reviewed journal of the AAAS, covering all scientific disciplines."}, "https://codexery.com/human-evolution/e/human-evolution/human-evolution/": {"t": "Human evolution", "s": "Human evolution is a weblike process studied across multiple scientific disciplines."}, "https://codexery.com/human-evolution/e/human-evolution/lucy-hominid/": {"t": "Lucy (hominid)", "s": "Early hominin skeleton showing bipedalism preceded brain growth."}, "https://codexery.com/human-evolution/e/human-evolution/hominidae/": {"t": "Hominidae", "s": "Taxonomic family of great apes including humans, chimpanzees, gorillas, and orangutans."}, "/e/extinct-hominins/ardi/": {"t": "Ardi", "s": "4.4-million-year-old fossilized skeleton of an early human-like female anthropoid."}, "/e/extinct-hominins/ardipithecus-kadabba/": {"t": "Ardipithecus kadabba", "s": "Early hominid species, probable ancestor of Ardipithecus ramidus."}, "https://codexery.com/geology-and-landforms/e/geology-and-landforms/basalt/": {"t": "Basalt", "s": "Fine-grained volcanic rock covering most of Earth's surface.", "i": "https://codexery.com/geology-and-landforms/img/geology-and-landforms/basalt.webp", "c": "Tony Hisgett from Birmingham, UK · CC BY 2.0"}, "https://codexery.com/reproduction-development/e/reproduction-and-development/sexual-dimorphism/": {"t": "Sexual dimorphism", "s": "Condition where sexes differ in morphology beyond reproduction.", "i": "https://codexery.com/reproduction-development/img/reproduction-and-development/sexual-dimorphism.webp", "c": "Heidi Hopkins · CC BY 4.0"}, "https://codexery.com/languages-and-writing-systems/e/languages-and-writing-systems/origin-of-language/": {"t": "Origin of language", "s": "Study of language origins, long banned, revived by modern methods."}, "https://codexery.com/human-evolution/e/human-evolution/homo-erectus/": {"t": "Homo erectus", "s": "First human species to leave Africa and pioneer Acheulean tools."}, "/e/extinct-hominins/australopithecine/": {"t": "Australopithecine", "s": "Extinct close relatives of modern humans, ancestral to Homo."}, "https://codexery.com/human-evolution/e/human-evolution/orrorin/": {"t": "Orrorin", "s": "Extinct great ape genus with early bipedalism evidence."}, "/e/extinct-hominins/australopithecus-anamensis/": {"t": "Australopithecus anamensis", "s": "Oldest known Australopithecus species, lived 4.3–3.8 million years ago."}, "/e/extinct-hominins/australopithecus-africanus/": {"t": "Australopithecus africanus", "s": "Early hominin from South Africa; first evidence of human evolution in Africa."}, "/e/extinct-hominins/australopithecus-afarensis/": {"t": "Australopithecus afarensis", "s": "Early hominin known for Lucy and Laetoli footprints."}, "/e/extinct-hominins/australopithecus-bahrelghazali/": {"t": "Australopithecus bahrelghazali", "s": "Central African australopithecine known from few jawbones."}, "/e/extinct-hominins/australopithecus-deyiremeda/": {"t": "Australopithecus deyiremeda", "s": "A possible early hominin species known from fragmentary jaws."}, "/e/extinct-hominins/australopithecus-garhi/": {"t": "Australopithecus garhi", "s": "Early hominin possibly linked to the first stone tool industries."}, "https://codexery.com/ecology-and-behavior/e/ecology-and-behavior/omnivore/": {"t": "Omnivore", "s": "An animal that eats both plant and animal matter."}, "https://codexery.com/primates/e/primates/hominini/": {"t": "Hominini", "s": "Taxonomic tribe comprising humans, chimpanzees, and bonobos."}, "https://codexery.com/mammals/e/mammals/bonobo/": {"t": "Bonobo", "s": "The bonobo is the closest extant relative to humans, alongside the common chimpanzee."}, "https://codexery.com/musculoskeletal-system/e/musculoskeletal-system/tibia/": {"t": "Tibia", "s": "The larger, stronger shinbone connecting knee and ankle."}, "https://codexery.com/musculoskeletal-system/e/musculoskeletal-system/tarsus-skeleton/": {"t": "Tarsus (skeleton)", "s": "Cluster of seven bones forming the ankle and hindfoot."}, "https://codexery.com/human-evolution/e/human-evolution/paranthropus/": {"t": "Paranthropus", "s": "Extinct hominin genus with robust skulls and contested validity."}, "https://codexery.com/human-evolution/e/human-evolution/kenyanthropus/": {"t": "Kenyanthropus", "s": "A flat-faced hominin from the Middle Pliocene of Kenya."}, "https://codexery.com/mammals/e/mammals/homo/": {"t": "Homo", "s": "Genus of great apes including modern humans and extinct relatives."}, "https://codexery.com/human-evolution/e/human-evolution/graecopithecus/": {"t": "Graecopithecus", "s": "A poorly known Miocene hominid at the center of a debate on human origins."}, "https://codexery.com/human-evolution/e/human-evolution/paranthropus-robustus/": {"t": "Paranthropus robustus", "s": "Robust australopithecine from the Cradle of Humankind, South Africa."}, "https://codexery.com/cradle-of-humankind/e/cradle-of-humankind/taung-child/": {"t": "Taung Child", "s": "Fossilised skull of a young Australopithecus africanus from South Africa."}, "https://codexery.com/media-and-publishing/e/media-and-publishing/nature-journal/": {"t": "Nature (journal)", "s": "British weekly journal of peer-reviewed natural science research.", "i": "https://codexery.com/media-and-publishing/img/media-and-publishing/nature-journal.webp", "c": "ESO/M. Kornmesser (photo displayed on the magazine cover) · via Wikipedia: Nature (journal) · CC BY 4.0"}, "https://codexery.com/archaeologists-and-anthropologists/e/archaeologists-and-anthropologists/mary-leakey/": {"t": "Mary Leakey", "s": "British paleoanthropologist who discovered the Proconsul skull, Zinjanthropus, and Laetoli footprints."}, "https://codexery.com/human-evolution/e/human-evolution/homo-habilis/": {"t": "Homo habilis", "s": "Early archaic human associated with Oldowan stone tools."}, "https://codexery.com/mammals/e/mammals/hyena/": {"t": "Hyena", "s": "Feliform mammals vital to African ecosystems, with unique scavenging adaptations."}, "https://codexery.com/taxonomy-evolution/e/taxonomy-and-evolution/genus/": {"t": "Genus", "s": "A taxonomic rank above species and below family, used in biological classification."}, "https://codexery.com/transitional-fossils/e/transitional-fossils/transitional-fossil/": {"t": "Transitional fossil", "s": "Fossils showing traits of both ancestral and descendant groups."}, "https://codexery.com/physiology-medicine/e/physiology-and-medicine/tongue/": {"t": "Tongue", "s": "Muscular organ for taste, chewing, swallowing, and speech.", "i": "https://codexery.com/physiology-medicine/img/physiology-and-medicine/tongue.webp", "c": "Stephanie cheks · CC BY-SA 4.0"}, "https://codexery.com/human-evolution/e/human-evolution/denisovan/": {"t": "Denisovan", "s": "Archaic humans known mainly from DNA, spanning Asia."}, "https://codexery.com/human-evolution/e/human-evolution/homo-antecessor/": {"t": "Homo antecessor", "s": "Early Pleistocene pioneer with a surprisingly modern face."}, "https://codexery.com/cradle-of-humankind/e/cradle-of-humankind/sterkfontein/": {"t": "Sterkfontein", "s": "Limestone caves rich in early hominin fossils in South Africa."}, "https://codexery.com/world-heritage-sites-in-south-africa/e/world-heritage-sites-in-south-africa/makapansgat/": {"t": "Makapansgat", "s": "Key palaeontological site with Australopithecus remains and early human occupation."}, "https://codexery.com/botany-plant-biology/e/botany-and-plant-biology/rhizome/": {"t": "Rhizome", "s": "Modified subterranean stem storing nutrients and enabling vegetative reproduction."}, "https://codexery.com/birds/e/birds/bird-of-prey/": {"t": "Bird of prey", "s": "Hypercarnivorous birds that hunt vertebrates with talons and beaks."}, "https://codexery.com/manufacturing-and-materials/e/manufacturing-and-materials/quarry/": {"t": "Quarry", "s": "A site for excavating rock and earth materials."}, "https://codexery.com/human-evolution/e/human-evolution/homo-rhodesiensis/": {"t": "Homo rhodesiensis", "s": "A Middle Pleistocene hominin species now largely synonymized with Homo heidelbergensis."}, "https://codexery.com/countries-and-territories/e/countries-and-territories/kenya/": {"t": "Kenya", "s": "East African nation with ancient human origins and diverse landscapes."}, "https://codexery.com/lakes-of-the-world/e/lakes-of-the-world/lake-turkana/": {"t": "Lake Turkana", "s": "World's largest permanent desert lake and alkaline lake.", "i": "https://codexery.com/lakes-of-the-world/img/lakes-of-the-world/lake-turkana.webp", "c": "wfeiden · CC BY-SA 2.0"}, "https://codexery.com/universities-and-colleges/e/universities-and-colleges/harvard-university/": {"t": "Harvard University", "s": "Oldest institution of higher learning in the United States.", "i": "https://codexery.com/universities-and-colleges/img/universities-and-colleges/harvard-university.webp", "c": "Harvard University · via Wikipedia: Harvard University · Public domain"}, "https://codexery.com/sacred-languages/e/sacred-languages/classical-arabic/": {"t": "Classical Arabic", "s": "Conservative Semitic liturgical and literary register of Arabic.", "i": "https://codexery.com/sacred-languages/img/sacred-languages/classical-arabic.webp", "c": "via Wikipedia: Classical Arabic · see source"}, "https://codexery.com/geology-earth-surface/e/geology-and-earth-surface/sedimentary-rock/": {"t": "Sedimentary rock", "s": "Sedimentary rocks record Earth's history and provide vital resources."}, "https://codexery.com/human-evolution/e/human-evolution/paranthropus-boisei/": {"t": "Paranthropus boisei", "s": "Robust australopithecine from Early Pleistocene East Africa."}, "https://codexery.com/primates/e/primates/gelada/": {"t": "Gelada", "s": "Old World monkey endemic to the Ethiopian Highlands."}, "https://codexery.com/rivers-and-lakes/e/rivers-and-lakes/lake-chad/": {"t": "Lake Chad", "s": "Endorheic lake at the crossroads of four African nations.", "i": "https://codexery.com/rivers-and-lakes/img/rivers-and-lakes/lake-chad.webp", "c": "via Wikipedia: Lake Chad · see source"}, "https://codexery.com/mammals/e/mammals/antelope/": {"t": "Antelope", "s": "Swift and diverse bovids of the Old World", "i": "https://codexery.com/mammals/img/mammals/antelope.webp", "c": "Kingofthedead · CC BY-SA 4.0"}, "https://codexery.com/fish/e/fish/catfish/": {"t": "Catfish", "s": "Diverse ray-finned fish known for barbels and lack of scales.", "i": "https://codexery.com/fish/img/fish/catfish.webp", "c": "authors of the images used: \n\nHalbsHännile\nThomsonmg2000\nGuillermo Enrique Terán, Juliano Ferrer, Mauricio Benitez, Felipe Alonso, Gastón Aguilera, Juan Marcos  · via Wikipedia: Catfish · CC BY-SA 4.0"}, "https://codexery.com/rivers-of-the-world/e/rivers-of-the-world/nile/": {"t": "Nile", "s": "Longest river in the world, central to African history and civilization."}, "https://codexery.com/genetics/e/genetics/genetic-drift/": {"t": "Genetic drift", "s": "Random change in allele frequencies across generations."}, "https://codexery.com/musculoskeletal-system/e/musculoskeletal-system/radius-bone/": {"t": "Radius (bone)", "s": "One of the two large bones of the forearm."}}