[{"n": "Fibonacci", "u": "/e/explorers-and-pioneers/fibonacci/", "s": "Italian mathematician who popularized Hindu–Arabic numerals in Europe."}, {"n": "Georges Cuvier", "u": "/e/explorers-and-pioneers/georges-cuvier/", "s": "Founding father of paleontology who helped establish extinction as a scientific concept."}, {"n": "Hatshepsut", "u": "/e/explorers-and-pioneers/hatshepsut/", "s": "Second confirmed female pharaoh who ruled during a period of prosperity."}, {"n": "Ismail I", "u": "/e/explorers-and-pioneers/ismail-i/", "s": "Founder of Safavid Iran, crowned shah in 1501 while still a teenager."}, {"n": "John A. Macdonald", "u": "/e/explorers-and-pioneers/john-a-macdonald/", "s": "First prime minister of Canada and architect of Confederation."}, {"n": "Joseph II, Holy Roman Emperor", "u": "/e/explorers-and-pioneers/joseph-ii-holy-roman-emperor/", "s": "Enlightened absolutist whose reforms faced opposition and partial failure."}, {"n": "José de San Martín", "u": "/e/explorers-and-pioneers/jos-de-san-mart-n/", "s": "General who led South America's southern independence from Spain."}, {"n": "Kamehameha I", "u": "/e/explorers-and-pioneers/kamehameha-i/", "s": "Conqueror and first ruler of the Kingdom of Hawaii."}]