Henry Morton Stanley
Welsh-American explorer who found Livingstone and opened the Congo.
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Henry Morton Stanley was a Welsh-born explorer, journalist, and colonial administrator who became famous for finding David Livingstone in Africa.[1] His legacy remains controversial more than a century after his death.[2]
Life and work
He became a journalist for the New York Herald and reported on the British expedition to Abyssinia in 1868.[3] He died in London on 10 May 1904.[1][4] John Rowlands, later known as Henry Morton Stanley, was born on 28 January 1841 in Denbigh, Wales, to an unmarried mother who abandoned him as a very young baby.[5] In 1859, at age 18, he emigrated to the United States, where he became friends with a wealthy trader named Henry Hope Stanley and later took his name.[3]
On 10 November 1871, at Ujiji near Lake Tanganyika, Stanley found David Livingstone.[6]
What the cited sources add
The Dictionary of Welsh Biography records that Stanley's parents were not John Rowlands and Elizabeth Parry as a married couple, and suggests his father may have been solicitor James Vaughan Horne.[4] Tim Jeal's biography argues that Stanley invented the famous greeting "Dr. Livingstone, I presume?" after the meeting, as the phrase does not appear in his original journal.[7] Jeal states that Stanley's insecurity about his background led him to fabricate the line.[7]
References
- Wikipedia, "Henry Morton Stanley" (CC BY-SA 4.0), which cites: "Henry Stanley (1841–1904)", bbc.co.uk; "Sir Henry Morton Stanley", britannica.com (original not read by us) en.wikipedia.org
- Wikipedia, "Henry Morton Stanley" (CC BY-SA 4.0), which cites: Jeal, "Stanley: The Impossible Life of Africa's Greatest Explorer", Yale University Press, 2007; Jeal, "Stanley: The Impossible Life of Africa's Greatest Explorer", Yale University Press, 2007; Jeal, "Stanley: The Impossible Life of Africa's Greatest Explorer", Yale University Press, 2007 (we also read that source) en.wikipedia.org
- Wikipedia, "Henry Morton Stanley" (CC BY-SA 4.0), which cites: Severin, "The Making of an American Lion", American Heritage, February 1974 (we also read that source) en.wikipedia.org
- Davies, "Stanley, (Sir) Henry Morton (alias Rowlands, John) (1841–1904), explorer, administrator, and author", Dictionary of Welsh Biography, 1959. facts only, no text reused. wbo.llgc.org.uk
- Wikipedia, "Henry Morton Stanley" (CC BY-SA 4.0), which cites: Stanley 1909, p. 4; Davies, "Stanley, (Sir) Henry Morton (alias Rowlands, John) (1841–1904), explorer, administrator, and author", Dictionary of Welsh Biography, 1959 (we also read that source) en.wikipedia.org
- Wikipedia, "Henry Morton Stanley" (CC BY-SA 4.0), which cites: Thorpe, "The fibbing Mr Stanley, we presume", The Observer, 4 February 2007; Jeal, "Stanley: The Impossible Life of Africa's Greatest Explorer", Yale University Press, 2007 (we also read that source) en.wikipedia.org
- Thorpe, "The fibbing Mr Stanley, we presume", The Observer, 4 February 2007. facts only, no text reused. theguardian.com
Each numbered sentence above was checked against the source it cites before publication. Sentences citing Wikipedia adapt text from the English Wikipedia article Henry Morton Stanley (contributors), used under CC BY-SA 4.0; this entry is available under the same licence. Other sources were used for facts only; no text or images are copied from them.
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Sources
Compiled from Wikipedia and the sources listed below. Text from Wikipedia is available under CC BY-SA 4.0; this entry is adapted from it.
- Wikipedia: Henry Morton Stanley (CC BY-SA 4.0).
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