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navigation."}, "https://codexery.com/constellations/e/constellations/centaurus/": {"t": "Centaurus", "s": "A large southern constellation with the nearest star system to Earth."}, "https://codexery.com/named-stars/e/named-stars/sun/": {"t": "Sun", "s": "The Sun is the central star of the Solar System."}, "https://codexery.com/planets-and-dwarf-planets/e/planets-and-dwarf-planets/earth/": {"t": "Earth", "s": "The only known planet with liquid surface water and life."}, "https://codexery.com/planets-stellar-astronomy/e/planets-and-stellar-astronomy/star-system/": {"t": "Star system", "s": "Gravitationally bound groups of stars, from binaries to complex multiples."}, "https://codexery.com/stars-of-centaurus/e/stars-of-centaurus/alpha-centauri/": {"t": "Alpha Centauri", "s": "Nearest star system to the Sun, with three stars."}, "https://codexery.com/planets-stellar-astronomy/e/planets-and-stellar-astronomy/solar-system/": {"t": "Solar System", "s": "The Sun and all objects gravitationally bound to it.", "i": "https://codexery.com/planets-stellar-astronomy/img/planets-and-stellar-astronomy/solar-system.webp", "c": "via Wikipedia: Solar System · see source"}, "https://codexery.com/orbits-and-celestial-mechanics/e/orbits-and-celestial-mechanics/orbital-period/": {"t": "Orbital period", "s": "Time for one full orbit around a primary body."}, "https://codexery.com/stars-and-stellar-phenomena/e/stars-and-stellar-phenomena/flare-star/": {"t": "Flare star", "s": "A variable star that undergoes unpredictable dramatic increases in brightness, powered by magnetic energy."}, "https://codexery.com/electromagnetism/e/electromagnetism/electromagnetic-radiation/": {"t": "Electromagnetic radiation", "s": "Self-propagating wave of the electromagnetic field carrying energy."}, "https://codexery.com/planets-stellar-astronomy/e/planets-and-stellar-astronomy/parsec/": {"t": "Parsec", "s": "Unit of distance defined by one arcsecond of parallax.", "i": "https://codexery.com/planets-stellar-astronomy/img/planets-and-stellar-astronomy/parsec.webp", "c": "via Wikipedia: Parsec · see source"}, "https://codexery.com/orbits-and-celestial-mechanics/e/orbits-and-celestial-mechanics/orbital-eccentricity/": {"t": "Orbital eccentricity", "s": "Parameter measuring deviation of an orbit from a perfect circle."}, "https://codexery.com/orbits-and-celestial-mechanics/e/orbits-and-celestial-mechanics/orbital-inclination/": {"t": "Orbital inclination", "s": "Angle measuring tilt of an orbit relative to a reference plane."}, "https://codexery.com/planets-and-dwarf-planets/e/planets-and-dwarf-planets/neptune/": {"t": "Neptune", "s": "The only planet discovered through mathematical prediction, not direct observation."}, "https://codexery.com/astronomy-space/e/astronomy-and-space/mercury-planet/": {"t": "Mercury (planet)", "s": "Smallest planet and closest to the Sun."}, "https://codexery.com/planets-stellar-astronomy/e/planets-and-stellar-astronomy/stellar-evolution/": {"t": "Stellar evolution", "s": "Stars evolve from gas clouds to white dwarfs, neutron stars, or black holes."}, "https://codexery.com/planets-stellar-astronomy/e/planets-and-stellar-astronomy/stellar-classification/": {"t": "Stellar classification", "s": "System for classifying stars by spectral and luminosity characteristics."}, "https://codexery.com/planets-and-dwarf-planets/e/planets-and-dwarf-planets/jupiter/": {"t": "Jupiter", "s": "Largest planet in the Solar System, a gas giant with a Great Red Spot."}, "https://codexery.com/types-of-planet/e/types-of-planet/terrestrial-planet/": {"t": "Terrestrial planet", "s": "Rocky planets with solid surfaces, including Earth and similar worlds."}, "https://codexery.com/transiting-exoplanets/e/transiting-exoplanets/trappist-1d/": {"t": "TRAPPIST-1d", "s": "A small, rocky world on the inner edge of its star's habitable zone.", "i": "https://codexery.com/transiting-exoplanets/img/transiting-exoplanets/trappist-1d.webp", "c": "NASA/JPL-Caltech · Public domain"}, "https://codexery.com/transiting-exoplanets/e/transiting-exoplanets/trappist-1e/": {"t": "TRAPPIST-1e", "s": "A rocky, potentially habitable exoplanet in the TRAPPIST-1 system.", "i": "https://codexery.com/transiting-exoplanets/img/transiting-exoplanets/trappist-1e.webp", "c": "Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL) / NASA («Courtesy NASA/JPL-Caltech») · Public domain"}, "https://codexery.com/transiting-exoplanets/e/transiting-exoplanets/trappist-1g/": {"t": "TRAPPIST-1g", "s": "A rocky exoplanet in the habitable zone of an ultracool dwarf.", "i": "https://codexery.com/transiting-exoplanets/img/transiting-exoplanets/trappist-1g.webp", "c": "NASA/JPL-Caltech · Public domain"}, "https://codexery.com/transiting-exoplanets/e/transiting-exoplanets/trappist-1b/": {"t": "TRAPPIST-1b", "s": "Innermost terrestrial planet of the TRAPPIST-1 system.", "i": "https://codexery.com/transiting-exoplanets/img/transiting-exoplanets/trappist-1b.webp", "c": "Illustration: , , and G. Bacon (); Science: , , and J. de Wit (MIT) · Public domain"}, "https://codexery.com/stars-and-stellar-phenomena/e/stars-and-stellar-phenomena/light-curve/": {"t": "Light curve", "s": "Graph of celestial light intensity over time."}, "https://codexery.com/observatories-of-asia-africa-and-oceania/e/observatories-of-asia-africa-and-oceania/south-african-astronomical-observatory/": {"t": "South African Astronomical Observatory", "s": "South Africa's national centre for optical and infrared astronomy."}, "https://codexery.com/optical-telescopes/e/optical-telescopes/william-herschel-telescope/": {"t": "William Herschel Telescope", "s": "Third largest optical telescope at its 1987 completion."}, "https://codexery.com/binary-and-multiple-stars/e/binary-and-multiple-stars/astrometric-binary/": {"t": "Astrometric binary", "s": "Some stars appear to circle an invisible point."}, "https://codexery.com/stars-of-cygnus/e/stars-of-cygnus/kepler-452/": {"t": "Kepler-452", "s": "A Sun-like star hosting a potentially rocky super-Earth."}, "/e/exoplanets/super-earths/": {"t": "Super-Earths", "s": "Exoplanets more massive than Earth but lighter than ice giants."}, "/e/exoplanets/the-kepler-space-telescope/": {"t": "The Kepler space telescope", "s": "NASA telescope that discovered thousands of exoplanets."}, "https://codexery.com/constellations/e/constellations/cygnus/": {"t": "Cygnus", "s": "A northern constellation shaped like a swan."}, "https://codexery.com/atmosphere/e/atmosphere/runaway-greenhouse-effect/": {"t": "Runaway greenhouse effect", "s": "A positive feedback loop that can desiccate a planet."}, "https://codexery.com/space-telescopes/e/space-telescopes/space-telescope/": {"t": "Space telescope", "s": "Telescopes in space avoiding atmospheric interference for astronomical observation."}, "https://codexery.com/space-missions/e/space-missions/new-horizons/": {"t": "New Horizons", "s": "The first spacecraft to explore Pluto and the Kuiper belt.", "i": "https://codexery.com/space-missions/img/space-missions/new-horizons.webp", "c": "via Wikipedia: New Horizons · see source"}, "https://codexery.com/units-measurement/e/units-and-measurement/kelvin/": {"t": "Kelvin", "s": "British scientist who developed the absolute temperature scale."}, "https://codexery.com/planets-and-dwarf-planets/e/planets-and-dwarf-planets/venus/": {"t": "Venus", "s": "Earth's twin, hottest planet, shrouded in sulfuric acid clouds."}, "https://codexery.com/radio-telescopes/e/radio-telescopes/allen-telescope-array/": {"t": "Allen Telescope Array", "s": "A radio array for astronomy and SETI, pioneered by Paul Allen."}, "https://codexery.com/astronomers-and-astrophysicists/e/astronomers-and-astrophysicists/didier-queloz/": {"t": "Didier Queloz", "s": "Swiss astronomer who co-discovered the first exoplanet around a Sun-like star.", "i": "https://codexery.com/astronomers-and-astrophysicists/img/astronomers-and-astrophysicists/didier-queloz.webp", "c": "via Wikipedia: Didier Queloz · see source"}, "https://codexery.com/stars-of-pegasus/e/stars-of-pegasus/51-pegasi/": {"t": "51 Pegasi", "s": "First main-sequence star found to host an exoplanet."}, "/e/exoplanets/hot-jupiters/": {"t": "Hot Jupiters", "s": "Gas giants orbiting extremely close to their host stars.", "i": "https://codexery.com/exoplanets/img/exoplanets/hot-jupiters.webp", "c": "via Wikipedia: Hot Jupiter · see source"}, "https://codexery.com/constellations/e/constellations/pegasus/": {"t": "Pegasus", "s": "Constellation of the winged horse from Greek mythology."}, "https://codexery.com/astronomy-space/e/astronomy-and-space/main-sequence/": {"t": "Main sequence", "s": "Stars spend most of their lives on the main sequence."}, "https://codexery.com/atmosphere/e/atmosphere/atmosphere/": {"t": "Atmosphere", "s": "A layer of gases enveloping an astronomical object, retained by gravity."}, "https://codexery.com/roman-mythology/e/roman-mythology/roman-mythology/": {"t": "Roman mythology", "s": "Roman myths blend history, politics, and divine destiny.", "i": "https://codexery.com/roman-mythology/img/roman-mythology/roman-mythology.webp", "c": "Wikimedia Commons · Public domain"}, "https://codexery.com/greek-mythological-heroes/e/greek-mythological-heroes/bellerophon/": {"t": "Bellerophon", "s": "Corinthian hero who slew the Chimera and tamed Pegasus."}, "https://codexery.com/international-organizations-and-agreemen/e/international-organizations-and-agreements/international-astronomical-union/": {"t": "International Astronomical Union", "s": "Global authority for astronomical naming and cooperation."}, "https://codexery.com/media-and-publishing/e/media-and-publishing/nature-journal/": {"t": "Nature (journal)", "s": "British weekly journal of peer-reviewed natural science research.", "i": "https://codexery.com/media-and-publishing/img/media-and-publishing/nature-journal.webp", "c": "ESO/M. Kornmesser (photo displayed on the magazine cover) · via Wikipedia: Nature (journal) · CC BY 4.0"}, "https://codexery.com/observatories-of-europe/e/observatories-of-europe/haute-provence-observatory/": {"t": "Haute-Provence Observatory", "s": "French national observatory where the first exoplanet was discovered."}, "https://codexery.com/classical-mechanics/e/classical-mechanics/gravity/": {"t": "Gravity", "s": "Gravity is the fundamental attraction between objects with mass.", "i": "https://codexery.com/classical-mechanics/img/classical-mechanics/gravity.webp", "c": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/User:Nicoguaro · CC BY-SA 3.0"}, "https://codexery.com/astronomy-space/e/astronomy-and-space/nebular-hypothesis/": {"t": "Nebular hypothesis", "s": "Model explaining Solar System formation from gas and dust."}, "https://codexery.com/binary-and-multiple-stars/e/binary-and-multiple-stars/55-cancri/": {"t": "55 Cancri", "s": "Binary star system with five planets around its primary star."}, "https://codexery.com/stars-of-bo-tes/e/stars-of-bo-tes/tau-bo-tis/": {"t": "Tau Boötis", "s": "Binary star system with an exoplanet in Boötes."}, "/e/exoplanets/hd-189733-b/": {"t": "HD 189733 b", "s": "A hot Jupiter with molten glass rain and a deep blue hue, HD 189733 b is the closest transiting hot Jupiter to Earth."}, "https://codexery.com/exoplanets-found-by-radial-velocity/e/exoplanets-found-by-radial-velocity/hd-209458-b/": {"t": "HD 209458 b", "s": "First transiting exoplanet; milestone in atmospheric and direct detection studies."}, "https://codexery.com/types-of-planet/e/types-of-planet/gas-giant/": {"t": "Gas giant", "s": "Giant planets composed mainly of hydrogen and helium."}, "https://codexery.com/exoplanets-found-by-radial-velocity/e/exoplanets-found-by-radial-velocity/upsilon-andromedae-b/": {"t": "Upsilon Andromedae b", "s": "One of the first hot Jupiters discovered, orbiting every 4.6 days.", "i": "https://codexery.com/exoplanets-found-by-radial-velocity/img/exoplanets-found-by-radial-velocity/upsilon-andromedae-b.webp", "c": "NASA/JPL-Caltech · Public domain"}, "https://codexery.com/stars-of-vulpecula/e/stars-of-vulpecula/hd-189733/": {"t": "HD 189733", "s": "A binary star system with a transiting hot Jupiter exoplanet."}, "https://codexery.com/astronomy/e/astronomy/extraterrestrial-life/": {"t": "Extraterrestrial life", "s": "Hypothetical life originating from worlds beyond Earth."}, "https://codexery.com/maps-their-symbols/e/maps-and-their-symbols/heat-map/": {"t": "Heat map", "s": "A two-dimensional data visualization technique that represents magnitude as color, from 1873 shaded matrices to modern digital heat maps.", "i": "https://codexery.com/maps-their-symbols/img/maps-and-their-symbols/heat-map.webp", "c": "Source 1: Own work based on: Basemap.png , Source 2: Copernicus programme · CC BY-SA 4.0"}, "/e/exoplanets/wasp-12b/": {"t": "WASP-12b", "s": "A hot Jupiter being consumed by its star."}, "https://codexery.com/electromagnetism-and-waves/e/electromagnetism-and-waves/infrared/": {"t": "Infrared", "s": "Invisible electromagnetic radiation between visible light and microwaves."}, "https://codexery.com/electromagnetism/e/electromagnetism/electromagnetic-spectrum/": {"t": "Electromagnetic spectrum", "s": "The full range of electromagnetic radiation, from radio to gamma rays."}, "https://codexery.com/optics-and-photonics/e/optics-and-photonics/rayleigh-scattering/": {"t": "Rayleigh scattering", "s": "Rayleigh scattering explains why the sky is blue.", "i": "https://codexery.com/optics-and-photonics/img/optics-and-photonics/rayleigh-scattering.webp", "c": "Hibiscus Rosa Sinensis · CC BY 4.0"}, "https://codexery.com/atmosphere/e/atmosphere/exosphere/": {"t": "Exosphere", "s": "The tenuous, collision-less uppermost atmospheric layer merging with space."}, "/e/exoplanets/the-transit-method/": {"t": "The transit method", "s": "Detects exoplanets by measuring starlight dimming during transit."}, "https://codexery.com/meteorology/e/meteorology/greenhouse-effect/": {"t": "Greenhouse effect", "s": "The greenhouse effect is the trapping of heat by gases in a planet's atmosphere, raising its surface temperature."}, "https://codexery.com/transiting-exoplanets/e/transiting-exoplanets/kepler-11f/": {"t": "Kepler-11f", "s": "Least massive of six planets in the Kepler-11 system."}, "https://codexery.com/cosmic-mysteries/e/cosmic-mysteries/seti/": {"t": "SETI", "s": "Exploring, understanding, and explaining the origin and nature of life in the universe."}, "https://codexery.com/planets-and-dwarf-planets/e/planets-and-dwarf-planets/mars/": {"t": "Mars", "s": "The fourth planet from the Sun, a desert world with polar ice caps."}, "https://codexery.com/stars-of-libra/e/stars-of-libra/gliese-581/": {"t": "Gliese 581", "s": "A red dwarf with three confirmed planets and a debris disk."}, "https://codexery.com/thermodynamics-and-statistical-mechanics/e/thermodynamics-and-statistical-mechanics/temperature/": {"t": "Temperature", "s": "Temperature measures average particle kinetic energy and thermal energy distribution."}, "https://codexery.com/optical-telescopes/e/optical-telescopes/eso-3-6-m-telescope/": {"t": "ESO 3.6 m Telescope", "s": "Optical reflecting telescope at La Silla, Chile, since 1977."}, "https://codexery.com/stars-of-libra/e/stars-of-libra/gliese-581b/": {"t": "Gliese 581b", "s": "First discovered planet in the Gliese 581 system."}, "https://codexery.com/exoplanets-found-by-radial-velocity/e/exoplanets-found-by-radial-velocity/gliese-581c/": {"t": "Gliese 581c", "s": "A super-Earth in the Gliese 581 system, initially thought potentially habitable.", "i": "https://codexery.com/exoplanets-found-by-radial-velocity/img/exoplanets-found-by-radial-velocity/gliese-581c.webp", "c": "Aldaron , a.k.a. Aldaron · CC BY-SA 3.0"}, "https://codexery.com/stars-of-libra/e/stars-of-libra/gliese-581e/": {"t": "Gliese 581e", "s": "Least massive exoplanet known around a normal star in 2009."}, "https://codexery.com/cosmic-mysteries/e/cosmic-mysteries/the-drake-equation/": {"t": "The Drake equation", "s": "Probabilistic argument estimating communicative extraterrestrial civilizations in the Milky Way."}, "https://codexery.com/stars-of-leo/e/stars-of-leo/k2-18/": {"t": "K2-18", "s": "Red dwarf in Leo with two exoplanets, one in the habitable zone."}, "https://codexery.com/earth/e/earth/earth-radius/": {"t": "Earth radius", "s": "Distance from Earth's center to its surface, varying by location."}, "/e/exoplanets/the-james-webb-space-telescope/": {"t": "The James Webb Space Telescope", "s": "The largest space telescope, observing the infrared universe from beyond Earth's orbit."}, "https://codexery.com/planets-and-dwarf-planets/e/planets-and-dwarf-planets/uranus/": {"t": "Uranus", "s": "The seventh planet, a tilted ice giant with extreme seasons."}, "https://codexery.com/hypothetical-astronomical-objects/e/hypothetical-astronomical-objects/hycean-planet/": {"t": "Hycean planet", "s": "Hypothetical planets with hydrogen atmospheres and liquid water oceans."}, "https://codexery.com/climate/e/climate/dimethyl-sulfide/": {"t": "Dimethyl sulfide", "s": "A sulfur compound from marine algae that influences cloud formation."}, "https://codexery.com/constellations/e/constellations/leo/": {"t": "Leo (constellation)", "s": "Zodiac constellation representing the Nemean Lion slain by Heracles."}, "https://codexery.com/stellar-phenomena/e/stellar-phenomena/starspot/": {"t": "Starspot", "s": "Large, cool patches on stars, detected via brightness and magnetic methods."}, "https://codexery.com/separation-and-purification-techniques/e/separation-and-purification-techniques/spectroscopy/": {"t": "Spectroscopy", "s": "Spectroscopy measures and interprets electromagnetic spectra interacting with matter."}, "https://codexery.com/earth/e/earth/earth-mass/": {"t": "Earth mass", "s": "A standard astronomical unit equal to the mass of Earth."}, "https://codexery.com/exoplanets-found-by-radial-velocity/e/exoplanets-found-by-radial-velocity/gliese-876-d/": {"t": "Gliese 876 d", "s": "Innermost super-Earth in the Gliese 876 system, discovered via radial velocity."}, "https://codexery.com/planets-stellar-astronomy/e/planets-and-stellar-astronomy/planetary-system/": {"t": "Planetary system", "s": "A star's family of orbiting worlds and debris."}, "https://codexery.com/u-s-states/e/u-s-states/texas/": {"t": "Texas", "s": "Second-largest U.S. state by area, but first in Fortune 500 headquarters and gross state product."}, "https://codexery.com/exoplanets-found-by-radial-velocity/e/exoplanets-found-by-radial-velocity/55-cancri-ac/": {"t": "55 Cancri Ac", "s": "A Saturn-mass exoplanet in an eccentric 44.34-day orbit."}, "https://codexery.com/exoplanets-found-by-radial-velocity/e/exoplanets-found-by-radial-velocity/gliese-436-b/": {"t": "Gliese 436 b", "s": "First confirmed hot Neptune, with a comet-like evaporating atmosphere."}, "https://codexery.com/space-missions/e/space-missions/the-hubble-space-telescope/": {"t": "The Hubble Space Telescope", "s": "A versatile space telescope observing ultraviolet, visible, and near-infrared light."}, "https://codexery.com/inorganic-compounds-materials/e/inorganic-compounds-and-materials/hydrogen-cyanide/": {"t": "Hydrogen cyanide", "s": "A highly toxic, flammable liquid and key industrial precursor.", "i": "https://codexery.com/inorganic-compounds-materials/img/inorganic-compounds-and-materials/hydrogen-cyanide.webp", "c": "Apotashg · Public domain"}, "https://codexery.com/observatories-of-asia-africa-and-oceania/e/observatories-of-asia-africa-and-oceania/wide-angle-search-for-planets/": {"t": "Wide Angle Search for Planets", "s": "Robotic observatories searching for exoplanets via transit photometry."}, "https://codexery.com/classical-mechanics/e/classical-mechanics/density/": {"t": "Density", "s": "Mass per unit volume, an intensive property of matter."}, "https://codexery.com/classical-and-continuum-mechanics/e/classical-and-continuum-mechanics/tidal-force/": {"t": "Tidal force", "s": "Differential gravity stretches bodies and drives tides across the cosmos."}, "https://codexery.com/transiting-exoplanets/e/transiting-exoplanets/wasp-19b/": {"t": "WASP-19b", "s": "A bloated hot Jupiter with an 18.9-hour orbit and a 2240 K dayside.", "i": "https://codexery.com/transiting-exoplanets/img/transiting-exoplanets/wasp-19b.webp", "c": "TRAPPIST/M. Gillon/ESO · CC BY 4.0"}, "https://codexery.com/stars-of-dorado/e/stars-of-dorado/toi-700/": {"t": "TOI-700", "s": "Red dwarf hosting four exoplanets, including two in the habitable zone."}, "https://codexery.com/constellations/e/constellations/dorado/": {"t": "Dorado", "s": "Southern constellation containing most of the Large Magellanic Cloud."}, "https://codexery.com/stars-of-cygnus/e/stars-of-cygnus/kepler-186/": {"t": "Kepler-186", "s": "Red dwarf with the first Earth-sized planet in the habitable zone."}, "https://codexery.com/media-and-publishing/e/media-and-publishing/science-journal/": {"t": "Science (journal)", "s": "Peer-reviewed journal of the AAAS, covering all scientific disciplines."}, "/e/exoplanets/kepler-452b/": {"t": "Kepler-452b", "s": "A disputed super-Earth candidate in the habitable zone of a Sun-like star."}, "https://codexery.com/classical-mechanics/e/classical-mechanics/mass/": {"t": "Mass", "s": "Intrinsic property measuring inertia and gravitational attraction."}, "https://codexery.com/atmosphere/e/atmosphere/hydrodynamic-escape/": {"t": "Hydrodynamic escape", "s": "Lighter atoms drag heavier ones out of an atmosphere."}, "https://codexery.com/classical-mechanics/e/classical-mechanics/pressure/": {"t": "Pressure", "s": "Pressure is force per unit area, a scalar quantity."}, "https://codexery.com/astronomy-space/e/astronomy-and-space/magnitude-astronomy/": {"t": "Magnitude (astronomy)", "s": "Logarithmic scale measuring stellar brightness, with lower values for brighter objects."}, "https://codexery.com/constellations/e/constellations/virgo/": {"t": "Virgo", "s": "Largest zodiac constellation, rich in galaxies and exoplanets."}, "https://codexery.com/types-of-planet/e/types-of-planet/pulsar-planet/": {"t": "Pulsar planet", "s": "Planets orbiting pulsars, first exoplanets ever confirmed."}, "https://codexery.com/stars-of-virgo/e/stars-of-virgo/psr-b1257-12-a/": {"t": "PSR B1257+12 A", "s": "The innermost pulsar planet and least 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dwarf", "s": "A compact star supported by electron degeneracy pressure."}, "https://codexery.com/astronomy-space/e/astronomy-and-space/luminosity/": {"t": "Luminosity", "s": "Absolute measure of radiated electromagnetic energy per unit time."}, "https://codexery.com/chemistry-fundamentals/e/chemistry-fundamentals/chemical-element/": {"t": "Chemical element", "s": "Fundamental species of atom defined by proton count."}, "https://codexery.com/stars-of-lyra/e/stars-of-lyra/vega/": {"t": "Vega", "s": "Bright northern star, former pole star, surrounded by a dust disk."}, "https://codexery.com/stars-of-pegasus/e/stars-of-pegasus/beta-pegasi/": {"t": "Beta Pegasi", "s": "Red giant star at the upper right of the Great Square."}, "https://codexery.com/stars-of-pegasus/e/stars-of-pegasus/alpha-pegasi/": {"t": "Alpha Pegasi", "s": "A subgiant star in the Great Square of Pegasus."}, "https://codexery.com/stars-and-stellar-phenomena/e/stars-and-stellar-phenomena/effective-temperature/": {"t": "Effective temperature", "s": "Black-body temperature matching a star or planet's radiated energy."}, "https://codexery.com/astronomy/e/astronomy/hertzsprung-russell-diagram/": {"t": "Hertzsprung–Russell diagram", "s": "Scatter plot linking stellar luminosity and temperature."}, "https://codexery.com/islands-and-archipelagos/e/islands-and-archipelagos/hawaii/": {"t": "Hawaii", "s": "Island state with a tropical climate and diverse heritage."}, "https://codexery.com/astronomy-space/e/astronomy-and-space/kuiper-belt/": {"t": "Kuiper belt", "s": "A circumstellar disc of icy bodies beyond Neptune."}, "https://codexery.com/science-measurement/e/science-and-measurement/telescope/": {"t": "Telescope", "s": "Observing the universe across the electromagnetic spectrum", "i": "https://codexery.com/science-measurement/img/science-and-measurement/telescope.webp", "c": "Pelligton · CC BY-SA 4.0"}, "https://codexery.com/astronomy-space/e/astronomy-and-space/orbit/": {"t": "Orbit", "s": "Curved 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"Saturn", "s": "Saturn is a gas giant with rings and the lowest density in the Solar System."}, "https://codexery.com/moons-of-saturn/e/moons-of-saturn/enceladus/": {"t": "Enceladus", "s": "A small, icy moon with active geysers and a subsurface ocean.", "i": "https://codexery.com/moons-of-saturn/img/moons-of-saturn/enceladus.webp", "c": "Justin Cowart · Public domain"}, "https://codexery.com/moons-with-a-prograde-orbit/e/moons-with-a-prograde-orbit/europa-moon/": {"t": "Europa (moon)", "s": "Jupiter's icy moon with a subsurface ocean."}, "https://codexery.com/hypothetical-astronomical-objects/e/hypothetical-astronomical-objects/disrupted-planet/": {"t": "Disrupted planet", "s": "A planet destroyed by a star or black hole."}, "https://codexery.com/exoplanets-found-by-radial-velocity/e/exoplanets-found-by-radial-velocity/wasp-47c/": {"t": "WASP-47c", "s": "Outer gas giant in the habitable zone of WASP-47."}, "https://codexery.com/exoplanets-found-by-radial-velocity/e/exoplanets-found-by-radial-velocity/hd-80606-b/": {"t": "HD 80606 b", "s": "An eccentric hot Jupiter with a comet-like orbit."}, "https://codexery.com/transiting-exoplanets/e/transiting-exoplanets/hat-p-14b/": {"t": "HAT-P-14b", "s": "A retrograde hot Jupiter selected for JWST instrument testing."}, "https://codexery.com/transiting-exoplanets/e/transiting-exoplanets/wasp-18b/": {"t": "WASP-18b", "s": "A hot Jupiter spiraling toward its star in under a million years."}, "https://codexery.com/optical-telescopes/e/optical-telescopes/most-spacecraft/": {"t": "MOST (spacecraft)", "s": "Canada's first space telescope and smallest in orbit for nearly a decade."}, "https://codexery.com/planets-stellar-astronomy/e/planets-and-stellar-astronomy/pulsar/": {"t": "Pulsar", "s": "Rotating neutron stars emitting regular electromagnetic pulses."}, "/e/exoplanets/psr-b1257-12-planets/": {"t": "PSR B1257+12 planets", "s": "First confirmed exoplanets, orbiting a pulsar."}, "https://codexery.com/exoplanets-found-by-imaging-and/e/exoplanets-found-by-imaging-and-microlensing/ogle-2005-blg-390lb/": {"t": "OGLE-2005-BLG-390Lb", "s": "A distant super-Earth ice world discovered via gravitational microlensing.", "i": "https://codexery.com/exoplanets-found-by-imaging-and/img/exoplanets-found-by-imaging-and-microlensing/ogle-2005-blg-390lb.webp", "c": "ESO · CC BY 3.0"}, "https://codexery.com/brown-dwarfs/e/brown-dwarfs/brown-dwarf/": {"t": "Brown dwarf", "s": "Substellar objects fusing deuterium, bridging planets and stars.", "i": "https://codexery.com/brown-dwarfs/img/brown-dwarfs/brown-dwarf.webp", "c": "NASA/JPL-Caltech · Public domain"}, "https://codexery.com/transiting-exoplanets/e/transiting-exoplanets/toi-715-b/": {"t": "TOI-715 b", "s": "First TESS planet in the conservative habitable zone."}, "https://codexery.com/brown-dwarfs/e/brown-dwarfs/sub-brown-dwarf/": {"t": "Sub-brown dwarf", "s": "A failed star of planetary mass, formed like a star.", "i": "https://codexery.com/brown-dwarfs/img/brown-dwarfs/sub-brown-dwarf.webp", "c": "NASA/JPL-Caltech/Calar Alto Obsv./Caltech Sub. Obsv. · Public domain"}, "https://codexery.com/messier-objects/e/messier-objects/orion-nebula/": {"t": "Orion Nebula", "s": "The closest massive star-forming region to Earth."}, "https://codexery.com/fifa-world-cup/e/honours/spain/": {"t": "Spain", "s": "A country spanning the Iberian Peninsula, with a history from Roman Hispania to a modern constitutional monarchy."}, "https://codexery.com/stars-of-orion/e/stars-of-orion/sigma-orionis/": {"t": "Sigma Orionis", "s": "Multiple star system at the eastern end of Orion's Belt."}, "https://codexery.com/regions-cultural-spheres/e/regions-and-cultural-spheres/europe/": {"t": "Europe", "s": "Second-smallest continent, birthplace of Western civilisation and European Union."}, "https://codexery.com/planets-stellar-astronomy/e/planets-and-stellar-astronomy/star-formation/": {"t": "Star formation", "s": "Process by which dense molecular cloud regions collapse into stars."}, "https://codexery.com/brown-dwarfs/e/brown-dwarfs/l-dwarf/": {"t": "L dwarf", "s": "L dwarfs bridge the gap between stars and brown dwarfs."}, "https://codexery.com/brown-dwarfs/e/brown-dwarfs/t-dwarf/": {"t": "T dwarf", "s": "T dwarfs are methane-rich substellar objects cooler than L dwarfs."}, "https://codexery.com/constellations/e/constellations/ophiuchus/": {"t": "Ophiuchus", "s": "A large equatorial constellation representing a serpent-bearer."}, "https://codexery.com/astrophotography/e/astrophotography/astrophotography/": {"t": "Astrophotography", "s": "Astrophotography records celestial objects using long exposures and specialized equipment."}, "https://codexery.com/radio-propagation/e/radio-propagation/doppler-effect/": {"t": "Doppler effect", "s": "Frequency shift due to relative motion between source and observer."}, "https://codexery.com/binary-and-multiple-stars/e/binary-and-multiple-stars/binary-mass-function/": {"t": "Binary mass function", "s": "A function constraining the mass of an unseen binary component."}, "https://codexery.com/communication-and-media/e/communication-and-media/signal-to-noise-ratio/": {"t": "Signal-to-noise ratio", "s": "Measure comparing signal power to background noise power."}, "https://codexery.com/astronomy-space/e/astronomy-and-space/light-year/": {"t": "Light-year", "s": "A unit of distance, not time, used for astronomical scales."}, "https://codexery.com/stars-of-pegasus/e/stars-of-pegasus/hd-209458/": {"t": "HD 209458", "s": "Star with first known transiting exoplanet."}, "https://codexery.com/optical-telescopes/e/optical-telescopes/kilodegree-extremely-little-telescope/": {"t": "Kilodegree Extremely Little Telescope", "s": "Two robotic telescopes surveying bright stars for transiting exoplanets."}, "https://codexery.com/optical-telescopes/e/optical-telescopes/corot/": {"t": "CoRoT", "s": "First space telescope dedicated to detecting transiting exoplanets."}, "https://codexery.com/planets-stellar-astronomy/e/planets-and-stellar-astronomy/red-giant/": {"t": "Red giant", "s": "A late-phase, luminous giant star with an inflated atmosphere."}, "https://codexery.com/astronomers-and-cosmologists/e/astronomers-and-cosmologists/johannes-kepler/": {"t": "Johannes Kepler", "s": "German polymath and father of modern astronomy", "i": "https://codexery.com/astronomers-and-cosmologists/img/astronomers-and-cosmologists/johannes-kepler.webp", "c": "via Wikipedia: Johannes Kepler · see source"}, "https://codexery.com/exploration-of-mars/e/exploration-of-mars/heliocentric-orbit/": {"t": "Heliocentric orbit", "s": "An orbit around the Sun, followed by planets, comets, asteroids, and many artificial probes."}, "https://codexery.com/science-measurement/e/science-and-measurement/photometer/": {"t": "Photometer", "s": "Instrument for measuring light quantities like luminous flux.", "i": "https://codexery.com/science-measurement/img/science-and-measurement/photometer.webp", "c": "NASA Johnson Space Center · Public domain"}, "https://codexery.com/greek-inventions/e/greek-inventions/gimbal/": {"t": "Gimbal", "s": "A pivoted support allowing rotation independent of its base."}, "https://codexery.com/transiting-exoplanets/e/transiting-exoplanets/kepler-438b/": {"t": "Kepler-438b", "s": "Earth-sized exoplanet on the inner edge of its star's habitable zone."}, "https://codexery.com/transiting-exoplanets/e/transiting-exoplanets/kepler-442b/": {"t": "Kepler-442b", "s": "A super-Earth in the habitable zone of a K-type star.", "i": "https://codexery.com/transiting-exoplanets/img/transiting-exoplanets/kepler-442b.webp", "c": "Ph03nix1986 · CC BY-SA 4.0"}, "https://codexery.com/orbits-and-celestial-mechanics/e/orbits-and-celestial-mechanics/halo-orbit/": {"t": "Halo orbit", "s": "Periodic, non-planar orbit around Lagrange points."}, "https://codexery.com/astronomy/e/astronomy/galaxy-formation-and-evolution/": {"t": "Galaxy formation and evolution", "s": "Study of galaxy origins, structure, and change over cosmic time."}, "https://codexery.com/astronomy-space/e/astronomy-and-space/lagrange-point/": {"t": "Lagrange point", "s": "Equilibrium points for small objects in two-body gravitational systems."}, "https://codexery.com/u-s-states/e/u-s-states/maryland/": {"t": "Maryland", "s": "A Mid-Atlantic state with diverse geography and high median income.", "i": "https://codexery.com/u-s-states/img/u-s-states/maryland.webp", "c": "Michael Wheeler · Public domain"}, "https://codexery.com/corporations/e/corporations/northrop-grumman/": {"t": "Northrop Grumman", "s": "American aerospace and defense contractor formed by 1994 merger.", "i": "https://codexery.com/corporations/img/corporations/northrop-grumman.webp", "c": "Clearfieldcity · CC BY-SA 3.0"}, "https://codexery.com/space-program-of-the-united-states/e/space-program-of-the-united-states/project-mercury/": {"t": "Project Mercury", "s": "First US crewed space program, six astronauts flew."}, "https://codexery.com/human-spaceflight-programs/e/human-spaceflight-programs/project-gemini/": {"t": "Project Gemini", "s": "Second U.S. human spaceflight program, bridging Mercury and Apollo."}, "https://codexery.com/human-spaceflight-programs/e/human-spaceflight-programs/apollo-program/": {"t": "Apollo program", "s": "The United States human spaceflight program that landed the first humans on the Moon."}, "https://codexery.com/electromagnetism-and-radiation/e/electromagnetism-and-radiation/ultraviolet/": {"t": "Ultraviolet", "s": "Electromagnetic radiation beyond violet, with both harmful and beneficial effects."}, "https://codexery.com/cosmology-concepts/e/cosmology-concepts/chronology-of-the-universe/": {"t": "Chronology of the universe", "s": "Standard timeline of cosmic history from inflation to present."}, "https://codexery.com/miscellaneous/e/miscellaneous/french-guiana/": {"t": "French Guiana", "s": "French Guiana, officially named Guyane, is an overseas department and region of France situated on the northern coast of South America within the Guianas region", "i": "https://codexery.com/miscellaneous/img/miscellaneous/french-guiana.webp", "c": "via Wikipedia: Politics of French Guiana · see source"}}