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Nightstallion assumed (based on copyright c · Public domain"}, "https://codexery.com/fifa-world-cup/e/honours/czechoslovakia/": {"t": "Czechoslovakia", "s": "A Central European nation that existed from 1918 to 1992, known for its democratic origins and peaceful dissolution."}, "https://codexery.com/leaders-of-revolution-and-independence/e/leaders-of-revolution-and-independence/tom-s-masaryk/": {"t": "Tomás Masaryk", "s": "First president and founding father of Czechoslovakia.", "i": "https://codexery.com/leaders-of-revolution-and-independence/img/leaders-of-revolution-and-independence/tom-s-masaryk.webp", "c": "via Wikipedia: Tomáš Masaryk · see source"}, "https://codexery.com/dynasties-and-kingdoms/e/dynasties-and-kingdoms/kingdom-of-bohemia/": {"t": "Kingdom of Bohemia", "s": "A medieval and early modern monarchy in Central Europe, predecessor of the modern Czech Republic."}, "https://codexery.com/former-empires/e/former-empires/austria-hungary/": {"t": "Austria-Hungary", "s": "A 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political, and economic concept of diverse groups."}, "https://codexery.com/languages-and-dialects/e/languages-and-dialects/german-language/": {"t": "German language", "s": "German, known natively as Deutsch (pronounced [dɔɪ̯tʃ]), belongs to the West Germanic branch of the Indo-European language family and is spoken primarily across"}, "https://codexery.com/castles/e/castles/prague-castle/": {"t": "Prague Castle", "s": "The largest ancient castle in the world, seat of Czech presidents."}, "https://codexery.com/forms-of-government/e/forms-of-government/parliamentary-system/": {"t": "Parliamentary system", "s": "Government based on parliamentary confidence and fusion of powers."}, "https://codexery.com/fifa-world-cup/e/honours/italy/": {"t": "Italy", "s": "A cultural superpower with the eighth-largest economy and the most UNESCO sites."}, "https://codexery.com/other-european-regions/e/other-european-regions/macedonia-greece/": {"t": "Macedonia (Greece)", "s": "Largest Greek region, ancient kingdom of Alexander the Great."}, "https://codexery.com/other-european-regions/e/other-european-regions/epirus-region/": {"t": "Epirus (region)", "s": "Northwestern Greek region, rugged and mountainous, with ancient roots.", "i": "https://codexery.com/other-european-regions/img/other-european-regions/epirus-region.webp", "c": "Alexikoua · CC BY-SA 4.0"}, "https://codexery.com/forms-of-government/e/forms-of-government/monarchism/": {"t": "Monarchism", "s": "Advocacy of monarchy as a system of government."}, "https://codexery.com/rivers-and-seas-of-the-world/e/rivers-and-seas-of-the-world/aegean-sea/": {"t": "Aegean Sea", "s": "A historically important sea between Europe and Asia.", "i": "https://codexery.com/rivers-and-seas-of-the-world/img/rivers-and-seas-of-the-world/aegean-sea.webp", "c": "via Wikipedia: Aegean Sea · see source"}, "https://codexery.com/forms-of-government/e/forms-of-government/liberal-democracy/": {"t": "Liberal democracy", "s": "A government combining democracy with liberal political philosophy."}, "https://codexery.com/world-heritage-sites-in-greece/e/world-heritage-sites-in-greece/mystras/": {"t": "Mystras", "s": "Fortified Byzantine city and capital of the Despotate of the Morea."}, "https://codexery.com/peninsulas-and-cape-landforms/e/peninsulas-and-cape-landforms/peloponnese/": {"t": "Peloponnese", "s": "Southernmost peninsula of mainland Greece, cradle of Mycenaean civilization."}, "https://codexery.com/major-islands-and-archipelagos/e/major-islands-and-archipelagos/crete/": {"t": "Crete", "s": "Largest Greek island, centre of Minoan civilization."}, "https://codexery.com/stato-da-m-r/e/stato-da-m-r/monemvasia/": {"t": "Monemvasia", "s": "A fortified town on a tied island in the Peloponnese."}, "https://codexery.com/territories-of-the-republic-of-venice/e/territories-of-the-republic-of-venice/kythira/": {"t": "Kythira", "s": "Greek island at the crossroads of Mediterranean trade and conquest."}, "https://codexery.com/revolutions-and-conflicts/e/revolutions-and-conflicts/greek-war-of-independence/": {"t": "Greek War of Independence", "s": "From 1821 to 1829, Greek revolutionaries fought a successful war for independence against the Ottoman Empire, known as the Greek War of Independence, the Greek ", "i": "https://codexery.com/revolutions-and-conflicts/img/revolutions-and-conflicts/greek-war-of-independence.webp", "c": "George E. Koronaios · CC BY-SA 4.0"}, "https://codexery.com/political-leaders-revolutionaries/e/political-leaders-and-revolutionaries/david-lloyd-george/": {"t": "David Lloyd George", "s": "Liberal PM who led Britain through WWI and social reform."}, "https://codexery.com/historical-figures/e/explorers/basil-zaharoff/": {"t": "Basil Zaharoff", "s": "The 'merchant of death' who sold faulty arms to both sides.", "i": "https://codexery.com/historical-figures/img/explorers/basil-zaharoff.webp", "c": "Agence de presse Meurisse · via Wikipedia: Basil Zaharoff · Public domain"}, "https://codexery.com/treaties-of-austria-hungary/e/treaties-of-austria-hungary/treaty-of-berlin-1878/": {"t": "Treaty of Berlin (1878)", "s": "Congress of Berlin settlement reversing extreme Russian gains in the Balkans."}, "https://codexery.com/dynasties-and-kingdoms/e/dynasties-and-kingdoms/russian-empire/": {"t": "Russian Empire", "s": "Third-largest empire in history, spanning northern Eurasia."}, "/e/european-statesmen-and-prime-ministers/grover-cleveland/": {"t": "Grover Cleveland", "s": "22nd and 24th U.S. president; first to serve nonconsecutive terms."}, "https://codexery.com/wars-conflicts/e/wars-and-conflicts/spanish-american-war/": {"t": "Spanish–American War", "s": "Conflict that ended Spanish empire and launched U.S. overseas power.", "i": "https://codexery.com/wars-conflicts/img/wars-and-conflicts/spanish-american-war.webp", "c": "Barbudo Barbudo and TEP · via Wikipedia: Spanish–American War · CC BY-SA 4.0"}, "https://codexery.com/countries-and-regions/e/countries-and-regions/new-york-state/": {"t": "New York (state)", "s": "The Empire State: A global node of creativity, entrepreneurship, and natural wonder."}, "https://codexery.com/leaders-and-monarchs/e/leaders-and-monarchs/nicholas-ii/": {"t": "Nicholas II", "s": "Last Emperor of Russia, abdicated in 1917, executed in 1918."}, "/e/european-statesmen-and-prime-ministers/henry-cabot-lodge/": {"t": "Henry Cabot Lodge", "s": "American statesman and historian who led opposition to the Treaty of Versailles and the League of Nations."}, "https://codexery.com/psychologists-and-social-scientists/e/psychologists-and-social-scientists/g-stanley-hall/": {"t": "G. Stanley Hall", "s": "First U.S. psychology doctorate; first president of APA and Clark University."}, "https://codexery.com/international-law-diplomacy/e/international-law-and-diplomacy/supreme-court-of-the-united-states/": {"t": "Supreme Court of the United States", "s": "Highest federal court with ultimate appellate and original jurisdiction.", "i": "https://codexery.com/international-law-diplomacy/img/international-law-and-diplomacy/supreme-court-of-the-united-states.webp", "c": "Original:  Optimager Vector:  Ipankonin · via Wikipedia: Supreme Court of the United States · Public domain"}, "https://codexery.com/investigative-journalists-and-editors/e/investigative-journalists-and-editors/charles-anderson-dana/": {"t": "Charles Anderson Dana", "s": "Journalist, Civil War official, and editor of The New York Sun."}, "https://codexery.com/business-tycoons-and-industrialists/e/business-tycoons-and-industrialists/e-h-harriman/": {"t": "E. H. Harriman", "s": "Railroad tycoon who rebuilt bankrupt lines and controlled a vast transportation empire."}, "https://codexery.com/publishers-and-media-moguls/e/publishers-and-media-moguls/william-randolph-hearst/": {"t": "William Randolph Hearst", "s": "The newspaper magnate who shaped yellow journalism and inspired Citizen Kane."}, "https://codexery.com/international-relations-and-concepts/e/international-relations-and-concepts/international-law/": {"t": "International law", "s": "Body of rules governing state relations, based largely on consent."}, "https://codexery.com/historical-figures/e/leaders/ulysses-s-grant/": {"t": "Ulysses S. Grant", "s": "18th U.S. President and Commanding General of the Union Army"}, "https://codexery.com/cities-on-rivers/e/cities-on-rivers/warsaw/": {"t": "Warsaw", "s": "Capital and largest city of Poland, on the Vistula River."}, "https://codexery.com/rebellions-against-the-russian-empire/e/rebellions-against-the-russian-empire/russian-revolution-of-1905/": {"t": "Russian Revolution of 1905", "s": "A revolution that forced a constitution but failed to overthrow the tsar."}, "https://codexery.com/leaders-of-revolution-and-independence/e/leaders-of-revolution-and-independence/vladimir-lenin/": {"t": "Vladimir Lenin", "s": "First head of Soviet Russia and founder of Leninism.", "i": "https://codexery.com/leaders-of-revolution-and-independence/img/leaders-of-revolution-and-independence/vladimir-lenin.webp", "c": "via Wikipedia: Vladimir Lenin · see source"}, "https://codexery.com/moscow-kremlin/e/moscow-kremlin/kremlin-wall-necropolis/": {"t": "Kremlin Wall Necropolis", "s": "Soviet national cemetery beside the Kremlin Wall in Red Square."}, "https://codexery.com/historical-events-places/e/historical-events-and-places/partitions-of-poland/": {"t": "Partitions of Poland", "s": "Three partitions ended the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth's existence."}, "https://codexery.com/education-schools/e/education-and-schools/saint-petersburg-state-university/": {"t": "Saint Petersburg State University", "s": "One of Russia's oldest universities, founded by Peter the Great."}, "https://codexery.com/education-schools/e/education-and-schools/gymnasium-school/": {"t": "Gymnasium (school)", "s": "European secondary school preparing students for university."}, "https://codexery.com/infectious-diseases/e/infectious-diseases/tuberculosis/": {"t": "Tuberculosis", "s": "A contagious bacterial disease, historically called consumption, that remains a global killer."}, "https://codexery.com/languages-and-writing-systems/e/languages-and-writing-systems/polish-language/": {"t": "Polish language", "s": "A West Slavic language with a rich literary tradition and over 39.7 million native speakers."}, "https://codexery.com/languages/e/languages/latin/": {"t": "Latin", "s": "A classical language of the Italic branch, Latin evolved into the Romance languages and remained a key scholarly tongue into the early 19th century."}, "https://codexery.com/modern-political-activists-and-theorists/e/modern-political-activists-and-theorists/rosa-luxemburg/": {"t": "Rosa Luxemburg", "s": "Polish and naturalised-German Marxist theorist and revolutionary, co-founder of the KPD."}, "https://codexery.com/russian-cities/e/russian-cities/irkutsk/": {"t": "Irkutsk", "s": "The Paris of Siberia"}, "https://codexery.com/world-heritage-sites-in-poland/e/world-heritage-sites-in-poland/krak-w/": {"t": "Kraków", "s": "Historic royal capital and UNESCO World Heritage city in southern Poland."}, "https://codexery.com/cities-on-rivers/e/cities-on-rivers/saint-petersburg/": {"t": "Saint Petersburg", "s": "Russia's cultural capital and historic window to Europe."}, "https://codexery.com/cities/e/landmark-cities/moscow/": {"t": "Moscow", "s": "Capital of Russia, largest city in Europe, and a historic center of power and culture."}, "https://codexery.com/diseases-and-conditions/e/diseases-and-conditions/myocardial-infarction/": {"t": "Myocardial infarction", "s": "A heart attack occurs when blood flow to the heart is blocked.", "i": "https://codexery.com/diseases-and-conditions/img/diseases-and-conditions/myocardial-infarction.webp", "c": "Authors of the study: Stefan Gustafsson, Erik Lampa, Karin Jensevik Eriksson, Ad · CC BY 4.0"}, "https://codexery.com/moscow-kremlin/e/moscow-kremlin/moscow-kremlin-wall/": {"t": "Moscow Kremlin Wall", "s": "Defensive wall surrounding the Moscow Kremlin, built by Italian architects."}, "https://codexery.com/historical-figures/e/notable/hirohito/": {"t": "Hirohito", "s": "Emperor of Japan from 1926 to 1989, reigning through war and reconstruction."}, "https://codexery.com/wars-conflicts/e/wars-and-conflicts/second-sino-japanese-war/": {"t": "Second Sino-Japanese War", "s": "Largest Asian war of the 20th century, intertwined with World War II.", "i": "https://codexery.com/wars-conflicts/img/wars-and-conflicts/second-sino-japanese-war.webp", "c": "Unknown photographer, Ministry of the Navy · via Wikipedia: Second Sino-Japanese War · Public domain"}, "https://codexery.com/wars-conflicts/e/wars-and-conflicts/pacific-war/": {"t": "Pacific War", "s": "The largest theater of World War II, fought across the Pacific and Asia.", "i": "https://codexery.com/wars-conflicts/img/wars-and-conflicts/pacific-war.webp", "c": "Ensign Emment Regan · Public domain"}, "https://codexery.com/korea-under-japanese-rule/e/korea-under-japanese-rule/state-general-mobilization-law/": {"t": "State General Mobilization Law", "s": "Japanese law enabling wartime economic control and labor mobilization."}, "https://codexery.com/european-prime-ministers-and-statesmen/e/european-prime-ministers-and-statesmen/saionji-kinmochi/": {"t": "Saionji Kinmochi", "s": "Last surviving genrō and twice Prime Minister of Japan."}, "https://codexery.com/chinese-history/e/chinese-history/republic-of-china-1912-1949/": {"t": "Republic of China (1912–1949)", "s": "First Chinese republic, ruled mainland until 1949."}, "https://codexery.com/world-war-ii-campaigns-and-atrocities/e/world-war-ii-campaigns-and-atrocities/japanese-war-crimes/": {"t": "Japanese war crimes", "s": "War crimes by Imperial Japan caused millions of deaths across Asia.", "i": "https://codexery.com/world-war-ii-campaigns-and-atrocities/img/world-war-ii-campaigns-and-atrocities/japanese-war-crimes.webp", "c": "No 9 Army Film & Photographic Unit. Morris, W A (Sergeant). 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"via Wikipedia: First French Empire · see source"}, "https://codexery.com/major-wars/e/major-wars/french-revolutionary-wars/": {"t": "French Revolutionary Wars", "s": "The French Revolutionary Wars were a series of major military conflicts sparked by the French Revolution, lasting from 1792 to 1802."}, "https://codexery.com/states-of-the-german-empire/e/states-of-the-german-empire/kingdom-of-prussia/": {"t": "Kingdom of Prussia", "s": "German state that unified Germany and dominated the German Empire."}, "https://codexery.com/historical-figures/e/notable/arthur-wellesley-1st-duke-of-wellington/": {"t": "Arthur Wellesley, 1st Duke of Wellington", "s": "British field marshal and prime minister who defeated Napoleon at Waterloo."}, "https://codexery.com/architectural-styles-and-landmarks/e/architectural-styles-and-landmarks/palace-of-westminster/": {"t": "Palace of Westminster", "s": "Meeting place of the UK Parliament, a symbol of British government."}, 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"s": "Seventh U.S. president and architect of Jacksonian democracy."}, "https://codexery.com/branches-of-christianity/e/branches-of-christianity/baptists/": {"t": "Baptists", "s": "Protestant tradition emphasizing believer's baptism and local church autonomy."}, "https://codexery.com/mental-health/e/mental-health/psychiatric-hospital/": {"t": "Psychiatric hospital", "s": "Medical facilities treating severe mental disorders, evolving from asylums."}, "https://codexery.com/herbs-spices-medicinal/e/herbs-and-spices-and-medicinal/hemp/": {"t": "Hemp", "s": "A versatile plant used for fiber, food, and industrial products."}, "https://codexery.com/domestic-breeds-types/e/domestic-breeds-and-types/arabian-horse/": {"t": "Arabian horse", "s": "One of the oldest and most influential horse breeds."}, "https://codexery.com/animal-breeds/e/animal-breeds/hereford-cattle/": {"t": "Hereford cattle", "s": "British beef breed with distinctive white face."}, 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domain"}, "https://codexery.com/economic-and-social-concepts/e/economic-and-social-concepts/land-reform/": {"t": "Land reform", "s": "Reforms altering land ownership, use, and tenure systems.", "i": "https://codexery.com/economic-and-social-concepts/img/economic-and-social-concepts/land-reform.webp", "c": "Unknown author · Public domain"}, "https://codexery.com/people-with-albinism/e/people-with-albinism/robert-lowe/": {"t": "Robert Lowe", "s": "British statesman, Chancellor of the Exchequer, and father of modern company law."}, "https://codexery.com/bushrangers/e/bushrangers/bushranger/": {"t": "Bushranger", "s": "Armed outlaws of the Australian bush."}, "https://codexery.com/bushrangers/e/bushrangers/frank-gardiner/": {"t": "Frank Gardiner", "s": "Leader of Australia's largest gold heist.", "i": "https://codexery.com/bushrangers/img/bushrangers/frank-gardiner.webp", "c": "via Wikipedia: Frank Gardiner · see source"}, 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