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Wikipedia: Hagia Sophia · see source"}, "https://codexery.com/world-heritage-sites-in-turkey/e/part-1/cappadocia/": {"t": "Cappadocia", "s": "Historical region in central Turkey with unique rock formations.", "i": "https://codexery.com/world-heritage-sites-in-turkey/img/part-1/cappadocia.webp", "c": "Peretz Partensky from San Francisco, USA · CC BY-SA 2.0"}, "https://codexery.com/territories-of-the-republic-of-venice/e/part-1/corfu/": {"t": "Corfu", "s": "Northernmost Ionian island, ancient naval power, Venetian fortress."}, "https://codexery.com/rivers-and-seas-of-the-world/e/part-1/danube/": {"t": "Danube", "s": "Europe's second-longest river, a historic frontier and trade route.", "i": "https://codexery.com/rivers-and-seas-of-the-world/img/part-1/danube.webp", "c": "Visions of Domino · via Wikipedia: Danube · CC BY 2.0"}, "https://codexery.com/christian-saints-early-church-fathers/e/part-1/peter-the-hermit/": {"t": "peter-the-hermit", "s": ""}, 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"Sdkb · CC BY-SA 4.0"}, "https://codexery.com/historical-figures/e/notable/zenobia/": {"t": "Zenobia", "s": "Third-century queen of the Palmyrene Empire who challenged Rome and became a symbol of Syrian patriotism."}, "https://codexery.com/ancient-and-medieval-historians-and-phil/e/part-1/apollonius-of-tyana/": {"t": "apollonius-of-tyana", "s": ""}, "https://codexery.com/great-collapses/e/part-1/the-library-of-alexandria/": {"t": "the-library-of-alexandria", "s": ""}, "https://codexery.com/human-sacrifice-in-folklore-and-mytholog/e/part-1/palinurus/": {"t": "palinurus", "s": ""}, "https://codexery.com/classic-poetry-and-epics/e/part-1/the-aeneid/": {"t": "the-aeneid", "s": ""}, "https://codexery.com/historical-figures/e/notable/diocletian/": {"t": "Diocletian", "s": "Roman emperor who stabilized the empire, initiated the Tetrarchy, and abdicated voluntarily."}, "https://codexery.com/french-regions/e/part-1/corsica/": {"t": "corsica", "s": ""}, "https://codexery.com/historical-figures/e/notable/alexander-the-great/": {"t": "Alexander the Great", "s": "King of Macedon who created a vast empire from Greece to India."}, "https://codexery.com/ethnic-groups/e/part-1/slavs/": {"t": "slavs", "s": ""}, "https://codexery.com/literary-forms-tropes/e/part-1/biography/": {"t": "biography", "s": ""}, "https://codexery.com/languages-and-dialects/e/part-1/english-language/": {"t": "english-language", "s": ""}, "https://codexery.com/territories-of-the-republic-of-venice/e/part-1/patras/": {"t": "Patras", "s": "Greece's third-largest city, a historic port and cultural hub."}, "/e/emperors-of-the-byzantine-and-roman-world/constans-ii/": {"t": "Constans II", "s": "Byzantine emperor who visited Rome and faced Arab invasions."}, "https://codexery.com/geology-earth-science/e/part-1/marble/": {"t": "marble", "s": ""}, "https://codexery.com/italian-regions/e/part-1/calabria/": {"t": "calabria", "s": ""}, "https://codexery.com/peninsulas/e/part-1/italian-peninsula/": {"t": "italian-peninsula", "s": ""}, "https://codexery.com/ancient-and-medieval-historians-and-phil/e/part-1/cassius-dio/": {"t": "cassius-dio", "s": ""}, "https://codexery.com/leaders-and-monarchs/e/part-1/louis-xvi/": {"t": "louis-xvi", "s": ""}, "/e/emperors-of-the-byzantine-and-roman-world/antoninus-pius/": {"t": "Antoninus Pius", "s": "Roman emperor whose reign was the most peaceful of the Principate."}, "https://codexery.com/pre-columbian-empires/e/part-1/parthian-empire/": {"t": "Parthian Empire", "s": "The Arsacid Iranian power that ruled from 247 BC to 224 AD and stood astride the Silk Road.", "i": "https://codexery.com/pre-columbian-empires/img/part-1/parthian-empire.webp", "c": "via Wikipedia: Parthian Empire · see source"}, "https://codexery.com/wars-conflicts/e/part-1/roman-persian-wars/": {"t": "Roman–Persian wars", "s": "Seven centuries of inconclusive Roman–Persian conflict.", "i": "https://codexery.com/wars-conflicts/img/part-1/roman-persian-wars.webp", "c": "Roman-Persian Frontier, 565 AD-pt.svg : Renato de carvalho ferreira ( talk · con · CC0"}, "https://codexery.com/rome/e/places/hadrian-s-wall/": {"t": "Hadrian's Wall", "s": "The stone line separating the known world from the wild north.", "i": "https://codexery.com/rome/img/places/hadrian-s-wall.webp", "c": "Hadrians_Wall_map.png: Created by NormanEinstein, September 20, 2005\nderivative work: Talifero (talk) · via Wikipedia: Hadrian's Wall · CC BY-SA 3.0"}, "https://codexery.com/supernatural-beings-identified-with-chri/e/part-1/serapis/": {"t": "Serapis", "s": "Graeco-Egyptian syncretic god, popularized by Ptolemy I to unify his kingdom."}, "https://codexery.com/philosophical-traditions/e/part-1/aristotelianism/": {"t": "aristotelianism", "s": ""}, "https://codexery.com/historical-figures/e/notable/heraclius/": {"t": "Heraclius", "s": "Byzantine emperor who defeated the Persians but lost newly regained lands to the Arab conquests."}, "https://codexery.com/historical-figures/e/notable/uthman/": {"t": "Uthman", "s": "Third Rashidun caliph who standardized the Quran."}, "https://codexery.com/rivers-and-seas-of-the-world/e/part-1/aegean-sea/": {"t": "Aegean Sea", "s": "A historically important sea between Europe and Asia.", "i": "https://codexery.com/rivers-and-seas-of-the-world/img/part-1/aegean-sea.webp", "c": "via Wikipedia: Aegean Sea · see source"}, "https://codexery.com/ancient-civilizations/e/part-1/phrygia/": {"t": "phrygia", "s": ""}, "https://codexery.com/major-islands-and-archipelagos/e/part-1/crete/": {"t": "crete", "s": ""}, "https://codexery.com/ancient-empires/e/part-1/medes/": {"t": "medes", "s": ""}, "https://codexery.com/medieval-europe/e/part-1/lombards/": {"t": "lombards", "s": ""}, "https://codexery.com/world-heritage-sites-in-italy/e/part-1/benevento/": {"t": "Benevento", "s": "Ancient Samnite city on the Appian Way, later a Roman colony."}, "https://codexery.com/architectural-styles-and-landmarks/e/part-1/pantheon-rome/": {"t": "pantheon-rome", "s": ""}, "https://codexery.com/ancient-empires-rulers/e/part-1/emperor-taizong-of-tang/": {"t": "emperor-taizong-of-tang", "s": ""}, "https://codexery.com/geology/e/part-1/gemstone/": {"t": "gemstone", "s": ""}, "/e/emperors-of-the-byzantine-and-roman-world/constantine-viii/": {"t": "Constantine VIII", "s": "Longest-reigning de jure Byzantine emperor, whose sole rule saw decline.", "i": "https://codexery.com/emperors-of-the-byzantine-and-roman-worl/img/emperors-of-the-byzantine-and-roman-world/constantine-viii.webp", "c": "Jaqeli · CC BY-SA 4.0"}, "https://codexery.com/historical-figures/e/notable/basil-ii/": {"t": "Basil II", "s": "The Bulgar Slayer who expanded the Byzantine Empire to its greatest extent in four centuries."}, "https://codexery.com/branches-of-christianity/e/part-1/catholic-church/": {"t": "catholic-church", "s": ""}, 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"ancient-greek-philosophy", "s": ""}, "https://codexery.com/historical-figures/e/notable/leo-iii-the-isaurian/": {"t": "Leo III the Isaurian", "s": "Byzantine emperor who ended anarchy and banned icon veneration."}, "https://codexery.com/christian-theology/e/part-1/christian-monasticism/": {"t": "christian-monasticism", "s": ""}, "https://codexery.com/religious-practices-and-symbols/e/part-1/iconoclasm/": {"t": "Iconoclasm", "s": "The belief in the importance of destroying icons and images, often for religious or political reasons."}, "https://codexery.com/theological-and-philosophical-debates/e/part-1/heresy/": {"t": "Heresy", "s": "A belief or theory strongly at variance with established religious doctrines, often met with censure."}, "https://codexery.com/early-church-fathers-and-saints/e/part-1/john-of-damascus/": {"t": "john-of-damascus", "s": ""}, "https://codexery.com/christian-saints-early-church-fathers/e/part-1/mary-mother-of-jesus/": {"t": "mary-mother-of-jesus", "s": ""}, 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"https://codexery.com/world-heritage-sites-in-turkey/e/part-1/diyarbak-r/": {"t": "Diyarbakır", "s": "Ancient city on the Tigris, Kurdish cultural and political center."}, "https://codexery.com/tetrarchy/e/part-1/constantius-chlorus/": {"t": "Constantius Chlorus", "s": "Roman emperor and father of Constantine the Great.", "i": "https://codexery.com/tetrarchy/img/part-1/constantius-chlorus.webp", "c": "Unknown artist · Public domain"}, "https://codexery.com/historical-figures/e/notable/athanasius-of-alexandria/": {"t": "Athanasius of Alexandria", "s": "Trinitarian theologian, patriarch of Alexandria, exiled five times."}, "https://codexery.com/world-heritage-sites-in-italy/e/part-1/aquileia/": {"t": "Aquileia", "s": "Roman colony, early Christian hub, sacked by Attila."}, "https://codexery.com/religious-practices-and-symbols/e/part-1/sacrifice/": {"t": "Sacrifice", "s": "An act or offering made to a deity."}, 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campaigns."}, "https://codexery.com/historical-cultural-concepts/e/part-1/patrician-ancient-rome/": {"t": "patrician-ancient-rome", "s": ""}, "https://codexery.com/historical-figures/e/notable/pericles/": {"t": "Pericles", "s": "First citizen of Athens during its Golden Age"}, "https://codexery.com/italian-regions/e/part-1/campania/": {"t": "campania", "s": ""}, "https://codexery.com/historical-figures/e/scientists/livy/": {"t": "Livy", "s": "Roman historian who wrote Ab Urbe Condita, a monumental history of Rome from its founding through the reign of Augustus."}, "https://codexery.com/languages-and-writing-systems/e/part-1/orthography/": {"t": "orthography", "s": ""}, "https://codexery.com/historical-figures/e/notable/cicero/": {"t": "Cicero", "s": "Roman statesman, orator, and philosopher who shaped Latin rhetoric and thought."}, "/e/emperors-of-the-byzantine-and-roman-world/cato-the-younger/": {"t": "Cato the Younger", "s": "Conservative senator who opposed Caesar and died for the Republic."}, "https://codexery.com/historiography-methods/e/part-1/historiography/": {"t": "historiography", "s": ""}, "https://codexery.com/pre-columbian-empires/e/part-1/seleucid-empire/": {"t": "Seleucid Empire", "s": "Greek state in West Asia founded by Seleucus I Nicator in 312 BC, annexed by the Roman Republic in 63 BC.", "i": "https://codexery.com/pre-columbian-empires/img/part-1/seleucid-empire.webp", "c": "via Wikipedia: Seleucid Empire · see source"}, "https://codexery.com/ancient-empires-rulers/e/part-1/antiochus-iii-the-great/": {"t": "antiochus-iii-the-great", "s": ""}, "https://codexery.com/historical-eras/e/part-1/hellenistic-period/": {"t": "hellenistic-period", "s": ""}, "https://codexery.com/historical-figures/e/scientists/plutarch/": {"t": "Plutarch", "s": "Greek and Roman philosopher, historian, and priest of Apollo"}, "https://codexery.com/historical-figures/e/leaders/quintus-fabius-maximus-verrucosus/": {"t": "Quintus Fabius Maximus Verrucosus", "s": "The Delayer Who Saved Rome", "i": "https://codexery.com/historical-figures/img/leaders/quintus-fabius-maximus-verrucosus.webp", "c": "schurl50 (User:schurl50) · via Wikipedia: Quintus Fabius Maximus Verrucosus · Public domain"}, "https://codexery.com/historical-figures/e/notable/hannibal/": {"t": "Hannibal", "s": "Carthaginian general who crossed the Alps and fought Rome in the Second Punic War."}, "https://codexery.com/historical-figures/e/leaders/marcus-claudius-marcellus/": {"t": "Marcus Claudius Marcellus", "s": "Roman general who won the spolia opima and conquered Syracuse", "i": "https://codexery.com/historical-figures/img/leaders/marcus-claudius-marcellus.webp", "c": "Unknown authorUnknown author · via Wikipedia: Marcus Claudius Marcellus · Public domain"}, "https://codexery.com/rome/e/places/plebeian-tribunes/": {"t": "Plebeian Tribunes", "s": "Sacrosanct protectors of the plebs, armed with the power of intercession and veto."}, "https://codexery.com/national-parks-of-greece/e/part-1/mount-oeta/": {"t": "mount-oeta", "s": ""}, "https://codexery.com/christian-theology/e/part-1/basilica/": {"t": "basilica", "s": ""}, "https://codexery.com/physiology-medicine/e/part-1/suicide/": {"t": "suicide", "s": ""}, "https://codexery.com/rome/e/works/livia/": {"t": "Livia", "s": "The silent architect who built an empire on blood and calculated silence."}, "/e/emperors-of-the-byzantine-and-roman-world/cato-the-elder/": {"t": "Cato the Elder", "s": "Roman soldier, senator, historian, and censor known for conservatism."}, "https://codexery.com/philosophical-movements-and-schools/e/part-1/stoicism/": {"t": "stoicism", "s": ""}, "https://codexery.com/historical-figures/e/notable/julius-caesar/": {"t": "Julius Caesar", "s": "Roman general, dictator, and author who transformed the Republic."}, "https://codexery.com/historical-figures/e/leaders/pompey/": {"t": "Pompey", "s": "Roman general and statesman, rival of Julius Caesar", "i": "https://codexery.com/historical-figures/img/leaders/pompey.webp", "c": "Didier Descouens · via Wikipedia: Pompey · Public domain"}, "https://codexery.com/historical-figures/e/leaders/sulla/": {"t": "Sulla", "s": "Roman general and dictator who marched on Rome and reformed the republic", "i": "https://codexery.com/historical-figures/img/leaders/sulla.webp", "c": "CNG · via Wikipedia: Sulla · CC BY-SA 2.5"}, "https://codexery.com/sieges-and-battles/e/part-1/third-servile-war/": {"t": "Third Servile War", "s": "The slave rebellion that threatened Rome's heartland."}, "https://codexery.com/rome/e/people/spartacus/": {"t": "Spartacus", "s": "The ghost of the rebellion whose memory haunted Rome."}, "/e/emperors-of-the-byzantine-and-roman-world/catiline/": {"t": "Catiline", "s": "Roman politician who led a failed coup in 63 BC."}, "https://codexery.com/historical-figures-leaders/e/part-1/marcus-licinius-crassus/": {"t": "marcus-licinius-crassus", "s": ""}, "https://codexery.com/historical-figures/e/scientists/suetonius/": {"t": "Suetonius", "s": "Roman historian and biographer of the Twelve Caesars"}, "https://codexery.com/world-wonders/e/part-1/the-colosseum/": {"t": "The Colosseum", "s": "Largest ancient amphitheatre, symbol of Imperial Rome.", "i": "https://codexery.com/world-wonders/img/part-1/the-colosseum.webp", "c": "Dietmar Rabich · CC BY-SA 4.0"}, "https://codexery.com/rome/e/organizations/second-triumvirate/": {"t": "Second Triumvirate", "s": "Three men united by blood, divided by ambition, reshaping the fate of Rome."}}