[{"n": "20 µm process", "u": "/e/egyptian-inventions/20-m-process/", "s": "Early CMOS process for RCA's CD4000 ICs."}, {"n": "Aluminum gate", "u": "/e/egyptian-inventions/aluminum-gate/", "s": "Original gate metal in first MOSFET, used through early 1970s."}, {"n": "Ancient Egyptian technology", "u": "/e/egyptian-inventions/ancient-egyptian-technology/", "s": "Ancient Egyptians invented foundational technologies in construction, writing, and maritime engineering."}, {"n": "Ancient Egyptian architecture", "u": "/e/egyptian-inventions/ancient-egyptian-architecture/", "s": "Ancient Egyptian architecture spans over three thousand years of styles."}, {"n": "Atalla Box", "u": "/e/egyptian-inventions/atalla-box/", "s": "The first hardware security module that secured the world's ATM transactions."}, {"n": "Charge trap flash", "u": "/e/egyptian-inventions/charge-trap-flash/", "s": "Semiconductor memory using a silicon nitride charge trapping layer."}, {"n": "Community banking models", "u": "/e/egyptian-inventions/community-banking-models/", "s": "Community banking empowers local groups through collective resource sharing."}, {"n": "Egyptian faience", "u": "/e/egyptian-inventions/egyptian-faience/", "s": "Ancient Egyptian sintered-quartz ceramic with vitreous glaze."}, {"n": "Gate dielectric", "u": "/e/egyptian-inventions/gate-dielectric/", "s": "Dielectric layer between gate and substrate in field-effect transistors."}, {"n": "Herodotus Machine", "u": "/e/egyptian-inventions/herodotus-machine/", "s": "A lifting device described by Herodotus for pyramid construction."}, {"n": "Mastaba", "u": "/e/egyptian-inventions/mastaba/", "s": "Flat-roofed, sloping-sided tomb of ancient Egypt."}, {"n": "Ancient Egyptian medicine", "u": "/e/egyptian-inventions/ancient-egyptian-medicine/", "s": "Ancient Egyptian medicine: some of the oldest documented, with surgical papyri, gynecological texts, and early"}, {"n": "MOS capacitor", "u": "/e/egyptian-inventions/mos-capacitor/", "s": "Core structure enabling the MOSFET and modern integrated circuits."}, {"n": "Noria", "u": "/e/egyptian-inventions/noria/", "s": "A river-powered wheel lifting water for irrigation and supply."}, {"n": "Oud", "u": "/e/egyptian-inventions/oud/", "s": "A fretless pear-shaped lute from the Middle East."}, {"n": "Prosthesis", "u": "/e/egyptian-inventions/prosthesis/", "s": "Artificial devices replacing missing body parts."}, {"n": "Pulley", "u": "/e/egyptian-inventions/pulley/", "s": "A simple machine that changes direction or transmits power via a wheel."}, {"n": "Construction of the Egyptian pyramids", "u": "/e/egyptian-inventions/construction-of-the-egyptian-pyramids/", "s": "Unraveling the mysteries of pyramid construction through archaeology and science."}, {"n": "Rope stretcher", "u": "/e/egyptian-inventions/rope-stretcher/", "s": "Ancient Egyptian surveyors who measured land with knotted cords."}, {"n": "Saqiyah", "u": "/e/egyptian-inventions/saqiyah/", "s": "Ancient animal-powered water lifter still used across the Middle East and India."}, {"n": "Scientific methodology", "u": "/e/egyptian-inventions/scientific-methodology/", "s": "Empirical method for knowledge through observation, hypothesis, and experiment."}, {"n": "Siphon", "u": "/e/egyptian-inventions/siphon/", "s": "Ancient device, modern mystery: the siphon's flow defies simple explanation."}, {"n": "Bookbinding", "u": "/e/egyptian-inventions/bookbinding/", "s": "A skilled trade combining paper, textile, and leather crafts."}, {"n": "Chariotry in ancient Egypt", "u": "/e/egyptian-inventions/chariotry-in-ancient-egypt/", "s": "Elite chariot units shaped Egyptian warfare and royal symbolism."}, {"n": "Chest (furniture)", "u": "/e/egyptian-inventions/chest-furniture/", "s": "A rectangular storage box with a lid, used since antiquity."}, {"n": "Cursive hieroglyphs", "u": "/e/egyptian-inventions/cursive-hieroglyphs/", "s": "A handwritten form of Egyptian hieroglyphs for religious texts."}, {"n": "Egyptian medical papyri", "u": "/e/egyptian-inventions/egyptian-medical-papyri/", "s": "Ancient Egyptian papyri blending magic, surgery, and herbal remedies."}, {"n": "Flip-flops", "u": "/e/egyptian-inventions/flip-flops/", "s": "Light sandals with a Y-shaped toe strap, worn worldwide."}, {"n": "Fountain pen", "u": "/e/egyptian-inventions/fountain-pen/", "s": "A writing instrument using an internal reservoir to hold ink."}, {"n": "Gate oxide", "u": "/e/egyptian-inventions/gate-oxide/", "s": "Dielectric layer separating MOSFET gate from channel."}, {"n": "Hieratic", "u": "/e/egyptian-inventions/hieratic/", "s": "Cursive script used for daily life and religious texts in ancient Egypt."}, {"n": "Lathe", "u": "/e/egyptian-inventions/lathe/", "s": "Ancient tool for shaping symmetrical objects by rotation."}, {"n": "NMOS logic", "u": "/e/egyptian-inventions/nmos-logic/", "s": "NMOS logic enabled faster, cheaper digital circuits in the 1970s-80s."}, {"n": "Ostracon", "u": "/e/egyptian-inventions/ostracon/", "s": "Ancient Egyptian and Greek writing on pottery shards and stone flakes."}, {"n": "PMOS logic", "u": "/e/egyptian-inventions/pmos-logic/", "s": "Dominant digital logic family before NMOS and CMOS."}, {"n": "Screw pump", "u": "/e/egyptian-inventions/screw-pump/", "s": "Oldest positive-displacement pump, using screws to move materials."}, {"n": "Secure cryptoprocessor", "u": "/e/egyptian-inventions/secure-cryptoprocessor/", "s": "A tamper-resistant chip that keeps cryptographic secrets secure."}, {"n": "Shale oil", "u": "/e/egyptian-inventions/shale-oil/", "s": "Unconventional oil derived from oil shale via thermal processing."}]