{"https://codexery.com/education-schools/e/education-and-schools/new-york-university/": {"t": "New York University", "s": "A private research university in New York City, founded in 1832 by Albert Gallatin.", "i": "https://codexery.com/education-schools/img/education-and-schools/new-york-university.webp", "c": "via Wikipedia: State University of New York · see source"}, "https://codexery.com/economic-concepts/e/economic-concepts/economics/": {"t": "Economics", "s": "Social science studying production, distribution, and consumption of goods and services.", "i": "https://codexery.com/economic-concepts/img/economic-concepts/economics.webp", "c": "Pk0001 · CC BY-SA 4.0"}, "https://codexery.com/universities-and-colleges/e/universities-and-colleges/harvard-university/": {"t": "Harvard University", "s": "Oldest institution of higher learning in the United States.", "i": "https://codexery.com/universities-and-colleges/img/universities-and-colleges/harvard-university.webp", "c": "Harvard University · via Wikipedia: Harvard University · Public domain"}, "https://codexery.com/cities/e/ancient-cities/istanbul/": {"t": "Istanbul", "s": "A city on two continents, bridging Europe and Asia."}, "https://codexery.com/cities/e/modern-metropolis/tel-aviv/": {"t": "Tel Aviv", "s": "The economic and technological center of Israel, a global high-tech hub."}, "https://codexery.com/universities-and-colleges/e/universities-and-colleges/hebrew-university-of-jerusalem/": {"t": "Hebrew University of Jerusalem", "s": "Second-oldest Israeli university, co-founded by Einstein and Weizmann.", "i": "https://codexery.com/universities-and-colleges/img/universities-and-colleges/hebrew-university-of-jerusalem.webp", "c": "Unknown author · Public domain"}, "https://codexery.com/international-organizations-and-agreemen/e/international-organizations-and-agreements/international-monetary-fund/": {"t": "International Monetary Fund", "s": "International financial institution fostering global monetary cooperation and stability."}, "https://codexery.com/natural-disasters/e/natural-disasters/hurricane-katrina/": {"t": "Hurricane Katrina", "s": "The 2005 Category 5 hurricane that flooded New Orleans and became the costliest US tropical cyclone.", "i": "https://codexery.com/natural-disasters/img/natural-disasters/hurricane-katrina.webp", "c": "via Wikipedia: Hurricane Katrina · see source"}, "/e/economists-and-economic-thinkers/raghuram-rajan/": {"t": "Raghuram Rajan", "s": "Indian economist who warned of financial crisis before 2008.", "i": "https://codexery.com/economists-and-economic-thinkers/img/economists-and-economic-thinkers/raghuram-rajan.webp", "c": "via Wikipedia: Raghuram Rajan · see source"}, "https://codexery.com/media-and-publishing/e/media-and-publishing/the-new-york-times/": {"t": "The New York Times", "s": "The Gray Lady, a U.S."}, "https://codexery.com/infectious-diseases/e/infectious-diseases/covid-19/": {"t": "COVID-19", "s": "COVID-19 is a contagious disease caused by the coronavirus SARS-CoV-2."}, "https://codexery.com/national-economies/e/national-economies/economy-of-the-united-states/": {"t": "Economy of the United States", "s": "The world's largest economy by nominal GDP, fueled by high productivity, technology, and extensive natural resources."}, "https://codexery.com/magazines-newspapers/e/magazines-and-newspapers/financial-times/": {"t": "Financial Times", "s": "We Live in Financial Times"}, "https://codexery.com/economic-concepts-and-schools/e/economic-concepts-and-schools/microeconomics/": {"t": "Microeconomics", "s": "Branch of economics studying individual decision-making and resource allocation."}, "https://codexery.com/economists-and-nobel-laureates/e/economists-and-nobel-laureates/elinor-ostrom/": {"t": "Elinor Ostrom", "s": "American political scientist who studied governance of shared resources."}, "https://codexery.com/radio-manufacturers/e/radio-manufacturers/general-electric/": {"t": "General Electric", "s": "American conglomerate formed from Edison and Thomson-Houston merger in 1892."}, "https://codexery.com/historical-figures/e/scientists/ronald-coase/": {"t": "Ronald Coase", "s": "Economist who explained why firms exist and how property rights matter."}, "https://codexery.com/historical-figures/e/scientists/herbert-a-simon/": {"t": "Herbert A. 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{"t": "Robert Solow", "s": "American economist who modeled economic growth and technical progress.", "i": "https://codexery.com/economists-and-economic-thinkers/img/economists-and-economic-thinkers/robert-solow.webp", "c": "via Wikipedia: Robert Solow · see source"}, "https://codexery.com/economists-and-nobel-laureates/e/economists-and-nobel-laureates/ben-bernanke/": {"t": "Ben Bernanke", "s": "Federal Reserve chairman during the 2008 financial crisis."}, "https://codexery.com/mechanics-and-fluid-dynamics/e/mechanics-and-fluid-dynamics/hysteresis/": {"t": "Hysteresis", "s": "History-dependent behavior observed across many natural and artificial systems."}, "/e/economists-and-economic-thinkers/peter-diamond/": {"t": "Peter Diamond", "s": "MIT Nobel laureate known for search frictions, optimal taxation and U.S. Social Security policy.", "i": "https://codexery.com/economists-and-economic-thinkers/img/economists-and-economic-thinkers/peter-diamond.webp", "c": "via Wikipedia: Peter Diamond · see source"}, "https://codexery.com/royalty-and-heads-of-state/e/royalty-and-heads-of-state/emmanuel-macron/": {"t": "Emmanuel Macron", "s": "French president since 2017, youngest in nation's history.", "i": "https://codexery.com/royalty-and-heads-of-state/img/royalty-and-heads-of-state/emmanuel-macron.webp", "c": "The Kremlin, Moscow · CC BY 4.0"}, "https://codexery.com/economic-concepts-models/e/economic-concepts-and-models/economies-of-scale/": {"t": "Economies of scale", "s": "Cost advantages obtained by enterprises due to their scale of operation."}, "https://codexery.com/magazines-newspapers/e/magazines-and-newspapers/fortune-magazine/": {"t": "Fortune (magazine)", "s": "The Ideal Super-Class Magazine"}, "https://codexery.com/historical-figures/e/notable/isaac-asimov/": {"t": "Isaac Asimov", "s": "One of the 'Big Three' science fiction writers, author of the Foundation series."}, "https://codexery.com/nonfiction-and-reference/e/part-1/textbook/": {"t": "Textbook", "s": "A 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macroeconomics and rational expectations."}, "https://codexery.com/media-and-publishing/e/media-and-publishing/the-wall-street-journal/": {"t": "The Wall Street Journal", "s": "American business newspaper, newspaper of record, center-right editorial page."}, "https://codexery.com/historical-figures/e/scientists/joseph-schumpeter/": {"t": "Joseph Schumpeter", "s": "Austrian political economist who popularized creative destruction"}, "https://codexery.com/american-nobel-laureates/e/laureates/wassily-leontief/": {"t": "Wassily Leontief", "s": "Russian-American economist who pioneered input–output analysis."}, "https://codexery.com/american-nobel-laureates/e/laureates/lawrence-klein/": {"t": "Lawrence Klein", "s": "Economist who pioneered econometric models for forecasting."}, "https://codexery.com/historical-figures/e/scientists/robert-c-merton/": {"t": "Robert C. Merton", "s": "Nobel laureate and pioneer of continuous-time finance"}, "https://codexery.com/historical-figures/e/scientists/milton-friedman/": {"t": "Milton Friedman", "s": "American economist and Nobel laureate who championed monetarism and free-market policies."}, "https://codexery.com/economic-concepts-and-schools/e/economic-concepts-and-schools/monetarism/": {"t": "Monetarism", "s": "Inflation is always and everywhere a monetary phenomenon."}, "https://codexery.com/fifa-world-cup/e/honours/poland/": {"t": "Poland", "s": "A Central European nation with a rich history, from the Piast dynasty to the Solidarity movement."}, "https://codexery.com/revolutions-and-conflicts/e/revolutions-and-conflicts/world-war-i/": {"t": "World War I", "s": "The First World War, a global conflict from 1914 to 1918, was fought between the Allied and Central Powers."}, "https://codexery.com/historical-figures/e/scientists/thomas-robert-malthus/": {"t": "Thomas Robert Malthus", "s": "English economist and cleric who argued that population growth tends to outpace food production, leading to a Malthusian trap."}, "https://codexery.com/economic-concepts-and-schools/e/economic-concepts-and-schools/neoclassical-economics/": {"t": "Neoclassical economics", "s": "Dominant microeconomic approach emphasizing supply, demand, and utility maximization."}, "https://codexery.com/economists-and-nobel-laureates/e/economists-and-nobel-laureates/alvin-hansen/": {"t": "Alvin Hansen", "s": "The American Keynes who brought Keynesian economics to the United States."}, "https://codexery.com/historical-figures/e/scientists/kenneth-arrow/": {"t": "Kenneth Arrow", "s": "American economist, mathematician and political theorist; Nobel laureate and pioneer of social choice theory and general equilibrium analysis."}, "https://codexery.com/historical-figures/e/scientists/larry-summers/": {"t": "Larry Summers", "s": "American economist, 71st Treasury Secretary, 27th Harvard president, and NEC director."}, "https://codexery.com/economists-and-nobel-laureates/e/economists-and-nobel-laureates/dale-t-mortensen/": {"t": "Dale T. 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source"}, "https://codexery.com/japanese-cities/e/japanese-cities/hiroshima/": {"t": "Hiroshima", "s": "First city targeted by a nuclear weapon in history."}, "https://codexery.com/cities/e/landmark-cities/madrid/": {"t": "Madrid", "s": "Capital of Spain, political, economic and cultural centre, and home to the Royal Palace and the Golden Triangle of Art."}, "https://codexery.com/finance-and-investment/e/finance-and-investment/financial-crisis/": {"t": "Financial crisis", "s": "A sudden loss of value in financial assets."}, "https://codexery.com/a24-films/e/people/academy-awards/": {"t": "Academy Awards", "s": "Annual awards for cinematic excellence since 1929."}, "https://codexery.com/historical-figures/e/scientists/fischer-black/": {"t": "Fischer Black", "s": "Co-author of the Black–Scholes model, CAPM contributor, and monetary theorist."}, "https://codexery.com/cities-of-the-world/e/cities-of-the-world/bhopal/": {"t": "Bhopal", "s": "Bhopal serves as the capital of Madhya Pradesh 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"https://codexery.com/universities-and-colleges/img/universities-and-colleges/goethe-university-frankfurt.webp", "c": "Sven · CC BY-SA 4.0"}, "https://codexery.com/universities-and-colleges/e/universities-and-colleges/free-university-of-berlin/": {"t": "Free University of Berlin", "s": "A public research university founded in West Berlin in 1948, known for its excellence and commitment to academic freedom.", "i": "https://codexery.com/universities-and-colleges/img/universities-and-colleges/free-university-of-berlin.webp", "c": "Gunnar Klack · CC BY-SA 4.0"}, "https://codexery.com/mathematicians/e/mathematicians/john-forbes-nash-jr/": {"t": "John Forbes Nash Jr.", "s": "American mathematician who revolutionized game theory and differential geometry."}, "https://codexery.com/cities-on-rivers/e/cities-on-rivers/wroc-aw/": {"t": "Wrocław", "s": "Historical capital of Silesia on the Oder River."}, "https://codexery.com/branches-of-christianity/e/branches-of-christianity/protestantism/": {"t": "Protestantism", "s": "Christian movement originating in the 16th-century Protestant Reformation."}, "https://codexery.com/economic-concepts-and-schools/e/economic-concepts-and-schools/physiocracy/": {"t": "Physiocracy", "s": "18th-century French economic theory emphasizing agriculture as sole wealth source."}, "https://codexery.com/historical-figures/e/notable/adam-smith/": {"t": "Adam Smith", "s": "Scottish economist and philosopher, father of modern economics"}, "https://codexery.com/historical-figures/e/scientists/fr-d-ric-bastiat/": {"t": "Frédéric Bastiat", "s": "French economist and free-market advocate"}, "https://codexery.com/economic-concepts-and-schools/e/economic-concepts-and-schools/mercantilism/": {"t": "Mercantilism", "s": "Economic policy maximizing exports and state power through trade regulation."}, "https://codexery.com/cities/e/coastal/amsterdam/": {"t": "Amsterdam", "s": "Venice of the North"}, "https://codexery.com/historical-figures/e/notable/john-locke/": {"t": "John Locke", "s": "Father of liberalism and influential Enlightenment thinker"}, "https://codexery.com/historical-figures/e/notable/cicero/": {"t": "Cicero", "s": "Roman statesman, orator, and philosopher who shaped Latin rhetoric and thought."}, "https://codexery.com/historical-figures/e/scientists/livy/": {"t": "Livy", "s": "Roman historian who wrote Ab Urbe Condita, a monumental history of Rome from its founding through the reign of Augustus."}, "https://codexery.com/scientists-and-mathematicians/e/scientists-and-mathematicians/pliny-the-elder/": {"t": "Pliny the Elder", "s": "Roman author and naturalist who wrote the encyclopedic Natural History and died rescuing others from Mount Vesuvius."}, "https://codexery.com/scientists-and-mathematicians/e/scientists-and-mathematicians/edmond-halley/": {"t": "Edmond Halley", "s": "English astronomer who predicted the return of Halley's Comet."}, "https://codexery.com/psychologists-and-education-theorists/e/psychologists-and-education-theorists/daniel-kahneman/": {"t": "Daniel Kahneman", "s": "Israeli-American psychologist and Nobel laureate known for work on judgment, decision-making, and behavioral economics."}, "https://codexery.com/whitney-houston/e/places/newark-new-jersey/": {"t": "Newark, New Jersey", "s": "The city where a gospel child first opened her mouth and changed pop music forever.", "i": "https://codexery.com/whitney-houston/img/places/newark-new-jersey.webp", "c": "via Wikipedia: Whitney Houston · see source"}, "https://codexery.com/cities/e/modern-metropolis/toronto/": {"t": "Toronto", "s": "Canada's largest city and a global hub of multiculturalism, finance, and culture."}, "https://codexery.com/philosophical-traditions/e/philosophical-traditions/bias/": {"t": "Bias", "s": "A systematic deviation from accurate judgment or fairness."}, "/e/economists-and-economic-thinkers/paul-krugman/": {"t": "Paul Krugman", 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exceed intrinsic value, often ending in crash."}, "https://codexery.com/economic-concepts/e/economic-concepts/econometrics/": {"t": "Econometrics", "s": "Statistical methods applied to economic data for empirical analysis."}, "https://codexery.com/construction-materials/e/construction-and-materials/arch/": {"t": "Arch", "s": "A curved structure spanning an opening, often load-bearing.", "i": "https://codexery.com/construction-materials/img/construction-and-materials/arch.webp", "c": "[https://www.flickr.com/photos/11399912@N00  B0iwehijro2i0-\n]\n\n`1l]] from Davis, CA, USA · via Wikipedia: Arch · CC BY 2.0"}, "https://codexery.com/economists-and-nobel-laureates/e/economists-and-nobel-laureates/clive-granger/": {"t": "Clive Granger", "s": "British econometrician and Nobel laureate in economic sciences."}, "https://codexery.com/graphs-and-data-visualization/e/graphs-and-data-visualization/time-series/": {"t": "Time series", "s": "A sequence of data points ordered chronologically.", "i": 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