[{"n": "Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms period", "u": "/e/dynasties-and-kingdoms/five-dynasties-and-ten-kingdoms-period/", "s": "An era of division and warfare in Imperial China."}, {"n": "Jin dynasty (266–420)", "u": "/e/dynasties-and-kingdoms/jin-dynasty-266-420/", "s": "The Jin dynasty: a reunified China divided by civil war and barbarian invasions."}, {"n": "Kingdom of Aragon", "u": "/e/dynasties-and-kingdoms/kingdom-of-aragon/", "s": "Medieval kingdom that formed the nucleus of modern Spain."}, {"n": "Konbaung dynasty", "u": "/e/dynasties-and-kingdoms/konbaung-dynasty/", "s": "The last dynasty of Burma, from 1752 to 1885."}, {"n": "Tang dynasty", "u": "/e/dynasties-and-kingdoms/tang-dynasty/", "s": "An imperial dynasty of China (618–907), regarded as a golden age of cosmopolitan culture and Chinese civilisat"}, {"n": "Yuan dynasty", "u": "/e/dynasties-and-kingdoms/yuan-dynasty/", "s": "Mongol-led dynasty that ruled all of China proper."}, {"n": "Zhou dynasty", "u": "/e/dynasties-and-kingdoms/zhou-dynasty/", "s": "The Zhou dynasty was a royal dynasty of China that ruled for 790 years, from approximately 1046 or 1045 BC unt"}, {"n": "Nguyễn dynasty", "u": "/e/dynasties-and-kingdoms/nguy-n-dynasty/", "s": "The Nguyễn dynasty, the final imperial family of Vietnam, was founded by the House of Nguyễn Phúc."}, {"n": "Old Chosŏn", "u": "/e/dynasties-and-kingdoms/old-chos-n/", "s": "First kingdom on the Korean Peninsula, founded by legendary Tan'gun."}, {"n": "Old Kingdom of Egypt", "u": "/e/dynasties-and-kingdoms/old-kingdom-of-egypt/", "s": "The Age of the Pyramids: Egypt's first golden age of pyramid-building and centralized rule."}, {"n": "Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth", "u": "/e/dynasties-and-kingdoms/polish-lithuanian-commonwealth/", "s": "A semi-federal, semi-confederal real union of Poland and Lithuania created in 1569."}, {"n": "Portuguese Empire", "u": "/e/dynasties-and-kingdoms/portuguese-empire/", "s": "The first and longest-lasting European colonial empire, spanning nearly 600 years from 1415 to 1999."}, {"n": "Roman Empire", "u": "/e/dynasties-and-kingdoms/roman-empire/", "s": "The ancient Roman Empire: from Augustus to the fall of Constantinople."}, {"n": "Roman Kingdom", "u": "/e/dynasties-and-kingdoms/roman-kingdom/", "s": "Earliest period of Roman history, ruled by kings."}, {"n": "Rurikids", "u": "/e/dynasties-and-kingdoms/rurikids/", "s": "The Rurik dynasty, also known as the Rurikids, was a noble lineage traditionally founded by the Varangian prin"}, {"n": "Safavid dynasty", "u": "/e/dynasties-and-kingdoms/safavid-dynasty/", "s": "The Safavid dynasty: founders of modern Iran and champions of Twelver Shi'ism."}, {"n": "Jin dynasty (1115–1234)", "u": "/e/dynasties-and-kingdoms/jin-dynasty-1115-1234/", "s": "The Jurchen-led Great Jin: gold, empire, and the first Chinese dynasty known in Europe."}, {"n": "Joseon", "u": "/e/dynasties-and-kingdoms/joseon/", "s": "A dynastic kingdom of Korea that existed for 505 years, founded in 1392 and replaced by the Korean Empire in 1"}, {"n": "Kingdom of Bohemia", "u": "/e/dynasties-and-kingdoms/kingdom-of-bohemia/", "s": "A medieval and early modern monarchy in Central Europe, predecessor of the modern Czech Republic."}, {"n": "Kingdom of Castile", "u": "/e/dynasties-and-kingdoms/kingdom-of-castile/", "s": "Medieval Iberian kingdom that expanded southward and united with León."}, {"n": "Kingdom of Kongo", "u": "/e/dynasties-and-kingdoms/kingdom-of-kongo/", "s": "Central African kingdom, independent for centuries, later a Portuguese vassal."}, {"n": "Kingdom of Sicily", "u": "/e/dynasties-and-kingdoms/kingdom-of-sicily/", "s": "A medieval kingdom spanning Sicily, southern Italy, and briefly North Africa."}, {"n": "Lê dynasty", "u": "/e/dynasties-and-kingdoms/l-dynasty/", "s": "Longest-ruling Vietnamese dynasty, marked by civil wars and Confucian reforms."}, {"n": "Liao dynasty", "u": "/e/dynasties-and-kingdoms/liao-dynasty/", "s": "A Khitan-led imperial dynasty that ruled from 916 to 1125, controlling Manchuria, Mongolia, and parts of Siber"}, {"n": "Merovingian dynasty", "u": "/e/dynasties-and-kingdoms/merovingian-dynasty/", "s": "The Merovingian family ruled the Franks from the mid-5th century until 751, when Pepin the Short took over."}, {"n": "Ming dynasty", "u": "/e/dynasties-and-kingdoms/ming-dynasty/", "s": "The Ming dynasty, officially the Great Ming, was the last imperial dynasty of China ruled by the Han people, t"}, {"n": "Nerva–Antonine dynasty", "u": "/e/dynasties-and-kingdoms/nerva-antonine-dynasty/", "s": "The Nerva–Antonine dynasty consisted of seven Roman emperors ruling from 96 to 192 AD: Nerva, Trajan, Hadrian,"}, {"n": "Northern and Southern dynasties", "u": "/e/dynasties-and-kingdoms/northern-and-southern-dynasties/", "s": "Period of division, cultural growth, and technological advance."}, {"n": "Qing dynasty", "u": "/e/dynasties-and-kingdoms/qing-dynasty/", "s": "The Qing dynasty, also called the Great Qing or Qing China, was an early modern empire in East Asia ruled by t"}, {"n": "Roman Republic", "u": "/e/dynasties-and-kingdoms/roman-republic/", "s": "Elective oligarchy that dominated the Mediterranean through near-constant war."}, {"n": "Russian Empire", "u": "/e/dynasties-and-kingdoms/russian-empire/", "s": "Third-largest empire in history, spanning northern Eurasia."}, {"n": "Sixteen Kingdoms", "u": "/e/dynasties-and-kingdoms/sixteen-kingdoms/", "s": "Non-Han rulers governed northern China before reunification by the Northern Wei."}, {"n": "Sokoto Caliphate", "u": "/e/dynasties-and-kingdoms/sokoto-caliphate/", "s": "A Sunni Muslim caliphate founded by Usman dan Fodio in 1804."}, {"n": "Spanish Empire", "u": "/e/dynasties-and-kingdoms/spanish-empire/", "s": "A global colonial empire spanning four centuries and multiple continents."}, {"n": "Sultanate of Rum", "u": "/e/dynasties-and-kingdoms/sultanate-of-rum/", "s": "Turco-Persian Sunni sultanate in Anatolia, founded after Manzikert."}, {"n": "Three Kingdoms", "u": "/e/dynasties-and-kingdoms/three-kingdoms/", "s": "A partial revival of the old three kingdoms in early medieval Korea."}]