[{"n": "Duchy of Brittany", "u": "/e/duchies-and-electorates-of-the-holy-roman-empire/duchy-of-brittany/", "s": "A medieval duchy on the northwestern peninsula of France, never part of the Holy Roman Empire."}, {"n": "Duchy of Burgundy", "u": "/e/duchies-and-electorates-of-the-holy-roman-empire/duchy-of-burgundy/", "s": "A medieval duchy of the Kingdom of France, ruled by dukes from 918, later a core of the Burgundian State."}, {"n": "Duchy of Milan", "u": "/e/duchies-and-electorates-of-the-holy-roman-empire/duchy-of-milan/", "s": "A major Renaissance state contested by Habsburgs and France."}, {"n": "Duchy of Savoy", "u": "/e/duchies-and-electorates-of-the-holy-roman-empire/duchy-of-savoy/", "s": "A composite monarchy of the Holy Roman Empire, from 1416 to 1847."}, {"n": "Duchy of Spoleto", "u": "/e/duchies-and-electorates-of-the-holy-roman-empire/duchy-of-spoleto/", "s": "A Lombard duchy controlling central Italy's strategic Via Flaminia."}, {"n": "Duchy of Urbino", "u": "/e/duchies-and-electorates-of-the-holy-roman-empire/duchy-of-urbino/", "s": "The Duchy of Urbino was an independent state in early modern central Italy, covering what is now the northern "}, {"n": "Electoral Palatinate", "u": "/e/duchies-and-electorates-of-the-holy-roman-empire/electoral-palatinate/", "s": "A key electoral state of the Holy Roman Empire."}, {"n": "Electorate of Cologne", "u": "/e/duchies-and-electorates-of-the-holy-roman-empire/electorate-of-cologne/", "s": "Ecclesiastical principality of the Holy Roman Empire."}, {"n": "Electorate of Mainz", "u": "/e/duchies-and-electorates-of-the-holy-roman-empire/electorate-of-mainz/", "s": "One of the most prestigious states of the Holy Roman Empire."}, {"n": "Electorate of Saxony", "u": "/e/duchies-and-electorates-of-the-holy-roman-empire/electorate-of-saxony/", "s": "A key electorate of the Holy Roman Empire, centered on Saxe-Wittenberg."}, {"n": "Electorate of Trier", "u": "/e/duchies-and-electorates-of-the-holy-roman-empire/electorate-of-trier/", "s": "Ecclesiastical principality and electorate of the Holy Roman Empire."}]