[{"n": "Allais effect", "u": "/e/discovery-and-invention-controversies/allais-effect/", "s": "Alleged pendulum anomaly during solar eclipses, first reported by Maurice Allais."}, {"n": "Edwin Howard Armstrong", "u": "/e/discovery-and-invention-controversies/edwin-howard-armstrong/", "s": "Inventor of FM radio and superheterodyne receiver system."}, {"n": "Benveniste affair", "u": "/e/discovery-and-invention-controversies/benveniste-affair/", "s": "Controversy over high-dilution experiments that seemed to support homeopathy."}, {"n": "Emile Berliner", "u": "/e/discovery-and-invention-controversies/emile-berliner/", "s": "Inventor of the gramophone record and early helicopter pioneer."}, {"n": "Coandă-1910", "u": "/e/discovery-and-invention-controversies/coand-1910/", "s": "Unconventional sesquiplane with ducted fan, not a jet."}, {"n": "Controversy over Cantor's theory", "u": "/e/discovery-and-invention-controversies/controversy-over-cantor-s-theory/", "s": "Cantor's set theory was controversial but later largely accepted."}, {"n": "Raymond Damadian", "u": "/e/discovery-and-invention-controversies/raymond-damadian/", "s": "American physician who invented the first NMR scanning machine."}, {"n": "Lancelot de Mole", "u": "/e/discovery-and-invention-controversies/lancelot-de-mole/", "s": "Australian engineer whose pioneering tracked vehicle design was recognized by a Royal Commission as brilliant "}, {"n": "Dean drive", "u": "/e/discovery-and-invention-controversies/dean-drive/", "s": "Claimed reactionless drive that violated Newton's third law."}, {"n": "Early flying machines", "u": "/e/discovery-and-invention-controversies/early-flying-machines/", "s": "Early flying machines span legends, kites, balloons, and Renaissance designs, with many claims debated by hist"}, {"n": "Energy Catalyzer", "u": "/e/discovery-and-invention-controversies/energy-catalyzer/", "s": "Controversial cold fusion device lacking independent verification."}, {"n": "Claims to the first airplane flight", "u": "/e/discovery-and-invention-controversies/claims-to-the-first-airplane-flight/", "s": "Multiple aviators claimed first powered flight, sparking lasting debate."}, {"n": "General relativity priority dispute", "u": "/e/discovery-and-invention-controversies/general-relativity-priority-dispute/", "s": "The priority dispute over the field equations of general relativity, centered on November 1915."}, {"n": "GIF", "u": "/e/discovery-and-invention-controversies/gif/", "s": "A bitmap format enabling color images and animations on the web."}, {"n": "Lyman Gilmore", "u": "/e/discovery-and-invention-controversies/lyman-gilmore/", "s": "American aviation pioneer who claimed an early steam-powered flight."}, {"n": "Guanahani", "u": "/e/discovery-and-invention-controversies/guanahani/", "s": "The first landfall of Columbus in the New World, its exact identity remains a mystery."}, {"n": "Heroic theory of invention and scientific development", "u": "/e/discovery-and-invention-controversies/heroic-theory-of-invention-and-scientific-development/", "s": "View that inventions stem from unique heroic geniuses."}, {"n": "Innovation Act", "u": "/e/discovery-and-invention-controversies/innovation-act/", "s": "House-passed bill to reduce patent lawsuits, stalled in Senate."}, {"n": "Vladislav Ivanov (physicist)", "u": "/e/discovery-and-invention-controversies/vladislav-ivanov-physicist/", "s": "Soviet physicist who first proposed MRI principles in 1959."}, {"n": "Jet engine", "u": "/e/discovery-and-invention-controversies/jet-engine/", "s": "Reaction engine discharging heated gas to produce thrust."}, {"n": "Louis Le Prince", "u": "/e/discovery-and-invention-controversies/louis-le-prince/", "s": "Early motion-picture pioneer whose disappearance shrouded his legacy."}, {"n": "Lempel–Ziv–Welch", "u": "/e/discovery-and-invention-controversies/lempel-ziv-welch/", "s": "Universal lossless compression algorithm published by Welch in 1984."}, {"n": "LK-99", "u": "/e/discovery-and-invention-controversies/lk-99/", "s": "A purported room-temperature superconductor that proved to be an insulator."}, {"n": "Bone Wars", "u": "/e/discovery-and-invention-controversies/bone-wars/", "s": "A Gilded Age rivalry that unearthed 142 dinosaur species."}, {"n": "Carbon nanotube", "u": "/e/discovery-and-invention-controversies/carbon-nanotube/", "s": "Carbon nanotubes are nanoscale tubes with remarkable strength and conductivity."}, {"n": "Cold fusion", "u": "/e/discovery-and-invention-controversies/cold-fusion/", "s": "Hypothesized room-temperature nuclear reaction, controversial since 1989."}, {"n": "Controversy over the discovery of Haumea", "u": "/e/discovery-and-invention-controversies/controversy-over-the-discovery-of-haumea/", "s": "A dwarf planet whose discovery was first of the IAU-recognized dwarf planets to be discovered since Pluto in 1"}, {"n": "Elisha Gray and Alexander Bell telephone controversy", "u": "/e/discovery-and-invention-controversies/elisha-gray-and-alexander-bell-telephone-controversy/", "s": "Dispute over priority in telephone invention."}, {"n": "EmDrive", "u": "/e/discovery-and-invention-controversies/emdrive/", "s": "Controversial reactionless drive concept refuted by experiments."}, {"n": "Gongylonema neoplasticum", "u": "/e/discovery-and-invention-controversies/gongylonema-neoplasticum/", "s": "Roundworm linked to a Nobel Prize later deemed erroneous."}, {"n": "Gordon Gould", "u": "/e/discovery-and-invention-controversies/gordon-gould/", "s": "Physicist who fought thirty years for laser patents."}, {"n": "Incandescent light bulb", "u": "/e/discovery-and-invention-controversies/incandescent-light-bulb/", "s": "The incandescent light bulb: a heated filament in a vacuum or inert gas, producing light by incandescence."}, {"n": "Integrated circuit", "u": "/e/discovery-and-invention-controversies/integrated-circuit/", "s": "Compact electronic circuits on a semiconductor chip revolutionized modern technology."}, {"n": "Invention of radio", "u": "/e/discovery-and-invention-controversies/invention-of-radio/", "s": "Radio emerged from theoretical physics into practical wireless communication."}, {"n": "Invention of the integrated circuit", "u": "/e/discovery-and-invention-controversies/invention-of-the-integrated-circuit/", "s": "Multiple inventors contributed to the integrated circuit's creation."}, {"n": "Jacques Benveniste", "u": "/e/discovery-and-invention-controversies/jacques-benveniste/", "s": "French immunologist who discovered PAF and sparked the water memory debate."}, {"n": "JPEG", "u": "/e/discovery-and-invention-controversies/jpeg/", "s": "Joint Photographic Experts Group created the dominant image compression standard in 1992."}, {"n": "Robert Kearns", "u": "/e/discovery-and-invention-controversies/robert-kearns/", "s": "Inventor of the intermittent windshield wiper system."}]