{"/e/critics-of-parapsychology/chris-french/": {"t": "Chris French", "s": "British psychologist and skeptic of paranormal claims."}, "https://codexery.com/beliefs-and-practices/e/beliefs-and-practices/parapsychology/": {"t": "Parapsychology", "s": "Study of alleged psychic phenomena, criticized as pseudoscience."}, "https://codexery.com/performance-arts/e/performance-arts/stage-hypnosis/": {"t": "Stage hypnosis", "s": "Entertainment hypnosis with disputed causes and historical roots."}, "https://codexery.com/probability-statistics/e/probability-and-statistics/null-hypothesis/": {"t": "Null hypothesis", "s": "Default hypothesis tested in statistical significance tests."}, "https://codexery.com/people-with-myalgic-encephalomyelitis/e/people-with-myalgic-encephalomyelitis-chronic-fatigue-syndro/susan-blackmore/": {"t": "Susan Blackmore", "s": "British sceptic, writer, and memetics researcher."}, "https://codexery.com/eminem/e/people/recovery-eminem-album/": {"t": "Recovery (Eminem album)", "s": "Eminem's seventh studio album, a commercial and critical comeback."}, "https://codexery.com/inflammatory-diseases-of-the-digestive-s/e/inflammatory-diseases-of-the-digestive-system/appendicitis/": {"t": "Appendicitis", "s": "Inflammation of the appendix, a common surgical emergency.", "i": "https://codexery.com/inflammatory-diseases-of-the-digestive-s/img/inflammatory-diseases-of-the-digestive-system/appendicitis.webp", "c": "CoRus13 · CC BY-SA 4.0"}, "https://codexery.com/italian-jazz-musicians/e/italian-jazz-musicians/franco-cerri/": {"t": "Franco Cerri", "s": "Italian guitarist and double bassist who performed with jazz legends."}, "https://codexery.com/auteur-film-directors/e/auteur-film-directors/roberto-rossellini/": {"t": "Roberto Rossellini", "s": "Pioneer of Italian neorealism and master of humanist cinema.", "i": "https://codexery.com/auteur-film-directors/img/auteur-film-directors/roberto-rossellini.webp", "c": "via Wikipedia: Roberto Rossellini · see source"}, "https://codexery.com/extinct-archosaurs/e/extinct-archosaurs/dinosaur/": {"t": "Dinosaur", "s": "Dinosaurs are a diverse group of warmblooded reptiles of the clade Dinosauria."}, "https://codexery.com/cities/e/capitals/rome/": {"t": "Rome", "s": "The Eternal City, capital of Italy and cradle of Western civilization."}, "https://codexery.com/major-wars/e/major-wars/second-world-war/": {"t": "Second World War", "s": "Global conflict between Allies and Axis, deadliest in history."}, "https://codexery.com/medical-specialties/e/medical-specialties/psychiatry/": {"t": "Psychiatry", "s": "Medical specialty treating mental disorders via diagnosis and therapy."}, "https://codexery.com/medical-conditions/e/medical-conditions/hallucination/": {"t": "Hallucination", "s": "A perception in the absence of an external stimulus, with the compelling sense of reality."}, "https://codexery.com/sleep-in-mythology-and-folklore/e/sleep-in-mythology-and-folklore/sleep-paralysis/": {"t": "Sleep paralysis", "s": "A conscious paralysis during sleep-wake transitions, often with hallucinations."}, "https://codexery.com/mental-health-psychology/e/mental-health-and-psychology/altered-state-of-consciousness/": {"t": "Altered state of consciousness", "s": "A temporary mental state differing from normal waking consciousness.", "i": "https://codexery.com/mental-health-psychology/img/mental-health-and-psychology/altered-state-of-consciousness.webp", "c": "missing name · Public domain"}, "https://codexery.com/religious-practices-and-symbols/e/religious-practices-and-symbols/iconoclasm/": {"t": "Iconoclasm", "s": "The belief in the importance of destroying icons and images, often for religious or political reasons."}, "https://codexery.com/symptoms-and-signs-of-mental-disorders/e/symptoms-and-signs-of-mental-disorders/dissociation-psychology/": {"t": "Dissociation (psychology)", "s": "A detachment from reality, not a false perception of it."}, "https://codexery.com/philosophical-concepts-and-theories/e/philosophical-concepts-and-theories/mind-body-problem/": {"t": "Mind–body problem", "s": "Philosophical problem of how mind and body relate."}, "https://codexery.com/cities/e/landmark-cities/new-york-city/": {"t": "New York City", "s": "The most populous city in the United States, a global center of finance, culture, and diplomacy."}, "https://codexery.com/medical-specialties/e/medical-specialties/neurology/": {"t": "Neurology", "s": "Branch of medicine for nervous system disorders.", "i": "https://codexery.com/medical-specialties/img/medical-specialties/neurology.webp", "c": "Internet Archive Book Images · No restrictions"}, "https://codexery.com/pain/e/pain/headache/": {"t": "Headache", "s": "Pain in the head, face, or neck; often benign but sometimes serious."}, "https://codexery.com/common-diseases-disorders/e/common-diseases-and-disorders/erectile-dysfunction/": {"t": "Erectile dysfunction", "s": "Most common male sexual dysfunction, treatable with lifestyle and medication."}, "https://codexery.com/pain/e/pain/neuralgia/": {"t": "Neuralgia", "s": "Pain along a nerve's path, often severe and difficult to treat."}, "https://codexery.com/animal-anatomy/e/animal-anatomy/central-nervous-system/": {"t": "Central nervous system", "s": "Central nervous system integrates and coordinates body activity."}, "https://codexery.com/legal-systems-concepts/e/legal-systems-and-concepts/capital-punishment/": {"t": "Capital punishment", "s": "State-sanctioned killing as punishment for misconduct."}, "https://codexery.com/forms-of-government/e/forms-of-government/president-of-the-united-states/": {"t": "President of the United States", "s": "Head of state and government of the United States."}, "https://codexery.com/christian-church-bodies/e/christian-church-bodies/congregationalism/": {"t": "Congregationalism", "s": "A Reformed tradition of self-governing congregations rooted in Puritanism."}, "https://codexery.com/rebellions-against-the-united-states/e/rebellions-against-the-united-states/american-civil-war/": {"t": "American Civil War", "s": "Civil war between the Union and Confederacy over slavery and secession."}, "https://codexery.com/culture-bound-syndromes/e/culture-bound-syndromes/jumping-frenchmen-of-maine/": {"t": "Jumping Frenchmen of Maine", "s": "19th-century lumberjacks with an exaggerated startle reflex of unknown origin."}, "https://codexery.com/inventors/e/great-inventors/thomas-edison/": {"t": "Thomas Edison", "s": "The Wizard of Menlo Park who lit up the world", "i": "https://codexery.com/inventors/img/great-inventors/thomas-edison.webp", "c": "via Wikipedia: Thomas Edison · see source"}, "https://codexery.com/paranormal/e/paranormal/paranormal/": {"t": "Paranormal", "s": "Phenomena described as beyond normal scientific understanding."}, "/e/critics-of-parapsychology/james-alcock/": {"t": "James Alcock", "s": "Canadian psychologist and prominent critic of parapsychology."}, "https://codexery.com/misconceptions/e/misconceptions/ten-percent-of-the-brain-myth/": {"t": "Ten-percent-of-the-brain myth", "s": "The myth that humans use only ten percent of their brains."}, "https://codexery.com/magazines/e/magazines/consumer-reports/": {"t": "Consumer Reports", "s": "Independent testing, advocacy, and consumer protection since 1936.", "i": "https://codexery.com/magazines/img/magazines/consumer-reports.webp", "c": "Consumer Reports, Inc. · CC BY-SA 4.0"}, "/e/critics-of-parapsychology/martin-gardner/": {"t": "Martin Gardner", "s": "Prolific skeptic and popularizer of recreational mathematics."}, "https://codexery.com/legendary-showmen-occultists-and-hoaxers/e/legendary-showmen-occultists-and-hoaxers/daniel-dunglas-home/": {"t": "Daniel Dunglas Home", "s": "Scottish physical medium with reported abilities to levitate, speak with the dead, and produce rapping and knocks.", "i": "https://codexery.com/legendary-showmen-occultists-and-hoaxers/img/legendary-showmen-occultists-and-hoaxers/daniel-dunglas-home.webp", "c": "via Wikipedia: Daniel Dunglas Home · see source"}, "https://codexery.com/magazines/e/magazines/new-scientist/": {"t": "New Scientist", "s": "Weekly magazine covering science, technology, and their implications.", "i": "https://codexery.com/magazines/img/magazines/new-scientist.webp", "c": "Rajvo · CC BY-SA 4.0"}, "https://codexery.com/universities/e/universities/mcgill-university/": {"t": "McGill University", "s": "English-language public research university in Montreal, founded 1821."}, "https://codexery.com/philosophical-concepts-and-theories/e/philosophical-concepts-and-theories/materialism/": {"t": "Materialism", "s": "Matter is the fundamental substance of nature."}, "https://codexery.com/revolutions-and-conflicts/e/revolutions-and-conflicts/world-war-i/": {"t": "World War I", "s": "The First World War, a global conflict from 1914 to 1918, was fought between the Allied and Central Powers."}, "https://codexery.com/cities-and-urban-areas/e/cities-and-urban-areas/montreal/": {"t": "Montreal", "s": "Montreal (French: Montréal) sits as Quebec’s biggest city, Canada’s second-largest, and North America’s eighth-largest."}, "https://codexery.com/historical-figures/e/scientists/willard-van-orman-quine/": {"t": "Willard Van Orman Quine", "s": "American logician and philosopher who developed naturalized epistemology"}, "https://codexery.com/languages-and-writing-systems/e/languages-and-writing-systems/semantics/": {"t": "Semantics", "s": "The study of linguistic meaning, from words to worlds."}, "https://codexery.com/philosophical-concepts/e/philosophical-concepts/epistemology/": {"t": "Epistemology", "s": "Philosophical study of knowledge, its sources, and its limits."}, "https://codexery.com/philosophical-movements-and-schools/e/philosophical-movements-and-schools/rationalism/": {"t": "Rationalism", "s": "Epistemological view that reason is the chief source of knowledge."}, "https://codexery.com/philosophical-traditions/e/philosophical-traditions/consequentialism/": {"t": "Consequentialism", "s": "Ethical theory judging acts by their consequences."}, "https://codexery.com/philosophical-concepts-and-theories/e/philosophical-concepts-and-theories/logical-positivism/": {"t": "Logical positivism", "s": "A movement seeking scientific philosophy through empirical verification."}, "https://codexery.com/philosophical-concepts-and-theories/e/philosophical-concepts-and-theories/metaphysics/": {"t": "Metaphysics", "s": "Study of the most fundamental structure of reality."}, "https://codexery.com/political-and-social-theorists/e/political-and-social-theorists/robert-k-merton/": {"t": "Robert K. Merton", "s": "Founding father of modern sociology and criminology.", "i": "https://codexery.com/political-and-social-theorists/img/political-and-social-theorists/robert-k-merton.webp", "c": "William Francis Prideaux · Public domain"}, "https://codexery.com/philosophers-thinkers/e/philosophers-and-thinkers/karl-popper/": {"t": "Karl Popper", "s": "Philosopher of science who championed falsifiability and the open society."}, "https://codexery.com/biologists-naturalists/e/biologists-and-naturalists/richard-dawkins/": {"t": "Richard Dawkins", "s": "Evolutionary biologist and prominent atheist author.", "i": "https://codexery.com/biologists-naturalists/img/biologists-and-naturalists/richard-dawkins.webp", "c": "Steve Jurvetson · via Wikipedia: Richard Dawkins · CC BY 2.0"}, "https://codexery.com/historical-figures/e/scientists/daniel-dennett/": {"t": "Daniel Dennett", "s": "American philosopher and cognitive scientist"}, "https://codexery.com/media-and-publishing/e/media-and-publishing/science-journal/": {"t": "Science (journal)", "s": "Peer-reviewed journal of the AAAS, covering all scientific disciplines."}, "https://codexery.com/religious-traditions/e/religious-traditions/unitarianism/": {"t": "Unitarianism", "s": "Nontrinitarian Christian movement affirming the unitary nature of God."}, "https://codexery.com/algae-and-protists/e/algae-and-protists/foraminifera/": {"t": "Foraminifera", "s": "Single-celled protists with intricate shells, key to Earth's history."}, "https://codexery.com/science-measurement/e/science-and-measurement/microscope/": {"t": "Microscope", "s": "Instrument for viewing objects invisible to the naked eye.", "i": "https://codexery.com/science-measurement/img/science-and-measurement/microscope.webp", "c": "Chad Anderson, staff photographer for SFO Museum · CC BY-SA 2.0"}, "https://codexery.com/scientists-and-mathematicians/e/scientists-and-mathematicians/charles-darwin/": {"t": "Charles Darwin", "s": "English naturalist, geologist, and biologist who proposed the theory of evolution by natural selection."}, "https://codexery.com/historical-figures/e/scientists/ren-descartes/": {"t": "René Descartes", "s": "Father of modern philosophy and analytic geometry"}, "https://codexery.com/psychology/e/psychology/hypnosis/": {"t": "Hypnosis", "s": "A state of focused attention and heightened suggestibility."}, "https://codexery.com/parapsychology/e/parapsychology/ideomotor-phenomenon/": {"t": "Ideomotor phenomenon", "s": "Unconscious muscular response to mental imagery or ideas."}, "https://codexery.com/theological-and-philosophical-debates/e/theological-and-philosophical-debates/atheism/": {"t": "Atheism", "s": "Atheism is the absence or rejection of belief in deities."}, "https://codexery.com/branches-of-christianity/e/branches-of-christianity/catholic-church/": {"t": "Catholic Church", "s": "The largest Christian church, with 1.28 to 1.41 billion baptized members.", "i": "https://codexery.com/branches-of-christianity/img/branches-of-christianity/catholic-church.webp", "c": "via Wikipedia: Christianity by country · see source"}, "https://codexery.com/branches-of-christianity/e/branches-of-christianity/anglicanism/": {"t": "Anglicanism", "s": "A Western Christian tradition rooted in the Church of England."}, "https://codexery.com/theological-and-philosophical-debates/e/theological-and-philosophical-debates/apostasy/": {"t": "Apostasy", "s": "Formal renunciation of a religion or belief."}, "https://codexery.com/hindu-and-buddhist-masters/e/hindu-and-buddhist-masters/paramahansa-yogananda/": {"t": "Paramahansa Yogananda", "s": "Indian monk who brought yoga and meditation to the West."}, "https://codexery.com/historical-figures/e/scientists/s-ren-kierkegaard/": {"t": "Søren Kierkegaard", "s": "Danish philosopher, theologian, and first existentialist"}, "https://codexery.com/mental-health-psychology/e/mental-health-and-psychology/cognitive-bias/": {"t": "Cognitive bias", "s": "Systematic deviations from rational judgment in human decision-making.", "i": "https://codexery.com/mental-health-psychology/img/mental-health-and-psychology/cognitive-bias.webp", "c": "BiblioMorphosis · CC BY 4.0"}, "https://codexery.com/philosophical-concepts-and-theories/e/philosophical-concepts-and-theories/formal-fallacy/": {"t": "Formal fallacy", "s": "A flaw in logical structure making an argument invalid."}, "https://codexery.com/holiday-characters/e/holiday-characters/santa-claus/": {"t": "Santa Claus", "s": "Legendary gift-bringer on Christmas Eve, rooted in Saint Nicholas."}, "https://codexery.com/philosophical-concepts/e/philosophical-concepts/critical-thinking/": {"t": "Critical thinking", "s": "Analyzing facts and arguments to form rational judgments."}, "https://codexery.com/miscellaneous-birds/e/miscellaneous-birds/grey-parrot/": {"t": "Grey parrot", "s": "An African parrot known for intelligence and mimicry."}, "https://codexery.com/legendary-showmen-occultists-and-hoaxers/e/legendary-showmen-occultists-and-hoaxers/ian-stevenson/": {"t": "Ian Stevenson", "s": "Psychiatrist who studied children's past-life memories.", "i": "https://codexery.com/legendary-showmen-occultists-and-hoaxers/img/legendary-showmen-occultists-and-hoaxers/ian-stevenson.webp", "c": "via Wikipedia: Ian Stevenson · see source"}, "https://codexery.com/performance-arts/e/performance-arts/magic-illusion/": {"t": "Magic (illusion)", "s": "Performing art of seemingly impossible feats using natural means."}, "https://codexery.com/performing-arts-crafts/e/performing-arts-and-crafts/mentalism/": {"t": "Mentalism", "s": "Mentalism is a performing art using psychology and conjuring."}, "https://codexery.com/miscellaneous-philosophy-and-religion/e/miscellaneous-philosophy-and-religion/extrasensory-perception/": {"t": "Extrasensory perception", "s": "Claimed paranormal perception beyond the five physical senses."}, "https://codexery.com/media-and-publishing/e/media-and-publishing/publishing/": {"t": "Publishing", "s": "Industry making content available to the public in print and digital forms."}, "https://codexery.com/literary-forms-tropes/e/literary-forms-and-tropes/author/": {"t": "Author", "s": "Creator of original published works, holding exclusive copyright."}, "https://codexery.com/fifa-world-cup/e/culture/london/": {"t": "London", "s": "A global city on the Thames, London blends nearly 2,000 years of history with a vibrant, multicultural present."}, "https://codexery.com/parapsychology/e/parapsychology/college-of-psychic-studies/": {"t": "College of Psychic Studies", "s": "Non-profit studying psychic and spiritualist phenomena since 1884."}, "https://codexery.com/branches-of-christianity/e/branches-of-christianity/baptists/": {"t": "Baptists", "s": "Protestant tradition emphasizing believer's baptism and local church autonomy."}, "https://codexery.com/philosophers-thinkers/e/philosophers-and-thinkers/herbert-spencer/": {"t": "Herbert Spencer", "s": "Polymath who coined 'survival of the fittest' and applied evolution broadly.", "i": "https://codexery.com/philosophers-thinkers/img/philosophers-and-thinkers/herbert-spencer.webp", "c": "not stated · Public domain"}, "https://codexery.com/miscellaneous-philosophy-and-religion/e/miscellaneous-philosophy-and-religion/genesis-creation-narrative/": {"t": "Genesis creation narrative", "s": "Composite creation myth from two biblical sources."}, "https://codexery.com/folklore-studies/e/folklore-studies/the-folklore-society/": {"t": "The Folklore Society", "s": "Learned society for the study of traditional vernacular culture."}, "https://codexery.com/authors-poets/e/authors-and-poets/omar-khayyam/": {"t": "Omar Khayyam", "s": "Persian poet and polymath who revolutionized algebra and astronomy."}, "https://codexery.com/painters-visual-artists/e/painters-and-visual-artists/william-holman-hunt/": {"t": "William Holman Hunt", "s": "English painter and co-founder of the Pre-Raphaelite Brotherhood.", "i": "https://codexery.com/painters-visual-artists/img/painters-and-visual-artists/william-holman-hunt.webp", "c": "via Wikipedia: William Holman Hunt · see source"}, "https://codexery.com/historical-figures/e/notable/h-g-wells/": {"t": "H. G. Wells", "s": "English writer and prophetic social critic."}, "https://codexery.com/beliefs-and-practices/e/beliefs-and-practices/superstition/": {"t": "Superstition", "s": "Beliefs considered irrational or supernatural by non-practitioners."}, "https://codexery.com/universities-and-colleges/e/universities-and-colleges/harvard-university/": {"t": "Harvard University", "s": "Oldest institution of higher learning in the United States.", "i": "https://codexery.com/universities-and-colleges/img/universities-and-colleges/harvard-university.webp", "c": "Harvard University · via Wikipedia: Harvard University · Public domain"}, "https://codexery.com/miscellaneous-philosophy-and-religion/e/miscellaneous-philosophy-and-religion/intelligent-design/": {"t": "Intelligent design", "s": "A pseudoscientific argument for the existence of God."}, "https://codexery.com/genetics-fundamentals/e/genetics-fundamentals/population-genetics/": {"t": "Population genetics", "s": "Subfield of genetics studying genetic differences within and among populations."}, "https://codexery.com/major-wars/e/major-wars/vietnam-war/": {"t": "Vietnam War", "s": "Cold War proxy war ending in communist victory across Indochina."}, "https://codexery.com/media-and-publishing/e/media-and-publishing/nature-journal/": {"t": "Nature (journal)", "s": "British weekly journal of peer-reviewed natural science research.", "i": "https://codexery.com/media-and-publishing/img/media-and-publishing/nature-journal.webp", "c": "ESO/M. Kornmesser (photo displayed on the magazine cover) · via Wikipedia: Nature (journal) · CC BY 4.0"}, "https://codexery.com/media-and-publishing/e/media-and-publishing/the-new-york-times/": {"t": "The New York Times", "s": "The Gray Lady, a U.S."}, "https://codexery.com/genetics-fundamentals/e/genetics-fundamentals/quantitative-genetics/": {"t": "Quantitative genetics", "s": "Study of continuously varying phenotypes and their genetic basis."}, "https://codexery.com/biochemistry-and-cell-biology/e/biochemistry-and-cell-biology/chromosome/": {"t": "Chromosome", "s": "A chromosome is a package of DNA containing part or all of the genetic material of an organism."}, "https://codexery.com/fifa-world-cup/e/honours/ecuador/": {"t": "Ecuador", "s": "A megadiverse nation straddling the equator, from the Andes to the Galápagos."}, "https://codexery.com/philosophical-concepts-and-theories/e/philosophical-concepts-and-theories/metaphysical-naturalism/": {"t": "Metaphysical naturalism", "s": "Worldview that only natural elements and laws exist."}, "https://codexery.com/journalists-commentators/e/journalists-and-commentators/bill-nye/": {"t": "Bill Nye", "s": "Science educator and former engineer turned TV host.", "i": "https://codexery.com/journalists-commentators/img/journalists-and-commentators/bill-nye.webp", "c": "via Wikipedia: Bill Nye · see source"}, "https://codexery.com/philosophical-concepts/e/philosophical-concepts/determinism/": {"t": "Determinism", "s": "The view that all events occur in only one possible way."}, "https://codexery.com/english-counties/e/english-counties/lancashire/": {"t": "Lancashire", "s": "A ceremonial county in North West England, bordered by Cumbria, North Yorkshire, West Yorkshire, Greater Manchester, Merseyside, and the Irish Sea."}, "https://codexery.com/parapsychology/e/parapsychology/materialization-paranormal/": {"t": "Materialization (paranormal)", "s": "Purported creation of matter from unknown sources, often exposed as fraud."}, "/e/critics-of-parapsychology/trevor-h-hall/": {"t": "Trevor H. Hall", "s": "British skeptic who challenged early psychical research figures."}, "https://codexery.com/chemists-and-biochemists/e/chemists-and-biochemists/william-crookes/": {"t": "William Crookes", "s": "English chemist and physicist, discoverer of thallium, pioneer of vacuum tubes and plasma physics.", "i": "https://codexery.com/chemists-and-biochemists/img/chemists-and-biochemists/william-crookes.webp", "c": "George Charles Beresford (1864-1938) · via Wikipedia: William Crookes · Public domain"}, "https://codexery.com/spirits/e/spirits/ectoplasm-paranormal/": {"t": "Ectoplasm (paranormal)", "s": "A disputed spiritual substance, often exposed as fraudulent.", "i": "https://codexery.com/spirits/img/spirits/ectoplasm-paranormal.webp", "c": "No machine-readable author provided. TheOne~commonswiki assumed (based on copyri · Public domain"}, "https://codexery.com/companies-and-conglomerates/e/companies-and-conglomerates/ebay/": {"t": "EBay", "s": "American e-commerce company enabling online auctions and fixed-price sales."}, "https://codexery.com/stock-markets-finance/e/stock-markets-and-finance/venture-capital/": {"t": "Venture capital", "s": "Private equity financing for high-growth, early-stage companies."}, "https://codexery.com/communication-and-media/e/communication-and-media/television/": {"t": "Television", "s": "A telecommunication medium for transmitting moving images and sound."}, "https://codexery.com/christopher-nolan/e/people/rko-pictures/": {"t": "RKO Pictures", "s": "One of Hollywood's Big Five studios from the Golden Age."}, "https://codexery.com/historical-figures/e/notable/franklin-d-roosevelt/": {"t": "Franklin D. Roosevelt", "s": "32nd US president who led the nation through the Great Depression and World War II."}, "https://codexery.com/media-and-publishing/e/media-and-publishing/scientific-american/": {"t": "Scientific American", "s": "Oldest continuously published U.S. magazine."}, "https://codexery.com/beliefs-and-practices/e/beliefs-and-practices/supernatural/": {"t": "Supernatural", "s": "Concept of phenomena beyond the laws of nature."}, "https://codexery.com/nielsen-ratings-winners/e/nielsen-ratings-winners/i-love-lucy/": {"t": "I Love Lucy", "s": "First filmed sitcom; top-rated show for four seasons."}, "https://codexery.com/television-series/e/television-series/columbo/": {"t": "Columbo", "s": "A rumpled detective who always asks 'Just one more thing.'"}, "https://codexery.com/magazines-newspapers/e/magazines-and-newspapers/the-atlantic/": {"t": "The Atlantic", "s": "A literary magazine turned general-interest publication.", "i": "https://codexery.com/magazines-newspapers/img/magazines-and-newspapers/the-atlantic.webp", "c": "PCN02WPS · CC BY-SA 4.0"}, "https://codexery.com/art-movements/e/art-movements/dada/": {"t": "Dada", "s": "International art movement rejecting prevailing ideas of art and society."}, "https://codexery.com/parapsychology/e/parapsychology/uri-geller/": {"t": "Uri Geller", "s": "Illusionist and self-proclaimed psychic known for spoon bending."}, "https://codexery.com/internet-culture-and-platforms/e/internet-culture-and-platforms/skype/": {"t": "Skype", "s": "Pioneering internet-based voice and video communication service."}, "https://codexery.com/parapsychology/e/parapsychology/cold-reading/": {"t": "Cold reading", "s": "A technique for appearing to know personal details without prior knowledge."}, "/e/critics-of-parapsychology/brian-dunning-author/": {"t": "Brian Dunning (author)", "s": "American skeptic podcast host and convicted wire fraudster."}, "https://codexery.com/angelic-visionaries/e/angelic-visionaries/sylvia-browne/": {"t": "Sylvia Browne", "s": "Controversial psychic and author of many books."}, "/e/critics-of-parapsychology/susan-gerbic/": {"t": "Susan Gerbic", "s": "American skeptic activist who exposed fraudulent mediums."}, "https://codexery.com/internet-culture-and-platforms/e/internet-culture-and-platforms/facebook/": {"t": "Facebook", "s": "American social networking service owned by Meta Platforms."}, "https://codexery.com/historical-figures/e/artists/max-ernst/": {"t": "Max Ernst", "s": "German-born pioneer of Dada and surrealism.", "i": "https://codexery.com/historical-figures/img/artists/max-ernst.webp", "c": "Unknown authorUnknown author · via Wikipedia: Max Ernst · CC0"}, "https://codexery.com/diseases-and-conditions/e/diseases-and-conditions/prostate-cancer/": {"t": "Prostate cancer", "s": "Prostate cancer: uncontrolled growth of prostate cells, often detected by PSA screening.", "i": "https://codexery.com/diseases-and-conditions/img/diseases-and-conditions/prostate-cancer.webp", "c": "Cancer Research UK · CC BY-SA 4.0"}, "https://codexery.com/american-television-spinoffs/e/american-television-spinoffs/the-64-000-challenge/": {"t": "The $64,000 Challenge", "s": "Spin-off where past winners faced new challengers for $64,000."}, "https://codexery.com/media-and-publishing/e/media-and-publishing/library-of-congress/": {"t": "Library of Congress", "s": "Oldest federal cultural institution and de facto national library of the United States.", "i": "https://codexery.com/media-and-publishing/img/media-and-publishing/library-of-congress.webp", "c": "Library of Congress Life · CC0"}, "/e/critics-of-parapsychology/william-lindsay-gresham/": {"t": "William Lindsay Gresham", "s": "American novelist and critic of parapsychology."}, "https://codexery.com/psychologists-and-psychoanalysts/e/psychologists-and-psychoanalysts/joseph-jastrow/": {"t": "Joseph Jastrow", "s": "Psychologist who used the scientific method to identify truth from error and educate the public."}, "https://codexery.com/egyptian-inventions/e/egyptian-inventions/scientific-methodology/": {"t": "Scientific methodology", "s": "Empirical method for knowledge through observation, hypothesis, and experiment."}, "https://codexery.com/infectious-causes-of-cancer/e/infectious-causes-of-cancer/cervical-cancer/": {"t": "Cervical cancer", "s": "Cervical cancer is a preventable HPV-linked cancer of the cervix."}, "https://codexery.com/infectious-causes-of-cancer/e/infectious-causes-of-cancer/cervical-screening/": {"t": "Cervical screening", "s": "Cervical screening identifies risk of cervical cancer through molecular, cytologic, or visual inspection tests."}, "https://codexery.com/regions-cultural-spheres/e/regions-and-cultural-spheres/antarctica/": {"t": "Antarctica", "s": "Earth's southernmost, coldest, and least-populated continent."}, "https://codexery.com/lines-hemispheres/e/lines-and-hemispheres/south-pole/": {"t": "South Pole", "s": "Southernmost point on Earth, marked by shifting ice and historic expeditions."}, "https://codexery.com/historical-figures/e/notable/isaac-asimov/": {"t": "Isaac Asimov", "s": "One of the 'Big Three' science fiction writers, author of the Foundation series."}, "https://codexery.com/astronomers-and-astrophysicists/e/astronomers-and-astrophysicists/neil-degrasse-tyson/": {"t": "Neil deGrasse Tyson", "s": "American astrophysicist and director of the Hayden Planetarium.", "i": "https://codexery.com/astronomers-and-astrophysicists/img/astronomers-and-astrophysicists/neil-degrasse-tyson.webp", "c": "Maryland GovPics · via Wikipedia: Neil deGrasse Tyson · CC BY 2.0"}, "https://codexery.com/historical-figures/e/notable/carl-sagan/": {"t": "Carl Sagan", "s": "American astronomer and influential science communicator."}, "https://codexery.com/scientists-and-mathematicians/e/scientists-and-mathematicians/murray-gell-mann/": {"t": "Murray Gell-Mann", "s": "Architect of the quark model and co-inventor of quantum chromodynamics."}, "https://codexery.com/theology-and-religious-concepts/e/theology-and-religious-concepts/faith-healing/": {"t": "Faith healing", "s": "Belief that prayer and rituals can cure illness through divine intervention."}, "https://codexery.com/cities/e/capitals/dublin/": {"t": "Dublin", "s": "Capital of Ireland, city of the black pool and the hurdled ford."}, "https://codexery.com/supernatural-healing/e/supernatural-healing/crystal-healing/": {"t": "Crystal healing", "s": "Pseudoscientific practice using crystals for claimed healing effects."}, "https://codexery.com/medications-and-pharmacology/e/medications-and-pharmacology/placebo/": {"t": "Placebo", "s": "A sham treatment that can produce real psychological and physiological effects."}, "https://codexery.com/electromagnetism/e/electromagnetism/electromagnetic-field/": {"t": "Electromagnetic field", "s": "A physical field combining electric and magnetic influences."}, "https://codexery.com/comedians-and-comic-actors/e/comedians-and-comic-actors/tim-minchin/": {"t": "Tim Minchin", "s": "British-Australian musical comedian, actor, and award-winning composer."}, "https://codexery.com/comedy-legends/e/comedy-legends/stephen-fry/": {"t": "Stephen Fry", "s": "English actor, comedian, writer, and broadcaster knighted in 2025.", "i": "https://codexery.com/comedy-legends/img/comedy-legends/stephen-fry.webp", "c": "Elena Ternovaja · via Wikipedia: Stephen Fry · CC BY-SA 3.0"}, "https://codexery.com/religious-traditions/e/religious-traditions/druze/": {"t": "Druze", "s": "Esoteric monotheistic group originating from Ismā‘īli Shiʿa Islam."}, "https://codexery.com/astronomy/e/astronomy/cosmic-ray/": {"t": "Cosmic ray", "s": "High-energy particles from space, discovered via balloon flights in 1912.", "i": "https://codexery.com/astronomy/img/astronomy/cosmic-ray.webp", "c": "Vahram Mekhitarian · CC BY-SA 4.0"}, "https://codexery.com/legendary-showmen-occultists-and-hoaxers/e/legendary-showmen-occultists-and-hoaxers/immanuel-velikovsky/": {"t": "Immanuel Velikovsky", "s": "Russian-American psychoanalyst, writer, and catastrophist author of Worlds in Collision.", "i": "https://codexery.com/legendary-showmen-occultists-and-hoaxers/img/legendary-showmen-occultists-and-hoaxers/immanuel-velikovsky.webp", "c": "via Wikipedia: Immanuel Velikovsky · see source"}, "https://codexery.com/stars-of-carina/e/stars-of-carina/eta-carinae/": {"t": "Eta Carinae", "s": "A massive binary system that erupted spectacularly in the 19th century."}, "https://codexery.com/universities-and-colleges/e/universities-and-colleges/imperial-college-london/": {"t": "Imperial College London", "s": "Public research university formed from 1907 mergers in South Kensington."}, "https://codexery.com/authors-poets/e/authors-and-poets/lewis-carroll/": {"t": "Lewis Carroll", "s": "English author, poet, mathematician, photographer, and Anglican deacon known for Alice's Adventures in Wonderland and literary nonsense."}, "https://codexery.com/mystery-crime-writers/e/mystery-and-crime-writers/g-k-chesterton/": {"t": "G. K. Chesterton", "s": "English writer known for wit, paradox, and Christian apologetics.", "i": "https://codexery.com/mystery-crime-writers/img/mystery-and-crime-writers/g-k-chesterton.webp", "c": "via Wikipedia: G. K. Chesterton · see source"}, "https://codexery.com/alice-s-adventures-in-wonderland/e/alice-s-adventures-in-wonderland/the-annotated-alice/": {"t": "The Annotated Alice", "s": "An annotated edition of Carroll's Alice tales by Martin Gardner."}, "https://codexery.com/us-cities/e/us-cities/tulsa-oklahoma/": {"t": "Tulsa, Oklahoma", "s": "Second-most-populous city in Oklahoma; historic oil hub."}, "https://codexery.com/world-war-ii-topics/e/world-war-ii-topics/surrender-of-japan/": {"t": "Surrender of Japan", "s": "Japan's surrender ended World War II in the Pacific.", "i": "https://codexery.com/world-war-ii-topics/img/world-war-ii-topics/surrender-of-japan.webp", "c": "Harry Beanham · Public domain"}, "https://codexery.com/historical-figures/e/scientists/douglas-hofstadter/": {"t": "Douglas Hofstadter", "s": "Cognitive scientist, author of Gödel, Escher, Bach, and discoverer of Hofstadter's butterfly."}, "https://codexery.com/computer-scientists-and-programmers/e/computer-scientists-and-programmers/donald-knuth/": {"t": "Donald Knuth", "s": "Father of analysis of algorithms; creator of TeX."}, "https://codexery.com/modernist-20th-century-poets/e/modernist-and-20th-century-poets/w-h-auden/": {"t": "W. H. Auden", "s": "British-American poet noted for stylistic and technical achievement across political, moral, love, and religious themes.", "i": "https://codexery.com/modernist-20th-century-poets/img/modernist-and-20th-century-poets/w-h-auden.webp", "c": "via Wikipedia: W. H. Auden · see source"}, "https://codexery.com/british-inventors/e/british-inventors/arthur-c-clarke/": {"t": "Arthur C. Clarke", "s": "Prophet of the Space Age and co-writer of 2001: A Space Odyssey."}, "https://codexery.com/historical-figures/e/artists/salvador-dal/": {"t": "Salvador Dalí", "s": "Spanish surrealist master of striking and bizarre imagery", "i": "https://codexery.com/historical-figures/img/artists/salvador-dal.webp", "c": "Van Vechten, Carl, 1880-1964. · via Wikipedia: Salvador Dalí · Public domain"}, "https://codexery.com/historical-figures/e/artists/m-c-escher/": {"t": "M. C. Escher", "s": "Dutch graphic artist known for mathematically inspired woodcuts, lithographs, and mezzotints.", "i": "https://codexery.com/historical-figures/img/artists/m-c-escher.webp", "c": "Hans Peters for Anefo · via Wikipedia: M. C. Escher · CC0"}, "https://codexery.com/mathematicians/e/mathematicians/h-s-m-coxeter/": {"t": "H. S. M. Coxeter", "s": "British-Canadian geometer and mathematician, a leading figure in 20th-century geometry."}, "https://codexery.com/historical-figures/e/notable/noam-chomsky/": {"t": "Noam Chomsky", "s": "Father of modern linguistics and influential political critic."}, "https://codexery.com/geometry-and-topology/e/geometry-and-topology/knot-theory/": {"t": "Knot theory", "s": "Mathematical study of knots as embeddings of circles in space."}, "https://codexery.com/combinatorics/e/combinatorics/pascal-s-triangle/": {"t": "Pascal's triangle", "s": "Triangular array of binomial coefficients used in combinatorics and algebra."}, "https://codexery.com/topology-and-abstract-spaces/e/topology-and-abstract-spaces/m-bius-strip/": {"t": "Möbius strip", "s": "A non-orientable surface with one side and one boundary."}, "https://codexery.com/sets-and-logic/e/sets-and-logic/transfinite-number/": {"t": "Transfinite number", "s": "Numbers larger than all finite numbers, including transfinite cardinals and ordinals."}, "https://codexery.com/mathematicians/e/mathematicians/john-horton-conway/": {"t": "John Horton Conway", "s": "English mathematician who invented the Game of Life."}, "https://codexery.com/women-in-stem/e/women-in-stem/doris-schattschneider/": {"t": "Doris Schattschneider", "s": "Mathematician known for tessellations and M. C. Escher."}, "https://codexery.com/pioneers-of-computing-and-information-th/e/pioneers-of-computing-and-information-theory/claude-shannon/": {"t": "Claude Shannon", "s": "Polymath who founded information theory and digital circuit design.", "i": "https://codexery.com/pioneers-of-computing-and-information-th/img/pioneers-of-computing-and-information-theory/claude-shannon.webp", "c": "via Wikipedia: Claude Shannon · see source"}, "https://codexery.com/mathematicians/e/mathematicians/john-forbes-nash-jr/": {"t": "John Forbes Nash Jr.", "s": "American mathematician who revolutionized game theory and differential geometry."}, "https://codexery.com/connection-games/e/connection-games/hex-board-game/": {"t": "Hex (board game)", "s": "Abstract connection game invented by Piet Hein and popularized by John Nash.", "i": "https://codexery.com/connection-games/img/connection-games/hex-board-game.webp", "c": "Szczepan1990 18:30, 22 July 2006 (UTC) · Public domain"}, "https://codexery.com/computer-scientists-and-programmers/e/computer-scientists-and-programmers/adi-shamir/": {"t": "Adi Shamir", "s": "Israeli cryptographer and co-inventor of the RSA algorithm.", "i": "https://codexery.com/computer-scientists-and-programmers/img/computer-scientists-and-programmers/adi-shamir.webp", "c": "via Wikipedia: MIT Computer Science and Artificial Intelligence Laboratory · see source"}, "https://codexery.com/christian-reformers-and-mystics/e/christian-reformers-and-mystics/rudolf-steiner/": {"t": "Rudolf Steiner", "s": "Austrian founder of anthroposophy and spiritual science."}, "https://codexery.com/ancient-mysteries/e/ancient-mysteries/atlantis/": {"t": "Atlantis", "s": "Plato's fictional island allegory"}, "https://codexery.com/historical-figures/e/notable/b-f-skinner/": {"t": "B. F. Skinner", "s": "Pioneer of operant conditioning and radical behaviorism."}, "https://codexery.com/traditional-alternative-medicine/e/traditional-and-alternative-medicine/chiropractic/": {"t": "Chiropractic", "s": "Alternative medicine focused on spinal manipulation and vitalist concepts.", "i": "https://codexery.com/traditional-alternative-medicine/img/traditional-and-alternative-medicine/chiropractic.webp", "c": "Social Woodlands from USA · CC BY 2.0"}, "https://codexery.com/food-cooking/e/food-and-cooking/vegetarianism/": {"t": "Vegetarianism", "s": "Abstention from meat, rooted in ethics, health, and religion."}, "https://codexery.com/branches-of-christianity/e/branches-of-christianity/methodism/": {"t": "Methodism", "s": "A Protestant tradition emphasizing sanctification and methodical Christian living."}, "/e/critics-of-parapsychology/mark-edward/": {"t": "Mark Edward", "s": "Mentalist who exposed psychic fraud and coined 'grief vampire'."}, "https://codexery.com/surgery-trauma/e/surgery-and-trauma/breast-cancer/": {"t": "Breast cancer", "s": "A cancer from breast tissue; leading cancer in women."}, "https://codexery.com/surgery-trauma/e/surgery-and-trauma/chemotherapy/": {"t": "Chemotherapy", "s": "Systemic cancer treatment using cytotoxic drugs to inhibit cell division."}, "https://codexery.com/medical-procedures-and-treatments/e/medical-procedures-and-treatments/radiation-therapy/": {"t": "Radiation therapy", "s": "Ionizing radiation used to treat cancer and other conditions.", "i": "https://codexery.com/medical-procedures-and-treatments/img/medical-procedures-and-treatments/radiation-therapy.webp", "c": "Linda Bartlett (Photographer) · Public domain"}, "https://codexery.com/cities-on-rivers/e/cities-on-rivers/wroc-aw/": {"t": "Wrocław", "s": "Historical capital of Silesia on the Oder River."}, "https://codexery.com/fifa-world-cup/e/honours/poland/": {"t": "Poland", "s": "A Central European nation with a rich history, from the Piast dynasty to the Solidarity movement."}, "https://codexery.com/psychologists-and-education-theorists/e/psychologists-and-education-theorists/daniel-kahneman/": {"t": "Daniel Kahneman", "s": "Israeli-American psychologist and Nobel laureate known for work on judgment, decision-making, and behavioral economics."}, "https://codexery.com/political-systems-elections/e/political-systems-and-elections/democratic-party-united-states/": {"t": "Democratic Party (United States)", "s": "World's oldest active political party, center to center-left."}, "https://codexery.com/emotions/e/emotions/gratitude/": {"t": "Gratitude", "s": "Gratitude is appreciation for kindness, studied across philosophy, religion, and psychology.", "i": "https://codexery.com/emotions/img/emotions/gratitude.webp", "c": "DeFacto · CC BY-SA 4.0"}, "https://codexery.com/cities/e/modern-metropolis/toronto/": {"t": "Toronto", "s": "Canada's largest city and a global hub of multiculturalism, finance, and culture."}, "https://codexery.com/people-with-parkinson-s-disease/e/people-with-parkinson-s-disease/andy-barrie/": {"t": "Andy Barrie", "s": "Radio host who revealed his Parkinson's diagnosis on air."}, "https://codexery.com/theological-and-philosophical-debates/e/theological-and-philosophical-debates/agnosticism/": {"t": "Agnosticism", "s": "A stance questioning the existence of God or the divine."}, "https://codexery.com/physiology-medicine/e/physiology-and-medicine/suicide/": {"t": "Suicide", "s": "The act of intentionally causing one's own death, with complex risk factors and prevention strategies."}, "https://codexery.com/revolutions-and-conflicts/e/revolutions-and-conflicts/spanish-civil-war/": {"t": "Spanish Civil War", "s": "The Spanish Civil War was a major conflict fought in Spain between 1936 and 1939, pitting the Republican faction against the Nationalist rebels."}, "https://codexery.com/infectious-diseases/e/infectious-diseases/tuberculosis/": {"t": "Tuberculosis", "s": "A contagious bacterial disease, historically called consumption, that remains a global killer."}, "https://codexery.com/religious-traditions/e/religious-traditions/judaism/": {"t": "Judaism", "s": "An Abrahamic, monotheistic ethnic religion of the Jewish people."}, "https://codexery.com/historical-figures/e/notable/c-s-lewis/": {"t": "C. S. Lewis", "s": "Author of The Chronicles of Narnia and Christian apologist"}, "https://codexery.com/religious-traditions/e/religious-traditions/christianity/": {"t": "Christianity", "s": "World's largest religion, centered on Jesus Christ."}, "https://codexery.com/founders-of-new-religious-movements/e/founders-of-new-religious-movements/l-ron-hubbard/": {"t": "L. Ron Hubbard", "s": "American author who founded the Church of Scientology."}, "/e/critics-of-parapsychology/ruth-brandon/": {"t": "Ruth Brandon", "s": "British journalist, historian and author who debunked spiritualism."}, "/e/critics-of-parapsychology/eric-dingwall/": {"t": "Eric Dingwall", "s": "British anthropologist and skeptical psychical researcher."}, "https://codexery.com/parapsychology/e/parapsychology/levitation-paranormal/": {"t": "Levitation (paranormal)", "s": "Claimed mystical ability to raise bodies or objects into the air."}, "https://codexery.com/psychology/e/psychology/experimental-psychology/": {"t": "Experimental psychology", "s": "Experimental psychology applies scientific methods to study mental processes.", "i": "https://codexery.com/psychology/img/psychology/experimental-psychology.webp", "c": "Christopher Hilton · CC BY-SA 2.0"}, "https://codexery.com/parapsychology/e/parapsychology/clairvoyance/": {"t": "Clairvoyance", "s": "Claimed paranormal ability to see distant or future events."}, "https://codexery.com/political-leaders-revolutionaries/e/political-leaders-and-revolutionaries/david-lloyd-george/": {"t": "David Lloyd George", "s": "Liberal PM who led Britain through WWI and social reform."}, "https://codexery.com/relationships-and-human-sexuality/e/relationships-and-human-sexuality/homosexuality/": {"t": "Homosexuality", "s": "A natural variation in human sexuality, documented across history and species."}, "https://codexery.com/christian-theology/e/christian-theology/afterlife/": {"t": "Afterlife", "s": "Speculation on existence after death across religions and philosophies."}, "https://codexery.com/universities/e/universities/johns-hopkins-university/": {"t": "Johns Hopkins University", "s": "First U.S. research university, founded by a Quaker philanthropist.", "i": "https://codexery.com/universities/img/universities/johns-hopkins-university.webp", "c": "Daderot · Public domain"}, "https://codexery.com/education-schools/e/education-and-schools/new-york-university/": {"t": "New York University", "s": "A private research university in New York City, founded in 1832 by Albert Gallatin.", "i": "https://codexery.com/education-schools/img/education-and-schools/new-york-university.webp", "c": "via Wikipedia: State University of New York · see source"}, "https://codexery.com/u-s-states/e/u-s-states/maryland/": {"t": "Maryland", "s": "A Mid-Atlantic state with diverse geography and high median income.", "i": "https://codexery.com/u-s-states/img/u-s-states/maryland.webp", "c": "Michael Wheeler · Public domain"}, "https://codexery.com/beliefs-and-practices/e/beliefs-and-practices/prophecy/": {"t": "Prophecy", "s": "A message from a supernatural entity to a prophet."}, "https://codexery.com/pharmacology-and-therapeutics/e/pharmacology-and-therapeutics/quackery/": {"t": "Quackery", "s": "Promotion of fraudulent or ignorant medical practices."}, "https://codexery.com/countries-and-regions/e/countries-and-regions/pennsylvania/": {"t": "Pennsylvania", "s": "The Keystone State", "i": "https://codexery.com/countries-and-regions/img/countries-and-regions/pennsylvania.webp", "c": "Simtropolitan, Jean-Pierre Demailly (old version)\npermission=\n\n\n\nInsignia\n\nThis image shows a flag, a coat of arms, a seal or some other official insignia. The  · via Wikipedia: Pennsylvania · Public domain"}}