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Missing and Murdered Indigenous Women

Victims of violence disproportionately affecting Indigenous women and girls.

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Missing and Murdered Indigenous Women

Slowking4 · CC BY-SA 2.5

A grassroots movement raises awareness through marches, protests, meetings, and record-keeping for law enforcement.[1] Activists have connected sex trafficking, sexual harassment, and sexual assault to missing and murdered Indigenous women.[2]

Key facts and history

The inquiry was completed and presented to the public on June 3, 2019.[3] In the United States, the Violence Against Women Act was reauthorized in 2013, giving tribes jurisdiction to prosecute domestic violence on reservations.[4] The US declared May 5, 2018, as a national day of awareness for missing and murdered Indigenous women.[5] In September 2016, the Government of Canada, under Prime Minister Justin Trudeau and with support from all ten provincial governments, launched the National Inquiry into Missing and Murdered Indigenous Women and Girls.[6][7][8]

Indigenous women constituted 4% of Canada's female population yet accounted for 16% of all female homicides recorded between 1980 and 2012.[3][7][9]

What the cited sources add

A study by the National Institute of Justice found 84% of Native American and Alaska Native women have experienced violence in their lifetime.[10] The Sisters In Spirit Initiative confirmed 582 cases of missing or murdered Indigenous women and girls over 20 years.[10] The 2015 RCMP update reported 106 unsolved homicide cases and 98 unsolved missing cases.[11] In 62% of cases, Aboriginal females were killed by a spouse, family member, or intimate relation.[12]

References

  1. Wikipedia, "Missing and Murdered Indigenous Women" (CC BY-SA 4.0), which cites: "UN Permanent Forum on Indigenous Issues calls for an Expert Group Meeting on Missing and Murdered Indigenous Women"; "About Missing and Murdered Indigenous Women and the film WHO SHE IS"; Gambino, "REDress exhibit highlights epidemic of missing and murdered indigenous women", The Guardian, March 7, 2019; "Rep. Haaland addresses Congress on epidemic of missing, endangered indigenous women", KRQE Media, March 14, 2019; Hopkins, "When the Missing and Murdered Indigenous Women Crisis Hits Home", Teen Vogue, September en.wikipedia.org
  2. Wikipedia, "Missing and Murdered Indigenous Women" (CC BY-SA 4.0), which cites: Wood, "Sex Trafficking & Missing and Murdered Indigenous Women – How Education can keep our communities safe", acl.gov; Martin, "The Connection Between Pipelines and Sexual Violence – Attempts to address the Missing and Murdered Indigenous Women Crisis could be counteracted by the problems "man camps" cause for reservation communities", O; CTV News Montreal, "Rape, murder and harassment: Painful stories shared at MMIWG hearings in Quebec", CTV News, October 15, 2019; Mahony, "Women and the Criminal Justice System", en.wikipedia.org
  3. Wikipedia, "Missing and Murdered Indigenous Women" (CC BY-SA 4.0), which cites: Indigenous and Northern Affairs Canada, "Background on the inquiry", www.aadnc-aandc.gc.ca, April 22, 2016; "National Inquiry into Missing and Murdered Indigenous Women and Girls "; Dalton, "Murdered and missing women and girls in Canada tragedy is genocide rooted in colonialism, official inquiry finds", The Independent, June 1, 2019 (we also read that source) en.wikipedia.org
  4. Wikipedia, "Missing and Murdered Indigenous Women" (CC BY-SA 4.0), which cites: Cook, "Tribal leaders urged to apply Violence Against Women Act", Rapid City Journal, April 1, 2015 (original not read by us) en.wikipedia.org
  5. Wikipedia, "Missing and Murdered Indigenous Women" (CC BY-SA 4.0), which cites: Sullivan, "Recognizing the National Day of Awareness for Missing and Murdered Native Women and Girls", 2018-05-04 (original not read by us) en.wikipedia.org
  6. Wikipedia, "Missing and Murdered Indigenous Women" (CC BY-SA 4.0), which cites: Krishnan, "Here's What the Missing And Murdered Indigenous Women Inquiry is Missing", Vice News, August 3, 2016; Walker, "Missing, murdered aboriginal women crisis demands a look at root causes", CBC News, April 10, 2016; Bailey, "Missing and Murdered Indigenous Women Crisis: Technological Dimensions", Canadian Journal of Women and the Law, 2016, p. 321–341; Barrera, "National inquiry calls murders and disappearances of Indigenous women a 'Canadian genocide'", CBC News, May 31, 2019; Austen, "Canadian Inquiry Calls en.wikipedia.org
  7. Wikipedia, "Missing and Murdered Indigenous Women" (CC BY-SA 4.0), which cites: Dalton, "Murdered and missing women and girls in Canada tragedy is genocide rooted in colonialism, official inquiry finds", The Independent, June 1, 2019; "About Us — National Inquiry into Missing and Murdered Indigenous Women and Girls", National Inquiry into Missing and Murdered Indigenous Women and Girls; Indigenous and Northern Affairs Canada, "Background on the inquiry", www.aadnc-aandc.gc.ca, April 22, 2016 (we also read that source) en.wikipedia.org
  8. Wikipedia, "Missing and Murdered Indigenous Women" (CC BY-SA 4.0), which cites: Presley, Rachel. "Embodied Liminality and Gendered State Violence: Artivist Expressions in the MMIW Movement." Journal of International Women's Studies, vol. 21 (original not read by us) en.wikipedia.org
  9. Wikipedia, "Missing and Murdered Indigenous Women" (CC BY-SA 4.0), which cites: "Reclaiming Power and Place: The Final Report of the National Inquiry into Missing and Murdered Indigenous Women and Girls", p. 65; Indigenous and Northern Affairs Canada, "Background on the inquiry", www.aadnc-aandc.gc.ca, April 22, 2016; O’Donnell, "First Nations, Inuit and Métis Women", Statistics Canada, July 2011, p. 49; "Violence Against Indigenous Women and Girls in Canada", www.amnesty.ca, 2014; "Reclaiming Power and Place: The Final Report of the National Inquiry into Missing and Murdered Indigenous Women en.wikipedia.org
  10. Dalton, "Murdered and missing women and girls in Canada tragedy is genocide rooted in colonialism, official inquiry finds", The Independent, June 1, 2019. facts only, no text reused. independent.co.uk
  11. Wikipedia, "Missing and Murdered Indigenous Women" (CC BY-SA 4.0), which cites: "Missing and Murdered Aboriginal Women: 2015 Update to the National Operational Overview", Royal Canadian Mounted Police, June 19, 2015, p. 21; "Missing and Murdered Aboriginal Women: 2015 Update to the National Operational Overview", Royal Canadian Mounted Police, June 19, 2015, p. 21; "Missing and Murdered Aboriginal Women: 2015 Update to the National Operational Overview", Royal Canadian Mounted Police, June 19, 2015, p. 21; "Reclaiming Power and Place: The Final Report of the National Inquiry into Missing and M en.wikipedia.org
  12. Galloway, "70 per cent of murdered aboriginal women killed by indigenous men: RCMP", The Globe and Mail, April 9, 2015. facts only, no text reused. theglobeandmail.com

Each numbered sentence above was checked against the source it cites before publication. Sentences citing Wikipedia adapt text from the English Wikipedia article Missing and Murdered Indigenous Women (contributors), used under CC BY-SA 4.0; this entry is available under the same licence. Other sources were used for facts only; no text or images are copied from them.

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Compiled from Wikipedia and the sources listed below. Text from Wikipedia is available under CC BY-SA 4.0; this entry is adapted from it.

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