{"https://codexery.com/magic/e/magic/natural-magic/": {"t": "Natural magic", "s": "Tradition of manipulating nature's hidden, occult properties."}, "https://codexery.com/theological-and-philosophical-debates/e/theological-and-philosophical-debates/heresy/": {"t": "Heresy", "s": "A belief or theory strongly at variance with established religious doctrines, often met with censure."}, "https://codexery.com/philosophical-movements-and-schools/e/philosophical-movements-and-schools/thomism/": {"t": "Thomism", "s": "The philosophical and theological legacy of Thomas Aquinas."}, "https://codexery.com/early-church-fathers-and-saints/e/early-church-fathers-and-saints/albertus-magnus/": {"t": "Albertus Magnus", "s": "Medieval philosopher, scientist, and Doctor of the Church who systematized Aristotle's works."}, "https://codexery.com/world-heritage-sites-in-france/e/world-heritage-sites-in-france/avignon/": {"t": "Avignon", "s": "City of the Popes on the Rhône."}, "https://codexery.com/religious-traditions/e/religious-traditions/judaism/": {"t": "Judaism", "s": "An Abrahamic, monotheistic ethnic religion of the Jewish people."}, "https://codexery.com/cathedrals/e/great-cathedrals/st-paul-s-cathedral/": {"t": "St. Paul's Cathedral", "s": "Wren's domed English Baroque cathedral on Ludgate Hill, seat of the Bishop of London.", "i": "https://codexery.com/cathedrals/img/great-cathedrals/st-paul-s-cathedral.webp", "c": "via Wikipedia: St Paul's Cathedral · see source"}, "https://codexery.com/fifa-world-cup/e/honours/italy/": {"t": "Italy", "s": "A cultural superpower with the eighth-largest economy and the most UNESCO sites."}, "https://codexery.com/historical-figures/e/notable/henry-viii/": {"t": "Henry VIII", "s": "King of England (1509–1547) and Ireland (1542–1547), known for his six marriages and the English Reformation."}, "https://codexery.com/ancient-empires-rulers/e/ancient-empires-rulers/charles-v-holy-roman-emperor/": {"t": "Charles V, Holy Roman Emperor", "s": "Charles V inherited and then led the rising House of Habsburg, ruling a vast collection of European and American territories that became the first realm describ"}, "https://codexery.com/cities/e/capitals/brussels/": {"t": "Brussels", "s": "The capital of Belgium and de facto capital of the European Union."}, "https://codexery.com/historical-figures/e/scientists/ren-descartes/": {"t": "René Descartes", "s": "Father of modern philosophy and analytic geometry"}, "https://codexery.com/writers-poets/e/writers-and-poets/johann-wolfgang-von-goethe/": {"t": "Johann Wolfgang von Goethe", "s": "German polymath and most influential writer in the German language"}, "https://codexery.com/society-and-culture/e/society-and-culture/oral-tradition/": {"t": "Oral tradition", "s": "A vital medium of human communication across generations."}, "https://codexery.com/mountain-ranges-and-massifs/e/mountain-ranges-and-massifs/a-r-mountains/": {"t": "Aïr Mountains", "s": "A Saharan massif forming a green Sahelian refuge."}, "https://codexery.com/inventors/e/great-inventors/alexander-graham-bell/": {"t": "Alexander Graham Bell", "s": "Inventor of the first practical telephone and pioneer in sound transmission.", "i": "https://codexery.com/inventors/img/great-inventors/alexander-graham-bell.webp", "c": "via Wikipedia: Alexander Graham Bell honors and tributes · see source"}, "https://codexery.com/fifa-world-cup/e/honours/scotland/": {"t": "Scotland", "s": "A country of ancient kingdoms, rugged highlands, and deep lochs."}, "https://codexery.com/languages-and-writing-systems/e/languages-and-writing-systems/phonetics/": {"t": "Phonetics", "s": "Study of speech sound articulation, acoustics, and perception."}, "https://codexery.com/english-counties/e/english-counties/hampshire/": {"t": "Hampshire", "s": "A ceremonial county in South East England, historically known as the County of Southampton until its renaming to Hampshire in 1959."}, "https://codexery.com/plays-drama/e/plays-and-drama/hamlet/": {"t": "Hamlet", "s": "A tragedy of revenge, madness, and moral uncertainty."}, "https://codexery.com/languages-and-writing-systems/e/languages-and-writing-systems/semiotics/": {"t": "Semiotics", "s": "The study of signs and meaning-making across all domains."}, "https://codexery.com/former-empires/e/former-empires/austria-hungary/": {"t": "Austria-Hungary", "s": "A dual monarchy that shaped Central Europe for half a century."}, "https://codexery.com/major-wars/e/major-wars/second-world-war/": {"t": "Second World War", "s": "Global conflict between Allies and Axis, deadliest in history."}, "https://codexery.com/early-modern-state-formation-and-dynasti/e/early-modern-state-formation-and-dynasties/habsburg-monarchy/": {"t": "Habsburg monarchy", "s": "A composite monarchy ruled by the House of Habsburg across Europe.", "i": "https://codexery.com/early-modern-state-formation-and-dynasti/img/early-modern-state-formation-and-dynasties/habsburg-monarchy.webp", "c": "ThrashedParanoid and Peregrine981. · via Wikipedia: Habsburg monarchy · Public domain"}, "https://codexery.com/society-and-culture/e/society-and-culture/romani-people/": {"t": "Romani people", "s": "Indo-Aryan ethnic group with nomadic traditions and global diaspora."}, "https://codexery.com/social-identity-prejudice/e/social-identity-and-prejudice/antisemitism/": {"t": "Antisemitism", "s": "Hostility or prejudice against Jews."}, "https://codexery.com/dynasties-and-kingdoms/e/dynasties-and-kingdoms/russian-empire/": {"t": "Russian Empire", "s": "Third-largest empire in history, spanning northern Eurasia."}, "https://codexery.com/wars-conflicts/e/wars-and-conflicts/russo-japanese-war/": {"t": "Russo-Japanese War", "s": "War between Russia and Japan over imperial ambitions in East Asia.", "i": "https://codexery.com/wars-conflicts/img/wars-and-conflicts/russo-japanese-war.webp", "c": "Imperial Instituto Artistico · Public domain"}, "https://codexery.com/revolutions-and-conflicts/e/revolutions-and-conflicts/world-war-i/": {"t": "World War I", "s": "The First World War, a global conflict from 1914 to 1918, was fought between the Allied and Central Powers."}, "https://codexery.com/cities/e/cultural/vienna/": {"t": "Vienna", "s": "Capital on the Danube, heart of Austria"}, "https://codexery.com/radio-manufacturers/e/radio-manufacturers/telefunken/": {"t": "Telefunken", "s": "German electronics pioneer from radio to television and computing."}, "https://codexery.com/fifa-world-cup/e/honours/austria/": {"t": "Austria", "s": "A landlocked Central European nation with a rich imperial history and a modern neutral democracy."}, "https://codexery.com/world-war-ii-and-its-aftermath/e/world-war-ii-and-its-aftermath/anschluss/": {"t": "Anschluss", "s": "Annexation of Austria into Nazi Germany on 12 March 1938.", "i": "https://codexery.com/world-war-ii-and-its-aftermath/img/world-war-ii-and-its-aftermath/anschluss.webp", "c": "Unknown author · CC0"}, "https://codexery.com/fifa-world-cup/e/honours/england/": {"t": "England", "s": "Land of the Angles, birthplace of football and the Industrial Revolution."}, "https://codexery.com/fifa-world-cup/e/honours/romania/": {"t": "Romania", "s": "A country at the crossroads of Central and Southeastern Europe, rich in history and natural beauty."}, "https://codexery.com/cities/e/modern-metropolis/toronto/": {"t": "Toronto", "s": "Canada's largest city and a global hub of multiculturalism, finance, and culture."}, "https://codexery.com/disorders-causing-seizures/e/disorders-causing-seizures/cerebral-palsy/": {"t": "Cerebral palsy", "s": "A group of permanent movement disorders appearing in early childhood, often with seizures and cognitive challenges.", "i": "https://codexery.com/disorders-causing-seizures/img/disorders-causing-seizures/cerebral-palsy.webp", "c": "City of Boston Archives from West Roxbury, United States · CC BY 2.0"}, "https://codexery.com/indian-states/e/indian-states/jharkhand/": {"t": "Jharkhand", "s": "Land of forests, waterfalls, and ancient heritage.", "i": "https://codexery.com/indian-states/img/indian-states/jharkhand.webp", "c": "Anupmahato · CC BY-SA 4.0"}, "https://codexery.com/indian-states/e/indian-states/punjab/": {"t": "Punjab", "s": "Historical region of five rivers in South Asia."}, "https://codexery.com/capital-cities-of-africa/e/capital-cities-of-africa/abidjan/": {"t": "Abidjan", "s": "Economic capital of Ivory Coast"}, "https://codexery.com/writing-systems/e/writing-systems/braille/": {"t": "Braille", "s": "Tactile writing system for blind and visually impaired people."}, "/e/creators-of-writing-systems/charles-barbier/": {"t": "Charles Barbier", "s": "Inventor of raised-dot writing that inspired Braille."}, "https://codexery.com/injuries-and-conditions/e/injuries-and-conditions/visual-impairment/": {"t": "Visual impairment", "s": "Visual impairment is partial or total inability of visual perception.", "i": "https://codexery.com/injuries-and-conditions/img/injuries-and-conditions/visual-impairment.webp", "c": "Simon Legner ( User:simon04 ) · CC BY-SA 4.0"}, "https://codexery.com/branches-of-christianity/e/branches-of-christianity/catholic-church/": {"t": "Catholic Church", "s": "The largest Christian church, with 1.28 to 1.41 billion baptized members.", "i": "https://codexery.com/branches-of-christianity/img/branches-of-christianity/catholic-church.webp", "c": "via Wikipedia: Christianity by country · see source"}, "https://codexery.com/french-inventions/e/french-inventions/braille-music/": {"t": "Braille music", "s": "A braille code for notating music, created by Louis Braille."}, "https://codexery.com/infectious-diseases/e/infectious-diseases/tuberculosis/": {"t": "Tuberculosis", "s": "A contagious bacterial disease, historically called consumption, that remains a global killer."}, "https://codexery.com/literary-giants/e/literary-giants/t-s-eliot/": {"t": "T. S. Eliot", "s": "Anglo-Catholic poet linked to the broader Catholic literary revival."}, "https://codexery.com/stars-and-stellar-objects/e/stars-and-stellar-objects/asteroid/": {"t": "Asteroid", "s": "Rocky, metallic, or icy minor planets orbiting the Sun, mostly in the main belt between Mars and Jupiter."}, "https://codexery.com/branches-of-christianity/e/branches-of-christianity/baptists/": {"t": "Baptists", "s": "Protestant tradition emphasizing believer's baptism and local church autonomy."}, "https://codexery.com/indian-states/e/indian-states/assam/": {"t": "Assam", "s": "The land of the Brahmaputra, tea, and one-horned rhinos.", "i": "https://codexery.com/indian-states/img/indian-states/assam.webp", "c": "Medhi jyoti · CC BY-SA 4.0"}, "https://codexery.com/countries-and-regions/e/countries-and-regions/new-england/": {"t": "New England", "s": "Six-state region in northeastern U.S. with strong cultural identity."}, "https://codexery.com/rebellions-against-the-united-states/e/rebellions-against-the-united-states/american-civil-war/": {"t": "American Civil War", "s": "Civil war between the Union and Confederacy over slavery and secession."}, "https://codexery.com/manufacturing-and-materials/e/manufacturing-and-materials/printing-press/": {"t": "Printing press", "s": "Machine that transfers ink onto materials by applying pressure."}, "https://codexery.com/mythological-kidnapped-people/e/mythological-kidnapped-people/europa-consort-of-zeus/": {"t": "Europa (consort of Zeus)", "s": "Phoenician princess abducted by Zeus, mother of Minos.", "i": "https://codexery.com/mythological-kidnapped-people/img/mythological-kidnapped-people/europa-consort-of-zeus.webp", "c": "Wikifrits · Public domain"}, "https://codexery.com/writing-systems/e/writing-systems/alphabet/": {"t": "Alphabet", "s": "A writing system where letters represent phonemes.", "i": "https://codexery.com/writing-systems/img/writing-systems/alphabet.webp", "c": "MS Sakib · CC BY-SA 4.0"}, "https://codexery.com/regions-cultural-spheres/e/regions-and-cultural-spheres/western-world/": {"t": "Western world", "s": "An evolving cultural, political, and economic concept of diverse groups."}, "https://codexery.com/beliefs-and-practices/e/beliefs-and-practices/spirituality/": {"t": "Spirituality", "s": "A term evolving from religious re-formation to subjective sacred experience."}, "https://codexery.com/languages/e/languages/japanese-language/": {"t": "Japanese language", "s": "The principal language of the Japonic family, spoken by over 123 million people, primarily in Japan."}, "https://codexery.com/writing-systems/e/writing-systems/hiragana/": {"t": "Hiragana", "s": "A Japanese syllabary used for phonetic writing."}, "https://codexery.com/languages-and-scripts/e/languages-and-scripts/writing-system/": {"t": "Writing system", "s": "A system of symbols and rules for representing language."}, "https://codexery.com/ancient-cities/e/ancient-cities/miletus/": {"t": "Miletus", "s": "Ancient Greek city on the coast of Anatolia, cradle of philosophy and maritime power."}, "https://codexery.com/ancient-civilizations/e/ancient-civilizations/phoenicia/": {"t": "Phoenicia", "s": "Ancient Semitic maritime traders who spread the alphabet across the Mediterranean.", "i": "https://codexery.com/ancient-civilizations/img/ancient-civilizations/phoenicia.webp", "c": "Kordas, based on Alvaro's work · via Wikipedia: Phoenicia · CC BY 3.0"}, "https://codexery.com/derelict-landers/e/derelict-landers/spirit-rover/": {"t": "Spirit (rover)", "s": "Mars rover that operated over twenty times longer than planned."}, "https://codexery.com/states-and-regions/e/states-and-regions/shandong/": {"t": "Shandong", "s": "Coastal province, cradle of Confucianism and Taoism."}, "/e/creators-of-writing-systems/evander-of-pallantium/": {"t": "Evander of Pallantium", "s": "Arcadian culture hero who brought Greek civilization to Italy and founded Pallantium on the Palatine."}, "https://codexery.com/greek-myths/e/greek-myths/hermes/": {"t": "Hermes", "s": "Herald of the gods, protector of travelers, and guide of souls."}, "https://codexery.com/writing-systems/e/writing-systems/greek-alphabet/": {"t": "Greek alphabet", "s": "Earliest alphabet to systematically write vowels and consonants.", "i": "https://codexery.com/writing-systems/img/writing-systems/greek-alphabet.webp", "c": "Unknown author · Public domain"}, "https://codexery.com/cities/e/capitals/rome/": {"t": "Rome", "s": "The Eternal City, capital of Italy and cradle of Western civilization."}, "https://codexery.com/cities/e/cultural/florence/": {"t": "Florence", "s": "Birthplace of the Renaissance and capital of Tuscany."}, "https://codexery.com/pre-columbian-empires/e/pre-columbian-empires/shang-dynasty/": {"t": "Shang dynasty", "s": "Earliest Chinese dynasty confirmed by archaeology and written records."}, "https://codexery.com/magazines/e/magazines/life-magazine/": {"t": "Life (magazine)", "s": "To see life; to see the world; to eyewitness great events", "i": "https://codexery.com/magazines/img/magazines/life-magazine.webp", "c": "Life Magazine · Public domain"}, "https://codexery.com/golden-age-hollywood/e/golden-age-hollywood/george-sanders/": {"t": "George Sanders", "s": "British actor known for sophisticated villain roles.", "i": "https://codexery.com/golden-age-hollywood/img/golden-age-hollywood/george-sanders.webp", "c": "Andrew Geddes · Public domain"}, "https://codexery.com/christopher-nolan/e/people/republic-pictures/": {"t": "Republic Pictures", "s": "A mini-major studio known for Westerns and serials."}, "https://codexery.com/live-and-let-die/e/live-and-let-die/the-saint/": {"t": "The Saint", "s": "British crime series starring Roger Moore as Simon Templar."}, "https://codexery.com/classic-hollywood-icons/e/classic-hollywood-icons/roger-moore/": {"t": "Roger Moore", "s": "Sir Roger George Moore (14 October 1927 – 23 May 2017) was an English actor best known for portraying James Bond in seven Eon Productions films, the most of any", "i": "https://codexery.com/classic-hollywood-icons/img/classic-hollywood-icons/roger-moore.webp", "c": "Allan warren · via Wikipedia: Roger Moore · CC BY-SA 3.0"}, "https://codexery.com/television-series-by-itc-entertainment/e/television-series-by-itc-entertainment/return-of-the-saint/": {"t": "Return of the Saint", "s": "A revival of The Saint for the late 1970s."}, "https://codexery.com/novels-by-harry-harrison/e/novels-by-harry-harrison/vendetta-for-the-saint/": {"t": "Vendetta for the Saint", "s": "First Saint novel after Charteris stopped writing."}, "https://codexery.com/mystery-crime-writers/e/mystery-and-crime-writers/agatha-christie/": {"t": "Agatha Christie", "s": "English author known for her 66 detective novels and 14 short-story collections", "i": "https://codexery.com/mystery-crime-writers/img/mystery-and-crime-writers/agatha-christie.webp", "c": "Joop van Bilsen for Anefo · via Wikipedia: Agatha Christie · CC0"}, "https://codexery.com/regions-of-england/e/regions-of-england/surrey/": {"t": "Surrey", "s": "A historic county in South East England with dense woodland."}, "https://codexery.com/territories-of-the-republic-of-venice/e/territories-of-the-republic-of-venice/cephalonia/": {"t": "Cephalonia", "s": "Largest Ionian island with ancient city-states and strategic history."}, "https://codexery.com/writing-systems/e/writing-systems/cyrillic-script/": {"t": "Cyrillic script", "s": "Third official script of the European Union.", "i": "https://codexery.com/writing-systems/img/writing-systems/cyrillic-script.webp", "c": "Crissov , Gojdo · CC BY-SA 4.0"}, "https://codexery.com/countries-and-territories/e/countries-and-territories/kosovo/": {"t": "Kosovo", "s": "Landlocked Southeast European country with partial diplomatic recognition."}, "https://codexery.com/christian-sacred-texts/e/christian-sacred-texts/book-of-genesis/": {"t": "Book of Genesis", "s": "First book of the Hebrew Bible, recounting creation and Israel's origins."}, "https://codexery.com/christian-sacred-texts/e/christian-sacred-texts/books-of-chronicles/": {"t": "Books of Chronicles", "s": "Biblical book concluding the Hebrew Bible, focusing on Judah's history."}, "https://codexery.com/islamic-mythology/e/islamic-mythology/qisas-al-anbiya/": {"t": "Qisas al-Anbiya", "s": "Collections of prophetic stories in Islamic tradition, derived from diverse sources and arranged chronologically."}, "https://codexery.com/entering-heaven-alive/e/entering-heaven-alive/muhammad/": {"t": "Muhammad", "s": "Founder of Islam and final prophet in Islamic belief."}, "https://codexery.com/genesis-creation-narrative/e/genesis-creation-narrative/anno-mundi/": {"t": "Anno Mundi", "s": "Calendar era based on biblical creation, used in Jewish and Byzantine traditions."}, "https://codexery.com/historical-figures/e/notable/maimonides/": {"t": "Maimonides", "s": "Sephardic Jewish rabbi, philosopher, and physician of the Middle Ages"}, "https://codexery.com/branches-of-christianity/e/branches-of-christianity/ethiopian-orthodox-tewahedo-church/": {"t": "Ethiopian Orthodox Tewahedo Church", "s": "Largest Oriental Orthodox church, originating in 4th-century Aksum.", "i": "https://codexery.com/branches-of-christianity/img/branches-of-christianity/ethiopian-orthodox-tewahedo-church.webp", "c": "via Wikipedia: Ethiopian Orthodox Tewahedo Church · see source"}, "https://codexery.com/writing-systems/e/writing-systems/ge-ez-script/": {"t": "Geʽez script", "s": "An abugida used for Ethiopian and Eritrean languages."}, "https://codexery.com/mythological-hunters/e/mythological-hunters/enos-book-of-mormon-prophet/": {"t": "Enos (Book of Mormon prophet)", "s": "Nephite prophet who prayed for personal and collective salvation."}, "https://codexery.com/islamic-scholars-mystics/e/islamic-scholars-and-mystics/ibn-kathir/": {"t": "Ibn Kathir", "s": "Arab exegete and historian, author of Tafsir Ibn Kathir.", "i": "https://codexery.com/islamic-scholars-mystics/img/islamic-scholars-and-mystics/ibn-kathir.webp", "c": "KneeHallHawk · CC0"}, "https://codexery.com/theological-and-philosophical-debates/e/theological-and-philosophical-debates/soteriology/": {"t": "Soteriology", "s": "Study of religious doctrines of salvation across traditions."}, "https://codexery.com/historical-figures/e/notable/john-the-baptist/": {"t": "John the Baptist", "s": "First-century preacher and baptizer revered as a prophet in multiple faiths."}, "/e/creators-of-writing-systems/carmenta/": {"t": "Carmenta", "s": "Roman goddess of childbirth, prophecy, and the Latin alphabet"}, "https://codexery.com/roman-mythology/e/roman-mythology/roman-mythology/": {"t": "Roman mythology", "s": "Roman myths blend history, politics, and divine destiny.", "i": "https://codexery.com/roman-mythology/img/roman-mythology/roman-mythology.webp", "c": "Wikimedia Commons · Public domain"}, "https://codexery.com/heroes-in-mythology-and-legend/e/heroes-in-mythology-and-legend/culture-hero/": {"t": "Culture hero", "s": "Mythological figure who changes the world through invention or discovery."}, "https://codexery.com/greek-myths/e/greek-myths/the-trojan-war/": {"t": "The Trojan War", "s": "Legendary Greek war against Troy, central to Homeric epics."}, "https://codexery.com/wolves-in-folklore-religion-and/e/wolves-in-folklore-religion-and-mythology/lupercalia/": {"t": "Lupercalia", "s": "Ancient Roman pastoral festival of purification and fertility."}, "https://codexery.com/historical-figures/e/scientists/polybius/": {"t": "Polybius", "s": "Ancient Greek historian of the middle Hellenistic period, author of The Histories"}, "https://codexery.com/greek-myths/e/greek-myths/heracles/": {"t": "Heracles", "s": "The greatest of Greek heroes, champion of the Olympian order, and a bridge between mortal and divine."}, "https://codexery.com/historical-figures/e/scientists/livy/": {"t": "Livy", "s": "Roman historian who wrote Ab Urbe Condita, a monumental history of Rome from its founding through the reign of Augustus."}, "https://codexery.com/classic-poetry-and-epics/e/classic-poetry-and-epics/the-aeneid/": {"t": "The Aeneid", "s": "Latin epic poem linking Troy to Rome's founding."}, "https://codexery.com/legendary-progenitors/e/legendary-progenitors/aeneas/": {"t": "Aeneas", "s": "Trojan hero and legendary progenitor of the Roman people."}, "https://codexery.com/giants/e/giants/cacus/": {"t": "Cacus", "s": "Fire-breathing giant slain by Hercules"}, "https://codexery.com/historical-figures/e/notable/augustus/": {"t": "Augustus", "s": "Founder of the Roman Empire and its first emperor."}, "https://codexery.com/characters-in-irish-mythology/e/characters-in-irish-mythology/baath-mac-magog/": {"t": "Baath mac Magog", "s": "Son of Magog and father of Fénius Farsaid."}, "https://codexery.com/flood-myths/e/flood-myths/lebor-gab-la-renn/": {"t": "Lebor Gabála Érenn", "s": "Medieval Irish pseudo-history of invasions from creation."}, "https://codexery.com/historical-cultural-concepts/e/historical-and-cultural-concepts/pharaoh/": {"t": "Pharaoh", "s": "Monarch of ancient Egypt, intermediary between gods and people."}, "https://codexery.com/characters-in-irish-mythology/e/characters-in-irish-mythology/cingris/": {"t": "Cingris", "s": "Pharaoh and father of Scota in Irish legend."}, "https://codexery.com/characters-in-irish-mythology/e/characters-in-irish-mythology/go-del-glas/": {"t": "Goídel Glas", "s": "Legendary ancestor of the Gaels and creator of their language."}, "https://codexery.com/writing-systems/e/writing-systems/hebrew-script/": {"t": "Hebrew script", "s": "A 22-letter, right-to-left abjad for Hebrew and other Jewish languages.", "i": "https://codexery.com/writing-systems/img/writing-systems/hebrew-script.webp", "c": "Treehill · CC BY-SA 4.0"}, "https://codexery.com/languages/e/languages/mandarin-chinese/": {"t": "Mandarin Chinese", "s": "Largest Sinitic language branch, basis of Standard Chinese.", "i": "https://codexery.com/languages/img/languages/mandarin-chinese.webp", "c": "via Wikipedia: Mandarin Chinese · see source"}, "https://codexery.com/branches-of-christianity/e/branches-of-christianity/anglicanism/": {"t": "Anglicanism", "s": "A Western Christian tradition rooted in the Church of England."}, "https://codexery.com/pre-columbian-empires/e/pre-columbian-empires/qing-dynasty/": {"t": "Qing dynasty", "s": "The Qing dynasty, also called the Great Qing or Qing China, was a Manchu-led imperial dynasty that ruled from 1636 or 1644 until 1912."}, "https://codexery.com/overseas-empires/e/overseas-empires/taiwan-under-qing-rule/": {"t": "Taiwan under Qing rule", "s": "Qing Taiwan: from annexation to cession in 212 years."}, "https://codexery.com/religious-traditions/e/religious-traditions/confucianism/": {"t": "Confucianism", "s": "A system of thought emphasizing virtue, harmony, and familial responsibility."}, "https://codexery.com/marsupials/e/marsupials/kangaroo/": {"t": "Kangaroo", "s": "Large marsupials native to Australia and New Guinea."}, "https://codexery.com/art-movements/e/art-movements/modernism/": {"t": "Modernism", "s": "Early 20th-century movement emphasizing experimentation and subjective experience."}, "https://codexery.com/philosophical-concepts/e/philosophical-concepts/abstraction/": {"t": "Abstraction", "s": "The process of generalizing rules and concepts from specific examples.", "i": "https://codexery.com/philosophical-concepts/img/philosophical-concepts/abstraction.webp", "c": "Simon Pierre Barrette ( Cephas ( talk )) · CC BY-SA 4.0"}, "https://codexery.com/philosophical-traditions/e/philosophical-traditions/deconstruction/": {"t": "Deconstruction", "s": "A method of analyzing text by exposing its internal contradictions."}, "https://codexery.com/performing-arts-crafts/e/performing-arts-and-crafts/lithography/": {"t": "Lithography", "s": "Lithography is a printing technique that relies on the natural repulsion between oil and water."}, "https://codexery.com/visual-arts-and-crafts/e/visual-arts-and-crafts/social-realism/": {"t": "Social realism", "s": "Art movement critiquing socio-political conditions of the working class."}, "https://codexery.com/visual-artists/e/visual-artists/henri-matisse/": {"t": "Henri Matisse", "s": "French visual artist known for colour and draughtsmanship, a leading Fauve and modern art figure.", "i": "https://codexery.com/visual-artists/img/visual-artists/henri-matisse.webp", "c": "Francesco Bini · CC BY-SA 4.0"}, "https://codexery.com/cities/e/coastal/sydney/": {"t": "Sydney", "s": "The Harbour City, capital of New South Wales and Australia's largest city."}, "https://codexery.com/cities-of-the-world/e/cities-of-the-world/adelaide/": {"t": "Adelaide", "s": "Capital of South Australia, founded as a free colony.", "i": "https://codexery.com/cities-of-the-world/img/cities-of-the-world/adelaide.webp", "c": "Photograph by Doug Barber · CC BY-SA 3.0"}, "https://codexery.com/historical-figures/e/artists/wassily-kandinsky/": {"t": "Wassily Kandinsky", "s": "Pioneer of abstraction and art theorist", "i": "https://codexery.com/historical-figures/img/artists/wassily-kandinsky.webp", "c": "Vassily Kandinsky by Adolf Elnain\n\nPhoto credits : Georges Meguerditchian - Centre Pompidou, MNAM-CCI /Dist. RMN-GP Image reference : 4N55985 · via Wikipedia: Wassily Kandinsky · Public domain"}, "https://codexery.com/visual-artists/e/visual-artists/piet-mondrian/": {"t": "Piet Mondrian", "s": "Pioneer of abstract art and co-founder of De Stijl.", "i": "https://codexery.com/visual-artists/img/visual-artists/piet-mondrian.webp", "c": "AnonymousUnknown author · via Wikipedia: Piet Mondrian · Public domain"}, "https://codexery.com/visual-arts-and-artworks/e/visual-arts-and-artworks/typography/": {"t": "Typography", "s": "The art and technique of arranging type for legibility, readability, and beauty."}, "https://codexery.com/cities/e/coastal/venice/": {"t": "Venice", "s": "The Floating City of Canals and History"}, "https://codexery.com/branches-of-christianity/e/branches-of-christianity/ecumenical-patriarchate-of-constantinople/": {"t": "Ecumenical Patriarchate of Constantinople", "s": "First among equals in Eastern Orthodox Christianity."}, "/e/creators-of-writing-systems/gregory-of-durr-s/": {"t": "Gregory of Durrës", "s": "Albanian scholar and printer who invented the Elbasan script and translated the Bible into Albanian."}, "https://codexery.com/cephalophores/e/cephalophores/jovan-vladimir/": {"t": "Jovan Vladimir", "s": "First Serbian saint and martyr, beheaded in 1016."}, "https://codexery.com/writing-systems/e/writing-systems/cursive/": {"t": "Cursive", "s": "A flowing penmanship style for faster writing."}, "https://codexery.com/early-church-fathers-and-saints/e/early-church-fathers-and-saints/john-chrysostom/": {"t": "John Chrysostom", "s": "Church Father and Archbishop of Constantinople known for eloquent preaching.", "i": "https://codexery.com/early-church-fathers-and-saints/img/early-church-fathers-and-saints/john-chrysostom.webp", "c": "via Wikipedia: John Chrysostom · see source"}, "https://codexery.com/cities/e/ancient-cities/istanbul/": {"t": "Istanbul", "s": "A city on two continents, bridging Europe and Asia."}, "https://codexery.com/cities/e/ancient-cities/damascus/": {"t": "Damascus", "s": "The oldest capital city in the world, nestled at the foothills of the Anti-Lebanon Mountains."}, "https://codexery.com/ethnic-groups/e/ethnic-groups/kurds/": {"t": "Kurds", "s": "An Iranic ethnic group indigenous to Kurdistan, spanning parts of Turkey, Iran, Iraq, and Syria."}, "https://codexery.com/universities/e/universities/istanbul-university/": {"t": "Istanbul University", "s": "First university in modern Turkey, founded in 1453.", "i": "https://codexery.com/universities/img/universities/istanbul-university.webp", "c": "Kadı · CC BY 4.0"}, "https://codexery.com/languages/e/languages/kurdish-language/": {"t": "Kurdish language", "s": "Northwestern Iranian language continuum of the Kurdish people."}, "https://codexery.com/languages-and-writing-systems/e/languages-and-writing-systems/russian-language/": {"t": "Russian language", "s": "An East Slavic language of the Indo-European family, native to Russia and widely spoken across Eurasia."}, "https://codexery.com/languages-and-dialects/e/languages-and-dialects/german-language/": {"t": "German language", "s": "German, known natively as Deutsch (pronounced [dɔɪ̯tʃ]), belongs to the West Germanic branch of the Indo-European language family and is spoken primarily across"}, "https://codexery.com/languages-of-the-world/e/languages-of-the-world/turkish-language/": {"t": "Turkish language", "s": "Most widely spoken Turkic language, official in Turkey and Cyprus."}, "https://codexery.com/languages-and-writing-systems/e/languages-and-writing-systems/persian-language/": {"t": "Persian language", "s": "Persian is a Western Iranian language with three standard varieties."}, "https://codexery.com/cities-of-the-world/e/cities-of-the-world/beirut/": {"t": "Beirut", "s": "Capital and largest city of Lebanon, ancient port and economic hub."}, "https://codexery.com/british-empire/e/british-empire/british-empire/": {"t": "British Empire", "s": "The largest empire in history, spanning a quarter of Earth's land."}, "https://codexery.com/fifa-world-cup/e/honours/soviet-union/": {"t": "Soviet Union", "s": "The world's flagship communist state and a superpower spanning Eurasia."}, "https://codexery.com/writing-systems/e/writing-systems/arabic-alphabet/": {"t": "Arabic alphabet", "s": "A 28-letter cursive abjad written right-to-left."}, "https://codexery.com/cities/e/ancient-cities/baghdad/": {"t": "Baghdad", "s": "Center of Learning"}, "/e/creators-of-writing-systems/louis-braille/": {"t": "Louis Braille", "s": "French educator who invented the braille system for the blind."}, "/e/creators-of-writing-systems/cyril-and-methodius/": {"t": "Cyril and Methodius", "s": "Byzantine brothers who devised the first Slavic alphabet."}, "https://codexery.com/ancient-empires/e/ancient-empires/first-bulgarian-empire/": {"t": "First Bulgarian Empire", "s": "Medieval Balkan power that rivaled Byzantium and shaped Slavic culture."}, "https://codexery.com/ethnic-groups/e/ethnic-groups/slavs/": {"t": "Slavs", "s": "Slavs: A diverse group of peoples speaking Slavic languages, with a rich history spanning Eurasia."}, "https://codexery.com/writing-systems/e/writing-systems/glagolitic-script/": {"t": "Glagolitic script", "s": "Oldest-known Slavic alphabet, created for liturgical translation."}, "https://codexery.com/other-european-regions/e/other-european-regions/macedonia-greece/": {"t": "Macedonia (Greece)", "s": "Largest Greek region, ancient kingdom of Alexander the Great."}, "https://codexery.com/cities-of-the-world/e/cities-of-the-world/belgrade/": {"t": "Belgrade", "s": "Capital of Serbia, ancient city at Danube and Sava confluence."}, "https://codexery.com/reformers-and-leaders-of-the-americas-an/e/reformers-and-leaders-of-the-americas-and-beyond/boris-i-of-bulgaria/": {"t": "Boris I of Bulgaria", "s": "Ruler who Christianized Bulgaria and fostered Slavic literacy.", "i": "https://codexery.com/reformers-and-leaders-of-the-americas-an/img/reformers-and-leaders-of-the-americas-and-beyond/boris-i-of-bulgaria.webp", "c": "Constantine of Preslav · Public domain"}, "https://codexery.com/religious-traditions/e/religious-traditions/christianity/": {"t": "Christianity", "s": "World's largest religion, centered on Jesus Christ."}, "https://codexery.com/languages-and-dialects/e/languages-and-dialects/greek-language/": {"t": "Greek language", "s": "Greek is the world's oldest recorded living language."}, "https://codexery.com/ethnic-groups/e/ethnic-groups/south-slavs/": {"t": "South Slavs", "s": "South Slavic peoples of Southeast Europe, including Bosniaks, Bulgarians, Croats, Macedonians, Montenegrins, Serbs, and Slovenes."}, "https://codexery.com/regions-cultural-spheres/e/regions-and-cultural-spheres/antarctica/": {"t": "Antarctica", "s": "Earth's southernmost, coldest, and least-populated continent."}, "https://codexery.com/branches-of-christianity/e/branches-of-christianity/lutheranism/": {"t": "Lutheranism", "s": "A major branch of Protestantism arising from Martin Luther's efforts to reform the Catholic Church."}, "https://codexery.com/christian-theology/e/christian-theology/christian-theology/": {"t": "Christian theology", "s": "Systematic study of Christian belief and practice.", "i": "https://codexery.com/christian-theology/img/christian-theology/christian-theology.webp", "c": "Montignac · CC BY-SA 4.0"}, "https://codexery.com/christian-theology/e/christian-theology/christian-mission/": {"t": "Christian mission", "s": "Organized efforts to spread Christianity across boundaries."}, "https://codexery.com/historical-figures/e/notable/benedict-of-nursia/": {"t": "Benedict of Nursia", "s": "Italian monk who authored the influential Rule of Saint Benedict."}, "https://codexery.com/european-regions/e/european-regions/moravia/": {"t": "Moravia", "s": "A historical land in the east of the Czech Republic, named after the Morava river."}, "https://codexery.com/christian-sacred-texts/e/christian-sacred-texts/gospel/": {"t": "Gospel", "s": "Episodic narratives of Jesus's words, deeds, death, and resurrection."}, "https://codexery.com/branches-of-christianity/e/branches-of-christianity/eastern-catholic-churches/": {"t": "Eastern Catholic Churches", "s": "23 autonomous Eastern Christian churches in full communion with Rome."}, "https://codexery.com/christian-sacred-texts/e/christian-sacred-texts/book-of-psalms/": {"t": "Book of Psalms", "s": "Anthology of Hebrew hymns, central to Jewish and Christian liturgy."}, "https://codexery.com/cities/e/ancient-cities/jerusalem/": {"t": "Jerusalem", "s": "A holy city to Judaism, Christianity, and Islam, and a focal point of the Israeli–Palestinian conflict."}, "https://codexery.com/languages/e/languages/latin/": {"t": "Latin", "s": "A classical language of the Italic branch, Latin evolved into the Romance languages and remained a key scholarly tongue into the early 19th century."}, "https://codexery.com/former-empires/e/former-empires/carolingian-empire/": {"t": "Carolingian Empire", "s": "Frankish empire that revived the Roman imperial title in the West."}, "https://codexery.com/historical-figures/e/notable/charlemagne/": {"t": "Charlemagne", "s": "Father of Europe"}, "https://codexery.com/early-church-fathers-and-saints/e/early-church-fathers-and-saints/clement-of-rome/": {"t": "Clement of Rome", "s": "Early Bishop of Rome and Apostolic Father."}, "/e/creators-of-writing-systems/clement-of-ohrid/": {"t": "Clement of Ohrid", "s": "Disciple of Cyril and Methodius, founder of the Ohrid Literary School."}, "https://codexery.com/entering-heaven-alive/e/entering-heaven-alive/nicene-creed/": {"t": "Nicene Creed", "s": "A creed distinguishing orthodox belief from heresy in Christianity."}, "https://codexery.com/languages-of-the-world/e/languages-of-the-world/slavic-languages/": {"t": "Slavic languages", "s": "The 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"https://codexery.com/ancient-empires-and-kingdoms/img/ancient-empires-and-kingdoms/third-dynasty-of-ur.webp", "c": "Daderot · Public domain"}, "https://codexery.com/deified-male-monarchs/e/deified-male-monarchs/naram-sin-of-akkad/": {"t": "Naram-Sin of Akkad", "s": "First Mesopotamian king to claim divinity and expand Akkad to its peak.", "i": "https://codexery.com/deified-male-monarchs/img/deified-male-monarchs/naram-sin-of-akkad.webp", "c": "Zunkir · CC BY-SA 4.0"}, "https://codexery.com/ancient-empires/e/ancient-empires/akkadian-empire/": {"t": "Akkadian Empire", "s": "The first empire in history?"}, "https://codexery.com/deities-in-the-hebrew-bible/e/deities-in-the-hebrew-bible/inanna/": {"t": "Inanna", "s": "Mesopotamian goddess of war, love, and the Queen of Heaven."}, "https://codexery.com/mesopotamian-myths/e/mesopotamian-myths/enmerkar-and-the-lord-of-aratta/": {"t": "Enmerkar and the Lord of Aratta", "s": "Sumerian legend of Enmerkar's demand for tribute from Aratta."}, "https://codexery.com/mesopotamian-myths/e/mesopotamian-myths/lugalbanda-in-the-mountain-cave/": {"t": "Lugalbanda in the Mountain Cave", "s": "A Sumerian tale of illness, divine healing, and sacrifice."}, "https://codexery.com/mesopotamian-myths/e/mesopotamian-myths/lugalbanda-and-the-anzud-bird/": {"t": "Lugalbanda and the Anzud Bird", "s": "Lugalbanda gains the Anzu bird's gift of swift travel."}, "https://codexery.com/cities/e/ancient-cities/babylon/": {"t": "Babylon", "s": "Ancient city on the Euphrates, heart of Babylonia and home of wonders."}, "https://codexery.com/lost-civilizations/e/lost-civilizations/the-kingdom-of-aksum/": {"t": "The Kingdom of Aksum", "s": "Aksum was a major ancient empire in the Horn of Africa."}, "https://codexery.com/world-heritage-sites-in-ethiopia/e/world-heritage-sites-in-ethiopia/axum/": {"t": "Axum", "s": "Ancient capital of the Aksumite Empire and UNESCO World Heritage site in Ethiopia."}, "https://codexery.com/historical-cultural-concepts/e/historical-and-cultural-concepts/slavery/": {"t": "Slavery", "s": "Slavery is the ownership of a person as property."}, "https://codexery.com/historical-figures/e/notable/athanasius-of-alexandria/": {"t": "Athanasius of Alexandria", "s": "Trinitarian theologian, patriarch of Alexandria, exiled five times."}, "https://codexery.com/emperors-of-the-byzantine-and-roman-worl/e/emperors-of-the-byzantine-and-roman-world/constantius-ii/": {"t": "Constantius II", "s": "Roman emperor whose reign saw civil wars and religious strife."}, "https://codexery.com/christian-theology/e/christian-theology/arianism/": {"t": "Arianism", "s": "A nontrinitarian doctrine named after Arius, condemned as heresy."}, "https://codexery.com/branches-of-christianity/e/branches-of-christianity/coptic-orthodox-church/": {"t": "Coptic Orthodox Church", "s": "Egypt's Oriental Orthodox church, led by the pope of Alexandria from Cairo.", "i": "https://codexery.com/branches-of-christianity/img/branches-of-christianity/coptic-orthodox-church.webp", "c": "via Wikipedia: Coptic Orthodox Church · see source"}, "https://codexery.com/religious-traditions/e/religious-traditions/sikhism/": {"t": "Sikhism", "s": "Indian monotheistic religion founded by Guru Nanak in the 15th century."}, "https://codexery.com/historical-figures/e/notable/babur/": {"t": "Babur", "s": "Founder of the Mughal Empire and author of the Baburnama."}, "https://codexery.com/hindu-and-buddhist-terms/e/hindu-and-buddhist-terms/durga/": {"t": "Durga", "s": "Invincible goddess of protection, strength, and the power of good over evil."}, "https://codexery.com/longevity-myths/e/longevity-myths/baba-buddha/": {"t": "Baba Buddha", "s": "Early Sikh figure who installed four gurus and lived to 124."}, "https://codexery.com/historical-figures/e/notable/humayun/": {"t": "Humayun", "s": "The second Mughal emperor who lost and regained his empire."}, "https://codexery.com/rivers-and-lakes/e/rivers-and-lakes/ganges/": {"t": "Ganges", "s": "The Ganges: sacred lifeline of India and Bangladesh, second-largest river system by discharge.", "i": "https://codexery.com/rivers-and-lakes/img/rivers-and-lakes/ganges.webp", "c": "Picture Prefect ! · CC BY-SA 4.0"}, "https://codexery.com/hinduism-and-jainism/e/hinduism-and-jainism/sadhu/": {"t": "Sadhu", "s": "Religious ascetics in Hinduism and Jainism who renounce worldly life for spiritual practice."}, "https://codexery.com/specific-languages/e/specific-languages/inuktitut/": {"t": "Inuktitut", "s": "One of the principal Inuit languages of Canada, spoken across the Arctic and recognized as official in Nunavut and the Northwest Territories."}, "https://codexery.com/canadian-folklore/e/canadian-folklore/hudson-s-bay-company/": {"t": "Hudson's Bay Company", "s": "North America's oldest corporation, liquidated in 2025."}, "https://codexery.com/countries-and-regions/e/countries-and-regions/ontario/": {"t": "Ontario", "s": "Canada's most populous province, home to Ottawa and Toronto."}, "https://codexery.com/branches-of-christianity/e/branches-of-christianity/protestantism/": {"t": "Protestantism", "s": "Christian movement originating in the 16th-century Protestant Reformation."}, "https://codexery.com/universities-and-colleges/e/universities-and-colleges/imperial-college-london/": {"t": "Imperial College London", "s": "Public research university formed from 1907 mergers in South Kensington."}, "https://codexery.com/revolutions-uprisings/e/revolutions-and-uprisings/1911-revolution/": {"t": "1911 Revolution", "s": "The uprising that ended millennia of imperial rule in China.", "i": "https://codexery.com/revolutions-uprisings/img/revolutions-and-uprisings/1911-revolution.webp", "c": "via Wikipedia: 1911 Revolution · see source"}, "https://codexery.com/rivers/e/rivers/salween-river/": {"t": "Salween River", "s": "A Southeast Asian river flowing from the Tibetan Plateau to the Andaman Sea, known for its rugged canyons, ecological diversity, and contested history.", "i": "https://codexery.com/rivers/img/rivers/salween-river.webp", "c": "via Wikipedia: Salween River · see source"}, "https://codexery.com/branches-of-christianity/e/branches-of-christianity/methodism/": {"t": "Methodism", "s": "A Protestant tradition emphasizing sanctification and methodical Christian living."}, "https://codexery.com/revolutions-uprisings/e/revolutions-and-uprisings/cultural-revolution/": {"t": "Cultural Revolution", "s": "A sociopolitical movement launched by Mao Zedong from 1966 to 1976.", "i": "https://codexery.com/revolutions-uprisings/img/revolutions-and-uprisings/cultural-revolution.webp", "c": "闫恩铭／Enming Yan · CC BY-SA 4.0"}, "https://codexery.com/ethnic-indigenous-groups/e/ethnic-and-indigenous-groups/yi-people/": {"t": "Yi people", "s": "An ethnic group in southern China, numbering nine million, with a rich oral tradition and a script for the Nuosu language."}, "https://codexery.com/jaws/e/jaws/martha-s-vineyard/": {"t": "Martha's Vineyard", "s": "Affluent Massachusetts island with a large seasonal population."}, "https://codexery.com/theology-and-religious-concepts/e/theology-and-religious-concepts/lord-s-prayer/": {"t": "Lord's Prayer", "s": "Central Christian prayer attributed to Jesus, with two gospel versions."}, "https://codexery.com/christian-sacred-texts/e/christian-sacred-texts/bible/": {"t": "Bible", "s": "Anthology of sacred texts for Judaism and Christianity."}, "https://codexery.com/socio-political-concepts/e/socio-political-concepts/theocracy/": {"t": "Theocracy", "s": "Government by divine guidance or religious officials."}, "https://codexery.com/u-s-states/e/u-s-states/massachusetts/": {"t": "Massachusetts", "s": "A New England state with a rich colonial and revolutionary history.", "i": "https://codexery.com/u-s-states/img/u-s-states/massachusetts.webp", "c": "TylerKutschbach · CC BY-SA 4.0"}, "https://codexery.com/theological-and-philosophical-debates/e/theological-and-philosophical-debates/anti-clericalism/": {"t": "Anti-clericalism", "s": "Opposition to religious authority, often targeting the Catholic Church."}, "https://codexery.com/historical-cultural-concepts/e/historical-and-cultural-concepts/bey/": {"t": "Bey", "s": "A Turkic title for chieftains and aristocrats, used across Central Asia, South Asia, Southeast Europe, and the Middle East.", "i": "https://codexery.com/historical-cultural-concepts/img/historical-and-cultural-concepts/bey.webp", "c": "Bernard Gagnon · CC BY 4.0"}, "https://codexery.com/languages/e/languages/italian-language/": {"t": "Italian language", "s": "A Romance language of the Indo-European family, standardised from literary Florentine Tuscan."}, "https://codexery.com/capital-cities-of-africa/e/capital-cities-of-africa/tripoli-libya/": {"t": "Tripoli, Libya", "s": "Capital and largest city of Libya, on the Mediterranean coast."}, "https://codexery.com/rebellions-in-the-ottoman-empire/e/rebellions-in-the-ottoman-empire/great-eastern-crisis/": {"t": "Great Eastern Crisis", "s": "A Balkan crisis that reshaped Ottoman and European power."}, "https://codexery.com/european-prime-ministers-and-statesmen/e/european-prime-ministers-and-statesmen/otto-von-bismarck/": {"t": "Otto von Bismarck", "s": "Prussian statesman who unified Germany and became its first chancellor."}, "https://codexery.com/cities-of-the-world/e/cities-of-the-world/bucharest/": {"t": "Bucharest", "s": "Capital and largest city of Romania, historically called 'Paris of the East'."}, "https://codexery.com/languages-of-the-world/e/languages-of-the-world/turkic-languages/": {"t": "Turkic languages", "s": "The Turkic languages form a family of over 35 documented languages, spoken by Turkic peoples across a vast stretch of Eurasia—from Southeastern and Eastern Euro"}, "https://codexery.com/electromagnetism-and-waves/e/electromagnetism-and-waves/refraction/": {"t": "Refraction", "s": "Refraction redirects waves when they change speed between media."}, "https://codexery.com/forza/e/story/british-isles/": {"t": "British Isles", "s": "The North Atlantic archipelago of Great Britain, Ireland and thousands of smaller islands.", "i": "https://codexery.com/forza/img/story/british-isles.webp", "c": "via Wikipedia: British Isles · see source"}, "https://codexery.com/historical-figures/e/notable/gottfried-wilhelm-leibniz/": {"t": "Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz", "s": "German polymath and co-creator of calculus"}, "https://codexery.com/regions-cultural-spheres/e/regions-and-cultural-spheres/americas/": {"t": "Americas", "s": "The New World landmass spanning from Arctic tundra to tropical rainforests.", "i": "https://codexery.com/regions-cultural-spheres/img/regions-and-cultural-spheres/americas.webp", "c": "GrandEscogriffe · CC BY-SA 4.0"}, "https://codexery.com/explorers-conquistadors/e/explorers-and-conquistadors/walter-raleigh/": {"t": "Walter Raleigh", "s": "English statesman, soldier, writer and explorer of the Elizabethan era."}, "https://codexery.com/greek-inventions/e/greek-inventions/astrolabe/": {"t": "Astrolabe", "s": "Ancient astronomical instrument used as a star chart and analog calculator."}, "https://codexery.com/u-s-states/e/u-s-states/north-carolina/": {"t": "North Carolina", "s": "Southern state known for first flight and early independence call."}, "https://codexery.com/astronomers-and-cosmologists/e/astronomers-and-cosmologists/johannes-kepler/": {"t": "Johannes Kepler", "s": "German polymath and father of modern astronomy", "i": "https://codexery.com/astronomers-and-cosmologists/img/astronomers-and-cosmologists/johannes-kepler.webp", "c": "via Wikipedia: Johannes Kepler · see source"}, "https://codexery.com/european-religious-and-political-conflic/e/european-religious-and-political-conflicts/gunpowder-plot/": {"t": "Gunpowder Plot", "s": "The failed 1605 plot to blow up the House of Lords and kill King James I."}, "https://codexery.com/astronomy/e/astronomy/halley-s-comet/": {"t": "Halley's Comet", "s": "First comet recognized as periodic, observed for over two millennia.", "i": "https://codexery.com/astronomy/img/astronomy/halley-s-comet.webp", "c": "via Wikipedia: Halley's Comet · see source"}, "https://codexery.com/diseases-and-conditions/e/diseases-and-conditions/skin-cancer/": {"t": "Skin cancer", "s": "Most common cancer in humans, primarily caused by UV radiation."}, "https://codexery.com/disasters/e/historic-disasters/the-great-fire-of-london/": {"t": "The Great Fire of London", "s": "The Great Fire of London consumed the medieval heart of the capital, burning from Sunday 2 September to Wednesday 5 September 1666."}, "https://codexery.com/ancient-greek-astronomy/e/ancient-greek-astronomy/heliocentrism/": {"t": "Heliocentrism", "s": "Superseded model placing Sun at universe's center."}, "https://codexery.com/economic-concepts-models/e/economic-concepts-and-models/compound-interest/": {"t": "Compound interest", "s": "Interest on interest, known since ancient times.", "i": "https://codexery.com/economic-concepts-models/img/economic-concepts-and-models/compound-interest.webp", "c": "Unknown author Unknown author or not provided · Public domain"}, "https://codexery.com/optics-and-photonics/e/optics-and-photonics/snell-s-law/": {"t": "Snell's law", "s": "Law describing refraction of light between two isotropic media.", "i": "https://codexery.com/optics-and-photonics/img/optics-and-photonics/snell-s-law.webp", "c": "U.S. Navy · Public domain"}, "https://codexery.com/u-s-states/e/u-s-states/virginia/": {"t": "Virginia", "s": "First permanent English colony in the New World."}, "https://codexery.com/international-organizations-and-agreemen/e/international-organizations-and-agreements/international-astronomical-union/": {"t": "International Astronomical Union", "s": "Global authority for astronomical naming and cooperation."}, "https://codexery.com/exoplanets-found-by-radial-velocity/e/exoplanets-found-by-radial-velocity/55-cancri-af/": {"t": "55 Cancri Af", "s": "First exoplanet found to orbit entirely in the habitable zone."}}