{"https://codexery.com/electromagnetism/e/electromagnetism/electromagnetic-radiation/": {"t": "Electromagnetic radiation", "s": "Self-propagating wave of the electromagnetic field carrying energy."}, "https://codexery.com/classical-mechanics/e/classical-mechanics/gravity/": {"t": "Gravity", "s": "Gravity is the fundamental attraction between objects with mass.", "i": "https://codexery.com/classical-mechanics/img/classical-mechanics/gravity.webp", "c": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/User:Nicoguaro · CC BY-SA 3.0"}, "https://codexery.com/astronomy/e/astronomy/galaxy-formation-and-evolution/": {"t": "Galaxy formation and evolution", "s": "Study of galaxy origins, structure, and change over cosmic time."}, "https://codexery.com/astronomy-space/e/astronomy-and-space/observable-universe/": {"t": "Observable universe", "s": "The portion of the universe visible from Earth."}, "https://codexery.com/galaxy-clusters-and-groups/e/galaxy-clusters-and-groups/galaxy-cluster/": {"t": "Galaxy cluster", "s": "Largest gravitationally bound structures, composed of galaxies, gas, and dark matter."}, "/e/cosmic-mysteries/the-cosmic-microwave-background/": {"t": "The cosmic microwave background", "s": "Relic radiation from the early universe."}, "https://codexery.com/cosmology-concepts/e/cosmology-concepts/lambda-cdm-model/": {"t": "Lambda-CDM model", "s": "Standard cosmological model of dark energy and cold dark matter."}, "https://codexery.com/relativity-and-spacetime/e/relativity-and-spacetime/mass-energy-equivalence/": {"t": "Mass–energy equivalence", "s": "Mass and energy are equivalent, related by the speed of light squared."}, "/e/cosmic-mysteries/dark-energy/": {"t": "Dark energy", "s": "The mysterious force accelerating the universe's expansion"}, "https://codexery.com/planets-stellar-astronomy/e/planets-and-stellar-astronomy/solar-system/": {"t": "Solar System", "s": "The Sun and all objects gravitationally bound to it.", "i": "https://codexery.com/planets-stellar-astronomy/img/planets-and-stellar-astronomy/solar-system.webp", "c": "via Wikipedia: Solar System · see source"}, "https://codexery.com/planets-and-dwarf-planets/e/planets-and-dwarf-planets/neptune/": {"t": "Neptune", "s": "The only planet discovered through mathematical prediction, not direct observation."}, "https://codexery.com/stars-and-stellar-objects/e/stars-and-stellar-objects/asteroid/": {"t": "Asteroid", "s": "Rocky, metallic, or icy minor planets orbiting the Sun, mostly in the main belt between Mars and Jupiter."}, "https://codexery.com/scientists-and-mathematicians/e/scientists-and-mathematicians/lord-kelvin/": {"t": "Lord Kelvin", "s": "Scottish mathematician, physicist, and engineer who determined absolute zero and helped formulate the laws of thermodynamics."}, "https://codexery.com/mathematicians/e/mathematicians/henri-poincar/": {"t": "Henri Poincaré", "s": "French polymath and last universalist mathematician.", "i": "https://codexery.com/mathematicians/img/mathematicians/henri-poincar.webp", "c": "via Wikipedia: Henri Poincaré · see source"}, "https://codexery.com/messier-objects/e/messier-objects/andromeda-galaxy/": {"t": "Andromeda Galaxy", "s": "Nearest major galaxy to the Milky Way."}, "https://codexery.com/philosophical-concepts/e/philosophical-concepts/hypothesis/": {"t": "Hypothesis", "s": "A proposed explanation requiring testable and reproducible prediction."}, "https://codexery.com/astronomy/e/astronomy/cosmic-ray/": {"t": "Cosmic ray", "s": "High-energy particles from space, discovered via balloon flights in 1912.", "i": "https://codexery.com/astronomy/img/astronomy/cosmic-ray.webp", "c": "Vahram Mekhitarian · CC BY-SA 4.0"}, "https://codexery.com/galaxies-and-their-properties/e/galaxies-and-their-properties/dark-matter-halo/": {"t": "Dark matter halo", "s": "Invisible mass scaffold that shapes and binds every galaxy.", "i": "https://codexery.com/galaxies-and-their-properties/img/galaxies-and-their-properties/dark-matter-halo.webp", "c": "ESO/L. Calçada · CC BY 4.0"}, "/e/cosmic-mysteries/dark-matter/": {"t": "Dark matter", "s": "Invisible matter inferred from gravitational effects on cosmic scales."}, "https://codexery.com/cosmology-concepts/e/cosmology-concepts/physical-cosmology/": {"t": "Physical cosmology", "s": "Study of the universe's origin, structure, and evolution."}, "https://codexery.com/cosmology-concepts/e/cosmology-concepts/accelerating-expansion-of-the-universe/": {"t": "Accelerating expansion of the universe", "s": "Discovery that the universe's expansion is speeding up, not slowing down."}, "https://codexery.com/cosmology-concepts/e/cosmology-concepts/structure-formation/": {"t": "Structure formation", "s": "Process creating galaxies and voids from density ripples."}, "https://codexery.com/particle-and-nuclear-physics/e/particle-and-nuclear-physics/neutrino/": {"t": "Neutrino", "s": "An elusive elementary particle that rarely interacts with matter."}, "https://codexery.com/electromagnetism/e/electromagnetism/photon/": {"t": "Photon", "s": "Quantum of light and force carrier for electromagnetism."}, "https://codexery.com/cosmology-concepts/e/cosmology-concepts/redshift/": {"t": "Redshift", "s": "Redshift measures the stretching of light from moving or distant sources."}, "https://codexery.com/astronomy/e/astronomy/hubble-s-law/": {"t": "Hubble's law", "s": "Galaxies recede faster the farther they are from Earth."}, "https://codexery.com/astronomy/e/astronomy/cosmological-constant/": {"t": "Cosmological constant", "s": "A coefficient in Einstein's equations explaining cosmic acceleration."}, "https://codexery.com/relativity-and-gravitation/e/relativity-and-gravitation/einstein-field-equations/": {"t": "Einstein field equations", "s": "Tensor equations linking spacetime geometry to matter-energy.", "i": "https://codexery.com/relativity-and-gravitation/img/relativity-and-gravitation/einstein-field-equations.webp", "c": "Hendrik Lorentz · Public domain"}, "https://codexery.com/historical-figures/e/notable/albert-einstein/": {"t": "Albert Einstein", "s": "Theoretical physicist who developed relativity and E=mc²"}, "https://codexery.com/scientists-and-mathematicians/e/scientists-and-mathematicians/edwin-hubble/": {"t": "Edwin Hubble", "s": "The astronomer who revealed the universe beyond the Milky Way"}, "https://codexery.com/astronomy/e/astronomy/cosmic-inflation/": {"t": "Cosmic inflation", "s": "A theory of exponential expansion of space in the very early universe, explaining the large-scale structure and uniformity of the cosmos."}, "https://codexery.com/astronomers-and-astrophysicists/e/astronomers-and-astrophysicists/saul-perlmutter/": {"t": "Saul Perlmutter", "s": "Astrophysicist who co-discovered the accelerating expansion of the universe.", "i": "https://codexery.com/astronomers-and-astrophysicists/img/astronomers-and-astrophysicists/saul-perlmutter.webp", "c": "Christopher Michel · via Wikipedia: Saul Perlmutter · CC BY-SA 4.0"}, "https://codexery.com/cosmology-concepts/e/cosmology-concepts/baryon-acoustic-oscillations/": {"t": "Baryon acoustic oscillations", "s": "Standard ruler from early universe sound waves."}, "https://codexery.com/astronomical-surveys/e/astronomical-surveys/2df-galaxy-redshift-survey/": {"t": "2dF Galaxy Redshift Survey", "s": "Redshift survey mapping cosmic structure to 2.5 billion light years."}, "https://codexery.com/nasa-space-probes/e/nasa-space-probes/wilkinson-microwave-anisotropy-probe/": {"t": "Wilkinson Microwave Anisotropy Probe", "s": "Mapped the cosmic microwave background to establish the standard cosmological model."}, "https://codexery.com/cosmology-concepts/e/cosmology-concepts/expansion-of-the-universe/": {"t": "Expansion of the universe", "s": "The increase in distance between gravitationally unbound parts of the universe."}, "https://codexery.com/astrophotography/e/astrophotography/dark-energy-spectroscopic-instrument/": {"t": "Dark Energy Spectroscopic Instrument", "s": "A spectrographic instrument probing dark energy and cosmic expansion."}, "/e/cosmic-mysteries/magnetars/": {"t": "Magnetars", "s": "Neutron stars with the most powerful magnetic fields in the universe."}, "https://codexery.com/astrophotography/e/astrophotography/radio-astronomy/": {"t": "Radio astronomy", "s": "Passive observation of celestial objects using radio waves.", "i": "https://codexery.com/astrophotography/img/astrophotography/radio-astronomy.webp", "c": "Maksym Kozlenko · CC BY-SA 4.0"}, "https://codexery.com/electromagnetism-and-waves/e/electromagnetism-and-waves/radio-wave/": {"t": "Radio wave", "s": "Electromagnetic waves with the longest wavelengths and lowest frequencies."}, "https://codexery.com/planets-stellar-astronomy/e/planets-and-stellar-astronomy/pulsar/": {"t": "Pulsar", "s": "Rotating neutron stars emitting regular electromagnetic pulses."}, "https://codexery.com/spiral-galaxies/e/spiral-galaxies/milky-way/": {"t": "Milky Way", "s": "The barred spiral galaxy containing the Solar System."}, "https://codexery.com/radio-telescopes/e/radio-telescopes/canadian-hydrogen-intensity-mapping-experiment/": {"t": "Canadian Hydrogen Intensity Mapping Experiment", "s": "A Canadian radio telescope mapping hydrogen to study dark energy."}, "https://codexery.com/electromagnetism-and-waves/e/electromagnetism-and-waves/magnetic-field/": {"t": "Magnetic field", "s": "A vector field quantifying magnetic influence at a given location."}, "/e/cosmic-mysteries/neutron-stars/": {"t": "Neutron stars", "s": "Gravitationally collapsed cores of massive stars, second only to black holes."}, "/e/cosmic-mysteries/black-holes/": {"t": "Black holes", "s": "An astronomical body whose gravity prevents anything, including light, from escaping."}, "https://codexery.com/astronomy-space/e/astronomy-and-space/light-year/": {"t": "Light-year", "s": "A unit of distance, not time, used for astronomical scales."}, "/e/cosmic-mysteries/gamma-ray-bursts/": {"t": "Gamma-ray bursts", "s": "Extremely energetic explosions in distant galaxies."}, "https://codexery.com/stars-and-stellar-phenomena/e/stars-and-stellar-phenomena/cassiopeia-a/": {"t": "Cassiopeia A", "s": "Brightest extrasolar radio source below 1 GHz, a supernova remnant in Cassiopeia."}, "https://codexery.com/quasars-and-galaxy-clusters/e/quasars-and-galaxy-clusters/cygnus-a/": {"t": "Cygnus A", "s": "One of the strongest radio sources in the sky."}, "https://codexery.com/radio-telescopes/e/radio-telescopes/very-large-array/": {"t": "Very Large Array", "s": "A versatile interferometer array for centimeter-wavelength radio astronomy."}, "https://codexery.com/radio-telescopes/e/radio-telescopes/parkes-observatory/": {"t": "Parkes Observatory", "s": "Home of Murriyang, the 64 m dish that relayed Apollo 11 TV."}, "https://codexery.com/galaxies/e/galaxies/dead-disk/": {"t": "Dead disk", "s": "Quiescent disk galaxy that no longer forms stars."}, "https://codexery.com/astronomy-space/e/astronomy-and-space/interstellar-medium/": {"t": "Interstellar medium", "s": "Matter and radiation between star systems in a galaxy."}, "https://codexery.com/neutron-stars/e/neutron-stars/blitzar/": {"t": "Blitzar", "s": "A hypothetical pulsar that collapses into a black hole."}, "https://codexery.com/elliptical-and-irregular-galaxies/e/elliptical-and-irregular-galaxies/small-magellanic-cloud/": {"t": "Small Magellanic Cloud", "s": "A dwarf irregular galaxy and naked-eye object near the Milky Way."}, "https://codexery.com/radio-telescopes/e/radio-telescopes/five-hundred-meter-aperture-spherical-telescope/": {"t": "Five-hundred-meter Aperture Spherical Telescope", "s": "World's largest single-dish radio telescope, located in Guizhou, China."}, "/e/cosmic-mysteries/seti/": {"t": "SETI", "s": "Exploring, understanding, and explaining the origin and nature of life in the universe."}, "https://codexery.com/constellations/e/constellations/sagittarius/": {"t": "Sagittarius (constellation)", "s": "A zodiac constellation representing a centaur archer.", "i": "https://codexery.com/constellations/img/constellations/sagittarius.webp", "c": "John Flamsteed · Public domain"}, "https://codexery.com/space-debris/e/space-debris/space-debris/": {"t": "Space debris", "s": "Defunct human-made objects in Earth orbit posing collision risks."}, "https://codexery.com/optics-and-photonics/e/optics-and-photonics/intensity-physics/": {"t": "Intensity (physics)", "s": "Power transferred per unit area perpendicular to energy propagation.", "i": "https://codexery.com/optics-and-photonics/img/optics-and-photonics/intensity-physics.webp", "c": "Doraemonplus · CC BY-SA 4.0"}, "https://codexery.com/communication-and-media/e/communication-and-media/signal-to-noise-ratio/": {"t": "Signal-to-noise ratio", "s": "Measure comparing signal power to background noise power."}, "https://codexery.com/historical-figures/e/notable/carl-sagan/": {"t": "Carl Sagan", "s": "American astronomer and influential science communicator."}, "https://codexery.com/radio-electronics/e/radio-electronics/local-oscillator/": {"t": "Local oscillator", "s": "Local oscillators enable frequency conversion in superheterodyne receivers and many communications systems.", "i": "https://codexery.com/radio-electronics/img/radio-electronics/local-oscillator.webp", "c": "Mister rf · CC BY-SA 4.0"}, "https://codexery.com/orbits-and-celestial-mechanics/e/orbits-and-celestial-mechanics/equatorial-coordinate-system/": {"t": "Equatorial coordinate system", "s": "A geocentric system for locating celestial objects.", "i": "https://codexery.com/orbits-and-celestial-mechanics/img/orbits-and-celestial-mechanics/equatorial-coordinate-system.webp", "c": "Anskar · CC BY-SA 3.0"}, "https://codexery.com/globular-clusters/e/globular-clusters/messier-55/": {"t": "Messier 55", "s": "A low-metallicity globular cluster in southern Sagittarius."}, "https://codexery.com/astronomy-space/e/astronomy-and-space/magnitude-astronomy/": {"t": "Magnitude (astronomy)", "s": "Logarithmic scale measuring stellar brightness, with lower values for brighter objects."}, "https://codexery.com/orbits-and-celestial-mechanics/e/orbits-and-celestial-mechanics/ecliptic/": {"t": "Ecliptic", "s": "Apparent path of the Sun on the celestial sphere.", "i": "https://codexery.com/orbits-and-celestial-mechanics/img/orbits-and-celestial-mechanics/ecliptic.webp", "c": "S.fonsi · CC BY-SA 3.0"}, "https://codexery.com/astronomical-concepts-and-techniques/e/astronomical-concepts-and-techniques/twinkling/": {"t": "Twinkling", "s": "Twinkling is atmospheric scintillation affecting distant light sources."}, "https://codexery.com/magazines-newspapers/e/magazines-and-newspapers/die-welt/": {"t": "Die Welt", "s": "Die Welt – a German newspaper of record"}, "https://codexery.com/binary-and-multiple-stars/e/binary-and-multiple-stars/astrometric-binary/": {"t": "Astrometric binary", "s": "Some stars appear to circle an invisible point."}, "https://codexery.com/stars-and-stellar-objects/e/stars-and-stellar-objects/constellation/": {"t": "Constellation", "s": "Patterns in the sky that guide stories and navigation."}, "https://codexery.com/constellations/e/constellations/cygnus/": {"t": "Cygnus", "s": "A northern constellation shaped like a swan."}, "https://codexery.com/british-science-fiction-television-shows/e/british-science-fiction-television-shows/red-dwarf/": {"t": "Red Dwarf", "s": "A British sci-fi comedy about the last human in space."}, "https://codexery.com/exoplanets/e/exoplanets/the-kepler-space-telescope/": {"t": "The Kepler space telescope", "s": "NASA telescope that discovered thousands of exoplanets."}, "https://codexery.com/exoplanets/e/exoplanets/the-transit-method/": {"t": "The transit method", "s": "Detects exoplanets by measuring starlight dimming during transit."}, "https://codexery.com/astronomy/e/astronomy/extraterrestrial-life/": {"t": "Extraterrestrial life", "s": "Hypothetical life originating from worlds beyond Earth."}, "https://codexery.com/hypothetical-astronomical-objects/e/hypothetical-astronomical-objects/disrupted-planet/": {"t": "Disrupted planet", "s": "A planet destroyed by a star or black hole."}, "https://codexery.com/international-organizations-and-agreemen/e/international-organizations-and-agreements/international-astronomical-union/": {"t": "International Astronomical Union", "s": "Global authority for astronomical naming and cooperation."}, "https://codexery.com/extraterrestrial-life-in-popular-culture/e/extraterrestrial-life-in-popular-culture/little-green-men/": {"t": "Little green men", "s": "Stereotypical extraterrestrial portrayed as small green humanoids."}, "https://codexery.com/astronomical-catalogues/e/astronomical-catalogues/star-catalogue/": {"t": "Star catalogue", "s": "Mapping the heavens: from clay tablets to billions of stars.", "i": "https://codexery.com/astronomical-catalogues/img/astronomical-catalogues/star-catalogue.webp", "c": "CielProfond · CC BY-SA 4.0"}, "https://codexery.com/novels-by-robert-a-heinlein/e/novels-by-robert-a-heinlein/variable-star/": {"t": "Variable Star", "s": "A young musician flees romance aboard a starship colony mission."}, "https://codexery.com/amateur-astronomy/e/amateur-astronomy/american-association-of-variable-star-observers/": {"t": "American Association of Variable Star Observers", "s": "Coordinates amateur variable star observations for professional research."}, "https://codexery.com/comets/e/comets/naming-of-comets/": {"t": "Naming of comets", "s": "Comets have been named by year, discoverer, and systematic codes."}, "https://codexery.com/optical-telescopes/e/optical-telescopes/pan-starrs/": {"t": "Pan-STARRS", "s": "Surveying the sky for moving or variable objects continually."}, "https://codexery.com/islands-and-archipelagos/e/islands-and-archipelagos/hawaii/": {"t": "Hawaii", "s": "Island state with a tropical climate and diverse heritage."}, "https://codexery.com/planets-and-dwarf-planets/e/planets-and-dwarf-planets/earth/": {"t": "Earth", "s": "The only known planet with liquid surface water and life."}, "https://codexery.com/named-stars/e/named-stars/sun/": {"t": "Sun", "s": "The Sun is the central star of the Solar System."}, "https://codexery.com/electromagnetism-and-radiation/e/electromagnetism-and-radiation/radiation-pressure/": {"t": "Radiation pressure", "s": "Mechanical pressure from electromagnetic radiation momentum exchange."}, "https://codexery.com/stars-and-stellar-phenomena/e/stars-and-stellar-phenomena/light-curve/": {"t": "Light curve", "s": "Graph of celestial light intensity over time."}, "https://codexery.com/planets-stellar-astronomy/e/planets-and-stellar-astronomy/planetary-system/": {"t": "Planetary system", "s": "A star's family of orbiting worlds and debris."}, "https://codexery.com/comets/e/comets/exocomet/": {"t": "Exocomet", "s": "Comets orbiting stars other than the Sun."}, "https://codexery.com/astronomy/e/astronomy/exoplanet/": {"t": "Exoplanet", "s": "An exoplanet, also called an extrasolar planet, is any planet that exists beyond our Solar System.", "i": "https://codexery.com/astronomy/img/astronomy/exoplanet.webp", "c": "European Space Agency · CC BY-SA 3.0 igo"}, "https://codexery.com/planets-and-dwarf-planets/e/planets-and-dwarf-planets/pluto/": {"t": "Pluto", "s": "Dwarf planet in the Kuiper belt, once the ninth planet."}, "https://codexery.com/british-inventors/e/british-inventors/arthur-c-clarke/": {"t": "Arthur C. Clarke", "s": "Prophet of the Space Age and co-writer of 2001: A Space Odyssey."}, "https://codexery.com/optical-telescopes/e/optical-telescopes/canada-france-hawaii-telescope/": {"t": "Canada–France–Hawaii Telescope", "s": "3.58-meter optical/infrared telescope on Mauna Kea since 1979."}, "https://codexery.com/media-and-publishing/e/media-and-publishing/nature-journal/": {"t": "Nature (journal)", "s": "British weekly journal of peer-reviewed natural science research.", "i": "https://codexery.com/media-and-publishing/img/media-and-publishing/nature-journal.webp", "c": "ESO/M. Kornmesser (photo displayed on the magazine cover) · via Wikipedia: Nature (journal) · CC BY 4.0"}, "https://codexery.com/space-missions/e/space-missions/the-hubble-space-telescope/": {"t": "The Hubble Space Telescope", "s": "A versatile space telescope observing ultraviolet, visible, and near-infrared light."}, "https://codexery.com/missions-to-the-sun/e/missions-to-the-sun/stereo/": {"t": "STEREO", "s": "Two spacecraft providing stereoscopic views of the Sun."}, "https://codexery.com/science-measurement/e/science-and-measurement/radio-telescope/": {"t": "Radio telescope", "s": "Detecting the invisible universe through radio waves.", "i": "https://codexery.com/science-measurement/img/science-and-measurement/radio-telescope.webp", "c": "Photograph by Mike Peel ( www.mikepeel.net ). · CC BY-SA 4.0"}, "https://codexery.com/radio-telescopes/e/radio-telescopes/allen-telescope-array/": {"t": "Allen Telescope Array", "s": "A radio array for astronomy and SETI, pioneered by Paul Allen."}, "https://codexery.com/astronomy-space/e/astronomy-and-space/kuiper-belt/": {"t": "Kuiper belt", "s": "A circumstellar disc of icy bodies beyond Neptune."}, "https://codexery.com/historical-figures/e/notable/enrico-fermi/": {"t": "Enrico Fermi", "s": "Architect of the nuclear age and the atomic bomb."}, "https://codexery.com/scientists-and-mathematicians/e/scientists-and-mathematicians/edward-teller/": {"t": "Edward Teller", "s": "Hungarian-American physicist, father of the hydrogen bomb."}, "https://codexery.com/writers-poets/e/writers-and-poets/jules-verne/": {"t": "Jules Verne", "s": "French novelist, poet, and playwright; creator of the Voyages extraordinaires."}, "https://codexery.com/earth/e/earth/rare-earth-hypothesis/": {"t": "Rare Earth hypothesis", "s": "Hypothesis that complex life is rare in the universe."}, "https://codexery.com/u-s-states/e/u-s-states/new-mexico/": {"t": "New Mexico", "s": "Land of diverse cultures, history, and high desert."}, "https://codexery.com/relativity-and-gravitation/e/relativity-and-gravitation/faster-than-light/": {"t": "Faster-than-light", "s": "Hypothetical travel or communication faster than the speed of light."}, "https://codexery.com/space-exploration-novels/e/space-exploration-novels/around-the-moon/": {"t": "Around the Moon", "s": "Sequel to Verne's lunar voyage, continuing the trip to the Moon."}, "https://codexery.com/philosophical-traditions/e/philosophical-traditions/dialectical-materialism/": {"t": "Dialectical materialism", "s": "A materialist philosophy of nature and society based on Hegelian dialectics.", "i": "https://codexery.com/philosophical-traditions/img/philosophical-traditions/dialectical-materialism.webp", "c": "Omar kandil · CC BY-SA 3.0"}, "https://codexery.com/fifa-world-cup/e/honours/soviet-union/": {"t": "Soviet Union", "s": "The world's flagship communist state and a superpower spanning Eurasia."}, "https://codexery.com/probability-statistics/e/probability-and-statistics/probability-theory/": {"t": "Probability theory", "s": "Mathematical study of randomness and uncertainty."}, "https://codexery.com/amateur-radio/e/amateur-radio/frequency-plan/": {"t": "Frequency plan", "s": "A band plan defines how a radio band is used and shared."}, "https://codexery.com/stars-of-eridanus/e/stars-of-eridanus/epsilon-eridani/": {"t": "Epsilon Eridani", "s": "A nearby K-type star with a planet and debris disk."}, "https://codexery.com/stars-of-cetus/e/stars-of-cetus/tau-ceti/": {"t": "Tau Ceti", "s": "A nearby, stable, Sun-like star with a debris disk."}, "https://codexery.com/chemists-and-biochemists/e/chemists-and-biochemists/melvin-calvin/": {"t": "Melvin Calvin", "s": "Biochemist who mapped carbon's path in photosynthesis."}, "https://codexery.com/egyptian-inventions/e/egyptian-inventions/scientific-methodology/": {"t": "Scientific methodology", "s": "Empirical method for knowledge through observation, hypothesis, and experiment."}, "https://codexery.com/biochemistry-and-cell-biology/e/biochemistry-and-cell-biology/abiogenesis/": {"t": "Abiogenesis", "s": "Natural process by which life arises from non-living matter."}, "https://codexery.com/types-of-planet/e/types-of-planet/terrestrial-planet/": {"t": "Terrestrial planet", "s": "Rocky planets with solid surfaces, including Earth and similar worlds."}, "https://codexery.com/exoplanets/e/exoplanets/the-habitable-zone/": {"t": "The habitable zone", "s": "The range of orbits around a star where liquid water could exist on a planetary surface."}, "https://codexery.com/exoplanets/e/exoplanets/proxima-centauri-b/": {"t": "Proxima Centauri b", "s": "The closest known exoplanet to Earth, orbiting within the habitable zone of a red dwarf star."}, "/e/cosmic-mysteries/the-fermi-paradox/": {"t": "The Fermi paradox", "s": "A paradox questioning the absence of extraterrestrial evidence."}, "https://codexery.com/cosmology-concepts/e/cosmology-concepts/universe/": {"t": "Universe", "s": "The totality of all space, time, matter, and energy."}, "https://codexery.com/probability-statistics/e/probability-and-statistics/prior-probability/": {"t": "Prior probability", "s": "Prior probability represents belief before new evidence."}, "https://codexery.com/cosmology-concepts/e/cosmology-concepts/anthropic-principle/": {"t": "Anthropic principle", "s": "Observable universe must allow observers to exist."}, "https://codexery.com/eukaryote-groups-and-taxonomy/e/eukaryote-groups-and-taxonomy/eukaryote/": {"t": "Eukaryote", "s": "Cellular organisms with a membrane-bound nucleus and organelles, including animals, plants, fungi, and protists."}, "/e/cosmic-mysteries/the-wow-signal/": {"t": "The Wow! signal", "s": "A 72-second radio anomaly that remains unexplained."}, "https://codexery.com/european-scientific-pioneers/e/european-scientific-pioneers/stephen-hawking/": {"t": "Stephen Hawking", "s": "English theoretical astrophysicist who predicted Hawking radiation.", "i": "https://codexery.com/european-scientific-pioneers/img/european-scientific-pioneers/stephen-hawking.webp", "c": "via Wikipedia: Stephen Hawking · see source"}, "https://codexery.com/inventors/e/great-inventors/nikola-tesla/": {"t": "Nikola Tesla", "s": "Serbian-American inventor of the modern AC electricity system.", "i": "https://codexery.com/inventors/img/great-inventors/nikola-tesla.webp", "c": "via Wikipedia: Nikola Tesla · see source"}, "https://codexery.com/planets-and-dwarf-planets/e/planets-and-dwarf-planets/mars/": {"t": "Mars", "s": "The fourth planet from the Sun, a desert world with polar ice caps."}, "https://codexery.com/inventors/e/great-inventors/guglielmo-marconi/": {"t": "Guglielmo Marconi", "s": "Italian inventor of practical wireless telegraphy and Nobel laureate.", "i": "https://codexery.com/inventors/img/great-inventors/guglielmo-marconi.webp", "c": "via Wikipedia: Guglielmo Marconi · see source"}, "https://codexery.com/transportation-engineering/e/transportation-engineering/airship/": {"t": "Airship", "s": "First powered, controlled aircraft; declined after high-profile accidents.", "i": "https://codexery.com/transportation-engineering/img/transportation-engineering/airship.webp", "c": "Self Scanned · Public domain"}, "https://codexery.com/radio-spectrum/e/radio-spectrum/microwave/": {"t": "Microwave", "s": "Electromagnetic radiation between radio waves and infrared, used widely in technology."}, "https://codexery.com/electromagnetism-and-waves/e/electromagnetism-and-waves/frequency/": {"t": "Frequency", "s": "Frequency measures repeating events per unit time."}, "https://codexery.com/meteorology/e/meteorology/hertz/": {"t": "Hertz", "s": "German physicist who proved electromagnetic waves exist."}, "https://codexery.com/radio-telescopes/e/radio-telescopes/arecibo-telescope/": {"t": "Arecibo Telescope", "s": "World's largest single-aperture telescope for 53 years."}, "https://codexery.com/astronomy/e/astronomy/event-horizon/": {"t": "Event horizon", "s": "A spacetime boundary beyond which no signal can reach an observer."}, "https://codexery.com/relativity-and-gravitation/e/relativity-and-gravitation/gravitational-singularity/": {"t": "Gravitational singularity", "s": "A point where spacetime breaks down catastrophically.", "i": "https://codexery.com/relativity-and-gravitation/img/relativity-and-gravitation/gravitational-singularity.webp", "c": "Yukterez (Simon Tyran, Vienna) . Source material for the Milky way background (a · CC BY-SA 4.0"}, "https://codexery.com/relativity-and-gravitation/e/relativity-and-gravitation/gravitational-field/": {"t": "Gravitational field", "s": "A vector field explaining gravitational influences around a body.", "i": "https://codexery.com/relativity-and-gravitation/img/relativity-and-gravitation/gravitational-field.webp", "c": "MikeRun · CC BY-SA 4.0"}, "https://codexery.com/planets-stellar-astronomy/e/planets-and-stellar-astronomy/stellar-evolution/": {"t": "Stellar evolution", "s": "Stars evolve from gas clouds to white dwarfs, neutron stars, or black holes."}, "https://codexery.com/black-holes/e/black-holes/direct-collapse-black-hole/": {"t": "Direct collapse black hole", "s": "Massive black hole seeds from direct gas collapse."}, "https://codexery.com/black-holes/e/black-holes/supermassive-black-hole/": {"t": "Supermassive black hole", "s": "Supermassive black holes anchor the centers of most large galaxies.", "i": "https://codexery.com/black-holes/img/black-holes/supermassive-black-hole.webp", "c": "Event Horizon Telescope · via Wikipedia: Supermassive black hole · CC BY 4.0"}, "https://codexery.com/black-holes/e/black-holes/black-hole-greybody-factors/": {"t": "Black hole greybody factors", "s": "Factors altering Hawking radiation from perfect black-body spectrum."}, "https://codexery.com/black-holes/e/black-holes/stellar-black-hole/": {"t": "Stellar black hole", "s": "Black hole formed by gravitational collapse of a star.", "i": "https://codexery.com/black-holes/img/black-holes/stellar-black-hole.webp", "c": "ESO/L. Calçada/M.Kornmesser · via Wikipedia: Stellar black hole · CC BY 4.0"}, "https://codexery.com/binary-and-multiple-stars/e/binary-and-multiple-stars/accretion-disk/": {"t": "Accretion disk", "s": "Accretion disks are ubiquitous structures that drive mass onto central objects."}, "https://codexery.com/classical-mechanics/e/classical-mechanics/friction/": {"t": "Friction", "s": "Force resisting relative motion of surfaces and fluid layers.", "i": "https://codexery.com/classical-mechanics/img/classical-mechanics/friction.webp", "c": "ترتيل سيد احمد · CC BY-SA 4.0"}, "https://codexery.com/black-holes/e/black-holes/gravitational-wave/": {"t": "Gravitational wave", "s": "Ripples in spacetime carrying energy at light speed."}, "https://codexery.com/orbits-and-celestial-mechanics/e/orbits-and-celestial-mechanics/escape-velocity/": {"t": "Escape velocity", "s": "Minimum speed to escape a body's gravitational pull.", "i": "https://codexery.com/orbits-and-celestial-mechanics/img/orbits-and-celestial-mechanics/escape-velocity.webp", "c": "Richard West · CC BY-SA 2.0"}, "https://codexery.com/binary-and-multiple-stars/e/binary-and-multiple-stars/binary-black-hole/": {"t": "Binary black hole", "s": "Two black holes in close orbit, confirmed by gravitational waves."}, "https://codexery.com/constellations/e/constellations/scorpius/": {"t": "Scorpius", "s": "Zodiac constellation with bright stars and rich mythology.", "i": "https://codexery.com/constellations/img/constellations/scorpius.webp", "c": "Krzysztof Ziarnek, Kenraiz · CC BY-SA 4.0"}, "https://codexery.com/messier-objects/e/messier-objects/butterfly-cluster/": {"t": "Butterfly Cluster", "s": "An open cluster in Scorpius named for its butterfly shape."}, "https://codexery.com/variable-stars/e/variable-stars/lambda-scorpii/": {"t": "Lambda Scorpii", "s": "A bright triple star system in the tail of Scorpius."}, "https://codexery.com/astronomical-radio-sources/e/astronomical-radio-sources/astronomical-radio-source/": {"t": "Astronomical radio source", "s": "Objects in space emitting strong radio waves from extreme processes."}, "https://codexery.com/astronomy-space/e/astronomy-and-space/messier-87/": {"t": "Messier 87", "s": "A supergiant elliptical galaxy with a relativistic jet and supermassive black hole."}, "https://codexery.com/supernova-remnants/e/supernova-remnants/sagittarius-a/": {"t": "Sagittarius A", "s": "A complex radio source at the Milky Way's center."}, "https://codexery.com/stars-of-sagittarius/e/stars-of-sagittarius/s2-star/": {"t": "S2 (star)", "s": "Star orbiting the Milky Way's central supermassive black hole."}, "https://codexery.com/astronomers-and-astrophysicists/e/astronomers-and-astrophysicists/reinhard-genzel/": {"t": "Reinhard Genzel", "s": "German astrophysicist who co-discovered the Milky Way's central supermassive black hole.", "i": "https://codexery.com/astronomers-and-astrophysicists/img/astronomers-and-astrophysicists/reinhard-genzel.webp", "c": "MPE · via Wikipedia: Reinhard Genzel · CC BY-SA 3.0"}, "https://codexery.com/women-in-science/e/women-in-science/andrea-m-ghez/": {"t": "Andrea M. Ghez", "s": "Astrophysicist who co-discovered the Milky Way's central supermassive black hole."}, "https://codexery.com/mathematics-and-cryptography/e/mathematics-and-cryptography/roger-penrose/": {"t": "Roger Penrose", "s": "Mathematician and physicist who revolutionized black hole theory."}, "https://codexery.com/astrophotography/e/astrophotography/aperture-synthesis/": {"t": "Aperture synthesis", "s": "A technique combining telescope signals to achieve high angular resolution."}, "https://codexery.com/optics-and-color/e/optics-and-color/speed-of-light/": {"t": "Speed of light", "s": "Universal constant defining the maximum speed in spacetime."}, "https://codexery.com/electromagnetism-and-waves/e/electromagnetism-and-waves/gamma-ray/": {"t": "Gamma ray", "s": "Penetrating electromagnetic radiation from nuclear decay and cosmic events."}, "https://codexery.com/electromagnetism-and-radiation/e/electromagnetism-and-radiation/ultraviolet/": {"t": "Ultraviolet", "s": "Electromagnetic radiation beyond violet, with both harmful and beneficial effects."}, "https://codexery.com/electromagnetism-and-radiation/e/electromagnetism-and-radiation/visible-spectrum/": {"t": "Visible spectrum", "s": "The range of electromagnetic radiation visible to the human eye."}, "https://codexery.com/electromagnetism-and-waves/e/electromagnetism-and-waves/infrared/": {"t": "Infrared", "s": "Invisible electromagnetic radiation between visible light and microwaves."}, "https://codexery.com/stellar-phenomena/e/stellar-phenomena/superluminous-supernova/": {"t": "Superluminous supernova", "s": "Stellar explosions exceeding standard supernova luminosity by tenfold or more."}, "https://codexery.com/neutron-stars/e/neutron-stars/neutron-star-merger/": {"t": "Neutron star merger", "s": "Collisions of neutron stars produce heavy elements and gamma-ray bursts."}, "https://codexery.com/stars-and-stellar-objects/e/stars-and-stellar-objects/comet/": {"t": "Comet", "s": "Icy wanderers that bloom when near the Sun."}, "https://codexery.com/space-telescopes/e/space-telescopes/bepposax/": {"t": "BeppoSAX", "s": "Italian–Dutch satellite that resolved the origin of gamma-ray bursts."}, "https://codexery.com/black-holes/e/black-holes/tidal-disruption-event/": {"t": "Tidal disruption event", "s": "A star torn apart by a supermassive black hole."}, "https://codexery.com/classical-and-continuum-mechanics/e/classical-and-continuum-mechanics/tidal-force/": {"t": "Tidal force", "s": "Differential gravity stretches bodies and drives tides across the cosmos."}, "https://codexery.com/galaxy-clusters-and-groups/e/galaxy-clusters-and-groups/hydra-centaurus-supercluster/": {"t": "Hydra–Centaurus Supercluster", "s": "Closest supercluster neighbor to Virgo, spanning two parts."}, "https://codexery.com/galaxy-clusters-and-groups/e/galaxy-clusters-and-groups/shapley-supercluster/": {"t": "Shapley Supercluster", "s": "A bound supercluster pulling itself together, not expanding with the universe."}, "https://codexery.com/astrophotography/e/astrophotography/x-ray-astronomy/": {"t": "X-ray astronomy", "s": "Observing the universe in X-rays from above Earth's atmosphere."}, "https://codexery.com/galaxy-clusters-and-groups/e/galaxy-clusters-and-groups/laniakea-supercluster/": {"t": "Laniakea Supercluster", "s": "Home supercluster of the Milky Way and 100,000 nearby galaxies."}, "https://codexery.com/astronomy-space/e/astronomy-and-space/local-group/": {"t": "Local Group", "s": "Galaxy group containing the Milky Way and Andromeda."}, "https://codexery.com/astronomers-and-astrophysicists/e/astronomers-and-astrophysicists/sandra-faber/": {"t": "Sandra Faber", "s": "American astrophysicist known for the Faber–Jackson relation and dark matter research."}, "https://codexery.com/constellations/e/constellations/norma-constellation/": {"t": "Norma (constellation)", "s": "A small southern constellation representing a carpenter's square or level.", "i": "https://codexery.com/constellations/img/constellations/norma-constellation.webp", "c": "ESO, IAU and Sky & Telescope · CC BY 4.0"}, "https://codexery.com/constellations/e/constellations/triangulum-australe/": {"t": "Triangulum Australe", "s": "A small southern triangle of bright stars in the Milky Way."}, "https://codexery.com/galaxy-filaments/e/galaxy-filaments/galaxy-filament/": {"t": "Galaxy filament", "s": "Galaxy filaments are the largest known structures in the universe."}, "https://codexery.com/constellations/e/constellations/centaurus/": {"t": "Centaurus", "s": "A large southern constellation with the nearest star system to Earth."}, "https://codexery.com/science-measurement/e/science-and-measurement/optical-telescope/": {"t": "Optical telescope", "s": "Instrument that gathers visible light to magnify distant objects.", "i": "https://codexery.com/science-measurement/img/science-and-measurement/optical-telescope.webp", "c": "NASA Goddard Space Flight Center from Greenbelt, MD, USA · Public domain"}, "https://codexery.com/cosmology-concepts/e/cosmology-concepts/discovery-of-cosmic-microwave-background-radiation/": {"t": "Discovery of cosmic microwave background radiation", "s": "The discovery of cosmic microwave background radiation reshaped modern physical cosmology."}, "https://codexery.com/astronomers-and-cosmologists/e/astronomers-and-cosmologists/arno-allan-penzias/": {"t": "Arno Allan Penzias", "s": "Co-discoverer of cosmic microwave background radiation.", "i": "https://codexery.com/astronomers-and-cosmologists/img/astronomers-and-cosmologists/arno-allan-penzias.webp", "c": "via Wikipedia: Arno Allan Penzias · see source"}, "https://codexery.com/materials-and-states-of-matter/e/materials-and-states-of-matter/plasma-physics/": {"t": "Plasma (physics)", "s": "Plasma is the fourth state of matter, consisting of ionized gas."}, "https://codexery.com/cosmology-concepts/e/cosmology-concepts/recombination-cosmology/": {"t": "Recombination (cosmology)", "s": "Epoch when electrons and protons first formed neutral hydrogen atoms."}, "https://codexery.com/space-probes-of-esa-japan-china-india/e/space-probes-of-esa-japan-china-india-and-the-ussr/planck-spacecraft/": {"t": "Planck (spacecraft)", "s": "ESA observatory that mapped the cosmic microwave background with unprecedented precision."}, "https://codexery.com/electromagnetism-and-waves/e/electromagnetism-and-waves/polarization-waves/": {"t": "Polarization (waves)", "s": "Property of transverse waves specifying oscillation orientation."}, "https://codexery.com/astronomers-and-astrophysicists/e/astronomers-and-astrophysicists/georges-lema-tre/": {"t": "Georges Lemaître", "s": "Belgian priest and physicist who first proposed the Big Bang theory.", "i": "https://codexery.com/astronomers-and-astrophysicists/img/astronomers-and-astrophysicists/georges-lema-tre.webp", "c": "via Wikipedia: Georges Lemaître · see source"}, "https://codexery.com/social-issues/e/social-issues/nobel-prize/": {"t": "Nobel Prize", "s": "Prestigious awards for the greatest benefit to humankind."}, "https://codexery.com/scientists-and-mathematicians/e/scientists-and-mathematicians/max-planck/": {"t": "Max Planck", "s": "German theoretical physicist who originated quantum theory."}, "https://codexery.com/cosmology-concepts/e/cosmology-concepts/chronology-of-the-universe/": {"t": "Chronology of the universe", "s": "Standard timeline of cosmic history from inflation to present."}, "https://codexery.com/stellar-phenomena/e/stellar-phenomena/supergiant/": {"t": "Supergiant", "s": "Massive, luminous stars at the top of the Hertzsprung–Russell diagram."}, "https://codexery.com/black-holes/e/black-holes/gravitational-collapse/": {"t": "Gravitational collapse", "s": "Gravitational collapse shapes stars, remnants, and black holes.", "i": "https://codexery.com/black-holes/img/black-holes/gravitational-collapse.webp", "c": "Illustration by R.J. Hall. Redrawn in Inkscape by Magasjukur2 · via Wikipedia: Gravitational collapse · CC BY-SA 3.0"}, "https://codexery.com/stellar-evolution/e/stellar-evolution/white-dwarf/": {"t": "White dwarf", "s": "A compact star supported by electron degeneracy pressure."}, "https://codexery.com/neutron-stars/e/neutron-stars/kilonova/": {"t": "Kilonova", "s": "A transient from neutron star mergers, powered by r-process decay."}, "https://codexery.com/stars-of-aquila/e/stars-of-aquila/hulse-taylor-pulsar/": {"t": "Hulse–Taylor pulsar", "s": "First binary pulsar discovered, used to test general relativity."}, "https://codexery.com/astronomy-space/e/astronomy-and-space/main-sequence/": {"t": "Main sequence", "s": "Stars spend most of their lives on the main sequence."}, "https://codexery.com/neutron-stars/e/neutron-stars/chandrasekhar-limit/": {"t": "Chandrasekhar limit", "s": "Maximum mass of a stable white dwarf star."}, "https://codexery.com/stars-of-sextans/e/stars-of-sextans/psr-j0952-0607/": {"t": "PSR J0952−0607", "s": "Most massive neutron star known, second-fastest-spinning pulsar."}, "/e/cosmic-mysteries/fast-radio-bursts/": {"t": "Fast radio bursts", "s": "Transient radio bursts of high-energy astrophysical origin, not yet fully understood."}, "https://codexery.com/units-measurement/e/units-and-measurement/tesla-unit/": {"t": "Tesla (unit)", "s": "SI unit of magnetic flux density, named after Nikola Tesla."}, "https://codexery.com/radio-telescopes/e/radio-telescopes/australian-square-kilometre-array-pathfinder/": {"t": "Australian Square Kilometre Array Pathfinder", "s": "A radio telescope array using phased-array feed technology for wide-field surveys."}, "https://codexery.com/neutron-stars/e/neutron-stars/quake-natural-phenomenon/": {"t": "Quake (natural phenomenon)", "s": "A quake is a seismic event on any celestial body."}, "https://codexery.com/geology/e/geology/earth-s-magnetic-field/": {"t": "Earth's magnetic field", "s": "Earth's magnetic field, generated by a geodynamo in the outer core, protects the planet from solar wind and cosmic rays."}, "https://codexery.com/chemistry-materials/e/chemistry-and-materials/lead/": {"t": "Lead", "s": "Heavy metal with stable isotopes and historical industrial use."}, "https://codexery.com/media-and-publishing/e/media-and-publishing/scientific-american/": {"t": "Scientific American", "s": "Oldest continuously published U.S. magazine."}, "https://codexery.com/universities/e/universities/mcgill-university/": {"t": "McGill University", "s": "English-language public research university in Montreal, founded 1821."}, "https://codexery.com/cosmology-concepts/e/cosmology-concepts/ultimate-fate-of-the-universe/": {"t": "Ultimate fate of the universe", "s": "Scientific hypotheses predict the universe's possible end."}, "https://codexery.com/thermodynamics-and-statistical-mechanics/e/thermodynamics-and-statistical-mechanics/thermodynamic-free-energy/": {"t": "Thermodynamic free energy", "s": "Free energy measures work available at constant temperature."}, "https://codexery.com/physical-chemistry-and-thermodynamics/e/physical-chemistry-and-thermodynamics/thermodynamic-equilibrium/": {"t": "Thermodynamic equilibrium", "s": "State with no net flows and no tendency toward change."}, "https://codexery.com/cosmology-concepts/e/cosmology-concepts/shape-of-the-universe/": {"t": "Shape of the universe", "s": "The universe's shape involves local curvature and unknown global topology."}, "https://codexery.com/thermodynamics-and-statistical-mechanics/e/thermodynamics-and-statistical-mechanics/laws-of-thermodynamics/": {"t": "Laws of thermodynamics", "s": "Fundamental laws governing energy, heat, and entropy."}, "https://codexery.com/literary-giants/e/literary-giants/voltaire/": {"t": "Voltaire", "s": "French Enlightenment writer and advocate of civil liberties"}, "https://codexery.com/planets-and-dwarf-planets/e/planets-and-dwarf-planets/venus/": {"t": "Venus", "s": "Earth's twin, hottest planet, shrouded in sulfuric acid clouds."}, "https://codexery.com/scientists-and-mathematicians/e/scientists-and-mathematicians/nicolas-l-onard-sadi-carnot/": {"t": "Nicolas Léonard Sadi Carnot", "s": "French military engineer and physicist who founded the first successful theory of heat engine efficiency."}, "https://codexery.com/extraterrestrial-life-in-popular-culture/e/extraterrestrial-life-in-popular-culture/grey-alien/": {"t": "Grey alien", "s": "Purported extraterrestrial beings with grey skin, large heads, and black eyes."}, "https://codexery.com/folklore-studies/e/folklore-studies/1947-flying-disc-craze/": {"t": "1947 flying disc craze", "s": "A 1947 wave of UFO sightings that sparked a modern myth."}, "https://codexery.com/fringe-figures-and-pseudoscience/e/fringe-figures-and-pseudoscience/stanton-t-friedman/": {"t": "Stanton T. Friedman", "s": "Nuclear physicist who became a leading ufologist."}, "https://codexery.com/television-series-set-in-the-23rd/e/television-series-set-in-the-23rd-century/star-trek-the-original-series/": {"t": "Star Trek: The Original Series", "s": "Set in the 23rd century, it follows the USS Enterprise crew."}, "https://codexery.com/historical-figures/e/writers/leonard-nimoy/": {"t": "Leonard Nimoy", "s": "The actor who made Spock iconic, Leonard Nimoy left a legacy in Star Trek and beyond."}, "https://codexery.com/atlantis-proponents/e/atlantis-proponents/charles-berlitz/": {"t": "Charles Berlitz", "s": "Linguist, paranormal writer, and Atlantis proponent."}, "https://codexery.com/telegraph-keys-and-codes/e/telegraph-keys-and-codes/teleprinter/": {"t": "Teleprinter", "s": "Electromechanical device for typed message transmission."}, "https://codexery.com/christmas-characters/e/christmas-characters/the-elves-and-the-shoemaker/": {"t": "The Elves and the Shoemaker", "s": "A poor shoemaker receives secret help from three tiny elves."}, "https://codexery.com/1980s-american-mystery-television-series/e/1980s-american-mystery-television-series/unsolved-mysteries/": {"t": "Unsolved Mysteries", "s": "Documenting cold cases and paranormal phenomena since 1987."}, "https://codexery.com/critics-of-parapsychology/e/critics-of-parapsychology/brian-dunning-author/": {"t": "Brian Dunning (author)", "s": "American skeptic podcast host and convicted wire fraudster."}, "https://codexery.com/historical-figures/e/notable/dwight-d-eisenhower/": {"t": "Dwight D. 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