[{"n": "Coral reef", "u": "/e/coral-reefs/coral-reef/", "s": "Coral reefs are diverse underwater ecosystems built by coral polyps."}, {"n": "Coral", "u": "/e/coral-reefs/coral/", "s": "Colonial marine animals that build tropical and deep-sea reefs."}, {"n": "Coral reef organizations", "u": "/e/coral-reefs/coral-reef-organizations/", "s": "Organizations restoring and protecting coral reefs worldwide."}, {"n": "Coral reef protection", "u": "/e/coral-reefs/coral-reef-protection/", "s": "Modifying human activities to protect and help recover coral reefs."}, {"n": "Resilience of coral reefs", "u": "/e/coral-reefs/resilience-of-coral-reefs/", "s": "Resilience is the capacity to resist and recover from disturbances."}, {"n": "2023–2025 global coral bleaching event", "u": "/e/coral-reefs/2023-2025-global-coral-bleaching-event/", "s": "The most extensive coral bleaching event in recorded history."}, {"n": "African coral reefs", "u": "/e/coral-reefs/african-coral-reefs/", "s": "African coral reefs span eastern, southern, and northwestern African coasts."}, {"n": "Angria Bank", "u": "/e/coral-reefs/angria-bank/", "s": "A shallow sunken atoll and platform coral reef off Maharashtra."}, {"n": "Apo Reef", "u": "/e/coral-reefs/apo-reef/", "s": "World's second-largest contiguous coral reef system, in the Philippines."}, {"n": "Aquaculture of coral", "u": "/e/coral-reefs/aquaculture-of-coral/", "s": "Coral farming cultivates corals for restoration and trade."}, {"n": "Bar Reef", "u": "/e/coral-reefs/bar-reef/", "s": "A pristine coral reef system with the highest biodiversity in Indian waters."}, {"n": "Belize Barrier Reef", "u": "/e/coral-reefs/belize-barrier-reef/", "s": "Second largest coral reef system, home to diverse marine life."}, {"n": "Bu Tinah", "u": "/e/coral-reefs/bu-tinah/", "s": "A tiny archipelago with resilient corals and rich marine life."}, {"n": "Catlin Seaview Survey", "u": "/e/coral-reefs/catlin-seaview-survey/", "s": "Expedition documenting global coral reef composition and health."}, {"n": "Census of Coral Reefs", "u": "/e/coral-reefs/census-of-coral-reefs/", "s": "Global census of coral reef biodiversity and data exchange."}, {"n": "Clipperton Island", "u": "/e/coral-reefs/clipperton-island/", "s": "Uninhabited French coral atoll in the eastern Pacific Ocean."}, {"n": "Coral bleaching", "u": "/e/coral-reefs/coral-bleaching/", "s": "Coral bleaching is the loss of symbiotic algae causing coral whitening and stress."}, {"n": "Coral reefs of Solomon Islands", "u": "/e/coral-reefs/coral-reefs-of-solomon-islands/", "s": "Solomon Islands coral reefs are among the most diverse in the world."}, {"n": "Coral reefs of Tuvalu", "u": "/e/coral-reefs/coral-reefs-of-tuvalu/", "s": "Tuvalu's reefs comprise atolls and reef islands of volcanic origin."}, {"n": "Coral reef restoration", "u": "/e/coral-reefs/coral-reef-restoration/", "s": "Restoring damaged coral reefs through fragmentation, nurseries, and transplantation."}, {"n": "Coral reefs in India", "u": "/e/coral-reefs/coral-reefs-in-india/", "s": "Ancient dynamic ecosystems protecting India's coastline and marine life."}, {"n": "Coral reefs of Jamaica", "u": "/e/coral-reefs/coral-reefs-of-jamaica/", "s": "Jamaica's coral reefs face severe decline from environmental and human pressures."}, {"n": "Coral reefs of the Virgin Islands", "u": "/e/coral-reefs/coral-reefs-of-the-virgin-islands/", "s": "Coral reefs spanning 297.9 km² among three U.S. Virgin Islands."}, {"n": "Coral sand", "u": "/e/coral-reefs/coral-sand/", "s": "Coral sand is acid-soluble limestone sand from marine bioerosion."}, {"n": "Coral Triangle", "u": "/e/coral-reefs/coral-triangle/", "s": "A global epicentrum of marine biodiversity in the Indo-Pacific."}, {"n": "Darwin Mounds", "u": "/e/coral-reefs/darwin-mounds/", "s": "Unique deep-water sand mounds with ancient cold-water coral reefs."}, {"n": "Deep-water coral", "u": "/e/coral-reefs/deep-water-coral/", "s": "Deep-water corals build reefs in cold, dark depths without sunlight."}, {"n": "Diamond Reef System", "u": "/e/coral-reefs/diamond-reef-system/", "s": "A portable obstacle course for diver buoyancy training."}, {"n": "Eilat's Coral Beach", "u": "/e/coral-reefs/eilat-s-coral-beach/", "s": "Northernmost shallow water coral reef, possibly resilient to climate change."}, {"n": "Environmental issues with coral reefs", "u": "/e/coral-reefs/environmental-issues-with-coral-reefs/", "s": "Human activities and climate change threaten coral reef survival worldwide."}, {"n": "Exploring the Reef with Jean-Michel Cousteau", "u": "/e/coral-reefs/exploring-the-reef-with-jean-michel-cousteau/", "s": "A short film where animated fish interrupt a coral reef documentary."}, {"n": "Coral reef fish", "u": "/e/coral-reefs/coral-reef-fish/", "s": "Coral reef fish are diverse, colorful inhabitants of complex reef ecosystems."}, {"n": "Fringing reef", "u": "/e/coral-reefs/fringing-reef/", "s": "Fringing reefs are the most common type of coral reef."}, {"n": "Great Wall of Sand", "u": "/e/coral-reefs/great-wall-of-sand/", "s": "PRC artificial island chain in the Spratly Islands, 2013–2016."}, {"n": "Halofolliculina corallasia", "u": "/e/coral-reefs/halofolliculina-corallasia/", "s": "First protozoan and eukaryote known to cause a coral disease."}, {"n": "Indispensable Reefs", "u": "/e/coral-reefs/indispensable-reefs/", "s": "A chain of three large atolls in the Coral Sea."}, {"n": "International Coral Reef Initiative", "u": "/e/coral-reefs/international-coral-reef-initiative/", "s": "Only global entity solely devoted to coral reefs."}, {"n": "Coral reefs of Kiribati", "u": "/e/coral-reefs/coral-reefs-of-kiribati/", "s": "Kiribati's coral reefs span 32 atolls and one raised island."}, {"n": "Lansdowne Bank", "u": "/e/coral-reefs/lansdowne-bank/", "s": "One of the world's largest submerged banks, in the Coral Sea."}, {"n": "Leaf plate montipora", "u": "/e/coral-reefs/leaf-plate-montipora/", "s": "A common SPS coral forming flat plating colonies."}, {"n": "Los Roques Archipelago National Park", "u": "/e/coral-reefs/los-roques-archipelago-national-park/", "s": "Largest marine park in the Caribbean, with a diverse coral reef system."}, {"n": "Marine wildlife of Baa Atoll", "u": "/e/coral-reefs/marine-wildlife-of-baa-atoll/", "s": "A UNESCO Biosphere Reserve since 2011, rich in corals and marine life."}, {"n": "Mesoamerican Barrier Reef System", "u": "/e/coral-reefs/mesoamerican-barrier-reef-system/", "s": "Second-longest reef system, spanning four countries in the Western Hemisphere."}, {"n": "Mesophotic coral reef", "u": "/e/coral-reefs/mesophotic-coral-reef/", "s": "Mesophotic reefs are light-dependent ecosystems at middle depths."}, {"n": "Mexico Rocks", "u": "/e/coral-reefs/mexico-rocks/", "s": "A shallow patch reef complex of boulder star corals off Ambergris Caye."}, {"n": "Microatoll", "u": "/e/coral-reefs/microatoll/", "s": "Circular coral colonies that record sea level and temperature changes."}, {"n": "Minamitorishima", "u": "/e/coral-reefs/minamitorishima/", "s": "Japan's easternmost coral atoll, rich in rare-earth deposits."}, {"n": "Minerva Reefs", "u": "/e/coral-reefs/minerva-reefs/", "s": "Two submerged atolls disputed by Fiji and Tonga."}, {"n": "Miri-Sibuti Coral Reef National Park", "u": "/e/coral-reefs/miri-sibuti-coral-reef-national-park/", "s": "Protected coral reef park off Borneo, popular for diving."}, {"n": "Montipora", "u": "/e/coral-reefs/montipora/", "s": "A diverse coral genus with the smallest corallites of any family."}, {"n": "Montipora dilatata", "u": "/e/coral-reefs/montipora-dilatata/", "s": "A rare Hawaiian coral with variable morphology and limited distribution."}, {"n": "New Caledonian barrier reef", "u": "/e/coral-reefs/new-caledonian-barrier-reef/", "s": "Longest continuous barrier reef, third largest globally."}, {"n": "Okinotori", "u": "/e/coral-reefs/okinotori/", "s": "A disputed atoll, Japan's southernmost territory, encased in concrete to preserve its EEZ claim."}, {"n": "Orbicella annularis", "u": "/e/coral-reefs/orbicella-annularis/", "s": "Most studied and abundant reef-building coral in the Caribbean."}, {"n": "Orbicella faveolata", "u": "/e/coral-reefs/orbicella-faveolata/", "s": "A slow-growing Caribbean coral endangered by disease and bleaching."}, {"n": "Orbicella franksi", "u": "/e/coral-reefs/orbicella-franksi/", "s": "A near-threatened stony coral native to Caribbean and Atlantic waters."}, {"n": "Pavona bipartita", "u": "/e/coral-reefs/pavona-bipartita/", "s": "A vulnerable colonial stony coral of Indo-Pacific reef slopes."}, {"n": "Pavona cactus", "u": "/e/coral-reefs/pavona-cactus/", "s": "A thin-fronded stony coral of Indo-Pacific reefs and lagoons."}, {"n": "Pavona decussata", "u": "/e/coral-reefs/pavona-decussata/", "s": "A colonial stony coral with leafy branches, found on sloping reefs."}, {"n": "Pavona maldivensis", "u": "/e/coral-reefs/pavona-maldivensis/", "s": "A variable stony coral with bright orange fluorescence."}, {"n": "Pocklington Reef", "u": "/e/coral-reefs/pocklington-reef/", "s": "Isolated atoll with deep lagoon, shipwrecks, and a Soviet monitoring device."}, {"n": "Raja Ampat Islands", "u": "/e/coral-reefs/raja-ampat-islands/", "s": "Archipelago in the Coral Triangle with the richest marine biodiversity on earth."}, {"n": "Reef burials", "u": "/e/coral-reefs/reef-burials/", "s": "Cremation ash and concrete create seafloor habitats for marine life."}, {"n": "Réunion's coral reef", "u": "/e/coral-reefs/r-union-s-coral-reef/", "s": "A fringing reef rich in biodiversity, threatened by pollution and warming."}, {"n": "Rigs-to-Reefs", "u": "/e/coral-reefs/rigs-to-reefs/", "s": "Converting decommissioned oil rigs into artificial reefs."}, {"n": "Røst Reef", "u": "/e/coral-reefs/r-st-reef/", "s": "World's largest known deep-water coral reef, discovered in 2002."}, {"n": "Skeletal eroding band", "u": "/e/coral-reefs/skeletal-eroding-band/", "s": "First coral disease caused by a protozoan, forming a dark band."}, {"n": "South Sentinel Island", "u": "/e/coral-reefs/south-sentinel-island/", "s": "Uninhabited coral reef island in the Andaman chain, home to diverse wildlife."}, {"n": "Southeast Asian coral reefs", "u": "/e/coral-reefs/southeast-asian-coral-reefs/", "s": "Southeast Asian coral reefs are the most biodiverse marine ecosystems on Earth."}, {"n": "Spur and groove formation", "u": "/e/coral-reefs/spur-and-groove-formation/", "s": "Ridges and channels shaped by wave-driven coral growth."}, {"n": "Tourmaline Reef", "u": "/e/coral-reefs/tourmaline-reef/", "s": "A shelf-edge reef in the Mona Passage, protected as a nature reserve."}, {"n": "Tubbataha Reef", "u": "/e/coral-reefs/tubbataha-reef/", "s": "A pristine atoll reef sanctuary in the Sulu Sea."}, {"n": "Vanguard Bank", "u": "/e/coral-reefs/vanguard-bank/", "s": "Submerged reef group with Vietnamese DK1 platforms and disputed sovereignty."}, {"n": "Villa Blanca Reef", "u": "/e/coral-reefs/villa-blanca-reef/", "s": "Coral reef on Cozumel's west coast, outside national park boundaries."}, {"n": "Yabiji", "u": "/e/coral-reefs/yabiji/", "s": "Japan's largest coral reef group, emerging as a phantom continent."}, {"n": "Yellow-band disease", "u": "/e/coral-reefs/yellow-band-disease/", "s": "Bacterial infection causing yellow lesions and coral death in the Caribbean."}, {"n": "Arrecifes de Cozumel National Park", "u": "/e/coral-reefs/arrecifes-de-cozumel-national-park/", "s": "Part of the second largest coral reef system in the world."}, {"n": "Bacalar Chico National Park and Marine Reserve", "u": "/e/coral-reefs/bacalar-chico-national-park-and-marine-reserve/", "s": "Protected area on northern Ambergris Caye, Belize, with rare littoral forest and reef."}, {"n": "Gladden Spit and Silk Cayes Marine Reserve", "u": "/e/coral-reefs/gladden-spit-and-silk-cayes-marine-reserve/", "s": "A Belizean marine reserve protecting whale shark feeding and spawning aggregations."}, {"n": "Great Blue Hole", "u": "/e/coral-reefs/great-blue-hole/", "s": "A flooded sinkhole off Belize, famed for diving and geological history."}, {"n": "Hol Chan Marine Reserve", "u": "/e/coral-reefs/hol-chan-marine-reserve/", "s": "A Belize marine reserve protecting coral reef, seagrass, and mangrove habitats."}, {"n": "Sapodilla Cayes", "u": "/e/coral-reefs/sapodilla-cayes/", "s": "Uninhabited atoll in Belize, part of a disputed maritime region."}, {"n": "South Water Caye Marine Reserve", "u": "/e/coral-reefs/south-water-caye-marine-reserve/", "s": "Second largest marine reserve in Belize, part of a World Heritage Site."}, {"n": "Bahamas Reef Environmental Educational Foundation", "u": "/e/coral-reefs/bahamas-reef-environmental-educational-foundation/", "s": "Bahamas marine conservation and education non-profit."}, {"n": "Cancún Underwater Museum", "u": "/e/coral-reefs/canc-n-underwater-museum/", "s": "Underwater museum of 500 sculptures for coral reef conservation."}, {"n": "Coral Reef Alliance", "u": "/e/coral-reefs/coral-reef-alliance/", "s": "Non-profit dedicated to coral reef conservation through research and alliances."}, {"n": "Coral Reef Conservation Program", "u": "/e/coral-reefs/coral-reef-conservation-program/", "s": "NOAA partnership managing and restoring U.S. coral reef ecosystems."}, {"n": "Coral Reef Initiative for the South Pacific", "u": "/e/coral-reefs/coral-reef-initiative-for-the-south-pacific/", "s": "A French inter-ministerial project for Pacific coral reef protection."}, {"n": "Coral Triangle Initiative", "u": "/e/coral-reefs/coral-triangle-initiative/", "s": "Multilateral partnership sustaining marine resources in the Coral Triangle."}, {"n": "Great Barrier Reef Foundation", "u": "/e/coral-reefs/great-barrier-reef-foundation/", "s": "Lead charity for the Great Barrier Reef, founded after 1998 bleaching."}, {"n": "Green Fins", "u": "/e/coral-reefs/green-fins/", "s": "A code-of-conduct initiative for sustainable diving and snorkelling tourism."}, {"n": "Heron Island Research Station", "u": "/e/coral-reefs/heron-island-research-station/", "s": "Oldest and largest marine research station on the Great Barrier Reef."}, {"n": "International Coral Reef Society", "u": "/e/coral-reefs/international-coral-reef-society/", "s": "International society for coral reef science and conservation."}, {"n": "The Ocean Agency", "u": "/e/coral-reefs/the-ocean-agency/", "s": "Nonprofit focused on coral reef conservation through surveys and imagery."}, {"n": "Reef Ball Foundation", "u": "/e/coral-reefs/reef-ball-foundation/", "s": "Non-profit using designed artificial reefs for coral restoration worldwide."}, {"n": "Reef Smart Guides", "u": "/e/coral-reefs/reef-smart-guides/", "s": "Canadian firm creating 3D models of dive sites worldwide."}, {"n": "SECORE", "u": "/e/coral-reefs/secore/", "s": "International non-profit advancing sexual coral reproduction for conservation."}, {"n": "Titouan Bernicot", "u": "/e/coral-reefs/titouan-bernicot/", "s": "Founder of Coral Gardeners, regrowing reefs in French Polynesia and beyond."}, {"n": "Sponge reef", "u": "/e/coral-reefs/sponge-reef/", "s": "Rare glass-sponge reefs are living remnants of ancient seabeds."}, {"n": "Osborne Reef", "u": "/e/coral-reefs/osborne-reef/", "s": "An artificial reef that became an environmental disaster."}, {"n": "Spratly Islands", "u": "/e/coral-reefs/spratly-islands/", "s": "Disputed archipelago in the South China Sea with strategic and resource significance."}, {"n": "Reef", "u": "/e/coral-reefs/reef/", "s": "A ridge or shoal of rock, coral, or stable material underwater."}, {"n": "Cooper Reef", "u": "/e/coral-reefs/cooper-reef/", "s": "Purpose-built artificial reef enhancing fish stocks off Esperance."}, {"n": "James Shoal", "u": "/e/coral-reefs/james-shoal/", "s": "Submerged bank in the South China Sea with disputed sovereignty."}, {"n": "Aliwal Shoal", "u": "/e/coral-reefs/aliwal-shoal/", "s": "Rocky reef and ancient dune off KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa."}, {"n": "Luconia Shoals", "u": "/e/coral-reefs/luconia-shoals/", "s": "A large reef complex in the South China Sea, claimed by three nations."}, {"n": "Boscombe Surf Reef", "u": "/e/coral-reefs/boscombe-surf-reef/", "s": "First Northern Hemisphere surfing reef, ultimately deemed a failure."}, {"n": "Oyster reef", "u": "/e/coral-reefs/oyster-reef/", "s": "Dense aggregations of oysters that form large colonies in estuaries."}, {"n": "Prince of Wales Bank", "u": "/e/coral-reefs/prince-of-wales-bank/", "s": "Submerged coral reef group with Vietnamese DK1 platforms in the South China Sea."}, {"n": "Everglades Pseudoatoll", "u": "/e/coral-reefs/everglades-pseudoatoll/", "s": "A Pliocene pseudo-atoll reef system in southern Florida."}, {"n": "Macclesfield Bank", "u": "/e/coral-reefs/macclesfield-bank/", "s": "A vast, entirely submerged atoll in the South China Sea."}, {"n": "Ladd Reef", "u": "/e/coral-reefs/ladd-reef/", "s": "A Vietnam-controlled reef in the Spratly Islands, South China Sea."}, {"n": "Gibraltar Artificial Reef", "u": "/e/coral-reefs/gibraltar-artificial-reef/", "s": "An ongoing artificial reef project in Gibraltar's Mediterranean waters."}, {"n": "Johnson South Reef", "u": "/e/coral-reefs/johnson-south-reef/", "s": "A disputed Spratly reef, site of a 1988 skirmish and later militarized."}, {"n": "Eldad Reef", "u": "/e/coral-reefs/eldad-reef/", "s": "A disputed reef in the Spratly Islands with rich fishing grounds."}, {"n": "Pope's Eye", "u": "/e/coral-reefs/pope-s-eye/", "s": "Uncompleted fort foundation now a marine park and dive site."}, {"n": "Chevron Reef", "u": "/e/coral-reefs/chevron-reef/", "s": "First artificial surfing reef in the United States, removed in 2008."}, {"n": "Cuarteron Reef", "u": "/e/coral-reefs/cuarteron-reef/", "s": "A disputed reef in the Spratly Islands, expanded and fortified by China."}, {"n": "Gaven Reefs", "u": "/e/coral-reefs/gaven-reefs/", "s": "Two contested reefs in the Spratly Islands with military fortifications."}, {"n": "Redbird Reef", "u": "/e/coral-reefs/redbird-reef/", "s": "An artificial reef built from retired New York City subway cars."}, {"n": "Collins Reef", "u": "/e/coral-reefs/collins-reef/", "s": "Vietnamese-occupied reef at the southwestern corner of Union Banks."}, {"n": "Bombay Castle (South China Sea)", "u": "/e/coral-reefs/bombay-castle-south-china-sea/", "s": "A disputed reef with a lighthouse and DK1 rigs in the Spratly Islands."}, {"n": "Shark River Reef", "u": "/e/coral-reefs/shark-river-reef/", "s": "Deepest artificial reef in New Jersey, built from dredge rock and vessels."}, {"n": "Whitsun Reef", "u": "/e/coral-reefs/whitsun-reef/", "s": "Largest reef of the Union Banks in the Spratly Islands."}, {"n": "Pseudo-atoll", "u": "/e/coral-reefs/pseudo-atoll/", "s": "A ring-shaped reef not formed by subsidence or coral."}, {"n": "Central London Reef", "u": "/e/coral-reefs/central-london-reef/", "s": "A disputed Spratly reef occupied by Vietnam since 1978."}, {"n": "Louisa Reef", "u": "/e/coral-reefs/louisa-reef/", "s": "A submerged coral reef in the southern Spratly Islands."}]