{"https://codexery.com/gemstones/e/gemstones/diamond/": {"t": "Diamond", "s": "A metastable carbon allotrope with extreme hardness and thermal conductivity.", "i": "https://codexery.com/gemstones/img/gemstones/diamond.webp", "c": "Blackout Sea · Public domain"}, "https://codexery.com/classical-mechanics/e/classical-mechanics/pressure/": {"t": "Pressure", "s": "Pressure is force per unit area, a scalar quantity."}, "https://codexery.com/polymers-and-macromolecules/e/polymers-and-macromolecules/resin/": {"t": "Resin", "s": "Plant and synthetic substance used in varnishes, adhesives, and incense."}, "https://codexery.com/games-and-recreation/e/games-and-recreation/scale-model/": {"t": "Scale model", "s": "Physical model geometrically similar to a prototype for testing or display."}, "https://codexery.com/manufacturing-and-materials/e/manufacturing-and-materials/paper/": {"t": "Paper", "s": "Thin sheet of matted cellulose fibers used for writing and packaging."}, "https://codexery.com/manufacturing-and-materials/e/manufacturing-and-materials/polyester/": {"t": "Polyester", "s": "A versatile polymer family used in textiles, bottles, and engineering.", "i": "https://codexery.com/manufacturing-and-materials/img/manufacturing-and-materials/polyester.webp", "c": "Wikifrits · CC0"}, "https://codexery.com/hygiene-and-personal-care/e/hygiene-and-personal-care/toothpaste/": {"t": "Toothpaste", "s": "Your daily defense for a brighter, healthier smile."}, "https://codexery.com/ingredients/e/ingredients/almond/": {"t": "Almond", "s": "A drupe with a hard shell, not a true nut, prized in desserts and cultivated since the Early Bronze Age."}, "https://codexery.com/russian-cuisine/e/russian-cuisine/oatmeal/": {"t": "Oatmeal", "s": "A versatile oat preparation used in porridge, baking, and more."}, "https://codexery.com/dutch-inventions/e/dutch-inventions/dvd/": {"t": "DVD", "s": "Digital optical disc format that replaced VHS for home video."}, "https://codexery.com/geology-earth-science/e/geology-and-earth-science/ore/": {"t": "Ore", "s": "Natural rock containing economically viable minerals or metals."}, "/e/construction-and-materials/adhesive/": {"t": "Adhesive", "s": "A non-metallic substance that binds surfaces together, with a history spanning over 200,000 years.", "i": "https://codexery.com/construction-materials/img/construction-and-materials/adhesive.webp", "c": "Cjp24 · CC BY-SA 3.0"}, "/e/construction-and-materials/cement/": {"t": "Cement", "s": "Binder that sets, hardens, and binds other materials together.", "i": "https://codexery.com/construction-materials/img/construction-and-materials/cement.webp", "c": "Nnnjens · CC0"}, "https://codexery.com/construction-and-engineering/e/construction-and-engineering/welding/": {"t": "Welding", "s": "A fabrication process joining materials through heat or pressure."}, "https://codexery.com/chemistry-fundamentals/e/chemistry-fundamentals/chemical-reaction/": {"t": "Chemical reaction", "s": "Process rearranging atoms with energy change, yielding new substances.", "i": "https://codexery.com/chemistry-fundamentals/img/chemistry-fundamentals/chemical-reaction.webp", "c": "Д.Ильин : translation, optimization · CC0"}, "https://codexery.com/materials-and-states-of-matter/e/materials-and-states-of-matter/phase-matter/": {"t": "Phase (matter)", "s": "A phase is a uniform region of material in a thermodynamic system."}, "https://codexery.com/historical-eras/e/historical-eras/middle-paleolithic/": {"t": "Middle Paleolithic", "s": "Second subdivision of the Paleolithic, defined by the coexistence of archaic and anatomically modern humans."}, "https://codexery.com/human-evolution/e/human-evolution/neanderthal/": {"t": "Neanderthal", "s": "Extinct archaic humans who inhabited Europe and Western and Central Asia."}, "https://codexery.com/materials/e/materials/bitumen/": {"t": "Bitumen", "s": "Viscous petroleum constituent used mainly in road construction."}, "https://codexery.com/reaction-mechanisms-and-kinetics/e/reaction-mechanisms-and-kinetics/pyrolysis/": {"t": "Pyrolysis", "s": "Thermal decomposition of organic matter without oxygen."}, "https://codexery.com/historical-figures/e/notable/tutankhamun/": {"t": "Tutankhamun", "s": "The boy king who restored Egypt's traditional religion."}, "https://codexery.com/indigenous-peoples-of-the-world/e/indigenous-peoples-of-the-world/mongols/": {"t": "Mongols", "s": "East Asian ethnic group native to Mongolia and parts of China and Siberia."}, "https://codexery.com/animal-physiology-morphology/e/animal-physiology-and-morphology/horn-anatomy/": {"t": "Horn (anatomy)", "s": "Permanent pointed projection of keratin and bone on animal heads."}, "https://codexery.com/human-anatomy/e/human-anatomy/tendon/": {"t": "Tendon", "s": "Tough bands of dense fibrous connective tissue connecting muscle to bone."}, "https://codexery.com/architects-and-designers/e/architects-and-designers/thomas-chippendale/": {"t": "Thomas Chippendale", "s": "English woodworker whose designs defined Georgian furniture."}, "https://codexery.com/manufacturing-and-materials/e/manufacturing-and-materials/natural-rubber/": {"t": "Natural rubber", "s": "Natural rubber is a stretchy, waterproof polymer from tree latex."}, "/e/construction-and-materials/bearing-mechanical/": {"t": "Bearing (mechanical)", "s": "Machine element that reduces friction and constrains motion.", "i": "https://codexery.com/construction-materials/img/construction-and-materials/bearing-mechanical.webp", "c": "Nadinviki · CC BY-SA 4.0"}, "https://codexery.com/manufacturing-and-materials/e/manufacturing-and-materials/masonry/": {"t": "Masonry", "s": "One of the oldest building crafts, using stone, brick, and mortar."}, "https://codexery.com/materials/e/materials/engineered-wood/": {"t": "Engineered wood", "s": "Engineered wood products replace steel and concrete in construction."}, "https://codexery.com/european-scientific-pioneers/e/european-scientific-pioneers/robert-hooke/": {"t": "Robert Hooke", "s": "English polymath and pioneer of microscopy", "i": "https://codexery.com/european-scientific-pioneers/img/european-scientific-pioneers/robert-hooke.webp", "c": "via Wikipedia: Robert Hooke · see source"}, "https://codexery.com/units-measurement/e/units-and-measurement/newton-unit/": {"t": "Newton (unit)", "s": "SI unit of force, named after Isaac Newton."}, "https://codexery.com/bridges/e/great-bridges/pont-du-gard/": {"t": "Pont du Gard", "s": "A Roman aqueduct bridge of exceptional preservation and architectural ingenuity."}, "https://codexery.com/architectural-styles-and-landmarks/e/architectural-styles-and-landmarks/islamic-architecture/": {"t": "Islamic architecture", "s": "Architectural styles of buildings associated with Islamic civilization."}, "https://codexery.com/architectural-styles-and-elements/e/architectural-styles-and-elements/romanesque-architecture/": {"t": "Romanesque architecture", "s": "First pan-European architectural style since Imperial Roman architecture.", "i": "https://codexery.com/architectural-styles-and-elements/img/architectural-styles-and-elements/romanesque-architecture.webp", "c": "Txllxt TxllxT · CC BY-SA 4.0"}, "https://codexery.com/architectural-styles-and-landmarks/e/architectural-styles-and-landmarks/gothic-architecture/": {"t": "Gothic architecture", "s": "Medieval architectural style defined by the pointed arch and verticality."}, "https://codexery.com/architectural-styles-and-landmarks/e/architectural-styles-and-landmarks/flying-buttress/": {"t": "Flying buttress", "s": "A ramping arch conveying lateral forces from a wall to a massive pier."}, "https://codexery.com/ancient-empires/e/ancient-empires/ancient-rome/": {"t": "Ancient Rome", "s": "Ancient Rome spanned from 753 BC to 476 AD."}, "https://codexery.com/architectural-styles-and-elements/e/architectural-styles-and-elements/renaissance-architecture/": {"t": "Renaissance architecture", "s": "Revival of classical Greek and Roman architectural principles.", "i": "https://codexery.com/architectural-styles-and-elements/img/architectural-styles-and-elements/renaissance-architecture.webp", "c": "Txllxt TxllxT · CC BY-SA 4.0"}, "https://codexery.com/egyptian-inventions/e/egyptian-inventions/ancient-egyptian-architecture/": {"t": "Ancient Egyptian architecture", "s": "Ancient Egyptian architecture spans over three thousand years of styles."}, "https://codexery.com/lost-civilizations/e/lost-civilizations/the-mycenaeans/": {"t": "The Mycenaeans", "s": "First advanced Greek civilization of the Bronze Age."}, "https://codexery.com/engineering-disciplines/e/engineering-disciplines/computer-engineering/": {"t": "Computer engineering", "s": "Engineering branch specializing in computer hardware and software integration."}, "https://codexery.com/engineering-disciplines/e/engineering-disciplines/civil-engineering/": {"t": "Civil engineering", "s": "Professional discipline designing and maintaining the built environment."}, "https://codexery.com/design-digital-arts/e/design-and-digital-arts/interior-design/": {"t": "Interior design", "s": "Art and science of healthier, aesthetic interior environments."}, "https://codexery.com/manufacturing-and-materials/e/manufacturing-and-materials/mechanical-engineering/": {"t": "Mechanical engineering", "s": "One of the oldest and broadest engineering branches."}, "https://codexery.com/electrical-systems/e/electrical-systems/electrical-engineering/": {"t": "Electrical engineering", "s": "Discipline studying and applying electricity, electronics, and electromagnetism."}, "https://codexery.com/electrical-systems/e/electrical-systems/electric-power-distribution/": {"t": "Electric power distribution", "s": "Final stage delivering electricity from transmission to end users."}, "https://codexery.com/classical-mechanics-and-dynamics/e/classical-mechanics-and-dynamics/strength-of-materials/": {"t": "Strength of materials", "s": "Study of material response to loads and failure modes."}, "https://codexery.com/engineering-disciplines/e/engineering-disciplines/earthquake-engineering/": {"t": "Earthquake engineering", "s": "Engineering discipline focused on earthquake-resistant design and seismic risk reduction."}, "https://codexery.com/languages/e/languages/korean-language/": {"t": "Korean language", "s": "Korean is a Koreanic language official in both North and South Korea."}, "https://codexery.com/classical-and-fluid-mechanics/e/classical-and-fluid-mechanics/normal-force/": {"t": "Normal force", "s": "Perpendicular contact force preventing surface penetration."}, "https://codexery.com/french-inventions/e/french-inventions/ball-bearing/": {"t": "Ball bearing", "s": "A rolling-element bearing that reduces friction using balls between races."}, "https://codexery.com/construction-and-engineering/e/construction-and-engineering/wheel/": {"t": "Wheel", "s": "A rotating component that reduces friction and enables movement."}, "https://codexery.com/ancient-empires/e/ancient-empires/roman-empire/": {"t": "Roman Empire", "s": "Medieval and early modern empire claiming direct Roman succession, dissolved in 1806."}, "https://codexery.com/fifa-world-cup/e/honours/italy/": {"t": "Italy", "s": "A cultural superpower with the eighth-largest economy and the most UNESCO sites."}, "https://codexery.com/inventors/e/great-inventors/leonardo-da-vinci/": {"t": "Leonardo da Vinci", "s": "Italian polymath of the High Renaissance."}, "https://codexery.com/construction-and-engineering/e/construction-and-engineering/wheel-and-axle/": {"t": "Wheel and axle", "s": "A simple machine transferring force between wheel and axle."}, "/e/construction-and-materials/ceramic/": {"t": "Ceramic", "s": "Hard, brittle, heat-resistant materials made from fired inorganic substances.", "i": "https://codexery.com/construction-materials/img/construction-and-materials/ceramic.webp", "c": "Goterrestrial · CC BY 4.0"}, "https://codexery.com/gemstones/e/gemstones/sapphire/": {"t": "Sapphire", "s": "A precious gemstone variety of corundum, third-hardest mineral after diamond and moissanite.", "i": "https://codexery.com/gemstones/img/gemstones/sapphire.webp", "c": "andreboeni · CC BY 2.0"}, "https://codexery.com/chemistry-materials/e/chemistry-and-materials/nylon/": {"t": "Nylon", "s": "First commercially successful synthetic thermoplastic polymer."}, "https://codexery.com/polymers-and-macromolecules/e/polymers-and-macromolecules/polytetrafluoroethylene/": {"t": "Polytetrafluoroethylene", "s": "Accidentally discovered fluoropolymer used widely for non-stick and chemical resistance."}, "https://codexery.com/electric-motors/e/electric-motors/shaft-voltage/": {"t": "Shaft voltage", "s": "Shaft voltage causes bearing damage; mitigated by grounding or insulation."}, "https://codexery.com/electromagnetism/e/electromagnetism/electric-current/": {"t": "Electric current", "s": "Flow of charged particles through a conductor or space."}, "https://codexery.com/probability-statistics/e/probability-and-statistics/normal-distribution/": {"t": "Normal distribution", "s": "A continuous probability distribution with a bell-shaped density curve.", "i": "https://codexery.com/probability-statistics/img/probability-and-statistics/normal-distribution.webp", "c": "TYalaA · CC BY-SA 4.0"}, "https://codexery.com/classical-mechanics-and-dynamics/e/classical-mechanics-and-dynamics/oscillation/": {"t": "Oscillation", "s": "Repetitive variation about a central value across many scientific fields."}, "https://codexery.com/animal-biology-and-behavior/e/animal-biology-and-behavior/personal-grooming/": {"t": "Personal grooming", "s": "Cleaning and maintaining body parts across species."}, "https://codexery.com/cities/e/landmark-cities/new-york-city/": {"t": "New York City", "s": "The most populous city in the United States, a global center of finance, culture, and diplomacy."}, "https://codexery.com/polymers-and-macromolecules/e/polymers-and-macromolecules/polypropylene/": {"t": "Polypropylene", "s": "A versatile thermoplastic polymer, second only to polyethylene in production volume."}, "https://codexery.com/polymers-and-macromolecules/e/polymers-and-macromolecules/polystyrene/": {"t": "Polystyrene", "s": "A widely used, non-biodegradable thermoplastic polymer."}, "https://codexery.com/personal-care-and-hygiene/e/personal-care-and-hygiene/hairbrush/": {"t": "Hairbrush", "s": "A tool for smoothing, styling, and detangling hair or fur.", "i": "https://codexery.com/personal-care-and-hygiene/img/personal-care-and-hygiene/hairbrush.webp", "c": "Rotimi8 · CC BY-SA 4.0"}, "https://codexery.com/transportation/e/transportation/sail/": {"t": "Sail", "s": "A tensile structure using wind power to propel sailing craft."}, "https://codexery.com/housing-furniture/e/housing-and-furniture/tent/": {"t": "Tent", "s": "Portable shelter for camping, nomads, and emergencies", "i": "https://codexery.com/housing-furniture/img/housing-and-furniture/tent.webp", "c": "Design: American Society of Testing and Materials Vectorization Big guy637 · Public domain"}, "https://codexery.com/clothing-and-accessories/e/clothing-and-accessories/handbag/": {"t": "Handbag", "s": "A handled bag for personal items, evolving from ancient pouches."}, "https://codexery.com/clothing-and-accessories/e/clothing-and-accessories/shoe/": {"t": "Shoe", "s": "Footwear protecting and comforting the human foot since prehistory."}, "https://codexery.com/agriculture-food/e/agriculture-and-food/cotton/": {"t": "Cotton", "s": "Natural fiber from Gossypium plants, widely used in textiles."}, "https://codexery.com/materials/e/materials/linen/": {"t": "Linen", "s": "Ancient textile made from flax, valued for strength and absorbency."}, "https://codexery.com/polymers-and-macromolecules/e/polymers-and-macromolecules/polyvinyl-chloride/": {"t": "Polyvinyl chloride", "s": "Third-most produced synthetic plastic, used in pipes and flexible goods."}, "https://codexery.com/languages-and-dialects/e/languages-and-dialects/dutch-language/": {"t": "Dutch language", "s": "A West Germanic language spoken by millions across Europe, the Americas, and beyond."}, "https://codexery.com/languages-and-scripts/e/languages-and-scripts/vulgar-latin/": {"t": "Vulgar Latin", "s": "Non-formal Latin registers that evolved into Romance languages."}, "https://codexery.com/historical-figures/e/artists/paolo-uccello/": {"t": "Paolo Uccello", "s": "Renaissance pioneer of perspective", "i": "https://codexery.com/historical-figures/img/artists/paolo-uccello.webp", "c": "Florentine School, Unknown Master, Italian (active late 15th century) ; généralement attribuée à Paolo Uccello · via Wikipedia: Paolo Uccello · Public domain"}, "https://codexery.com/historical-figures/e/artists/sandro-botticelli/": {"t": "Sandro Botticelli", "s": "Italian Early Renaissance painter known for mythological and religious works.", "i": "https://codexery.com/historical-figures/img/artists/sandro-botticelli.webp", "c": "Sandro Botticelli · via Wikipedia: Sandro Botticelli · Public domain"}, "https://codexery.com/classical-mechanics/e/classical-mechanics/elastic-modulus/": {"t": "Elastic modulus", "s": "A measure of a material's resistance to elastic deformation.", "i": "https://codexery.com/classical-mechanics/img/classical-mechanics/elastic-modulus.webp", "c": "Arbitrarily0 · CC BY-SA 3.0"}, "https://codexery.com/architectural-styles-and-elements/e/architectural-styles-and-elements/roof/": {"t": "Roof", "s": "Top covering of a building, protecting against weather elements.", "i": "https://codexery.com/architectural-styles-and-elements/img/architectural-styles-and-elements/roof.webp", "c": "Jebulon · CC0"}, "https://codexery.com/materials/e/materials/drywall/": {"t": "Drywall", "s": "A gypsum panel used for interior walls and ceilings."}, "https://codexery.com/historical-figures/e/artists/michelangelo/": {"t": "Michelangelo", "s": "Italian High Renaissance sculptor, painter, architect, and poet.", "i": "https://codexery.com/historical-figures/img/artists/michelangelo.webp", "c": "Attributed to Daniele da Volterra · via Wikipedia: Michelangelo · Public domain"}, "/e/construction-and-materials/concrete/": {"t": "Concrete", "s": "Second-most-used substance after water; most-manufactured material worldwide."}, "https://codexery.com/materials/e/materials/construction-aggregate/": {"t": "Construction aggregate", "s": "Most mined material; key to concrete, asphalt, and drainage."}, "https://codexery.com/manufacturing-and-materials/e/manufacturing-and-materials/mortar-masonry/": {"t": "Mortar (masonry)", "s": "Workable paste that hardens to bind masonry units."}, "https://codexery.com/manufacturing-and-materials/e/manufacturing-and-materials/portland-cement/": {"t": "Portland cement", "s": "A hydraulic cement made from heated limestone and clay.", "i": "https://codexery.com/manufacturing-and-materials/img/manufacturing-and-materials/portland-cement.webp", "c": "self scanned · Public domain"}, "https://codexery.com/manufacturing-and-materials/e/manufacturing-and-materials/pottery/": {"t": "Pottery", "s": "One of the oldest human inventions, fired clay objects."}, "https://codexery.com/geology/e/geology/gypsum/": {"t": "Gypsum", "s": "A soft sulfate mineral used in plaster and drywall, with notable crystal varieties and widespread industrial applications.", "i": "https://codexery.com/geology/img/geology/gypsum.webp", "c": "PePeEfe · CC BY-SA 4.0"}, "https://codexery.com/manufacturing-and-materials/e/manufacturing-and-materials/plaster/": {"t": "Plaster", "s": "Building material used for interiors, decoration, and medical casts."}, "https://codexery.com/major-islands-and-archipelagos/e/major-islands-and-archipelagos/crete/": {"t": "Crete", "s": "Largest Greek island, centre of Minoan civilization."}, "https://codexery.com/architectural-styles-and-landmarks/e/architectural-styles-and-landmarks/pantheon-rome/": {"t": "Pantheon, Rome", "s": "Ancient Roman temple, now a Catholic church, with the largest unreinforced concrete dome."}, "https://codexery.com/historical-eras/e/historical-eras/middle-ages/": {"t": "Middle Ages", "s": "The middle epoch between classical antiquity and the modern period.", "i": "https://codexery.com/historical-eras/img/historical-eras/middle-ages.webp", "c": "via Wikipedia: Middle Ages · see source"}, "https://codexery.com/electrochemistry-and-surface-chemistry/e/electrochemistry-and-surface-chemistry/corrosion/": {"t": "Corrosion", "s": "Natural process converting refined metals into stable oxides.", "i": "https://codexery.com/electrochemistry-and-surface-chemistry/img/electrochemistry-and-surface-chemistry/corrosion.webp", "c": "Engr Hafiza Maida · CC BY-SA 4.0"}, "https://codexery.com/manufacturing-and-materials/e/manufacturing-and-materials/porcelain/": {"t": "Porcelain", "s": "A ceramic material known for its strength, whiteness, and translucency, fired at high temperatures."}, "https://codexery.com/materials-and-states-of-matter/e/materials-and-states-of-matter/semiconductor/": {"t": "Semiconductor", "s": "Materials with conductivity between conductors and insulators."}, "https://codexery.com/chemistry-materials/e/chemistry-and-materials/inorganic-compound/": {"t": "Inorganic compound", "s": "A chemical compound that lacks carbon–hydrogen bonds, studied in inorganic chemistry."}, "https://codexery.com/chemical-elements-metals/e/chemical-elements-and-metals/silicon/": {"t": "Silicon", "s": "The semiconductor element that shapes the modern world."}, "https://codexery.com/chemistry-fundamentals/e/chemistry-fundamentals/acid/": {"t": "Acid", "s": "A substance that donates a proton or accepts an electron pair.", "i": "https://codexery.com/chemistry-fundamentals/img/chemistry-fundamentals/acid.webp", "c": "Heritage Preservation Department - MNHS · CC BY-SA 4.0"}, "https://codexery.com/chemistry-fundamentals/e/chemistry-fundamentals/base-chemistry/": {"t": "Base (chemistry)", "s": "Substances that react with acids, accepting protons or donating electron pairs."}, "https://codexery.com/electricity-and-magnetism/e/electricity-and-magnetism/insulator-electricity/": {"t": "Insulator (electricity)", "s": "Material that resists electric current flow."}, "https://codexery.com/engineering-disciplines/e/engineering-disciplines/ceramic-engineering/": {"t": "Ceramic engineering", "s": "The science of creating objects from inorganic, non-metallic materials using heat or chemical precipitation."}, "https://codexery.com/electricity-and-magnetism/e/electricity-and-magnetism/electrical-resistivity-and-conductivity/": {"t": "Electrical resistivity and conductivity", "s": "Resistivity measures opposition to current; conductivity is its reciprocal.", "i": "https://codexery.com/electricity-and-magnetism/img/electricity-and-magnetism/electrical-resistivity-and-conductivity.webp", "c": "Wolff, F.A.; Dellinger, J.H. · No restrictions"}, "https://codexery.com/materials-and-states-of-matter/e/materials-and-states-of-matter/superconductivity/": {"t": "Superconductivity", "s": "Phenomenon of zero electrical resistance and magnetic field expulsion."}, "https://codexery.com/materials/e/materials/fiberglass/": {"t": "Fiberglass", "s": "A versatile composite material of glass fiber and plastic matrix."}, "https://codexery.com/geology-earth-science/e/geology-and-earth-science/kaolinite/": {"t": "Kaolinite", "s": "A widely used clay mineral in porcelain and industry."}, "https://codexery.com/english-counties/e/english-counties/yorkshire/": {"t": "Yorkshire", "s": "God's own country"}, "https://codexery.com/energy-power/e/energy-and-power/central-heating/": {"t": "Central heating", "s": "A system that provides warmth to multiple spaces from one main heat source."}, "https://codexery.com/classical-mechanics/e/classical-mechanics/density/": {"t": "Density", "s": "Mass per unit volume, an intensive property of matter."}, "https://codexery.com/classical-and-continuum-mechanics/e/classical-and-continuum-mechanics/turbulence/": {"t": "Turbulence", "s": "Chaotic fluid motion with vortices, mixing, and unresolved physics."}, "https://codexery.com/cities/e/landmark-cities/san-francisco/": {"t": "San Francisco", "s": "The City by the Bay, a center of liberal activism and innovation."}, "https://codexery.com/energy-power/e/energy-and-power/cooling-tower/": {"t": "Cooling tower", "s": "Device that rejects waste heat by cooling water."}, "https://codexery.com/egyptian-inventions/e/egyptian-inventions/lathe/": {"t": "Lathe", "s": "Ancient tool for shaping symmetrical objects by rotation."}, "/e/construction-and-materials/arch/": {"t": "Arch", "s": "A curved structure spanning an opening, often load-bearing.", "i": "https://codexery.com/construction-materials/img/construction-and-materials/arch.webp", "c": "Vulturesong · CC0"}, "https://codexery.com/historical-eras/e/historical-eras/iron-age/": {"t": "Iron Age", "s": "Final epoch of the three historical Metal Ages.", "i": "https://codexery.com/historical-eras/img/historical-eras/iron-age.webp", "c": "via Wikipedia: Iron Age · see source"}, "https://codexery.com/historical-figures/e/notable/imhotep/": {"t": "Imhotep", "s": "Ancient Egyptian chancellor, possible architect of the step pyramid, and later deified god of medicine."}, "https://codexery.com/aquatic-wetland-plants/e/aquatic-and-wetland-plants/nymphaea/": {"t": "Nymphaea", "s": "A cosmopolitan genus of aquatic plants known as water lilies."}, "https://codexery.com/writing-systems/e/writing-systems/egyptian-hieroglyphs/": {"t": "Egyptian hieroglyphs", "s": "Ancient Egyptian sacred writing system, influential on later scripts through intermediaries.", "i": "https://codexery.com/writing-systems/img/writing-systems/egyptian-hieroglyphs.webp", "c": "Gtoffoletto · CC BY-SA 4.0"}, "https://codexery.com/egypt-myths/e/egyptian-myths/hathor/": {"t": "Hathor", "s": "Major ancient Egyptian goddess of sky, love, and maternal care."}, "https://codexery.com/historic-and-sacred-architecture/e/historic-and-sacred-architecture/luxor-temple/": {"t": "Luxor Temple", "s": "Ancient Egyptian temple dedicated to the rejuvenation of kingship."}, "https://codexery.com/ancient-cities/e/ancient-cities/knossos/": {"t": "Knossos", "s": "Largest centre of Minoan civilisation and oldest city in Europe."}, "https://codexery.com/ancient-cities/e/ancient-cities/mycenae/": {"t": "Mycenae", "s": "Major centre of Mycenaean civilization in the second millennium BC."}, "https://codexery.com/historical-events-places/e/historical-events-and-places/persepolis/": {"t": "Persepolis", "s": "Persepolis served as the ceremonial capital of the Achaemenid Empire, which lasted from around 550 to 330 BC."}, "https://codexery.com/ancient-empires/e/ancient-empires/achaemenid-empire/": {"t": "Achaemenid Empire", "s": "The largest empire of its time, founded by Cyrus the Great in 550 BC."}, "https://codexery.com/historical-figures/e/notable/darius-the-great/": {"t": "Darius the Great", "s": "Third Achaemenid King of Kings who centralized the empire."}, "https://codexery.com/lost-civilizations/e/lost-civilizations/teotihuacan/": {"t": "Teotihuacan", "s": "Ancient Mesoamerican city of pyramids, murals, and monumental influence."}, "https://codexery.com/world-wonders/e/world-wonders/chichen-itza/": {"t": "Chichen Itza", "s": "Major Maya city and regional capital in northern Yucatán.", "i": "https://codexery.com/world-wonders/img/world-wonders/chichen-itza.webp", "c": "via Wikipedia: Chichen Itza · see source"}, "https://codexery.com/furniture-household-items/e/furniture-and-household-items/shower/": {"t": "Shower", "s": "A bathing device using a spray of water for hygiene.", "i": "https://codexery.com/furniture-household-items/img/furniture-and-household-items/shower.webp", "c": "Kritzolina · CC BY-SA 4.0"}, "https://codexery.com/home-and-furniture/e/home-and-furniture/bathtub/": {"t": "Bathtub", "s": "A container for holding water for bathing."}, "https://codexery.com/geology/e/geology/granite/": {"t": "Granite", "s": "A coarse-grained intrusive igneous rock composed mostly of quartz, alkali feldspar, mica, and plagioclase.", "i": "https://codexery.com/geology/img/geology/granite.webp", "c": "Giles Laurent · CC BY-SA 4.0"}, "https://codexery.com/manufacturing-and-materials/e/manufacturing-and-materials/reinforced-concrete/": {"t": "Reinforced concrete", "s": "Composite material compensating concrete's low tensile strength with reinforcement."}, "https://codexery.com/materials/e/materials/carbon-fiber-reinforced-polymer/": {"t": "Carbon fiber reinforced polymer", "s": "Composite material with carbon fiber reinforcement for high strength and stiffness."}, "https://codexery.com/mechanics-and-fluid-dynamics/e/mechanics-and-fluid-dynamics/fracture-toughness/": {"t": "Fracture toughness", "s": "Material property quantifying resistance to crack propagation."}, "https://codexery.com/british-inventions/e/british-inventions/chobham-armour/": {"t": "Chobham armour", "s": "Composite ceramic armour developed in 1960s at British tank research centre."}, "https://codexery.com/classical-mechanics-and-dynamics/e/classical-mechanics-and-dynamics/stiffness/": {"t": "Stiffness", "s": "Measure of an object's resistance to deformation under force."}, "/e/construction-and-materials/composite-material/": {"t": "Composite material", "s": "Composite materials merge dissimilar constituents for enhanced properties."}, "https://codexery.com/materials-and-states-of-matter/e/materials-and-states-of-matter/solid/": {"t": "Solid", "s": "A state of matter with tightly bound atoms and structural rigidity."}, "https://codexery.com/french-inventions/e/french-inventions/calcium-aluminate-cements/": {"t": "Calcium aluminate cements", "s": "French-invented cements with rapid strength gain and specialized uses."}, "https://codexery.com/manufacturing-and-materials/e/manufacturing-and-materials/roman-concrete/": {"t": "Roman concrete", "s": "Hydraulic concrete used in ancient Roman construction."}, "https://codexery.com/world-wonders/e/world-wonders/the-colosseum/": {"t": "The Colosseum", "s": "Largest ancient amphitheatre, symbol of Imperial Rome.", "i": "https://codexery.com/world-wonders/img/world-wonders/the-colosseum.webp", "c": "Dietmar Rabich · CC BY-SA 4.0"}, "https://codexery.com/english-counties/e/english-counties/northamptonshire/": {"t": "Northamptonshire", "s": "The county of spires and squires"}, "https://codexery.com/explorers-and-conquistadors/e/explorers-and-conquistadors/john-lloyd-stephens/": {"t": "John Lloyd Stephens", "s": "Explorer, writer, and diplomat who rediscovered Maya civilization."}, "https://codexery.com/gemstones/e/gemstones/opal/": {"t": "Opal", "s": "A hydrated amorphous silica mineraloid prized for its play-of-color.", "i": "https://codexery.com/gemstones/img/gemstones/opal.webp", "c": "Lambtron · CC BY-SA 4.0"}, "https://codexery.com/ancient-histories-and-epics/e/ancient-histories-and-epics/de-architectura/": {"t": "De architectura", "s": "Only surviving architectural treatise from antiquity, foundational for classical architecture."}, "https://codexery.com/manufacturing-and-materials/e/manufacturing-and-materials/prestressed-concrete/": {"t": "Prestressed concrete", "s": "Concrete strengthened by internal compression from tensioned tendons.", "i": "https://codexery.com/manufacturing-and-materials/img/manufacturing-and-materials/prestressed-concrete.webp", "c": "Scaglione, Nick · Public domain"}, "https://codexery.com/castle-architecture/e/castle-architecture/curtain-wall-fortification/": {"t": "Curtain wall (fortification)", "s": "Defensive wall between fortified towers or bastions."}, "https://codexery.com/world-wonders/e/world-wonders/the-great-wall-of-china/": {"t": "The Great Wall of China", "s": "An ancient defensive system spanning thousands of miles across China's northern borders.", "i": "https://codexery.com/world-wonders/img/world-wonders/the-great-wall-of-china.webp", "c": "Jakub Hałun · CC BY-SA 4.0"}, "https://codexery.com/castles-by-type/e/castles-by-type/letzi/": {"t": "Letzi", "s": "Swiss valley barriers combining hill castles and transverse walls."}, "https://codexery.com/physical-ocean-floor-features/e/physical-and-ocean-floor-features/topography/": {"t": "Topography", "s": "Study of land surface forms and features."}, "https://codexery.com/castles-by-type/e/castles-by-type/ringwork/": {"t": "Ringwork", "s": "Circular earthwork fortification without a motte."}, "https://codexery.com/ancient-cities/e/ancient-cities/uruk/": {"t": "Uruk", "s": "Ancient Sumerian city, largest urban area of its time."}, "https://codexery.com/ancient-civilizations/e/ancient-civilizations/sumer/": {"t": "Sumer", "s": "Earliest known civilization, emerging in southern Mesopotamia.", "i": "https://codexery.com/ancient-civilizations/img/ancient-civilizations/sumer.webp", "c": "Original: Phirosiberia Derivative: باسم · CC BY 3.0"}, "https://codexery.com/cities/e/ancient-cities/babylon/": {"t": "Babylon", "s": "Ancient city on the Euphrates, heart of Babylonia and home of wonders."}, "https://codexery.com/notable-buildings-and-monuments/e/notable-buildings-and-monuments/ishtar-gate/": {"t": "Ishtar Gate", "s": "The eighth gate of Babylon, adorned with glazed bricks and sacred animals.", "i": "https://codexery.com/notable-buildings-and-monuments/img/notable-buildings-and-monuments/ishtar-gate.webp", "c": "via Wikipedia: Ishtar Gate · see source"}, "https://codexery.com/rivers-and-seas-of-the-world/e/rivers-and-seas-of-the-world/caspian-sea/": {"t": "Caspian Sea", "s": "The world's largest inland body of water, a brackish sea between Europe and Asia.", "i": "https://codexery.com/rivers-and-seas-of-the-world/img/rivers-and-seas-of-the-world/caspian-sea.webp", "c": "NASA · Public domain"}, "https://codexery.com/rivers-and-lakes/e/rivers-and-lakes/indus-river/": {"t": "Indus River", "s": "A transboundary river of Asia, rising in Tibet and flowing through Kashmir and Pakistan to the Arabian Sea.", "i": "https://codexery.com/rivers-and-lakes/img/rivers-and-lakes/indus-river.webp", "c": "via Wikipedia: Indus River · see source"}, "https://codexery.com/cities-on-rivers/e/cities-on-rivers/surabaya/": {"t": "Surabaya", "s": "Surabaya: Bravely facing danger on the Madura Strait."}, "https://codexery.com/manufacturing-and-materials/e/manufacturing-and-materials/rammed-earth/": {"t": "Rammed earth", "s": "Ancient building technique revived for sustainable construction."}, "https://codexery.com/pre-columbian-empires/e/pre-columbian-empires/shang-dynasty/": {"t": "Shang dynasty", "s": "Earliest Chinese dynasty confirmed by archaeology and written records."}, "https://codexery.com/pre-columbian-empires/e/pre-columbian-empires/qin-dynasty/": {"t": "Qin dynasty", "s": "First imperial dynasty of China, unifying the Warring States."}}