[{"n": "Articles of Confederation", "u": "/e/constitutional-law/articles-of-confederation/", "s": "The first constitution of the United States, in force from 1781 to 1789."}, {"n": "Bill of Rights 1689", "u": "/e/constitutional-law/bill-of-rights-1689/", "s": "Act of Parliament establishing basic civil rights and succession rules."}, {"n": "Brown v. Board of Education", "u": "/e/constitutional-law/brown-v-board-of-education/", "s": "Landmark 1954 Supreme Court ruling that racial segregation in public schools violates the Equal Protection Cla"}, {"n": "Constitution", "u": "/e/constitutional-law/constitution/", "s": "The fundamental principles that govern a polity."}, {"n": "Constitution of China", "u": "/e/constitutional-law/constitution-of-china/", "s": "Supreme law of the People's Republic of China."}, {"n": "Constitution of India", "u": "/e/constitutional-law/constitution-of-india/", "s": "Supreme legal document and longest written national constitution."}, {"n": "Constitution of the United Kingdom", "u": "/e/constitutional-law/constitution-of-the-united-kingdom/", "s": "Uncodified constitution based on statutes, conventions, and judicial principles."}, {"n": "Constitution of the United States", "u": "/e/constitutional-law/constitution-of-the-united-states/", "s": "Supreme law of the United States, oldest written national constitution in force."}, {"n": "Constitutional amendment", "u": "/e/constitutional-law/constitutional-amendment/", "s": "A modification of a constitution through special procedures."}, {"n": "Constitutional court", "u": "/e/constitutional-law/constitutional-court/", "s": "High court ruling on constitutionality of laws."}, {"n": "Constitutional law", "u": "/e/constitutional-law/constitutional-law/", "s": "Body of law defining government structure and citizen rights."}, {"n": "Constituent assembly", "u": "/e/constitutional-law/constituent-assembly/", "s": "A body assembled to draft or revise a constitution."}, {"n": "Marbury v. Madison", "u": "/e/constitutional-law/marbury-v-madison/", "s": "Established judicial review in American constitutional law."}, {"n": "Miranda v. Arizona", "u": "/e/constitutional-law/miranda-v-arizona/", "s": "Landmark ruling requiring police to inform suspects of their rights."}, {"n": "Plessy v. Ferguson", "u": "/e/constitutional-law/plessy-v-ferguson/", "s": "Supreme Court case that upheld racial segregation under 'separate but equal.'"}, {"n": "Loving v. Virginia", "u": "/e/constitutional-law/loving-v-virginia/", "s": "Loving v."}, {"n": "Natural rights and legal rights", "u": "/e/constitutional-law/natural-rights-and-legal-rights/", "s": "Natural rights are universal; legal rights depend on human laws."}, {"n": "Negative and positive rights", "u": "/e/constitutional-law/negative-and-positive-rights/", "s": "Negative rights require inaction; positive rights require action."}, {"n": "Limited government", "u": "/e/constitutional-law/limited-government/", "s": "Government power restricted by law and consent."}, {"n": "National security", "u": "/e/constitutional-law/national-security/", "s": "Security and defense of a sovereign state and its institutions."}, {"n": "Pardon", "u": "/e/constitutional-law/pardon/", "s": "A government decision relieving legal consequences of a criminal conviction."}, {"n": "Parole", "u": "/e/constitutional-law/parole/", "s": "Early release of prisoners under supervision and conditions."}, {"n": "Proportionality (law)", "u": "/e/constitutional-law/proportionality-law/", "s": "A legal principle balancing restriction and severity across multiple legal domains."}, {"n": "Natural justice", "u": "/e/constitutional-law/natural-justice/", "s": "Procedural rights of impartiality and fair hearing in law."}]