{"/e/computer-storage/hard-disk-drive/": {"t": "Hard disk drive", "s": "Electro-mechanical magnetic storage device with rotating platters and moving heads."}, "/e/computer-storage/disk-storage/": {"t": "Disk storage", "s": "Rotating-disk data storage using magnetic, optical, or mechanical recording."}, "/e/computer-storage/floppy-disk-controller/": {"t": "Floppy disk controller", "s": "Hardware component controlling floppy disk drive read/write operations."}, "/e/computer-storage/floppy-disk/": {"t": "Floppy disk", "s": "A magnetic storage medium enclosed in a square plastic shell."}, "https://codexery.com/computers-designed-in-the-united-kingdom/e/computers-designed-in-the-united-kingdom/zx-spectrum/": {"t": "ZX Spectrum", "s": "An 8-bit home computer that shaped British computing."}, "/e/computer-storage/western-digital-fd1771/": {"t": "Western Digital FD1771", "s": "First Western Digital floppy disk controller chip.", "i": "https://codexery.com/computer-storage/img/computer-storage/western-digital-fd1771.webp", "c": "Western Digital Corp. · Public domain"}, "https://codexery.com/fifa-world-cup/e/honours/soviet-union/": {"t": "Soviet Union", "s": "The world's flagship communist state and a superpower spanning Eurasia."}, "https://codexery.com/cities-on-rivers/e/cities-on-rivers/saint-petersburg/": {"t": "Saint Petersburg", "s": "Russia's cultural capital and historic window to Europe."}, "https://codexery.com/finnish-inventions/e/finnish-inventions/linux/": {"t": "Linux", "s": "Free and open-source Unix-like operating system family."}, "https://codexery.com/compact-disc/e/compact-disc/cd-rom/": {"t": "CD-ROM", "s": "Read-only optical disc for computer data distribution."}, "https://codexery.com/computing-software/e/computing-and-software/operating-system/": {"t": "Operating system", "s": "The layer of software that manages a computer's resources for its users and their applications."}, "https://codexery.com/computing-digital/e/computing-and-digital/data-storage/": {"t": "Data storage", "s": "Recording information in physical media for retrieval."}, "https://codexery.com/computing-software/e/computing-and-software/punched-card/": {"t": "Punched card", "s": "Paper medium storing data via holes, used for computing and automation."}, "https://codexery.com/discovery-and-invention-controversies/e/discovery-and-invention-controversies/integrated-circuit/": {"t": "Integrated circuit", "s": "Compact electronic circuits on a semiconductor chip revolutionized modern technology."}, "https://codexery.com/dutch-inventions/e/dutch-inventions/electrical-capacitor/": {"t": "Electrical capacitor", "s": "Passive component storing electrical energy via separated conductors."}, "https://codexery.com/computing-software/e/computing-and-software/memory-card/": {"t": "Memory card", "s": "Portable flash memory storage for digital devices."}, "https://codexery.com/computing-digital/e/computing-and-digital/authentication/": {"t": "Authentication", "s": "Authentication verifies identity or provenance across multiple fields."}, "/e/computer-storage/exatron-stringy-floppy/": {"t": "Exatron Stringy Floppy", "s": "A continuous-loop tape drive for home computers, introduced in 1978."}, "/e/computer-storage/ibm-2321-data-cell/": {"t": "IBM 2321 Data Cell", "s": "A direct access storage device using magnetic tape strips."}, "/e/computer-storage/rotronics-wafadrive/": {"t": "Rotronics Wafadrive", "s": "Magnetic tape storage peripheral for the ZX Spectrum."}, "https://codexery.com/swedish-inventions/e/swedish-inventions/facit-edb/": {"t": "FACIT EDB", "s": "First fully Swedish series production computer, based on BESK."}, "https://codexery.com/finance-and-investment/e/finance-and-investment/cryptocurrency/": {"t": "Cryptocurrency", "s": "Digital asset using blockchain technology for secure, decentralized transactions."}, "/e/computer-storage/content-addressable-file-store/": {"t": "Content Addressable File Store", "s": "Hardware disk storage with built-in search capability.", "i": "https://codexery.com/computer-storage/img/computer-storage/content-addressable-file-store.webp", "c": "Ppmanea · CC BY 4.0"}, "https://codexery.com/companies-and-conglomerates/e/companies-and-conglomerates/dell/": {"t": "Dell", "s": "American technology company known for direct-to-consumer PC sales."}, "https://codexery.com/computing-software/e/computing-and-software/open-source-software/": {"t": "Open-source software", "s": "Software with publicly available source code for use, study, modification, and distribution."}, "/e/computer-storage/logical-block-addressing/": {"t": "Logical block addressing", "s": "Linear block addressing replaces physical geometry for storage access."}, "https://codexery.com/bios/e/bios/master-boot-record/": {"t": "Master boot record", "s": "Boot sector and partition table for IBM PC-compatible disks."}, "https://codexery.com/bios/e/bios/guid-partition-table/": {"t": "GUID Partition Table", "s": "A standard for partition table layout using GUIDs, part of the UEFI specification.", "i": "https://codexery.com/bios/img/bios/guid-partition-table.webp", "c": "via Wikipedia: GUID Partition Table · see source"}, "https://codexery.com/bios/e/bios/bios/": {"t": "BIOS", "s": "Firmware that initializes hardware and boots an operating system."}, "/e/computer-storage/drum-memory/": {"t": "Drum memory", "s": "Magnetic drum memory was a precursor to the hard disk drive."}, "/e/computer-storage/disk-read-and-write-head/": {"t": "Disk read-and-write head", "s": "Small component that reads and writes data on disk platters."}, "https://codexery.com/computing-software/e/computing-and-software/ms-dos/": {"t": "MS-DOS", "s": "The foundational operating system for IBM PC compatibles, MS-DOS evolved from a six-week clone of CP/M into the backbone of early personal computing."}, "https://codexery.com/pc-gaming-brands-and-manufacturers/e/pc-gaming-brands-and-manufacturers/gigabyte/": {"t": "Gigabyte", "s": "A unit of digital information with both decimal and binary definitions."}, "https://codexery.com/bios/e/bios/int-13h/": {"t": "INT 13H", "s": "BIOS interrupt for low-level disk read/write services."}, "https://codexery.com/international-organizations-and-agreemen/e/international-organizations-and-agreements/international-organization-for-standardization/": {"t": "International Organization for Standardization", "s": "Independent developer of global technical and nontechnical standards."}, "https://codexery.com/corporations/e/corporations/microsoft/": {"t": "Microsoft", "s": "The largest software company by revenue and one of the most valuable brands globally.", "i": "https://codexery.com/corporations/img/corporations/microsoft.webp", "c": "3aFW · CC0"}, "https://codexery.com/computing-software/e/computing-and-software/microsoft-windows/": {"t": "Microsoft Windows", "s": "Proprietary operating system by Microsoft, dominant on desktops since the 1990s."}, "/e/computer-storage/disk-array-controller/": {"t": "Disk array controller", "s": "Manages disks as logical units, often with hardware RAID.", "i": "https://codexery.com/computer-storage/img/computer-storage/disk-array-controller.webp", "c": "Mister rf · CC BY-SA 4.0"}, "/e/computer-storage/solid-state-drive/": {"t": "Solid-state drive", "s": "Solid-state drives store data in semiconductor cells with no moving parts.", "i": "https://codexery.com/computer-storage/img/computer-storage/solid-state-drive.webp", "c": "David290 · CC BY-SA 4.0"}, "/e/computer-storage/escon/": {"t": "ESCON", "s": "IBM optical serial interface for mainframe peripheral connections."}, "/e/computer-storage/disk-enclosure/": {"t": "Disk enclosure", "s": "A casing that powers and connects drives to external computers.", "i": "https://codexery.com/computer-storage/img/computer-storage/disk-enclosure.webp", "c": "Thomas Schanz · CC BY-SA 3.0"}, "https://codexery.com/computer-peripherals/e/computer-peripherals/expansion-card/": {"t": "Expansion card", "s": "A printed circuit board adding functionality via an expansion slot."}, "https://codexery.com/pc-gaming-brands-and-manufacturers/e/pc-gaming-brands-and-manufacturers/intel/": {"t": "Intel", "s": "A key architect of the personal computer revolution."}, "/e/computer-storage/page-cache/": {"t": "Page cache", "s": "Transparent cache for disk pages in main memory."}, "https://codexery.com/microsoft-windows/e/microsoft-windows/windows-8/": {"t": "Windows 8", "s": "A major Windows NT release with a new touch-focused interface."}, "https://codexery.com/finnish-inventions/e/finnish-inventions/linux-kernel/": {"t": "Linux kernel", "s": "Free and open-source kernel powering billions of devices worldwide."}, "https://codexery.com/thermodynamics-and-statistical-mechanics/e/thermodynamics-and-statistical-mechanics/temperature/": {"t": "Temperature", "s": "Temperature measures average particle kinetic energy and thermal energy distribution."}, "https://codexery.com/energy-power/e/energy-and-power/power-supply/": {"t": "Power supply", "s": "Device converting electric current to power electrical loads."}, "https://codexery.com/musical-forms-and-genres/e/musical-forms-and-genres/samba/": {"t": "Samba", "s": "Broad term for rhythms originating in Afro-Brazilian communities of Bahia."}, "https://codexery.com/electromagnetism-and-waves/e/electromagnetism-and-waves/magnetic-field/": {"t": "Magnetic field", "s": "A vector field quantifying magnetic influence at a given location."}, "/e/computer-storage/history-of-ibm-magnetic-disk-drives/": {"t": "History of IBM magnetic disk drives", "s": "IBM invented the disk drive and led its development for decades."}, "https://codexery.com/computing-software/e/computing-and-software/optical-disc/": {"t": "Optical disc", "s": "Flat disc storing data via physical variations read by light."}, "https://codexery.com/classical-mechanics-and-dynamics/e/classical-mechanics-and-dynamics/sound/": {"t": "Sound", "s": "Mechanical wave propagating through an elastic medium."}, "https://codexery.com/communication-and-media/e/communication-and-media/sound-recording-and-reproduction/": {"t": "Sound recording and reproduction", "s": "Technology for inscribing and recreating sound waves."}, "https://codexery.com/computing-software/e/computing-and-software/random-access-memory/": {"t": "Random-access memory", "s": "Electronic memory readable and writable in any order."}, "https://codexery.com/dutch-inventions/e/dutch-inventions/dvd/": {"t": "DVD", "s": "Digital optical disc format that replaced VHS for home video."}, "https://codexery.com/dutch-inventions/e/dutch-inventions/blu-ray/": {"t": "Blu-ray", "s": "The high-definition optical disc format that superseded DVD."}, "/e/computer-storage/cylinder-head-sector/": {"t": "Cylinder-head-sector", "s": "Early 3D addressing method for hard disk data blocks.", "i": "https://codexery.com/computer-storage/img/computer-storage/cylinder-head-sector.webp", "c": "LionKimbro · Public domain"}, "https://codexery.com/compact-disc/e/compact-disc/compact-disc-subcode/": {"t": "Compact Disc subcode", "s": "Control data multiplexed with audio or user data on a CD."}, "https://codexery.com/computing-digital/e/computing-and-digital/computer-hardware/": {"t": "Computer hardware", "s": "Physical parts of a computer directed by software."}, "https://codexery.com/us-cities/e/us-cities/san-jose-california/": {"t": "San Jose, California", "s": "Capital of Silicon Valley"}, "https://codexery.com/pandemics/e/pandemics/covid-19-pandemic/": {"t": "COVID-19 pandemic", "s": "Global pandemic caused by SARS-CoV-2, beginning in late 2019."}, "https://codexery.com/fifa-world-cup/e/honours/austria/": {"t": "Austria", "s": "A landlocked Central European nation with a rich imperial history and a modern neutral democracy."}, "/e/computer-storage/ibm-drum-storage/": {"t": "IBM drum storage", "s": "IBM magnetic drum devices for main memory and secondary storage."}, "/e/computer-storage/interleaving-disk-storage/": {"t": "Interleaving (disk storage)", "s": "Arranges sectors non-sequentially to match processing speed."}, "https://codexery.com/electromagnetism/e/electromagnetism/capacitance/": {"t": "Capacitance", "s": "Capacitance is the ability to store electric charge."}, "https://codexery.com/universities-and-colleges/e/universities-and-colleges/harvard-university/": {"t": "Harvard University", "s": "Oldest institution of higher learning in the United States.", "i": "https://codexery.com/universities-and-colleges/img/universities-and-colleges/harvard-university.webp", "c": "Harvard University · via Wikipedia: Harvard University · Public domain"}, "https://codexery.com/dutch-inventions/e/dutch-inventions/cassette-tape/": {"t": "Cassette tape", "s": "Analog magnetic tape format for audio recording and playback."}, "https://codexery.com/american-inventions/e/american-inventions/8-track-cartridge/": {"t": "8-track cartridge", "s": "Magnetic-tape cartridge popular from mid-1960s to early 1980s."}, "https://codexery.com/computing-digital/e/computing-and-digital/computer-network/": {"t": "Computer network", "s": "A system of interconnected hosts communicating via protocols and hardware."}, "https://codexery.com/computing-digital/e/computing-and-digital/database/": {"t": "Database", "s": "Organized data store managed by a database management system."}, "/e/computer-storage/disk-density/": {"t": "Double density", "s": "Double density doubles capacity over single density via improved encoding.", "i": "https://codexery.com/computer-storage/img/computer-storage/disk-density.webp", "c": "ΙΣΧΣΝΙΚΑ-888 · CC BY-SA 4.0"}, "https://codexery.com/microprocessors/e/microprocessors/microprocessor/": {"t": "Microprocessor", "s": "A single-chip CPU that revolutionized computing through integration.", "i": "https://codexery.com/microprocessors/img/microprocessors/microprocessor.webp", "c": "Piotr433 · CC0"}, "https://codexery.com/pc-hardware/e/pc-hardware/direct-memory-access/": {"t": "Direct memory access", "s": "DMA allows hardware to access memory independently of the CPU."}, "/e/computer-storage/sheevaplug/": {"t": "SheevaPlug", "s": "Early plug computer and predecessor to the Raspberry Pi."}, "https://codexery.com/display-standards/e/display-standards/hdmi/": {"t": "HDMI", "s": "Proprietary digital interface for high-quality audio and video transmission.", "i": "https://codexery.com/display-standards/img/display-standards/hdmi.webp", "c": "Vcengic · CC BY-SA 4.0"}, "https://codexery.com/computing-software/e/computing-and-software/personal-computer/": {"t": "Personal computer", "s": "The definitive guide to personal computers, from early microcomputers to modern Wintel dominance."}, "https://codexery.com/american-inventions/e/american-inventions/tablet-computer/": {"t": "Tablet computer", "s": "A touchscreen mobile device larger than a smartphone."}, "https://codexery.com/corporations-conglomerates/e/corporations-and-conglomerates/toshiba/": {"t": "Toshiba", "s": "Japanese electronics conglomerate known for flash memory and laptops.", "i": "https://codexery.com/corporations-conglomerates/img/corporations-and-conglomerates/toshiba.webp", "c": "photo: Qurren (talk) Taken with Samsung Galaxy J (NTT docomo SC-02F) · via Wikipedia: Toshiba · CC BY-SA 3.0"}, "/e/computer-storage/hard-disk-drive-performance-characteristics/": {"t": "Hard disk drive performance characteristics", "s": "Access time and data transfer rate define hard disk drive performance."}, "/e/computer-storage/mass-storage/": {"t": "Mass storage", "s": "Mass storage refers to large, persistent computer data storage devices."}, "https://codexery.com/rules-of-thumb/e/rules-of-thumb/moore-s-law/": {"t": "Moore's law", "s": "Observation that transistor density doubles roughly every two years."}, "https://codexery.com/electric-motors/e/electric-motors/stepper-motor/": {"t": "Stepper motor", "s": "A brushless DC motor that rotates in discrete angular steps.", "i": "https://codexery.com/electric-motors/img/electric-motors/stepper-motor.webp", "c": "Kushagra Keshari · CC BY-SA 4.0"}, "https://codexery.com/classical-mechanics-and-dynamics/e/classical-mechanics-and-dynamics/rotation/": {"t": "Rotation", "s": "Rotational motion leaves at least one point unchanged."}, "https://codexery.com/political-systems-elections/e/political-systems-and-elections/federal-government-of-the-united-states/": {"t": "Federal government of the United States", "s": "National government of the United States, established by the Constitution."}, "https://codexery.com/education-schools/e/education-and-schools/stanford-university/": {"t": "Stanford University", "s": "Private research university in Stanford, California, founded in 1885 by Leland and Jane Stanford.", "i": "https://codexery.com/education-schools/img/education-and-schools/stanford-university.webp", "c": "via Wikipedia: Stanford University · see source"}, "https://codexery.com/materials-and-states-of-matter/e/materials-and-states-of-matter/semiconductor/": {"t": "Semiconductor", "s": "Materials with conductivity between conductors and insulators."}, "https://codexery.com/communication-and-media/e/communication-and-media/signal-processing/": {"t": "Signal processing", "s": "Subfield of electrical engineering for analyzing and modifying signals."}, "https://codexery.com/hungarian-inventions/e/hungarian-inventions/holography/": {"t": "Holography", "s": "Technique for recording and reconstructing light fields."}, "https://codexery.com/polymers-and-macromolecules/e/polymers-and-macromolecules/polymer/": {"t": "Polymer", "s": "Large molecules of repeating subunits essential to life and industry."}, "https://codexery.com/computing-software/e/computing-and-software/printed-circuit-board/": {"t": "Printed circuit board", "s": "Laminated board connecting electronic components via etched copper traces."}, "https://codexery.com/computing-software/e/computing-and-software/programming-language/": {"t": "Programming language", "s": "Engineered languages for expressing computer programs."}, "https://codexery.com/microsoft-windows/e/microsoft-windows/windows-95/": {"t": "Windows 95", "s": "Consumer OS merging MS-DOS and Windows with a new GUI."}, "https://codexery.com/microsoft-windows/e/microsoft-windows/windows-2000/": {"t": "Windows 2000", "s": "The first NT release to drop the NT name."}, "https://codexery.com/microsoft-windows/e/microsoft-windows/windows-7/": {"t": "Windows 7", "s": "Windows 7 is a major Windows NT release succeeding Windows Vista."}, "https://codexery.com/intel-and-amd-microprocessors/e/intel-and-amd-microprocessors/itanium/": {"t": "Itanium", "s": "A 64-bit Intel architecture that failed to supplant x86."}, "https://codexery.com/computing-digital/e/computing-and-digital/computing/": {"t": "Computing", "s": "Goal-oriented activity involving computing machinery and algorithmic processes."}, "https://codexery.com/dutch-inventions/e/dutch-inventions/compact-disc/": {"t": "Compact disc", "s": "Digital optical disc co-developed by Philips and Sony for audio and data."}, "https://codexery.com/computing-digital/e/computing-and-digital/computer-architecture/": {"t": "Computer architecture", "s": "Conceptual design defining how computer components interact."}, "https://codexery.com/computing-software/e/computing-and-software/read-only-memory/": {"t": "Read-only memory", "s": "Non-volatile memory that cannot be electronically modified after manufacture."}, "/e/computer-storage/openmediavault/": {"t": "OpenMediaVault", "s": "Free Debian-based NAS distribution with web-based administration."}, "/e/computer-storage/truenas/": {"t": "TrueNAS", "s": "A family of NAS products built on OpenZFS."}, "/e/computer-storage/xigmanas/": {"t": "XigmaNAS", "s": "Open-source NAS software continuing the original FreeNAS code base."}, "/e/computer-storage/write-precompensation/": {"t": "Write precompensation", "s": "Precompensation adjusts write timing to counter magnetic recording nonlinearity."}, "https://codexery.com/probability-and-stochastic-processes/e/probability-and-stochastic-processes/maximum-likelihood-estimation/": {"t": "Maximum likelihood estimation", "s": "A method maximizing likelihood to estimate distribution parameters."}, "https://codexery.com/mathematical-logic-and-computation/e/mathematical-logic-and-computation/viterbi-algorithm/": {"t": "Viterbi algorithm", "s": "Dynamic programming algorithm for finding most likely hidden state sequences."}, "https://codexery.com/communication-and-media/e/communication-and-media/web-browser/": {"t": "Web browser", "s": "Application for accessing and displaying websites."}, "/e/computer-storage/bad-sector/": {"t": "Bad sector", "s": "A damaged disk sector causing data loss and system avoidance."}, "https://codexery.com/graphics-hardware/e/graphics-hardware/amd/": {"t": "AMD", "s": "American semiconductor company competing with Intel since 1975."}, "https://codexery.com/corporations-conglomerates/e/corporations-and-conglomerates/verizon/": {"t": "Verizon", "s": "American telecom giant formed from Baby Bell mergers.", "i": "https://codexery.com/corporations-conglomerates/img/corporations-and-conglomerates/verizon.webp", "c": "Eden, Janine and Jim from New York City · via Wikipedia: Verizon · CC BY 2.0"}, "https://codexery.com/pc-hardware/e/pc-hardware/benchmark-computing/": {"t": "Benchmark (computing)", "s": "A standard method for assessing relative performance of computer systems."}, "https://codexery.com/computing-digital/e/computing-and-digital/central-processing-unit/": {"t": "Central processing unit", "s": "Primary processor executing computer program instructions."}, "https://codexery.com/microprocessors/e/microprocessors/multi-core-processor/": {"t": "Multi-core processor", "s": "A single-chip processor with multiple cores for parallel execution.", "i": "https://codexery.com/microprocessors/img/microprocessors/multi-core-processor.webp", "c": "NASA Kennedy Space Center / NASA/Kim Shiflett · Public domain"}, "/e/computer-storage/guruplug/": {"t": "GuruPlug", "s": "A compact, low-power plug computer running Linux for network services."}, "/e/computer-storage/tonido/": {"t": "Tonido", "s": "Remote access and home server software for network-attached storage."}, "/e/computer-storage/ctera-networks/": {"t": "CTERA Networks", "s": "Enterprise file services platform for hybrid cloud storage."}, "https://codexery.com/computers-designed-in-the-united-kingdom/e/computers-designed-in-the-united-kingdom/raspberry-pi/": {"t": "Raspberry Pi", "s": "Low-cost single-board computers for education and industry."}, "/e/computer-storage/hybrid-drive/": {"t": "Hybrid drive", "s": "Hybrid drives combine SSD speed with HDD capacity."}, "https://codexery.com/egyptian-inventions/e/egyptian-inventions/mos-capacitor/": {"t": "MOS capacitor", "s": "Core structure enabling the MOSFET and modern integrated circuits."}, "/e/computer-storage/ulltradimm/": {"t": "ULLtraDIMM", "s": "SanDisk solid state storage on the DDR3 memory bus."}, "/e/computer-storage/disk-buffer/": {"t": "Disk buffer", "s": "Embedded memory in HDDs and SSDs that buffers data transfers.", "i": "https://codexery.com/computer-storage/img/computer-storage/disk-buffer.webp", "c": "GT1976 · CC BY-SA 4.0"}, "https://codexery.com/pc-gaming-brands-and-manufacturers-2/e/pc-gaming-brands-and-manufacturers/supermicro/": {"t": "Supermicro", "s": "American server and storage manufacturer for data centers and AI."}, "/e/computer-storage/berg-connector/": {"t": "Berg connector", "s": "A brand of electrical connector used in computer hardware, notably for floppy drives."}, "/e/computer-storage/file-server/": {"t": "File server", "s": "A network computer providing shared disk access to client workstations."}, "https://codexery.com/computers-designed-in-the-united-kingdom/e/computers-designed-in-the-united-kingdom/gec-4000-series/": {"t": "GEC 4000 series", "s": "British minicomputer series with firmware-based kernel features."}, "https://codexery.com/corporations/e/corporations/oracle-corporation/": {"t": "Oracle Corporation", "s": "The database and cloud infrastructure giant.", "i": "https://codexery.com/corporations/img/corporations/oracle-corporation.webp", "c": "via Wikipedia: Oracle Corporation · see source"}, "https://codexery.com/pc-gaming-brands-and-manufacturers/e/pc-gaming-brands-and-manufacturers/sandisk/": {"t": "SanDisk", "s": "American flash memory pioneer and SSD manufacturer."}, "https://codexery.com/communication-and-media/e/communication-and-media/television/": {"t": "Television", "s": "A telecommunication medium for transmitting moving images and sound."}, "https://codexery.com/cbs-news/e/cbs-news/cbs-news/": {"t": "CBS News", "s": "News division of the American television broadcaster CBS.", "i": "https://codexery.com/cbs-news/img/cbs-news/cbs-news.webp", "c": "via Wikipedia: CBS News · see source"}, "/e/computer-storage/card-reader/": {"t": "Card reader", "s": "Device reading data from card-shaped storage media.", "i": "https://codexery.com/computer-storage/img/computer-storage/card-reader.webp", "c": "CplKlinger · CC BY-SA 4.0"}, "https://codexery.com/microsoft-windows/e/microsoft-windows/windows-98/": {"t": "Windows 98", "s": "Consumer operating system succeeding Windows 95."}, "https://codexery.com/microsoft-windows/e/microsoft-windows/windows-me/": {"t": "Windows Me", "s": "The final MS-DOS-based Windows for home users."}, "https://codexery.com/units-measurement/e/units-and-measurement/watt/": {"t": "Watt", "s": "SI unit of power, equal to one joule per second."}, "https://codexery.com/pakistani-inventions/e/pakistani-inventions/pc-virus/": {"t": "PC virus", "s": "Self-replicating malware that requires a host program to spread."}, "https://codexery.com/computing-digital/e/computing-and-digital/android-operating-system/": {"t": "Android (operating system)", "s": "The world's most widely used operating system, powering billions of devices."}, "https://codexery.com/video-game-consoles-by-generation/e/video-game-consoles-by-generation/xbox-360/": {"t": "Xbox 360", "s": "Seventh-generation console that emphasized digital media and online gaming."}, "https://codexery.com/video-game-consoles-by-generation/e/video-game-consoles-by-generation/playstation-3/": {"t": "PlayStation 3", "s": "Sony's ambitious seventh-generation console that popularized Blu-ray and online gaming."}, "https://codexery.com/pc-gaming-brands-and-manufacturers-2/e/pc-gaming-brands-and-manufacturers/creative-labs/": {"t": "Creative Labs", "s": "Singaporean audio pioneer behind the Sound Blaster card."}, "https://codexery.com/space-missions/e/space-missions/the-international-space-station/": {"t": "The International Space Station", "s": "The International Space Station (ISS) is a modular spacecraft in low Earth orbit, assembled and operated by five partner agencies: NASA, Roscosmos, ESA, JAXA, a"}, "https://codexery.com/spacex-payloads-contracted-by-nasa/e/spacex-payloads-contracted-by-nasa/spacex-crs-17/": {"t": "SpaceX CRS-17", "s": "NASA-contracted SpaceX resupply mission to the ISS."}, "/e/computer-storage/storage-module-device/": {"t": "Storage Module Device", "s": "SMD was the standard large-disk interface before Intelligent Peripheral Interface."}, "https://codexery.com/science-measurement/e/science-and-measurement/medical-imaging/": {"t": "Medical imaging", "s": "Technique and process of imaging the interior of a body for clinical analysis and medical intervention.", "i": "https://codexery.com/science-measurement/img/science-and-measurement/medical-imaging.webp", "c": "Harrison Keely · CC BY 4.0"}, "https://codexery.com/intel-and-amd-microprocessors/e/intel-and-amd-microprocessors/opteron/": {"t": "Opteron", "s": "First x86-64 processor for servers and workstations."}, "https://codexery.com/american-inventions/e/american-inventions/19-inch-rack/": {"t": "19-inch rack", "s": "The standardized frame for mounting electronic equipment, established by AT&T around 1922."}, "https://codexery.com/computer-peripherals/e/computer-peripherals/drive-bay/": {"t": "Drive bay", "s": "Standardized bays for adding drives and accessories to computers.", "i": "https://codexery.com/computer-peripherals/img/computer-peripherals/drive-bay.webp", "c": "Chris Whippet · CC BY-SA 2.0"}, "/e/computer-storage/floppy-disk-variants/": {"t": "Floppy disk variants", "s": "Many floppy disk variants failed to unseat the dominant standards.", "i": "https://codexery.com/computer-storage/img/computer-storage/floppy-disk-variants.webp", "c": "Iswoar · CC BY-SA 3.0"}, "https://codexery.com/bios/e/bios/microcode/": {"t": "Microcode", "s": "Low-level control data implementing processor instruction sets."}, "https://codexery.com/corporations-conglomerates/e/corporations-and-conglomerates/sony/": {"t": "Sony", "s": "Japanese conglomerate known for electronics and entertainment.", "i": "https://codexery.com/corporations-conglomerates/img/corporations-and-conglomerates/sony.webp", "c": "Akonnchiroll · via Wikipedia: Sony · CC BY-SA 4.0"}, "https://codexery.com/computers-designed-in-the-united-kingdom/e/computers-designed-in-the-united-kingdom/acorn-archimedes/": {"t": "Acorn Archimedes", "s": "First RISC-based microcomputer affordable for home use."}, "https://codexery.com/dutch-inventions/e/dutch-inventions/cd-r/": {"t": "CD-R", "s": "Write-once optical disc format compatible with standard CD players."}, "https://codexery.com/compact-disc/e/compact-disc/cd-rw/": {"t": "CD-RW", "s": "Rewritable optical disc format introduced by Ricoh in 1997."}, "https://codexery.com/crime-and-infamy/e/crime-and-infamy/robert-hanssen/": {"t": "Robert Hanssen", "s": "FBI agent who spied for Soviet and Russian intelligence for 22 years."}, "https://codexery.com/electrical-systems/e/electrical-systems/electrical-connector/": {"t": "Electrical connector", "s": "Electromechanical devices joining electrical circuits via conductors."}, "https://codexery.com/american-inventions/e/american-inventions/amiga/": {"t": "Amiga", "s": "Mid-80s computer family with custom graphics and sound hardware."}, "https://codexery.com/communication-and-media/e/communication-and-media/signal-modulation/": {"t": "Signal modulation", "s": "Varying waveform properties to transmit information over distance."}, "https://codexery.com/miscellaneous/e/miscellaneous/automation/": {"t": "Automation", "s": "Technologies that reduce human intervention in processes via feedback control."}, "https://codexery.com/radio-modulation-modes/e/radio-modulation-modes/frequency-modulation/": {"t": "Frequency modulation", "s": "Frequency modulation varies carrier frequency with message signal amplitude."}, "https://codexery.com/radio-electronics/e/radio-electronics/phase-locked-loop/": {"t": "Phase-locked loop", "s": "A control system that locks output phase to input phase."}, "https://codexery.com/microprocessors/e/microprocessors/intel-8088/": {"t": "Intel 8088", "s": "Lower-cost 8086 variant with 8-bit bus, used in the IBM PC."}, "https://codexery.com/corporations/e/corporations/panasonic/": {"t": "Panasonic", "s": "A Japanese multinational electronics manufacturer with a global brand."}, "https://codexery.com/computers-designed-in-the-united-kingdom/e/computers-designed-in-the-united-kingdom/amstrad-cpc/": {"t": "Amstrad CPC", "s": "8-bit home computer series with integrated storage and monitor."}, "https://codexery.com/computers-designed-in-the-united-kingdom/e/computers-designed-in-the-united-kingdom/amstrad-pcw/": {"t": "Amstrad PCW", "s": "A low-cost word-processing computer that dominated UK and European markets."}, "https://codexery.com/corporations-conglomerates/e/corporations-and-conglomerates/sega/": {"t": "Sega", "s": "Sega: A legacy of arcade innovation and iconic franchises.", "i": "https://codexery.com/corporations-conglomerates/img/corporations-and-conglomerates/sega.webp", "c": "Evan-Amos · Public domain"}, "https://codexery.com/corporations-conglomerates/e/corporations-and-conglomerates/yamaha-corporation/": {"t": "Yamaha Corporation", "s": "Japanese multinational musical instrument and audio equipment manufacturer.", "i": "https://codexery.com/corporations-conglomerates/img/corporations-and-conglomerates/yamaha-corporation.webp", "c": "via Wikipedia: Yamaha Corporation · see source"}, "https://codexery.com/attribute/e/attribute/oric-1/": {"t": "Oric 1", "s": "1982 British home computer with 6502 CPU and attribute-clash graphics."}, "https://codexery.com/computers-designed-in-the-united-kingdom/e/computers-designed-in-the-united-kingdom/tatung-einstein/": {"t": "Tatung Einstein", "s": "Eight-bit business computer with built-in floppy drives."}, "https://codexery.com/computer-mice-and-monitors/e/computer-mice-and-monitors/amdek/": {"t": "Amdek", "s": "Amdek was once the name in PC monitors."}, "https://codexery.com/computers-designed-in-the-united-kingdom/e/computers-designed-in-the-united-kingdom/bbc-micro/": {"t": "BBC Micro", "s": "Acorn's BBC Micro brought computing to British schools."}, "https://codexery.com/console-accessories/e/console-accessories/famicom-disk-system/": {"t": "Famicom Disk System", "s": "A floppy-disk add-on that enabled cheaper, rewritable games for the Famicom."}, "https://codexery.com/radio-manufacturers/e/radio-manufacturers/sharp-corporation/": {"t": "Sharp Corporation", "s": "Japanese electronics pioneer known for calculators, LCD TVs, and camera phones."}, "/e/computer-storage/floptical/": {"t": "Floptical", "s": "Magnetic-optical floppy drive that stored 21 MB.", "i": "https://codexery.com/computer-storage/img/computer-storage/floptical.webp", "c": "Frodet · CC BY-SA 3.0"}, "https://codexery.com/stock-markets-finance/e/stock-markets-and-finance/venture-capital/": {"t": "Venture capital", "s": "Private equity financing for high-growth, early-stage companies."}, "https://codexery.com/business-magnates-tycoons/e/business-magnates-and-tycoons/an-wang/": {"t": "An Wang", "s": "An Wang was a Chinese-American computer engineer and inventor who cofounded Wang Laboratories, a company best known for its dedicated word processing machines."}, "https://codexery.com/inventors-and-engineers/e/inventors-and-engineers/steve-wozniak/": {"t": "Steve Wozniak", "s": "Co-founder of Apple Inc. and personal computer pioneer.", "i": "https://codexery.com/inventors-and-engineers/img/inventors-and-engineers/steve-wozniak.webp", "c": "vonguard from Oakland, Nmibia · CC BY-SA 2.0"}, "https://codexery.com/computers-designed-in-the-united-kingdom/e/computers-designed-in-the-united-kingdom/acorn-electron/": {"t": "Acorn Electron", "s": "Lower-cost alternative to the BBC Micro."}, "https://codexery.com/computers-designed-in-the-united-kingdom/e/computers-designed-in-the-united-kingdom/sam-coup/": {"t": "SAM Coupé", "s": "An 8-bit British home computer with ZX Spectrum compatibility."}, "https://codexery.com/bios/e/bios/nonvolatile-bios-memory/": {"t": "Nonvolatile BIOS memory", "s": "Small battery-backed memory storing BIOS settings on PC motherboards."}, "https://codexery.com/intel-and-amd-microprocessors/e/intel-and-amd-microprocessors/amd-am2900/": {"t": "AMD Am2900", "s": "A 1975 bit-slice family enabling fast, modular computer control units."}, "https://codexery.com/former-spanish-colonies/e/former-spanish-colonies/arizona/": {"t": "Arizona", "s": "Former Spanish colony, now a Southwestern U.S. state."}, "https://codexery.com/computing-digital/e/computing-and-digital/computer-program/": {"t": "Computer program", "s": "A sequence of instructions executed by a computer."}, "https://codexery.com/pc-gaming-brands-and-manufacturers/e/pc-gaming-brands-and-manufacturers/samsung/": {"t": "Samsung", "s": "South Korean conglomerate and global leader in electronics and shipbuilding."}, "https://codexery.com/battle-rifles-and-carbines/e/battle-rifles-and-carbines/winchester-model-1894/": {"t": "Winchester Model 1894", "s": "The first commercial American repeating rifle built to be used with smokeless powder.", "i": "https://codexery.com/battle-rifles-and-carbines/img/battle-rifles-and-carbines/winchester-model-1894.webp", "c": "Francis Barton Gummere · Public domain"}, "https://codexery.com/languages-and-writing-systems/e/languages-and-writing-systems/russian-language/": {"t": "Russian language", "s": "An East Slavic language of the Indo-European family, native to Russia and widely spoken across Eurasia."}, "https://codexery.com/compact-disc/e/compact-disc/disc-rot/": {"t": "Disc rot", "s": "Chemical deterioration that renders optical discs unreadable."}, "https://codexery.com/computing-software/e/computing-and-software/graphical-user-interface/": {"t": "Graphical user interface", "s": "A visual interface for interacting with electronic devices."}, "https://codexery.com/banking-and-finance/e/banking-and-finance/goldman-sachs/": {"t": "Goldman Sachs", "s": "American multinational investment bank founded in 1869."}, "https://codexery.com/communication-and-media/e/communication-and-media/user-interface/": {"t": "User interface", "s": "The space where humans and machines interact effectively."}, "https://codexery.com/constructed-language-creators/e/constructed-language-creators/frank-herbert/": {"t": "Frank Herbert", "s": "American science-fiction author of the Dune series."}, "https://codexery.com/dune/e/powers/orange-catholic-bible/": {"t": "Orange Catholic Bible", "s": "The syncretic scripture born from humanity's war against thinking machines."}, "/e/computer-storage/scality/": {"t": "Scality", "s": "Software-defined storage for distributed file and object data."}, "https://codexery.com/cities/e/landmark-cities/san-francisco/": {"t": "San Francisco", "s": "The City by the Bay, a center of liberal activism and innovation."}, "https://codexery.com/computing-digital/e/computing-and-digital/computer-security/": {"t": "Computer security", "s": "Subdiscipline of information security protecting digital systems and networks."}, "https://codexery.com/finance-and-investment/e/finance-and-investment/private-equity/": {"t": "Private equity", "s": "Private equity invests in private companies using leverage and active management."}, "https://codexery.com/microsoft-windows/e/microsoft-windows/windows-ce/": {"t": "Windows CE", "s": "Component-based real-time OS for embedded and mobile devices."}, "https://codexery.com/finnish-inventions/e/finnish-inventions/secure-shell/": {"t": "Secure Shell", "s": "Cryptographic protocol for secure remote login and command execution."}, "https://codexery.com/microprocessors/e/microprocessors/pentium-4/": {"t": "Pentium 4", "s": "Intel's NetBurst-based flagship, known for high clock speeds and mixed reviews."}, "https://codexery.com/films-about-consciousness-transfer/e/films-about-consciousness-transfer/source-code/": {"t": "Source Code", "s": "A soldier enters an eight-minute simulation to find a bomber."}, "https://codexery.com/video-game-consoles-by-generation/e/video-game-consoles-by-generation/cdtv/": {"t": "CDTV", "s": "A multimedia appliance based on Amiga hardware with a CD-ROM drive."}, "https://codexery.com/compact-disc/e/compact-disc/iso-9660/": {"t": "ISO 9660", "s": "International standard file system for optical disc media."}, "https://codexery.com/public-law/e/public-law/public-domain/": {"t": "Public domain", "s": "Creative works free from exclusive intellectual property rights.", "i": "https://codexery.com/public-law/img/public-law/public-domain.webp", "c": "Democratic Party · Public domain"}, "https://codexery.com/computing-software/e/computing-and-software/mac-computer/": {"t": "Mac (computer)", "s": "The Mac: a brand of personal computers designed and marketed by Apple since 1984."}, "https://codexery.com/rf-connectors-and-coax/e/rf-connectors-and-coax/rca-connector/": {"t": "RCA connector", "s": "A ubiquitous connector for analog audio and video signals.", "i": "https://codexery.com/rf-connectors-and-coax/img/rf-connectors-and-coax/rca-connector.webp", "c": "Adamantios · CC BY-SA 3.0"}}