{"/e/computer-keyboards/ergonomic-keyboard/": {"t": "Ergonomic keyboard", "s": "Keyboard designed to minimize muscle strain and fatigue.", "i": "https://codexery.com/computer-keyboards/img/computer-keyboards/ergonomic-keyboard.webp", "c": "Chris Hsia from United States · CC BY-SA 2.0"}, "https://codexery.com/computer-peripherals/e/computer-peripherals/peripheral/": {"t": "Peripheral", "s": "Auxiliary hardware device that transfers information to or from a computer.", "i": "https://codexery.com/computer-peripherals/img/computer-peripherals/peripheral.webp", "c": "DataBase Center for Life Science (DBCLS) · CC BY 4.0"}, "/e/computer-keyboards/keyboard-technology/": {"t": "Keyboard technology", "s": "Keyboard technology covers the mechanisms behind keystroke sensing and feedback."}, "https://codexery.com/computing-software/e/computing-and-software/punched-card/": {"t": "Punched card", "s": "Paper medium storing data via holes, used for computing and automation."}, "https://codexery.com/telegraph-keys-and-codes/e/telegraph-keys-and-codes/teleprinter/": {"t": "Teleprinter", "s": "Electromechanical device for typed message transmission."}, "https://codexery.com/computer-mice-and-monitors/e/computer-mice-and-monitors/computer-mouse/": {"t": "Computer mouse", "s": "A hand-held pointing device that controls a computer cursor.", "i": "https://codexery.com/computer-mice-and-monitors/img/computer-mice-and-monitors/computer-mouse.webp", "c": "Pixloom · CC BY-SA 4.0"}, "https://codexery.com/communication-and-media/e/communication-and-media/touchscreen/": {"t": "Touchscreen", "s": "A display that detects touch input for direct user interaction."}, "https://codexery.com/chinese-inventions/e/chinese-inventions/printing/": {"t": "Printing", "s": "Printing enabled mass reproduction of text and images across cultures."}, "/e/computer-keyboards/scancode/": {"t": "Scancode", "s": "A number or bit array uniquely identifying a keyboard key."}, "https://codexery.com/communication-and-media/e/communication-and-media/web-browser/": {"t": "Web browser", "s": "Application for accessing and displaying websites."}, "https://codexery.com/communication-and-media/e/communication-and-media/social-media/": {"t": "Social media", "s": "Interactive platforms for creating, sharing, and networking content."}, "https://codexery.com/stock-markets-finance/e/stock-markets-and-finance/stock-market/": {"t": "Stock market", "s": "A marketplace for buying and selling ownership shares in businesses."}, "https://codexery.com/telegraph-keys-and-codes/e/telegraph-keys-and-codes/ticker-tape/": {"t": "Ticker tape", "s": "Early electrical medium for transmitting stock prices over telegraph lines."}, "https://codexery.com/canadian-inventors/e/canadian-inventors/frederick-g-creed/": {"t": "Frederick G. Creed", "s": "Canadian inventor who developed the teleprinter and SWATH vessels."}, "https://codexery.com/pioneers-of-computing/e/pioneers-of-computing/herman-hollerith/": {"t": "Herman Hollerith", "s": "Inventor of the punched card tabulating machine."}, "https://codexery.com/electrical-systems/e/electrical-systems/light-emitting-diode/": {"t": "Light-emitting diode", "s": "Semiconductor device converting electricity into light via electroluminescence."}, "https://codexery.com/computing-software/e/computing-and-software/personal-computer/": {"t": "Personal computer", "s": "The definitive guide to personal computers, from early microcomputers to modern Wintel dominance."}, "https://codexery.com/corporations/e/corporations/microsoft/": {"t": "Microsoft", "s": "The largest software company by revenue and one of the most valuable brands globally.", "i": "https://codexery.com/corporations/img/corporations/microsoft.webp", "c": "3aFW · CC0"}, "https://codexery.com/computing-software/e/computing-and-software/operating-system/": {"t": "Operating system", "s": "The layer of software that manages a computer's resources for its users and their applications."}, "https://codexery.com/computing-software/e/computing-and-software/microsoft-windows/": {"t": "Microsoft Windows", "s": "Proprietary operating system by Microsoft, dominant on desktops since the 1990s."}, "/e/computer-keyboards/computer-keyboard/": {"t": "Computer keyboard", "s": "Key-based input device, primary computer interface since the 1970s.", "i": "https://codexery.com/computer-keyboards/img/computer-keyboards/computer-keyboard.webp", "c": "StephenEdmonds for http://popcorn.cx/computers/ · CC BY-SA 2.5 au"}, "https://codexery.com/bios/e/bios/bios/": {"t": "BIOS", "s": "Firmware that initializes hardware and boots an operating system."}, "/e/computer-keyboards/dead-key/": {"t": "Dead key", "s": "A key that modifies the next character without producing one itself.", "i": "https://codexery.com/computer-keyboards/img/computer-keyboards/dead-key.webp", "c": "YourWorldExplorer · CC BY 3.0"}, "https://codexery.com/windows-components/e/windows-components/character-map-windows/": {"t": "Character Map (Windows)", "s": "Windows utility for viewing and copying special characters."}, "https://codexery.com/finnish-inventions/e/finnish-inventions/linux/": {"t": "Linux", "s": "Free and open-source Unix-like operating system family."}, "/e/computer-keyboards/mnemonics-keyboard/": {"t": "Mnemonics (keyboard)", "s": "Highlighted characters in labels for keyboard navigation."}, "https://codexery.com/classic-video-games/e/classic-video-games/microsoft-solitaire/": {"t": "Microsoft Solitaire", "s": "A card game that familiarized millions with the mouse."}, "https://codexery.com/video-games-set-in-psychiatric-hospitals/e/video-games-set-in-psychiatric-hospitals/asylum-1981-video-game/": {"t": "Asylum (1981 video game)", "s": "A text adventure with line graphics set in a labyrinthine asylum."}, "https://codexery.com/adventure-games-of-the-1980s/e/adventure-games-of-the-1980s/leather-goddesses-of-phobos/": {"t": "Leather Goddesses of Phobos", "s": "Infocom's first sex farce with selectable naughtiness levels."}, "https://codexery.com/adventure-games-set-in-outer-space/e/adventure-games-set-in-outer-space/space-quest/": {"t": "Space Quest", "s": "A series of six comic sci-fi adventure games starring Roger Wilco."}, "https://codexery.com/atari-st-game-library-of-the-1980s/e/atari-st-game-library-of-the-1980s/gato-video-game/": {"t": "Gato (video game)", "s": "Real-time submarine combat in the Pacific Theater."}, "https://codexery.com/windows-administration/e/windows-administration/alt-tab/": {"t": "Alt-Tab", "s": "Switches between windows by most recent use."}, "/e/computer-keyboards/keycap/": {"t": "Keycap", "s": "A removable cover placed over a keyboard keyswitch."}, "/e/computer-keyboards/touch-typing/": {"t": "Touch typing", "s": "Typing without sight, using muscle memory and home row."}, "https://codexery.com/computers-designed-in-the-united-kingdom/e/computers-designed-in-the-united-kingdom/zx-spectrum/": {"t": "ZX Spectrum", "s": "An 8-bit home computer that shaped British computing."}, "https://codexery.com/electricity-and-magnetism/e/electricity-and-magnetism/electrical-conductor/": {"t": "Electrical conductor", "s": "Material enabling electric current flow via charge carriers.", "i": "https://codexery.com/electricity-and-magnetism/img/electricity-and-magnetism/electrical-conductor.webp", "c": "MikeRun · CC BY-SA 4.0"}, "https://codexery.com/manufacturing-and-materials/e/manufacturing-and-materials/plastic/": {"t": "Plastic", "s": "Synthetic materials defined by plasticity, widely used since the early 20th century."}, "https://codexery.com/corporations-conglomerates/e/corporations-and-conglomerates/sony/": {"t": "Sony", "s": "Japanese conglomerate known for electronics and entertainment.", "i": "https://codexery.com/corporations-conglomerates/img/corporations-and-conglomerates/sony.webp", "c": "Akonnchiroll · via Wikipedia: Sony · CC BY-SA 4.0"}, "/e/computer-keyboards/kinesis-keyboard/": {"t": "Kinesis (keyboard)", "s": "Ergonomic keyboards with contoured buckets and thumb-modifier clusters."}, "/e/computer-keyboards/microsoft-ergonomic-keyboards/": {"t": "Microsoft ergonomic keyboards", "s": "Microsoft's line of ergonomic keyboards from 1994 onward."}, "https://codexery.com/amateur-radio/e/amateur-radio/keyer/": {"t": "Keyer", "s": "A device for hand signaling via switches, in telegraphy and computing."}, "/e/computer-keyboards/chorded-keyboard/": {"t": "Chorded keyboard", "s": "A one-handed input device using key combinations like musical chords."}, "/e/computer-keyboards/datahand/": {"t": "DataHand", "s": "Ergonomic keyboard using magnets and optical sensors, no wrist motion."}, "https://codexery.com/gaming-mechanics-design/e/gaming-mechanics-and-design/game-controller/": {"t": "Game controller", "s": "A game controller is an input or input/output device used with video games or entertainment systems to provide input to a video game.", "i": "https://codexery.com/gaming-mechanics-design/img/gaming-mechanics-and-design/game-controller.webp", "c": "InclusiveGameLab · CC BY-SA 4.0"}, "https://codexery.com/headphones-mics-and-mice/e/headphones-mics-and-mice/trackball/": {"t": "Trackball", "s": "A stationary pointing device with an exposed rolling ball."}, "/e/computer-keyboards/velotype/": {"t": "Velotype", "s": "A syllabic chord keyboard for faster typing."}, "https://codexery.com/syndromes-affecting-the-nervous-system/e/syndromes-affecting-the-nervous-system/carpal-tunnel-syndrome/": {"t": "Carpal tunnel syndrome", "s": "Compressive median neuropathy at the wrist, often idiopathic."}, "https://codexery.com/occupational-diseases/e/occupational-diseases/repetitive-strain-injury/": {"t": "Repetitive strain injury", "s": "Injury from repetitive use, vibrations, compression, or fixed postures."}, "https://codexery.com/international-organizations-and-agreemen/e/international-organizations-and-agreements/international-organization-for-standardization/": {"t": "International Organization for Standardization", "s": "Independent developer of global technical and nontechnical standards."}, "https://codexery.com/languages-and-scripts/e/languages-and-scripts/writing-system/": {"t": "Writing system", "s": "A system of symbols and rules for representing language."}, "https://codexery.com/writing-systems/e/writing-systems/hiragana/": {"t": "Hiragana", "s": "A Japanese syllabary used for phonetic writing."}, "https://codexery.com/pc-hardware/e/pc-hardware/emulator/": {"t": "Emulator", "s": "An emulator lets one system imitate another to run its software."}, "https://codexery.com/languages-of-the-world/e/languages-of-the-world/vietnamese-language/": {"t": "Vietnamese language", "s": "Austroasiatic language of Vietnam with over 86 million native speakers."}, "https://codexery.com/languages-and-writing-systems/e/languages-and-writing-systems/serbo-croatian/": {"t": "Serbo-Croatian", "s": "A pluricentric South Slavic language with four standard varieties."}, "https://codexery.com/communication-and-media/e/communication-and-media/text-messaging/": {"t": "Text messaging", "s": "Electronic messaging between mobile devices via SMS, MMS, and apps."}, "/e/computer-keyboards/keyboard-matrix-circuit/": {"t": "Keyboard matrix circuit", "s": "A grid of wires connecting key switches for efficient scanning.", "i": "https://codexery.com/computer-keyboards/img/computer-keyboards/keyboard-matrix-circuit.webp", "c": "Daniel beardsmore · Public domain"}, "https://codexery.com/shoot-em-ups-of-the-1990s/e/shoot-em-ups-of-the-1990s/star-control/": {"t": "Star Control", "s": "Interstellar war fought through strategy and ship combat."}, "https://codexery.com/microprocessors/e/microprocessors/intel-80286/": {"t": "Intel 80286", "s": "First x86 CPU with memory management and protected mode."}, "https://codexery.com/microprocessors/e/microprocessors/intel-80386sx/": {"t": "Intel 80386SX", "s": "32-bit x86 processor with virtual 8086 mode and on-chip MMU."}, "/e/computer-keyboards/ps-2-port/": {"t": "PS/2 port", "s": "Six-pin mini-DIN connector for keyboards and mice on PCs."}, "/e/computer-keyboards/keyboard-controller-computing/": {"t": "Keyboard controller (computing)", "s": "Interfaces keyboard to computer, handling key events and legacy functions.", "i": "https://codexery.com/computer-keyboards/img/computer-keyboards/keyboard-controller-computing.webp", "c": "Melissa Ursula Dawn Goldsmith · CC BY-SA 4.0"}, "/e/computer-keyboards/key-rollover/": {"t": "Key rollover", "s": "Key rollover enables correct detection of multiple simultaneous keystrokes.", "i": "https://codexery.com/computer-keyboards/img/computer-keyboards/key-rollover.webp", "c": "Kim Shiflett · Public domain"}, "/e/computer-keyboards/jcuken/": {"t": "JCUKEN", "s": "The standard Russian keyboard layout, adopted in 1953.", "i": "https://codexery.com/computer-keyboards/img/computer-keyboards/jcuken.webp", "c": "Austin Mills (austinmills) · CC BY-SA 2.0"}, "https://codexery.com/russian-cities/e/russian-cities/yekaterinburg/": {"t": "Yekaterinburg", "s": "The third capital of Russia, a cultural and industrial powerhouse on the Iset River."}, "https://codexery.com/writing-systems/e/writing-systems/cyrillic-script/": {"t": "Cyrillic script", "s": "Third official script of the European Union.", "i": "https://codexery.com/writing-systems/img/writing-systems/cyrillic-script.webp", "c": "Crissov , Gojdo · CC BY-SA 4.0"}, "https://codexery.com/pioneers-of-computing-and-information-th/e/pioneers-of-computing-and-information-theory/niklaus-wirth/": {"t": "Niklaus Wirth", "s": "Swiss computer scientist who designed several programming languages, including Pascal.", "i": "https://codexery.com/pioneers-of-computing-and-information-th/img/pioneers-of-computing-and-information-theory/niklaus-wirth.webp", "c": "Tyomitch · via Wikipedia: Niklaus Wirth · Copyrighted free use"}, "https://codexery.com/media-and-publishing/e/media-and-publishing/the-new-york-times/": {"t": "The New York Times", "s": "The Gray Lady, a U.S."}, "https://codexery.com/corporations-conglomerates/e/corporations-and-conglomerates/yandex/": {"t": "Yandex", "s": "Russian tech giant behind the country's top search engine and ridesharing service."}, "https://codexery.com/sports-and-athletics/e/sports-and-athletics/powerlifting/": {"t": "Powerlifting", "s": "Strength through three lifts: squat, bench press, and deadlift."}, "https://codexery.com/computer-storage/e/computer-storage/hard-disk-drive/": {"t": "Hard disk drive", "s": "Electro-mechanical magnetic storage device with rotating platters and moving heads."}, "/e/computer-keyboards/topre/": {"t": "Topre", "s": "Japanese engineering company known for capacitive key switches."}, "https://codexery.com/energy-power/e/energy-and-power/microwave-oven/": {"t": "Microwave oven", "s": "An electric oven using microwaves for rapid food heating."}, "https://codexery.com/computer-peripherals/e/computer-peripherals/photocopier/": {"t": "Photocopier", "s": "A machine that copies documents using xerography or other technologies."}, "https://codexery.com/computing-software/e/computing-and-software/printed-circuit-board/": {"t": "Printed circuit board", "s": "Laminated board connecting electronic components via etched copper traces."}, "https://codexery.com/electromagnetism/e/electromagnetism/dielectric/": {"t": "Dielectric", "s": "An electrical insulator that stores energy through polarisation."}, "/e/computer-keyboards/model-f-keyboard/": {"t": "Model F keyboard", "s": "Capacitive buckling-spring keyboard, predecessor to the Model M."}, "/e/computer-keyboards/model-m-keyboard/": {"t": "Model M keyboard", "s": "A durable buckling-spring keyboard influential on later layouts."}, "https://codexery.com/electricity-and-magnetism/e/electricity-and-magnetism/hall-effect/": {"t": "Hall effect", "s": "Transverse voltage from current and perpendicular magnetic field."}, "https://codexery.com/electromagnetism-and-waves/e/electromagnetism-and-waves/reflection-physics/": {"t": "Reflection (physics)", "s": "Wavefront returns into the original medium upon striking an interface."}, "https://codexery.com/sports-and-recreation/e/sports-and-recreation/video-game/": {"t": "Video game", "s": "Electronic games with visual feedback from a display device."}, "https://codexery.com/computing-digital/e/computing-and-digital/computing/": {"t": "Computing", "s": "Goal-oriented activity involving computing machinery and algorithmic processes."}, "https://codexery.com/windows-apis/e/windows-apis/windows-api/": {"t": "Windows API", "s": "The foundational API for accessing Microsoft Windows features."}, "https://codexery.com/communication-and-media/e/communication-and-media/user-interface/": {"t": "User interface", "s": "The space where humans and machines interact effectively."}, "https://codexery.com/pc-gaming-brands-and-manufacturers/e/pc-gaming-brands-and-manufacturers/logitech/": {"t": "Logitech", "s": "Swiss multinational maker of mice, keyboards, webcams, and peripherals."}, "https://codexery.com/computing-software/e/computing-and-software/mac-computer/": {"t": "Mac (computer)", "s": "The Mac: a brand of personal computers designed and marketed by Apple since 1984."}, "https://codexery.com/dutch-inventions/e/dutch-inventions/bluetooth/": {"t": "Bluetooth", "s": "Short-range wireless standard uniting devices via radio waves."}, "https://codexery.com/cities/e/coastal/singapore/": {"t": "Singapore", "s": "The Lion City, a global hub of trade and finance."}, "https://codexery.com/pc-gaming-brands-and-manufacturers-2/e/pc-gaming-brands-and-manufacturers/creative-labs/": {"t": "Creative Labs", "s": "Singaporean audio pioneer behind the Sound Blaster card."}, "https://codexery.com/computer-peripherals/e/computer-peripherals/midi-controller/": {"t": "MIDI controller", "s": "An input device that sends MIDI data to external sound sources."}, "https://codexery.com/microsoft-windows/e/microsoft-windows/windows-2000/": {"t": "Windows 2000", "s": "The first NT release to drop the NT name."}, "https://codexery.com/italian-inventions/e/italian-inventions/arduino/": {"t": "Arduino", "s": "Italian open-source platform for building interactive electronic devices."}, "https://codexery.com/pc-gaming-brands-and-manufacturers/e/pc-gaming-brands-and-manufacturers/lenovo/": {"t": "Lenovo", "s": "Hong Kong–based Chinese multinational and world's largest PC vendor."}, "https://codexery.com/computing-digital/e/computing-and-digital/computer-hardware/": {"t": "Computer hardware", "s": "Physical parts of a computer directed by software."}, "https://codexery.com/microsoft-windows/e/microsoft-windows/windows-7/": {"t": "Windows 7", "s": "Windows 7 is a major Windows NT release succeeding Windows Vista."}, "https://codexery.com/computing-software/e/computing-and-software/programming-language/": {"t": "Programming language", "s": "Engineered languages for expressing computer programs."}, "https://codexery.com/bios/e/bios/microcode/": {"t": "Microcode", "s": "Low-level control data implementing processor instruction sets."}, "https://codexery.com/films-about-consciousness-transfer/e/films-about-consciousness-transfer/source-code/": {"t": "Source Code", "s": "A soldier enters an eight-minute simulation to find a bomber."}, "https://codexery.com/pioneers-of-computing-and-information-th/e/pioneers-of-computing-and-information-theory/richard-stallman/": {"t": "Richard Stallman", "s": "Free software movement activist and programmer."}, "https://codexery.com/microprocessors/e/microprocessors/stack-machine/": {"t": "Stack machine", "s": "A processor using a push-down stack for temporary values."}, "https://codexery.com/discovery-and-invention-controversies/e/discovery-and-invention-controversies/integrated-circuit/": {"t": "Integrated circuit", "s": "Compact electronic circuits on a semiconductor chip revolutionized modern technology."}, "https://codexery.com/computing-digital/e/computing-and-digital/central-processing-unit/": {"t": "Central processing unit", "s": "Primary processor executing computer program instructions."}, "https://codexery.com/hard-science-fiction-novels/e/hard-science-fiction-novels/jurassic-park-novel/": {"t": "Jurassic Park (novel)", "s": "A cautionary novel about genetic engineering and chaos theory."}, "https://codexery.com/adventure-film-series/e/adventure-film-series/the-lord-of-the-rings-film-series/": {"t": "The Lord of the Rings (film series)", "s": "Three films shot simultaneously in New Zealand from 1999 to 2000."}, "https://codexery.com/sensory-systems/e/sensory-systems/visual-perception/": {"t": "Visual perception", "s": "Visual perception is the active process of interpreting light to form meaningful representations of the environment."}, "https://codexery.com/philosophical-concepts/e/philosophical-concepts/inductive-reasoning/": {"t": "Inductive reasoning", "s": "Reasoning that yields probable, not certain, conclusions.", "i": "https://codexery.com/philosophical-concepts/img/philosophical-concepts/inductive-reasoning.webp", "c": "Brian Brondel at English Wikibooks · CC BY-SA 2.5"}, "https://codexery.com/languages-and-dialects/e/languages-and-dialects/english-language/": {"t": "English language", "s": "A West Germanic language that became the world's lingua franca."}, "https://codexery.com/cities/e/coastal/sydney/": {"t": "Sydney", "s": "The Harbour City, capital of New South Wales and Australia's largest city."}, "https://codexery.com/cities-on-rivers/e/cities-on-rivers/shenzhen/": {"t": "Shenzhen", "s": "Shenzhen: A premier global metropolis and technology hub on the Pearl River estuary."}, "https://codexery.com/media-and-publishing/e/media-and-publishing/the-wall-street-journal/": {"t": "The Wall Street Journal", "s": "American business newspaper, newspaper of record, center-right editorial page."}, "https://codexery.com/energy-power/e/energy-and-power/power-supply/": {"t": "Power supply", "s": "Device converting electric current to power electrical loads."}, "https://codexery.com/computer-cooling-and-sound-cards/e/computer-cooling-and-sound-cards/computer-cooling/": {"t": "Computer cooling", "s": "Removing waste heat to keep computer components within safe operating temperatures.", "i": "https://codexery.com/computer-cooling-and-sound-cards/img/computer-cooling-and-sound-cards/computer-cooling.webp", "c": "Raquelaa54 · CC BY 4.0"}, "https://codexery.com/cities/e/capitals/tokyo/": {"t": "Tokyo", "s": "The capital of Japan, a global hub of economy, culture, and innovation."}, "/e/computer-keyboards/happy-hacking-keyboard/": {"t": "Happy Hacking Keyboard", "s": "A 60-key keyboard returning the control key to its original position."}, "https://codexery.com/energy-power/e/energy-and-power/refrigeration/": {"t": "Refrigeration", "s": "Artificial cooling that transformed food preservation and human settlement."}, "https://codexery.com/energy-power/e/energy-and-power/air-conditioning/": {"t": "Air conditioning", "s": "Cooling the world, from ancient passive designs to modern electric systems."}, "https://codexery.com/prefectures-of-japan/e/prefectures-of-japan/kanagawa-prefecture/": {"t": "Kanagawa Prefecture", "s": "Historic seat of the Kamakura shogunate and modern commercial hub.", "i": "https://codexery.com/prefectures-of-japan/img/prefectures-of-japan/kanagawa-prefecture.webp", "c": "Dick Thomas Johnson from Tokyo, Japan · via Wikipedia: Kanagawa Prefecture · CC BY 2.0"}, "https://codexery.com/japanese-cities/e/japanese-cities/hiroshima/": {"t": "Hiroshima", "s": "First city targeted by a nuclear weapon in history."}, "https://codexery.com/radio-manufacturers/e/radio-manufacturers/jvc/": {"t": "JVC", "s": "Japanese electronics pioneer that developed the VHS video recorder."}, "https://codexery.com/automotive-industry/e/automotive-industry/nissan/": {"t": "Nissan", "s": "Japanese automaker, part of Renault–Nissan–Mitsubishi Alliance since 1999."}, "https://codexery.com/automotive-industry/e/automotive-industry/honda/": {"t": "Honda", "s": "Honda Motor Co., Ltd., usually shortened to Honda, is a Japanese multinational conglomerate that makes cars and other vehicles."}, "https://codexery.com/automotive-industry/e/automotive-industry/toyota/": {"t": "Toyota", "s": "Japanese automaker; world's largest vehicle producer."}, "https://codexery.com/prefectures-of-japan/e/prefectures-of-japan/fukuoka-prefecture/": {"t": "Fukuoka Prefecture", "s": "Northern Kyūshū prefecture with major industry and historic temples."}, "/e/computer-keyboards/british-and-american-keyboards/": {"t": "British and American keyboards", "s": "Two major QWERTY layouts with distinct key arrangements and symbol support."}, "https://codexery.com/fifa-world-cup/e/honours/scotland/": {"t": "Scotland", "s": "A country of ancient kingdoms, rugged highlands, and deep lochs."}, "https://codexery.com/automotive-industry/e/automotive-industry/chrysler/": {"t": "Chrysler", "s": "One of the Big Three U.S. automakers, now a Stellantis subsidiary.", "i": "https://codexery.com/automotive-industry/img/automotive-industry/chrysler.webp", "c": "Riley from Christchurch, New Zealand · CC BY 2.0"}, "https://codexery.com/finance-and-investment/e/finance-and-investment/financial-services/": {"t": "Financial services", "s": "Economic services tied to finance provided by financial institutions."}, "https://codexery.com/polymers-and-macromolecules/e/polymers-and-macromolecules/polymer/": {"t": "Polymer", "s": "Large molecules of repeating subunits essential to life and industry."}, "https://codexery.com/chemistry-materials/e/chemistry-and-materials/nylon/": {"t": "Nylon", "s": "First commercially successful synthetic thermoplastic polymer."}, "https://codexery.com/computers-designed-in-the-united-kingdom/e/computers-designed-in-the-united-kingdom/amstrad-pcw/": {"t": "Amstrad PCW", "s": "A low-cost word-processing computer that dominated UK and European markets."}, "https://codexery.com/headphones-mics-and-mice/e/headphones-mics-and-mice/pointing-stick/": {"t": "Pointing stick", "s": "An isometric pointing device that senses force, not movement."}, "https://codexery.com/amateur-radio/e/amateur-radio/baudot-code/": {"t": "Baudot code", "s": "Five-bit telegraph code that preceded ITA2 and ASCII."}, "https://codexery.com/us-cities/e/us-cities/tucson-arizona/": {"t": "Tucson, Arizona", "s": "Second-largest city in Arizona, founded as a Spanish presidio in 1775."}, "https://codexery.com/computing-software/e/computing-and-software/ms-dos/": {"t": "MS-DOS", "s": "The foundational operating system for IBM PC compatibles, MS-DOS evolved from a six-week clone of CP/M into the backbone of early personal computing."}, "https://codexery.com/radio-manufacturers/e/radio-manufacturers/sharp-corporation/": {"t": "Sharp Corporation", "s": "Japanese electronics pioneer known for calculators, LCD TVs, and camera phones."}, "https://codexery.com/graphics-hardware/e/graphics-hardware/chips-and-technologies/": {"t": "Chips and Technologies", "s": "Pioneering fabless semiconductor company that opened the PC graphics market."}, "https://codexery.com/polymers-and-macromolecules/e/polymers-and-macromolecules/poly-methyl-methacrylate/": {"t": "Poly(methyl methacrylate)", "s": "A transparent thermoplastic used as a shatter-resistant glass alternative."}, "https://codexery.com/pc-hardware/e/pc-hardware/graphics-processing-unit/": {"t": "Graphics processing unit", "s": "Specialized circuit for graphics and parallel computation."}, "https://codexery.com/thunderball/e/thunderball/james-bond/": {"t": "James Bond", "s": "Fictional British Secret Service agent, code number 007."}, "https://codexery.com/james-bond/e/films/goldeneye/": {"t": "GoldenEye", "s": "In a post-Cold War world, an ancient satellite weapon threatens global stability."}, "https://codexery.com/microprocessors/e/microprocessors/pentium-original/": {"t": "Pentium (original)", "s": "Intel's first superscalar x86 processor, introduced March 22, 1993."}, "https://codexery.com/intel-and-amd-microprocessors/e/intel-and-amd-microprocessors/am5x86/": {"t": "Am5x86", "s": "A 486-class CPU that rivaled the Pentium 75 in integer performance.", "i": "https://codexery.com/intel-and-amd-microprocessors/img/intel-and-amd-microprocessors/am5x86.webp", "c": "Pauli Rautakorpi · CC BY 3.0"}, "https://codexery.com/physical-geography-elevation/e/physical-geography-and-elevation/contour-line/": {"t": "Contour line", "s": "Lines joining points of equal value on maps and graphs.", "i": "https://codexery.com/physical-geography-elevation/img/physical-geography-and-elevation/contour-line.webp", "c": "Richard West · CC BY-SA 2.0"}, "https://codexery.com/headphones-mics-and-mice/e/headphones-mics-and-mice/touchpad/": {"t": "Touchpad", "s": "A flat pointing device that translates finger motion into cursor control."}, "https://codexery.com/u-s-states/e/u-s-states/massachusetts/": {"t": "Massachusetts", "s": "A New England state with a rich colonial and revolutionary history.", "i": "https://codexery.com/u-s-states/img/u-s-states/massachusetts.webp", "c": "TylerKutschbach · CC BY-SA 4.0"}, "https://codexery.com/microsoft-windows/e/microsoft-windows/windows-95/": {"t": "Windows 95", "s": "Consumer OS merging MS-DOS and Windows with a new GUI."}, "https://codexery.com/belgian-inventions/e/belgian-inventions/advanced-encryption-standard/": {"t": "Advanced Encryption Standard", "s": "US government standard for symmetric-key encryption.", "i": "https://codexery.com/belgian-inventions/img/belgian-inventions/advanced-encryption-standard.webp", "c": "Jeongysu · CC BY-SA 3.0"}, "https://codexery.com/units-measurement/e/units-and-measurement/newton-unit/": {"t": "Newton (unit)", "s": "SI unit of force, named after Isaac Newton."}, "/e/computer-keyboards/lk201/": {"t": "LK201", "s": "Introduced inverted-T cursor keys and Compose key in 1982."}, "/e/computer-keyboards/unicomp/": {"t": "Unicomp", "s": "Current license holder and manufacturer of Model M keyboards."}, "https://codexery.com/cities-and-settlements/e/cities-and-settlements/guadalajara/": {"t": "Guadalajara", "s": "Capital of Jalisco, cultural and economic center of western Mexico."}, "https://codexery.com/common-diseases-disorders/e/common-diseases-and-disorders/deafness/": {"t": "Deafness", "s": "Deafness spans medical hearing loss and cultural Deaf identity."}, "https://codexery.com/countries-and-territories/e/countries-and-territories/republic-of-ireland/": {"t": "Republic of Ireland", "s": "The Republic of Ireland is a sovereign state in Northwestern Europe, occupying 26 of the 32 counties of the island of Ireland."}, "https://codexery.com/languages-and-scripts/e/languages-and-scripts/welsh-language/": {"t": "Welsh language", "s": "A Brittonic Celtic language native to Wales with official status."}, "/e/computer-keyboards/iso-iec-9995/": {"t": "ISO/IEC 9995", "s": "ISO/IEC standard series for keyboard layout principles.", "i": "https://codexery.com/computer-keyboards/img/computer-keyboards/iso-iec-9995.webp", "c": "Karl432 · CC0"}, "https://codexery.com/instruments/e/musical-instruments/the-piano/": {"t": "The Piano", "s": "A haunting, unpredictable tale of love and sex told from a woman's point of view.", "i": "https://codexery.com/instruments/img/musical-instruments/the-piano.webp", "c": "Unknown author · Public domain"}, "https://codexery.com/historical-figures/e/scientists/douglas-engelbart/": {"t": "Douglas Engelbart", "s": "Pioneer of human–computer interaction and inventor of the computer mouse"}, "https://codexery.com/spatial-computing/e/spatial-computing/wearable-computer/": {"t": "Wearable computer", "s": "A computing device worn on the body for various purposes."}, "https://codexery.com/inventors-of-everyday-objects/e/inventors-of-everyday-objects/charles-wheatstone/": {"t": "Charles Wheatstone", "s": "English physicist and inventor known for the Wheatstone bridge (originally invented by Samuel Hunter Christie), the English concertina, the stereoscope, and the", "i": "https://codexery.com/inventors-of-everyday-objects/img/inventors-of-everyday-objects/charles-wheatstone.webp", "c": "Peter Trimming · CC BY-SA 2.0"}, "https://codexery.com/writing-systems/e/writing-systems/braille/": {"t": "Braille", "s": "Tactile writing system for blind and visually impaired people."}, "https://codexery.com/creators-of-writing-systems/e/creators-of-writing-systems/louis-braille/": {"t": "Louis Braille", "s": "French educator who invented the braille system for the blind."}, "https://codexery.com/computing-software/e/computing-and-software/graphical-user-interface/": {"t": "Graphical user interface", "s": "A visual interface for interacting with electronic devices."}, "https://codexery.com/corporations/e/corporations/philips/": {"t": "Philips", "s": "Dutch health technology firm, former electronics and lighting giant."}, "https://codexery.com/computing-digital/e/computing-and-digital/android-operating-system/": {"t": "Android (operating system)", "s": "The world's most widely used operating system, powering billions of devices."}, "https://codexery.com/specific-languages/e/specific-languages/dzongkha/": {"t": "Dzongkha", "s": "Official and national language of Bhutan, declared in 2008."}, "https://codexery.com/sacred-languages/e/sacred-languages/classical-tibetan/": {"t": "Classical Tibetan", "s": "Liturgical language of Tibetan Buddhism from the 9th century."}, "https://codexery.com/languages-and-scripts/e/languages-and-scripts/tibetan-script/": {"t": "Tibetan script", "s": "An abugida used for Tibetic languages and some neighboring languages, with a history dating to the 7th century."}, "/e/computer-keyboards/colemak/": {"t": "Colemak", "s": "A QWERTY-derived layout optimizing English typing efficiency on the home row."}, "https://codexery.com/languages-and-dialects/e/languages-and-dialects/germanic-languages/": {"t": "Germanic languages", "s": "Branch of Indo-European including English, German, Dutch, and Scandinavian languages."}, "https://codexery.com/windows-mobile/e/windows-mobile/windows-mobile/": {"t": "Windows Mobile", "s": "Discontinued Microsoft mobile OS for smartphones and PDAs, originally released as Pocket PC 2000."}, "https://codexery.com/languages-and-dialects/e/languages-and-dialects/hebrew-language/": {"t": "Hebrew language", "s": "A revived Canaanite language, once extinct, now spoken by millions."}, "https://codexery.com/windows-administration/e/windows-administration/context-menu/": {"t": "Context menu", "s": "A menu that appears on user interaction, offering context-specific choices."}, "/e/computer-keyboards/alt-code/": {"t": "Alt code", "s": "A legacy method for entering characters via numeric keypad."}, "https://codexery.com/governments-and-political-systems/e/governments-and-political-systems/government-of-india/": {"t": "Government of India", "s": "National authority of the Republic of India, established by the Constitution.", "i": "https://codexery.com/governments-and-political-systems/img/governments-and-political-systems/government-of-india.webp", "c": "Trikkiboy · Public domain"}, "https://codexery.com/writing-systems/e/writing-systems/brahmic-scripts/": {"t": "Brahmic scripts", "s": "Family of abugida scripts descended from ancient Brahmi."}, "https://codexery.com/writing-systems/e/writing-systems/devanagari/": {"t": "Devanagari", "s": "Devanagari is a left-to-right abugida used for over 120 languages.", "i": "https://codexery.com/writing-systems/img/writing-systems/devanagari.webp", "c": "Symphonicallyu · CC0"}, "/e/computer-keyboards/phonetic-keyboard-layout/": {"t": "Phonetic keyboard layout", "s": "Phonetic layouts map letters by sound across languages."}, "https://codexery.com/languages-and-writing-systems/e/languages-and-writing-systems/russian-language/": {"t": "Russian language", "s": "An East Slavic language of the Indo-European family, native to Russia and widely spoken across Eurasia."}, "https://codexery.com/languages/e/languages/kazakh-language/": {"t": "Kazakh language", "s": "Turkic language of Kazakhstan with vowel harmony and agglutinative structure."}, "https://codexery.com/languages-of-the-world/e/languages-of-the-world/ukrainian-language/": {"t": "Ukrainian language", "s": "East Slavic language of Ukraine, with deep historical roots."}, "https://codexery.com/languages-of-the-world/e/languages-of-the-world/uzbek-language/": {"t": "Uzbek language", "s": "The official language of Uzbekistan, a Karluk Turkic language with over 36 million native speakers."}, "https://codexery.com/languages-and-scripts/e/languages-and-scripts/yakut-language/": {"t": "Yakut language", "s": "A Siberian Turkic language with unique phonology and a rich case system."}, "https://codexery.com/languages/e/languages/khmer-language/": {"t": "Khmer language", "s": "Official language of Cambodia, spoken by millions across Southeast Asia."}, "https://codexery.com/eastern-and-islamic-philosophers/e/eastern-and-islamic-philosophers/keng-vannsak/": {"t": "Keng Vannsak", "s": "Cambodian scholar, philosopher, and Khmer linguist who invented the Khmer typewriter keyboard."}, "https://codexery.com/fifa-world-cup/e/honours/poland/": {"t": "Poland", "s": "A Central European nation with a rich history, from the Piast dynasty to the Solidarity movement."}, "/e/computer-keyboards/inscript-keyboard/": {"t": "InScript keyboard", "s": "Standard Indian keyboard layout for Brahmic and Ol Chiki scripts.", "i": "https://codexery.com/computer-keyboards/img/computer-keyboards/inscript-keyboard.webp", "c": "The Microsoft Corporation (MSFT). · Public domain"}, "https://codexery.com/languages-of-the-world/e/languages-of-the-world/tamil-language/": {"t": "Tamil language", "s": "Tamil (தமிழ், Tamiḻ) is a Dravidian language native to the Tamil people, primarily spoken in the Indian state of Tamil Nadu and the union territory of Puducherr"}, "https://codexery.com/indian-states/e/indian-states/tamil-nadu/": {"t": "Tamil Nadu", "s": "The land of Tamils, with a history spanning over 5,500 years."}, "https://codexery.com/languages/e/languages/japanese-language/": {"t": "Japanese language", "s": "The principal language of the Japonic family, spoken by over 123 million people, primarily in Japan."}, "https://codexery.com/languages-of-the-world/e/languages-of-the-world/turkish-language/": {"t": "Turkish language", "s": "Most widely spoken Turkic language, official in Turkey and Cyprus."}}