Common Infections And Diseases Codexery

Cold sore

A common viral infection causing recurrent lip blisters.

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The virus remains dormant in the trigeminal ganglion and can periodically reactivate.[1] The lip is the primary site affected when the herpes simplex virus, most often HSV-1, causes a herpes infection known as a cold sore.[1][2] Small blisters or sores, often preceded by a burning pain, are typical symptoms, and the rash generally resolves within a ten-day period.[1]

Key facts and history

The term "cold sore" and "fever blister" come from the fact that herpes labialis is often triggered by fever, such as during a cold.[3] After initial infection, the virus moves to the trigeminal ganglion and remains latent for life.[4][5] Contact between the herpes simplex virus and oral mucosal tissue or abraded skin of the mouth is the mechanism for herpes labialis infection.[6] Herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) is the typical cause, while type 2 (HSV-2) is a less frequent cause.[2]

Disease can be triggered when the virus reactivates in roughly one-third of individuals.[5] Various factors, including sunlight, fever, psychological stress, and menstruation, can provoke attacks.[2] Annually, outbreaks affect approximately 2.5 individuals per 1000 people.[7] The rate at which outbreaks occur tends to lessen as time passes.[7]

What the research sources say

A systematic review titled "Topical and Systemic Therapeutic Approaches in the Treatment of Oral Herpes Simplex Virus Infection" is described in the MSD Manual Profi-Ausgabe.[8] The same source indicates that transmission can happen when a person sucks their thumb or bites their nails during an oral herpes outbreak.[9]

References

  1. Wikipedia, "Cold sore" (CC BY-SA 4.0), which cites: "Treatment and prevention of herpes labialis", Canadian Family Physician, December 2008, p. 1683–7; "Treatment and prevention of herpes labialis", Canadian Family Physician, December 2008, p. 1683–7; "Treatment and prevention of herpes labialis", Canadian Family Physician, December 2008, p. 1683–7; "Oral mucosal diseases: evaluation and management", The Medical Clinics of North America, November 2014, p. 1323–52; "Treatment and prevention of herpes labialis", Canadian Family Physician, December 2008, p. 1683–7; "Treatment and prevention of he en.wikipedia.org
  2. Wikipedia, "Cold sore" (CC BY-SA 4.0), which cites: "Treatment and prevention of herpes labialis", Canadian Family Physician, December 2008, p. 1683–7; "STD Facts – Genital Herpes", www.cdc.gov; "Treatment and prevention of herpes labialis", Canadian Family Physician, December 2008, p. 1683–7; "Oral mucosal diseases: evaluation and management", The Medical Clinics of North America, November 2014, p. 1323–52; "Treatment and prevention of herpes labialis", Canadian Family Physician, December 2008, p. 1683–7; "Treatment and prevention of herpes labialis", Canadian Family Physician, December 2008, en.wikipedia.org
  3. Wikipedia, "Cold sore" (CC BY-SA 4.0), which cites: "Oral and maxillofacial medicine : the basis of diagnosis and treatment", Churchill Livingstone, 2013, p. 277–281; "stoma Origin and meaning of stoma by Online Etymology Dictionary", www.etymonline.com (we also read that source) en.wikipedia.org
  4. Wikipedia, "Cold sore" (CC BY-SA 4.0), which cites: "Treatment and prevention of herpes labialis", Canadian Family Physician, December 2008, p. 1683–7 (original not read by us) en.wikipedia.org
  5. Wikipedia, "Cold sore" (CC BY-SA 4.0), which cites: "Herpes Simplex Virus Type 1 infection: overview on relevant clinico-pathological features", Journal of Oral Pathology & Medicine, February 2008, p. 107–21 (original not read by us) en.wikipedia.org
  6. Wikipedia, "Cold sore" (CC BY-SA 4.0), which cites: "Herpes-simplex-Virusinfektionen (HSV) - Infektionskrankheiten", MSD Manual Profi-Ausgabe; "Oral manifestations of sexually transmitted diseases", Clinics in Dermatology, 2004, p. 520–7 (we also read that source) en.wikipedia.org
  7. Wikipedia, "Cold sore" (CC BY-SA 4.0), which cites: "Treatment and prevention of herpes labialis", Canadian Family Physician, December 2008, p. 1683–7; "Treatment and prevention of herpes labialis", Canadian Family Physician, December 2008, p. 1683–7; "Treatment and prevention of herpes labialis", Canadian Family Physician, December 2008, p. 1683–7; "VisualDx: Essential Adult Dermatology", Lippincott Williams & Wilkins, 2011, p. 349; "Treatment and prevention of herpes labialis", Canadian Family Physician, December 2008, p. 1683–7 (original not read by us) en.wikipedia.org
  8. "Herpes-simplex-Virusinfektionen (HSV) - Infektionskrankheiten", MSD Manual Profi-Ausgabe. facts only, no text reused. msdmanuals.com
  9. "Herpetic whitlow: Symptoms, causes, and treatment", www.medicalnewstoday.com, 2020-08-07. facts only, no text reused. medicalnewstoday.com

Each numbered sentence above was checked against the source it cites before publication. Sentences citing Wikipedia adapt text from the English Wikipedia article Cold sore (contributors), used under CC BY-SA 4.0; this entry is available under the same licence. Other sources were used for facts only; no text or images are copied from them.

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Sources

Compiled from Wikipedia and the sources listed below. Text from Wikipedia is available under CC BY-SA 4.0; this entry is adapted from it.

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