{"https://codexery.com/islands-and-archipelagos/e/islands-and-archipelagos/hispaniola/": {"t": "Hispaniola", "s": "Caribbean island divided between Haiti and the Dominican Republic."}, "https://codexery.com/colonialism-and-exploration/e/colonialism-and-exploration/encomienda/": {"t": "Encomienda", "s": "A Spanish labor system that entrusts conquered peoples to conquerors."}, "https://codexery.com/south-american-cities/e/south-american-cities/santiago-de-los-caballeros/": {"t": "Santiago de los Caballeros", "s": "La Ciudad Corazón"}, "https://codexery.com/explorers-of-the-americas-and-pacific/e/explorers-of-the-americas-and-pacific/diego-columbus/": {"t": "Diego Columbus", "s": "Son of Christopher Columbus, he governed the Indies and fought for his father's titles."}, "https://codexery.com/historical-figures/e/leaders/hern-n-cort-s/": {"t": "Hernán Cortés", "s": "Spanish conquistador who led the fall of the Aztec Empire", "i": "https://codexery.com/historical-figures/img/leaders/hern-n-cort-s.webp", "c": "Unknown artistUnknown artist · via Wikipedia: Hernán Cortés · Public domain"}, "https://codexery.com/historical-figures/e/leaders/pedro-de-alvarado/": {"t": "Pedro de Alvarado", "s": "Spanish conquistador of Central America, known for his military skill and cruelty.", "i": "https://codexery.com/historical-figures/img/leaders/pedro-de-alvarado.webp", "c": "Tomás Povedano · via Wikipedia: Pedro de Alvarado · Public domain"}, "https://codexery.com/historical-figures/e/leaders/hatuey/": {"t": "Hatuey", "s": "Taíno chief who became Cuba's first national hero by resisting Spanish conquest."}, "https://codexery.com/historical-figures/e/leaders/bartolom-de-las-casas/": {"t": "Bartolomé de las Casas", "s": "Spanish cleric and activist who fought colonial abuse of Indigenous peoples."}, "https://codexery.com/explorers-of-the-americas/e/explorers-of-the-americas/p-nfilo-de-narv-ez/": {"t": "Pánfilo de Narváez", "s": "Spanish conquistador who led two failed expeditions in the Americas."}, "https://codexery.com/forms-of-government/e/forms-of-government/local-government/": {"t": "Local government", "s": "Lowest tier of governance within a sovereign state."}, "https://codexery.com/peninsulas-and-cape-landforms/e/peninsulas-and-cape-landforms/yucat-n-peninsula/": {"t": "Yucatán Peninsula", "s": "Large peninsula in southeast Mexico; heart of the Maya lowlands."}, "https://codexery.com/indigenous-peoples-of-the-world/e/indigenous-peoples-of-the-world/maya-peoples/": {"t": "Maya peoples", "s": "Indigenous peoples of Mesoamerica, descendants of the ancient Maya civilization."}, "https://codexery.com/ethnic-groups/e/ethnic-groups/javanese-people/": {"t": "Javanese people", "s": "Largest ethnic group in Indonesia and Southeast Asia."}, "https://codexery.com/exploration-colonization/e/exploration-and-colonization/dutch-east-indies/": {"t": "Dutch East Indies", "s": "Dutch colony that became modern Indonesia after war and negotiation.", "i": "https://codexery.com/exploration-colonization/img/exploration-and-colonization/dutch-east-indies.webp", "c": "Roger Veringmeier · CC BY-SA 4.0"}, "https://codexery.com/cities-starting-with-m/e/cities-starting-with-m/makassar/": {"t": "Makassar", "s": "The largest city in Eastern Indonesia and a historic trading port."}, "https://codexery.com/islands-and-archipelagos/e/islands-and-archipelagos/java/": {"t": "Java", "s": "World's most populous island, center of Indonesian history and culture."}, "https://codexery.com/revolutions-and-conflicts/e/revolutions-and-conflicts/indonesian-national-revolution/": {"t": "Indonesian National Revolution", "s": "Armed and diplomatic struggle for Indonesian independence from Dutch rule.", "i": "https://codexery.com/revolutions-and-conflicts/img/revolutions-and-conflicts/indonesian-national-revolution.webp", "c": "Unknown author · CC0"}, "https://codexery.com/exploration-colonization/e/exploration-and-colonization/dutch-east-india-company/": {"t": "Dutch East India Company", "s": "Chartered trading company and pioneer of joint-stock finance.", "i": "https://codexery.com/exploration-colonization/img/exploration-and-colonization/dutch-east-india-company.webp", "c": "Wikimedia Commons · CC BY 4.0"}, "https://codexery.com/volcanic-mountains/e/volcanic-mountains/mount-merapi/": {"t": "Mount Merapi", "s": "Most active volcano in Indonesia, erupting regularly since 1548."}, "https://codexery.com/monarchs-and-rulers-of-asia/e/monarchs-and-rulers-of-asia/sultan-agung-of-mataram/": {"t": "Sultan Agung of Mataram", "s": "The Great Sultan of Mataram who expanded Java's empire and fought the Dutch.", "i": "https://codexery.com/monarchs-and-rulers-of-asia/img/monarchs-and-rulers-of-asia/sultan-agung-of-mataram.webp", "c": "Firzafp · CC BY-SA 4.0"}, "https://codexery.com/portraitists-and-storytellers/e/portraitists-and-storytellers/raden-saleh/": {"t": "Raden Saleh", "s": "Pioneering Romantic painter from the Dutch East Indies"}, "https://codexery.com/cities-starting-with-m/e/cities-starting-with-m/manado/": {"t": "Manado", "s": "Capital of North Sulawesi, a major tourism and Christian center."}, "https://codexery.com/islands/e/islands/sulawesi/": {"t": "Sulawesi", "s": "Sulawesi is a large Indonesian island with four peninsulas."}, "https://codexery.com/indonesian-provinces/e/indonesian-provinces/special-region-of-yogyakarta/": {"t": "Special Region of Yogyakarta", "s": "The only officially recognized diarchy in Indonesia, a cultural heartland on Java."}, "https://codexery.com/islamic-concepts-and-practices/e/islamic-concepts-and-practices/sunni-islam/": {"t": "Sunni Islam", "s": "Largest branch of Islam, following the sunnah of Muhammad."}, "https://codexery.com/pre-columbian-empires/e/pre-columbian-empires/qing-dynasty/": {"t": "Qing dynasty", "s": "The Qing dynasty, also called the Great Qing or Qing China, was a Manchu-led imperial dynasty that ruled from 1636 or 1644 until 1912."}, "https://codexery.com/chinese-history/e/chinese-history/imperial-examination/": {"t": "Imperial examination", "s": "The imperial examination was a civil service examination system in Imperial China, selecting bureaucrats by merit from the Sui dynasty until its abolition in 19", "i": "https://codexery.com/chinese-history/img/chinese-history/imperial-examination.webp", "c": "Francisco Anzola · CC BY 2.0"}, "https://codexery.com/indigenous-peoples-of-the-world/e/indigenous-peoples-of-the-world/manchu-people/": {"t": "Manchu people", "s": "Tungusic people who founded the Qing dynasty of China."}, "https://codexery.com/revolutions-and-conflicts/e/revolutions-and-conflicts/taiping-rebellion/": {"t": "Taiping Rebellion", "s": "A 14-year civil war that devastated Qing China."}, "https://codexery.com/religious-traditions/e/religious-traditions/presbyterianism/": {"t": "Presbyterianism", "s": "A Reformed Protestant tradition rooted in Scotland, emphasizing the sovereignty of God and governance by elders."}, "https://codexery.com/cities/e/capitals/lisbon/": {"t": "Lisbon", "s": "Capital of Portugal, second-oldest European capital, and a global city on the Tagus River."}, "https://codexery.com/u-s-states/e/u-s-states/indiana/": {"t": "Indiana", "s": "Midwestern state known as the Hoosier State, admitted in 1816.", "i": "https://codexery.com/u-s-states/img/u-s-states/indiana.webp", "c": "Riker, Dorothy Lois, 1904; Indiana. Governor · Public domain"}, "https://codexery.com/historical-figures/e/scientists/franz-boas/": {"t": "Franz Boas", "s": "Father of American Anthropology and pioneer of cultural relativism"}, "https://codexery.com/political-leaders-revolutionaries/e/political-leaders-and-revolutionaries/ant-nio-de-oliveira-salazar/": {"t": "António de Oliveira Salazar", "s": "Portuguese dictator who created the longest-lived authoritarian regime in modern Europe."}, "https://codexery.com/governments-and-political-systems/e/governments-and-political-systems/independence/": {"t": "Independence", "s": "Condition of self-government and sovereignty over a territory.", "i": "https://codexery.com/governments-and-political-systems/img/governments-and-political-systems/independence.webp", "c": "Ruger, A. · Public domain"}, "https://codexery.com/fifa-world-cup/e/honours/soviet-union/": {"t": "Soviet Union", "s": "The world's flagship communist state and a superpower spanning Eurasia."}, "https://codexery.com/political-systems-elections/e/political-systems-and-elections/coup-d-tat/": {"t": "Coup d'état", "s": "Illegal seizure of power by military or elites."}, "https://codexery.com/society-and-culture/e/society-and-culture/self-determination/": {"t": "Self-determination", "s": "A people's right to form its own political entity."}, "https://codexery.com/colonialism-and-exploration/e/colonialism-and-exploration/estado-novo-portugal/": {"t": "Estado Novo (Portugal)", "s": "Corporatist Portuguese state installed in 1933, ended by the Carnation Revolution."}, "https://codexery.com/cities-and-urban-areas/e/cities-and-urban-areas/maputo/": {"t": "Maputo", "s": "Capital and largest port city of Mozambique."}, "https://codexery.com/deserts-and-drylands/e/deserts-and-drylands/sahara-desert/": {"t": "Sahara Desert", "s": "Largest hot desert, spanning North Africa."}, "https://codexery.com/military-conflicts-and-wars/e/military-conflicts-and-wars/ifni-war/": {"t": "Ifni War", "s": "", "i": "https://codexery.com/military-conflicts-and-wars/img/military-conflicts-and-wars/ifni-war.webp", "c": "via Wikipedia: Ifni War · see source"}, "https://codexery.com/world-capital-cities/e/world-capital-cities/rabat/": {"t": "Rabat", "s": "Capital of Morocco, founded by Almohads in the 12th century."}, "https://codexery.com/government-and-law/e/government-and-law/political-science/": {"t": "Political science", "s": "Empirical study of politics, governance, and power."}, "https://codexery.com/constitutional-law/e/constitutional-law/constitutional-law/": {"t": "Constitutional law", "s": "Body of law defining government structure and citizen rights."}, "https://codexery.com/cities/e/coastal/amsterdam/": {"t": "Amsterdam", "s": "Venice of the North"}, "https://codexery.com/fifa-world-cup/e/honours/france/": {"t": "France", "s": "A global centre of art, science, cuisine and philosophy."}, "https://codexery.com/asian-middle-eastern-monarchs-strongmen/e/asian-and-middle-eastern-monarchs-and-strongmen/hassan-ii-of-morocco/": {"t": "Hassan II of Morocco", "s": "King of Morocco who centralized power and led the Green March."}, "https://codexery.com/countries-and-territories/e/countries-and-territories/western-sahara/": {"t": "Western Sahara", "s": "Africa's last colony, divided by conflict and stalled decolonization."}, "https://codexery.com/cities-and-urban-areas/e/cities-and-urban-areas/nouakchott/": {"t": "Nouakchott", "s": "Capital and largest city of Mauritania, a Saharan hub."}, "https://codexery.com/leaders-of-revolution-and-independence/e/leaders-of-revolution-and-independence/sim-n-bol-var/": {"t": "Simón Bolívar", "s": "Venezuelan military officer who liberated six nations from Spanish rule.", "i": "https://codexery.com/leaders-of-revolution-and-independence/img/leaders-of-revolution-and-independence/sim-n-bol-var.webp", "c": "via Wikipedia: Simón Bolívar · see source"}, "https://codexery.com/miscellaneous-philosophy-and-religion/e/miscellaneous-philosophy-and-religion/martyr/": {"t": "Martyr", "s": "A witness who suffers death for a religious or political cause."}, "https://codexery.com/latin-american-presidents/e/latin-american-presidents/joaqu-n-balaguer/": {"t": "Joaquín Balaguer", "s": "Dominican president who served three non-consecutive terms and was a key figure in the Trujillo era and its aftermath.", "i": "https://codexery.com/latin-american-presidents/img/latin-american-presidents/joaqu-n-balaguer.webp", "c": "Desconociso · Public domain"}, "https://codexery.com/revolutionaries-and-activists-of-the-ame/e/revolutionaries-and-activists-of-the-americas/francisco-caama-o/": {"t": "Francisco Caamaño", "s": "Dominican soldier and constitutional president during the 1965 civil war.", "i": "https://codexery.com/revolutionaries-and-activists-of-the-ame/img/revolutionaries-and-activists-of-the-americas/francisco-caama-o.webp", "c": "via Wikipedia: Francisco Caamaño · see source"}, "https://codexery.com/media-and-publishing/e/media-and-publishing/time-magazine/": {"t": "Time (magazine)", "s": "A weekly news magazine that pioneered telling news through people."}, "https://codexery.com/diseases-and-conditions/e/diseases-and-conditions/myocardial-infarction/": {"t": "Myocardial infarction", "s": "A heart attack occurs when blood flow to the heart is blocked.", "i": "https://codexery.com/diseases-and-conditions/img/diseases-and-conditions/myocardial-infarction.webp", "c": "Authors of the study: Stefan Gustafsson, Erik Lampa, Karin Jensevik Eriksson, Ad · CC BY 4.0"}, "https://codexery.com/revolutions-and-conflicts/e/revolutions-and-conflicts/spanish-civil-war/": {"t": "Spanish Civil War", "s": "The Spanish Civil War was a major conflict fought in Spain between 1936 and 1939, pitting the Republican faction against the Nationalist rebels."}, "https://codexery.com/historical-figures/e/notable/francisco-franco/": {"t": "Francisco Franco", "s": "Spanish military general and dictator who ruled Spain from 1939 to 1975."}, "https://codexery.com/cities/e/landmark-cities/madrid/": {"t": "Madrid", "s": "Capital of Spain, political, economic and cultural centre, and home to the Royal Palace and the Golden Triangle of Art."}, "https://codexery.com/cities/e/cultural/barcelona/": {"t": "Barcelona", "s": "Capital of Catalonia, Mediterranean metropolis, and global cultural hub."}, "https://codexery.com/social-identity-prejudice/e/social-identity-and-prejudice/antisemitism/": {"t": "Antisemitism", "s": "Hostility or prejudice against Jews."}, "https://codexery.com/wars-conflicts/e/wars-and-conflicts/spanish-american-war/": {"t": "Spanish–American War", "s": "Conflict that ended Spanish empire and launched U.S. overseas power.", "i": "https://codexery.com/wars-conflicts/img/wars-and-conflicts/spanish-american-war.webp", "c": "Barbudo Barbudo and TEP · via Wikipedia: Spanish–American War · CC BY-SA 4.0"}, "https://codexery.com/philosophy-theory/e/philosophy-and-theory/the-protocols-of-the-elders-of-zion/": {"t": "The Protocols of the Elders of Zion", "s": "Antisemitic forgery purporting a Jewish plot for world domination.", "i": "https://codexery.com/philosophy-theory/img/philosophy-and-theory/the-protocols-of-the-elders-of-zion.webp", "c": "Wikimedia Commons · Public domain"}, "https://codexery.com/world-heritage-sites-in-spain/e/world-heritage-sites-in-spain/burgos/": {"t": "Burgos", "s": "Historic city and former Francoist headquarters in northern Spain."}, "https://codexery.com/wars-conflicts/e/wars-and-conflicts/second-boer-war/": {"t": "Second Boer War", "s": "A colonial war over gold and British dominance in Southern Africa.", "i": "https://codexery.com/wars-conflicts/img/wars-and-conflicts/second-boer-war.webp", "c": "Unknown author · Public domain"}, "https://codexery.com/european-religious-and-political-conflic/e/european-religious-and-political-conflicts/huguenots/": {"t": "Huguenots", "s": "French Protestants of the Reformed tradition, persecuted and exiled under Louis XIV."}, "https://codexery.com/countries-and-regions/e/countries-and-regions/provence/": {"t": "Provence", "s": "A southeastern French region with Roman origins and lasting cultural identity.", "i": "https://codexery.com/countries-and-regions/img/countries-and-regions/provence.webp", "c": "Unknown author · Public domain"}, "https://codexery.com/languages-and-scripts/e/languages-and-scripts/tswana-language/": {"t": "Tswana language", "s": "A Bantu language official in Zimbabwe and South Africa.", "i": "https://codexery.com/languages-and-scripts/img/languages-and-scripts/tswana-language.webp", "c": "Algovia · via Wikipedia: Tswana language · CC BY-SA 3.0"}, "https://codexery.com/revolutions-and-conflicts/e/revolutions-and-conflicts/world-war-i/": {"t": "World War I", "s": "The First World War, a global conflict from 1914 to 1918, was fought between the Allied and Central Powers."}, "https://codexery.com/feathers/e/feathers/tarring-and-feathering/": {"t": "Tarring and feathering", "s": "A historical form of public torture and vigilante punishment involving tar and feathers."}, "https://codexery.com/royalty-and-heads-of-state/e/royalty-and-heads-of-state/nelson-mandela/": {"t": "Nelson Mandela", "s": "South African anti-apartheid revolutionary and first black president."}, "https://codexery.com/cities-and-urban-areas/e/cities-and-urban-areas/pretoria/": {"t": "Pretoria", "s": "Executive capital of South Africa and major diplomatic hub."}, "https://codexery.com/journalists-broadcasters/e/journalists-and-broadcasters/louis-theroux/": {"t": "Louis Theroux", "s": "Documentarian known for exploring unusual subcultures and taboo subjects."}, "https://codexery.com/international-organizations-and-agreemen/e/international-organizations-and-agreements/international-court-of-justice/": {"t": "International Court of Justice", "s": "Principal judicial organ of the United Nations."}, "https://codexery.com/transportation/e/transportation/filling-station/": {"t": "Filling station", "s": "Facility selling fuel and lubricants for motor vehicles."}, "https://codexery.com/african-independence-leaders-post-coloni/e/african-independence-leaders-and-post-colonial-figures/jacob-zuma/": {"t": "Jacob Zuma", "s": "Former Robben Island prisoner who became South Africa's fourth president, and whose rule ended in scandal.", "i": "https://codexery.com/african-independence-leaders-post-coloni/img/african-independence-leaders-and-post-colonial-figures/jacob-zuma.webp", "c": "via Wikipedia: Jacob Zuma · see source"}, "https://codexery.com/countries-and-territories/e/countries-and-territories/kosovo/": {"t": "Kosovo", "s": "Landlocked Southeast European country with partial diplomatic recognition."}, "https://codexery.com/historical-figures/e/notable/josip-broz-tito/": {"t": "Josip Broz Tito", "s": "Yugoslav revolutionary and statesman, leader of the Partisans and longtime president."}, "https://codexery.com/forms-of-government/e/forms-of-government/president-government-title/": {"t": "President (government title)", "s": "Title for head of state in most republics."}, "https://codexery.com/african-conflicts-and-colonialism/e/african-conflicts-and-colonialism/sierra-leone-civil-war/": {"t": "Sierra Leone Civil War", "s": "Civil war fueled by diamonds, corruption, and foreign intervention.", "i": "https://codexery.com/african-conflicts-and-colonialism/img/african-conflicts-and-colonialism/sierra-leone-civil-war.webp", "c": "Andbrew.downes · CC BY-SA 3.0"}, "https://codexery.com/leaders-and-monarchs/e/leaders-and-monarchs/muammar-gaddafi/": {"t": "Muammar Gaddafi", "s": "Libyan revolutionary who ruled for 42 years until civil war."}, "https://codexery.com/cities-and-settlements/e/cities-and-settlements/freetown/": {"t": "Freetown", "s": "Capital and largest city of Sierra Leone, founded by Black Nova Scotians."}, "https://codexery.com/explorers-conquistadors/e/explorers-and-conquistadors/trist-o-da-cunha/": {"t": "Tristão da Cunha", "s": "Portuguese explorer who discovered the Tristan da Cunha islands and participated in the capture of Socotra."}, "https://codexery.com/historical-figures/e/notable/afonso-de-albuquerque/": {"t": "Afonso de Albuquerque", "s": "Portuguese general, admiral, statesman, and conquistador; viceroy of Portuguese India from 1509 to 1515."}, "https://codexery.com/international-relations-and-concepts/e/international-relations-and-concepts/hegemony/": {"t": "Hegemony", "s": "Predominance of one state over others, regionally or globally."}, "https://codexery.com/peninsulas-and-cape-landforms/e/peninsulas-and-cape-landforms/cape-of-good-hope/": {"t": "Cape of Good Hope", "s": "Rocky headland on the Cape Peninsula, key to the Cape Route.", "i": "https://codexery.com/peninsulas-and-cape-landforms/img/peninsulas-and-cape-landforms/cape-of-good-hope.webp", "c": "Dietmar Rabich · CC BY-SA 4.0"}, "https://codexery.com/cities-and-urban-areas/e/cities-and-urban-areas/mombasa/": {"t": "Mombasa", "s": "Oldest city in Kenya, historic Indian Ocean trading hub."}, "https://codexery.com/miscellaneous-cities/e/miscellaneous-cities/colombo/": {"t": "Colombo", "s": "Colombo is Sri Lanka's executive, judicial, and commercial capital."}, "https://codexery.com/former-empires/e/former-empires/mamluk-sultanate/": {"t": "Mamluk Sultanate", "s": "A slave-soldier dynasty that ruled Egypt, the Levant, and Hejaz."}, "https://codexery.com/cities/e/cultural/mumbai/": {"t": "Mumbai", "s": "Financial and entertainment capital of India, built on seven islands."}, "https://codexery.com/medieval-europe/e/medieval-europe/republic-of-venice/": {"t": "Republic of Venice", "s": "A maritime republic that dominated Mediterranean trade for over a millennium."}, "https://codexery.com/medieval-europe/e/medieval-europe/republic-of-ragusa/": {"t": "Republic of Ragusa", "s": "Aristocratic maritime republic centered on Dubrovnik, peaked in 15th–16th centuries."}, "https://codexery.com/cities/e/coastal/cape-town/": {"t": "Cape Town", "s": "Legislative capital of South Africa, oldest city, and gateway to the Cape Floristic Region."}, "https://codexery.com/explorers/e/great-explorers/ferdinand-magellan/": {"t": "Ferdinand Magellan", "s": "Portuguese explorer who planned and led the first circumnavigation of Earth.", "i": "https://codexery.com/explorers/img/great-explorers/ferdinand-magellan.webp", "c": "via Wikipedia: Ferdinand Magellan · see source"}, "https://codexery.com/nigerian-states/e/nigerian-states/ogun-state/": {"t": "Ogun State", "s": "Southwestern Nigerian state, industrial hub, and cultural heartland.", "i": "https://codexery.com/nigerian-states/img/nigerian-states/ogun-state.webp", "c": "via Wikipedia: Ogun State · see source"}, "https://codexery.com/british-empire/e/british-empire/british-empire/": {"t": "British Empire", "s": "The largest empire in history, spanning a quarter of Earth's land."}, "https://codexery.com/historical-cultural-concepts/e/historical-and-cultural-concepts/aristocracy/": {"t": "Aristocracy", "s": "Rule by a small, privileged class of aristocrats.", "i": "https://codexery.com/historical-cultural-concepts/img/historical-and-cultural-concepts/aristocracy.webp", "c": "DzHaruna · CC BY-SA 4.0"}, "https://codexery.com/ethnic-indigenous-groups/e/ethnic-and-indigenous-groups/yoruba-people/": {"t": "Yoruba people", "s": "West African ethnic group native to Nigeria, Benin, and Togo"}, "https://codexery.com/fifa-world-cup/e/honours/england/": {"t": "England", "s": "Land of the Angles, birthplace of football and the Industrial Revolution."}, "https://codexery.com/government-and-law/e/government-and-law/political-campaign/": {"t": "Political campaign", "s": "Organized effort to influence group decision-making, often in elections."}, "https://codexery.com/social-issues/e/social-issues/nobel-prize/": {"t": "Nobel Prize", "s": "Prestigious awards for the greatest benefit to humankind."}, "https://codexery.com/nobel-and-booker-prize-laureates/e/nobel-and-booker-prize-laureates/wole-soyinka/": {"t": "Wole Soyinka", "s": "Nigerian Nobel laureate whose works explore culture and politics."}, "https://codexery.com/diseases-and-conditions/e/diseases-and-conditions/prostate-cancer/": {"t": "Prostate cancer", "s": "Prostate cancer: uncontrolled growth of prostate cells, often detected by PSA screening.", "i": "https://codexery.com/diseases-and-conditions/img/diseases-and-conditions/prostate-cancer.webp", "c": "Cancer Research UK · CC BY-SA 4.0"}, "https://codexery.com/fifa-world-cup/e/honours/czechoslovakia/": {"t": "Czechoslovakia", "s": "A Central European nation that existed from 1918 to 1992, known for its democratic origins and peaceful dissolution."}, "https://codexery.com/leaders-and-monarchs/e/leaders-and-monarchs/mao-zedong/": {"t": "Mao Zedong", "s": "Founder of the People's Republic of China and CCP leader."}, "https://codexery.com/african-independence-leaders-post-coloni/e/african-independence-leaders-and-post-colonial-figures/kwame-nkrumah/": {"t": "Kwame Nkrumah", "s": "First prime minister and president of independent Ghana.", "i": "https://codexery.com/african-independence-leaders-post-coloni/img/african-independence-leaders-and-post-colonial-figures/kwame-nkrumah.webp", "c": "via Wikipedia: Decolonisation of Africa · see source"}, "https://codexery.com/injuries/e/injuries/gunshot-wound/": {"t": "Gunshot wound", "s": "A penetrating injury from a firearm projectile with variable severity."}, "https://codexery.com/labor-employment/e/labor-and-employment/teacher/": {"t": "Teacher", "s": "A person who helps students acquire knowledge, competence, or virtue."}, "https://codexery.com/fifa-world-cup/e/honours/romania/": {"t": "Romania", "s": "A country at the crossroads of Central and Southeastern Europe, rich in history and natural beauty."}, "https://codexery.com/crime-justice/e/crime-and-justice/terrorism/": {"t": "Terrorism", "s": "Violence against non-combatants to achieve political or ideological aims."}, "https://codexery.com/cities/e/ancient-cities/istanbul/": {"t": "Istanbul", "s": "A city on two continents, bridging Europe and Asia."}, "https://codexery.com/major-wars/e/major-wars/second-world-war/": {"t": "Second World War", "s": "Global conflict between Allies and Axis, deadliest in history."}, "https://codexery.com/historical-figures-leaders/e/historical-figures-and-leaders/mikhail-bakunin/": {"t": "Mikhail Bakunin", "s": "Russian revolutionary anarchist and political philosopher", "i": "https://codexery.com/historical-figures-leaders/img/historical-figures-and-leaders/mikhail-bakunin.webp", "c": "chrisaliv · CC BY-SA 4.0"}, "https://codexery.com/regions-cultural-spheres/e/regions-and-cultural-spheres/antarctica/": {"t": "Antarctica", "s": "Earth's southernmost, coldest, and least-populated continent."}, "https://codexery.com/african-wars-of-independence/e/african-wars-of-independence/herero-uprising/": {"t": "Herero uprising", "s": "Anti-colonial uprising by the Herero in German South West Africa."}, "https://codexery.com/african-wars-of-independence/e/african-wars-of-independence/herero-and-nama-genocide/": {"t": "Herero and Nama genocide", "s": "The Herero, a Bantu-speaking pastoralist people whose name means 'possessor of cattle,' had migrated to the region as early as the twelfth century."}, "https://codexery.com/specific-languages/e/specific-languages/herero-language/": {"t": "Herero language", "s": "A Bantu language spoken in Namibia, Botswana, and southwestern Angola."}, "https://codexery.com/linguistic-concepts-and-phenomena/e/linguistic-concepts-and-phenomena/pejorative/": {"t": "Pejorative", "s": "A term expressing negative or disrespectful connotation."}, "https://codexery.com/rivers-of-the-world/e/rivers-of-the-world/orange-river/": {"t": "Orange River", "s": "Longest 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"https://codexery.com/rivers-of-the-world/e/rivers-of-the-world/niger-river/": {"t": "Niger River", "s": "Main river of West Africa, third-longest in Africa.", "i": "https://codexery.com/rivers-of-the-world/img/rivers-of-the-world/niger-river.webp", "c": "via Wikipedia: Niger River · see source"}, "https://codexery.com/engineering-disciplines/e/engineering-disciplines/civil-engineering/": {"t": "Civil engineering", "s": "Professional discipline designing and maintaining the built environment."}, "https://codexery.com/fifa-world-cup/e/culture/london/": {"t": "London", "s": "A global city on the Thames, London blends nearly 2,000 years of history with a vibrant, multicultural present."}, "https://codexery.com/religious-traditions/e/religious-traditions/african-traditional-religions/": {"t": "African traditional religions", "s": "Oral, animistic traditions centered on ancestors and spirits.", "i": 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"https://codexery.com/violence-conflict/img/violence-and-conflict/military.webp", "c": "Solomon203 · CC BY-SA 3.0"}, "https://codexery.com/airliners/e/airliners/douglas-dc-3/": {"t": "Douglas DC-3", "s": "The airliner that revolutionized travel from the 1930s through World War II.", "i": "https://codexery.com/airliners/img/airliners/douglas-dc-3.webp", "c": "Maksym Kozlenko · CC BY-SA 4.0"}, "https://codexery.com/cities-and-urban-areas/e/cities-and-urban-areas/luanda/": {"t": "Luanda", "s": "Angola's capital and largest city, a historic port and economic hub."}, "https://codexery.com/international-organizations-and-agreemen/e/international-organizations-and-agreements/international-air-transport-association/": {"t": "International Air Transport Association", "s": "The global trade association for airlines, setting standards and coordinating fares since 1945."}, "https://codexery.com/historical-figures/e/notable/francis-of-assisi/": {"t": "Francis of Assisi", "s": "Italian mystic, poet, 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"/e/colonial-and-post-colonial-leaders/eduardo-mondlane/": {"t": "Eduardo Mondlane", "s": "Founder and first leader of FRELIMO, anthropologist, and independence activist."}, "https://codexery.com/political-leaders-revolutionaries/e/political-leaders-and-revolutionaries/benito-ju-rez/": {"t": "Benito Juárez", "s": "Zapotec president who led Mexico through civil war and foreign invasion."}, "https://codexery.com/cities-and-urban-areas/e/cities-and-urban-areas/monterrey/": {"t": "Monterrey", "s": "Capital of Nuevo León, major industrial and business center."}, "https://codexery.com/major-wars/e/major-wars/mexican-american-war/": {"t": "Mexican–American War", "s": "The Mexican–American War, known in the United States as the Mexican War and in Mexico as the United States intervention in Mexico, was an invasion of Mexico by "}, "https://codexery.com/political-leaders-revolutionaries/e/political-leaders-and-revolutionaries/antonio-l-pez-de-santa-anna/": {"t": "Antonio López de Santa Anna", "s": "The 'uncrowned monarch' of Mexico's turbulent 19th century."}, "https://codexery.com/leaders-and-monarchs/e/leaders-and-monarchs/napoleon-iii/": {"t": "Napoleon III", "s": "First elected president and last monarch of France."}, "https://codexery.com/infectious-diseases/e/infectious-diseases/typhoid/": {"t": "Typhoid", "s": "A bacterial disease spread through contaminated food or water."}, "https://codexery.com/cities/e/capitals/mexico-city/": {"t": "Mexico City", "s": "La Ciudad de los Palacios"}, "https://codexery.com/mexican-states/e/mexican-states/coahuila/": {"t": "Coahuila", "s": "A northern Mexican state with rich history and industry."}, "https://codexery.com/mexican-states/e/mexican-states/chihuahua-state/": {"t": "Chihuahua (state)", "s": "Largest Mexican state, known for Copper Canyon and Paquimé."}, "https://codexery.com/mexican-states/e/mexican-states/chiapas/": {"t": "Chiapas", "s": "Southernmost Mexican state with Mayan ruins and high indigenous population."}, "https://codexery.com/latin-american-states-provinces/e/latin-american-states-provinces/puebla/": {"t": "Puebla", "s": "State in east-central Mexico, home to Puebla City and the Battle of Puebla.", "i": "https://codexery.com/latin-american-states-provinces/img/latin-american-states-provinces/puebla.webp", "c": "Diego Delso · CC BY-SA 3.0"}, "https://codexery.com/latin-american-states-provinces/e/latin-american-states-provinces/tlaxcala/": {"t": "Tlaxcala", "s": "The smallest state of Mexico, rich in pre-Hispanic and colonial heritage."}, "https://codexery.com/modern-conflicts/e/modern-conflicts/bangladesh-liberation-war/": {"t": "Bangladesh Liberation War", "s": "The armed conflict that led to the independence of Bangladesh."}, "https://codexery.com/historical-events-places/e/historical-events-and-places/partition-of-india/": {"t": "Partition of India", "s": "The partition of India in 1947 divided British India into two independent dominions: the Union of India (today the Republic of 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"https://codexery.com/governments-and-political-systems/e/governments-and-political-systems/indian-national-congress/": {"t": "Indian National Congress", "s": "India's oldest political party, a big tent centrist force.", "i": "https://codexery.com/governments-and-political-systems/img/governments-and-political-systems/indian-national-congress.webp", "c": "Trouscht · Public domain"}, "https://codexery.com/cities-of-the-world/e/cities-of-the-world/amritsar/": {"t": "Amritsar", "s": "Second-largest city in Punjab, holy site of Sikhism."}, "https://codexery.com/cities-of-the-world/e/cities-of-the-world/chandigarh/": {"t": "Chandigarh", "s": "Planned city and shared capital of Punjab and Haryana."}, "https://codexery.com/notable-buildings-and-monuments/e/notable-buildings-and-monuments/golden-temple/": {"t": "Golden Temple", "s": "Holiest shrine of Sikhism, symbolizing equality and open worship.", "i": "https://codexery.com/notable-buildings-and-monuments/img/notable-buildings-and-monuments/golden-temple.webp", "c": "via Wikipedia: Sikh architecture · see source"}, "https://codexery.com/languages-and-writing-systems/e/languages-and-writing-systems/punjabi-language/": {"t": "Punjabi language", "s": "Punjabi, also spelled Panjabi, belongs to the Indo-Aryan language family and originates in the Punjab region, which spans parts of Pakistan and India."}, "https://codexery.com/indian-states/e/indian-states/haryana/": {"t": "Haryana", "s": "State in northwestern India, formed in 1966.", "i": "https://codexery.com/indian-states/img/indian-states/haryana.webp", "c": "SpeakingArch · CC BY-SA 4.0"}, "https://codexery.com/indian-states/e/indian-states/kerala/": {"t": "Kerala", "s": "God's Own Country", "i": "https://codexery.com/indian-states/img/indian-states/kerala.webp", "c": "rajaraman sundaram · CC BY 3.0"}, "https://codexery.com/cities/e/ancient-cities/varanasi/": {"t": "Varanasi", "s": "The luminous city on the Ganges, ancient seat of learning and liberation."}, "https://codexery.com/international-law-diplomacy/e/international-law-and-diplomacy/supreme-court-of-india/": {"t": "Supreme Court of India", "s": "Highest appellate court and constitutional guardian of India.", "i": "https://codexery.com/international-law-diplomacy/img/international-law-and-diplomacy/supreme-court-of-india.webp", "c": "MildGovernor · CC BY-SA 4.0"}, "https://codexery.com/indian-states/e/indian-states/west-bengal/": {"t": "West Bengal", "s": "A state of eastern India, rich in history, culture, and diversity."}, "https://codexery.com/rivers-and-seas-of-the-world/e/rivers-and-seas-of-the-world/caspian-sea/": {"t": "Caspian Sea", "s": "The world's largest inland body of water, a brackish sea between Europe and Asia.", "i": "https://codexery.com/rivers-and-seas-of-the-world/img/rivers-and-seas-of-the-world/caspian-sea.webp", "c": "NASA · Public domain"}, "https://codexery.com/former-empires/e/former-empires/mongol-empire/": {"t": "Mongol Empire", "s": "Largest contiguous land empire in history."}, "https://codexery.com/crusader-kings/e/lore/genghis-khan/": {"t": "Genghis Khan", "s": "Temüjin, the steppe chieftain's son who united the Mongols and founded their empire.", "i": "https://codexery.com/crusader-kings/img/lore/genghis-khan.webp", "c": "via Wikipedia: Genghis Khan · see source"}, "https://codexery.com/indian-states/e/indian-states/punjab/": {"t": "Punjab", "s": "Historical region of five rivers in South Asia."}, "https://codexery.com/countries-and-territories/e/countries-and-territories/georgia-country/": {"t": "Georgia (country)", "s": "A country at the crossroads of Europe and Asia, with ancient winemaking traditions and a pro-Western trajectory."}, "https://codexery.com/countries-and-regions/e/countries-and-regions/levant/": {"t": "Levant", "s": "A historical and cultural subregion of West Asia along the Eastern 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"https://codexery.com/deserts-and-drylands/e/deserts-and-drylands/karakum-desert/": {"t": "Karakum Desert", "s": "Central Asian desert covering most of Turkmenistan.", "i": "https://codexery.com/deserts-and-drylands/img/deserts-and-drylands/karakum-desert.webp", "c": "via Wikipedia: Gobi Desert · see source"}, "https://codexery.com/asian-cities/e/asian-cities/bukhara/": {"t": "Bukhara", "s": "Ancient Silk Road city and center of Islamic scholarship.", "i": "https://codexery.com/asian-cities/img/asian-cities/bukhara.webp", "c": "Olim Guli · CC BY-SA 4.0"}, "https://codexery.com/former-empires/e/former-empires/qara-khitai/": {"t": "Qara Khitai", "s": "A Khitan-led Central Asian empire continuing the Liao legacy."}, "https://codexery.com/iranian-cities/e/iranian-cities/tabriz/": {"t": "Tabriz", "s": "Major economic and cultural hub in northwestern Iran."}, "https://codexery.com/former-empires/e/former-empires/kingdom-of-georgia/": {"t": "Kingdom of Georgia", "s": "Medieval Christian empire spanning the Caucasus and beyond."}, "https://codexery.com/dynasties-and-kingdoms/e/dynasties-and-kingdoms/sultanate-of-rum/": {"t": "Sultanate of Rum", "s": "Turco-Persian Sunni sultanate in Anatolia, founded after Manzikert.", "i": "https://codexery.com/dynasties-and-kingdoms/img/dynasties-and-kingdoms/sultanate-of-rum.webp", "c": "Swordrist · via Wikipedia: Sultanate of Rum · CC BY-SA 4.0"}, "https://codexery.com/lakes-of-the-world/e/lakes-of-the-world/lake-van/": {"t": "Lake Van", "s": "Turkey's largest lake, a saline endorheic body in the Armenian highlands."}, "https://codexery.com/provinces-of-iran/e/provinces-of-iran/fars-province/": {"t": "Fars province", "s": "Ancient Persian homeland, cradle of Achaemenid and Sasanian empires.", "i": "https://codexery.com/provinces-of-iran/img/provinces-of-iran/fars-province.webp", "c": "Bryn Pinzgauer · CC BY 2.0"}, "https://codexery.com/world-heritage-sites-in-turkey/e/world-heritage-sites-in-turkey/diyarbak-r/": {"t": "Diyarbakır", "s": "Ancient city on the Tigris, Kurdish cultural and political center."}, "https://codexery.com/ancient-mysteries/e/ancient-mysteries/the-order-of-assassins/": {"t": "The Order of Assassins", "s": "The Nizari Isma'ili order of assassins that terrorized the medieval Levant."}, "https://codexery.com/literary-novels-and-classics/e/literary-novels-and-classics/shahnameh/": {"t": "Shahnameh", "s": "National epic of Greater Iran by Ferdowsi."}, "https://codexery.com/literary-giants/e/literary-giants/victor-hugo/": {"t": "Victor Hugo", "s": "French Romantic author, poet, and human rights activist."}}