[{"n": "Friedrich Kalkbrenner", "u": "/e/classical-composers-and-instrumentalists/friedrich-kalkbrenner/", "s": "Pianist, composer, teacher, and piano manufacturer who dominated Parisian virtuosity before Chopin and Liszt."}, {"n": "George Antheil", "u": "/e/classical-composers-and-instrumentalists/george-antheil/", "s": "Avant-garde composer, pianist, and inventor of frequency-hopping technology."}, {"n": "Gian Carlo Menotti", "u": "/e/classical-composers-and-instrumentalists/gian-carlo-menotti/", "s": "Italian-born composer of popular operas and festival founder."}, {"n": "Giuseppe Tartini", "u": "/e/classical-composers-and-instrumentalists/giuseppe-tartini/", "s": "Baroque composer and violinist known for the Devil's Trill Sonata."}, {"n": "Gregor Piatigorsky", "u": "/e/classical-composers-and-instrumentalists/gregor-piatigorsky/", "s": "Ukrainian-born Russian and American cellist, teacher, and composer."}, {"n": "Grigory Sokolov", "u": "/e/classical-composers-and-instrumentalists/grigory-sokolov/", "s": "Russian and Spanish pianist, esteemed for Baroque to modern repertoire."}, {"n": "György Cziffra", "u": "/e/classical-composers-and-instrumentalists/gy-rgy-cziffra/", "s": "Hungarian-French virtuoso pianist and composer, celebrated for his recordings of Liszt, Chopin, and Schumann, "}, {"n": "Harrison Birtwistle", "u": "/e/classical-composers-and-instrumentalists/harrison-birtwistle/", "s": "English composer of myth-based operas and theatrical works."}, {"n": "John Eliot Gardiner", "u": "/e/classical-composers-and-instrumentalists/john-eliot-gardiner/", "s": "English conductor known for period-instrument performances."}, {"n": "Krzysztof Penderecki", "u": "/e/classical-composers-and-instrumentalists/krzysztof-penderecki/", "s": "Polish composer and conductor known for avant-garde works and sacred choral music."}, {"n": "Fritz Kreisler", "u": "/e/classical-composers-and-instrumentalists/fritz-kreisler/", "s": "Austrian-American violinist and composer known for his sweet tone, expressive phrasing, and compositions like "}, {"n": "George Enescu", "u": "/e/classical-composers-and-instrumentalists/george-enescu/", "s": "Romanian composer, violinist, conductor and teacher, seen as his country's greatest musician."}, {"n": "George Szell", "u": "/e/classical-composers-and-instrumentalists/george-szell/", "s": "The architect of the Cleveland Orchestra's golden age"}, {"n": "Giacomo Meyerbeer", "u": "/e/classical-composers-and-instrumentalists/giacomo-meyerbeer/", "s": "German opera composer who linked Mozart and Wagner, defining grand opera with works like Robert le diable and "}, {"n": "Giovanni Bottesini", "u": "/e/classical-composers-and-instrumentalists/giovanni-bottesini/", "s": "Italian double bass virtuoso and composer of the Romantic era."}, {"n": "Hans von Bülow", "u": "/e/classical-composers-and-instrumentalists/hans-von-b-low/", "s": "German conductor and pianist who shaped 19th-century music."}, {"n": "Henryk Górecki", "u": "/e/classical-composers-and-instrumentalists/henryk-g-recki/", "s": "Polish composer of contemporary classical music."}, {"n": "Henryk Wieniawski", "u": "/e/classical-composers-and-instrumentalists/henryk-wieniawski/", "s": "Polish virtuoso violinist, composer, and pedagogue of lasting influence."}, {"n": "Hilary Hahn", "u": "/e/classical-composers-and-instrumentalists/hilary-hahn/", "s": "American violinist and three-time Grammy Award winner"}, {"n": "Isaac Albéniz", "u": "/e/classical-composers-and-instrumentalists/isaac-alb-niz/", "s": "Spanish virtuoso composer of piano works with folk idioms."}, {"n": "Isaac Stern", "u": "/e/classical-composers-and-instrumentalists/isaac-stern/", "s": "American violinist."}, {"n": "Johann Nepomuk Hummel", "u": "/e/classical-composers-and-instrumentalists/johann-nepomuk-hummel/", "s": "Austrian composer and pianist; a dominant transitional figure from the Classical era."}, {"n": "Karol Lipiński", "u": "/e/classical-composers-and-instrumentalists/karol-lipi-ski/", "s": "Polish composer and virtuoso violinist of the partition era."}, {"n": "Karol Szymanowski", "u": "/e/classical-composers-and-instrumentalists/karol-szymanowski/", "s": "Polish composer of modernist and folk-inspired works"}, {"n": "Krystian Zimerman", "u": "/e/classical-composers-and-instrumentalists/krystian-zimerman/", "s": "Polish concert pianist, conductor and pedagogue, winner of the 1975 International Chopin Piano Competition."}, {"n": "La Monte Young", "u": "/e/classical-composers-and-instrumentalists/la-monte-young/", "s": "American minimalist composer and pioneer of drone music."}, {"n": "Georges Delerue", "u": "/e/classical-composers-and-instrumentalists/georges-delerue/", "s": "French composer of over 350 film and television scores."}, {"n": "Isang Yun", "u": "/e/classical-composers-and-instrumentalists/isang-yun/", "s": "Korean-born composer who blended Eastern traditions with Western avant-garde."}, {"n": "Kaija Saariaho", "u": "/e/classical-composers-and-instrumentalists/kaija-saariaho/", "s": "Finnish composer known for spectralism and electronic integration."}]