{"https://codexery.com/ethnic-groups/e/ethnic-groups/overseas-chinese/": {"t": "Overseas Chinese", "s": "People of Chinese ancestry living and working outside Greater China."}, "https://codexery.com/seas-and-oceans/e/seas-and-oceans/south-china-sea/": {"t": "South China Sea", "s": "A marginal sea of the Western Pacific Ocean, vital to global trade and fishing."}, "https://codexery.com/economics-and-business/e/economics-and-business/renminbi/": {"t": "Renminbi", "s": "Official currency of the People's Republic of China.", "i": "https://codexery.com/economics-and-business/img/economics-and-business/renminbi.webp", "c": "White whirlwind · Public domain"}, "https://codexery.com/textile-production/e/textile-production/textile/": {"t": "Textile", "s": "Fibre-based materials from clothing to geotextiles."}, "https://codexery.com/manufacturing-and-materials/e/manufacturing-and-materials/paper/": {"t": "Paper", "s": "Thin sheet of matted cellulose fibers used for writing and packaging."}, "https://codexery.com/transportation/e/transportation/high-speed-rail/": {"t": "High-speed rail", "s": "Fastest ground-based commercial transport, with no single global definition."}, "https://codexery.com/space-program-of-japan/e/space-program-of-japan/mitsubishi-heavy-industries/": {"t": "Mitsubishi Heavy Industries", "s": "Japanese multinational engineering and defense corporation."}, "https://codexery.com/corporations/e/corporations/panasonic/": {"t": "Panasonic", "s": "A Japanese multinational electronics manufacturer with a global brand."}, "https://codexery.com/electric-motors/e/electric-motors/abb/": {"t": "ABB", "s": "Swedish-Swiss technology firm in electrification and automation."}, "https://codexery.com/energy-power/e/energy-and-power/petrochemical/": {"t": "Petrochemical", "s": "Chemical products derived from petroleum and other fossil fuels."}, "https://codexery.com/major-wars/e/major-wars/second-world-war/": {"t": "Second World War", "s": "Global conflict between Allies and Axis, deadliest in history."}, "https://codexery.com/world-heritage-sites-in-china/e/world-heritage-sites-in-china/diaolou/": {"t": "Diaolou", "s": "Fortified watchtowers fusing Chinese and Western styles in Kaiping."}, "https://codexery.com/cities/e/modern-metropolis/hong-kong/": {"t": "Hong Kong", "s": "Asia's world city, a global financial hub."}, "https://codexery.com/rivers-of-the-world/e/rivers-of-the-world/yellow-river/": {"t": "Yellow River", "s": "Cradle of Chinese civilization, source of devastating floods.", "i": "https://codexery.com/rivers-of-the-world/img/rivers-of-the-world/yellow-river.webp", "c": "via Wikipedia: Yellow River · see source"}, "https://codexery.com/cities-starting-with-l/e/cities-starting-with-l/luoyang/": {"t": "Luoyang", "s": "Ancient capital on the Luo River, cradle of Chinese civilization."}, "https://codexery.com/places-in-chinese-mythology/e/places-in-chinese-mythology/taihang-mountains/": {"t": "Taihang Mountains", "s": "A major Chinese mountain range on the Loess Plateau's eastern edge."}, "https://codexery.com/ornamental-garden-plants/e/ornamental-and-garden-plants/chrysanthemum/": {"t": "Chrysanthemum", "s": "A late-season flower symbolizing autumn, cultivated for centuries in East Asia."}, "https://codexery.com/canals-and-waterways/e/canals-and-waterways/grand-canal-china/": {"t": "Grand Canal (China)", "s": "The world's longest artificial waterway, linking north and south China for over two millennia."}, "https://codexery.com/cities/e/coastal/shanghai/": {"t": "Shanghai", "s": "China's most populous city and a global hub for finance and innovation."}, "https://codexery.com/languages-of-the-world/e/languages-of-the-world/wu-chinese/": {"t": "Wu Chinese", "s": "A major Chinese language group preserving medieval voiced initials."}, "https://codexery.com/branches-of-christianity/e/branches-of-christianity/protestantism/": {"t": "Protestantism", "s": "Christian movement originating in the 16th-century Protestant Reformation."}, "https://codexery.com/languages-of-the-world/e/languages-of-the-world/yue-chinese/": {"t": "Yue Chinese", "s": "A major Sinitic branch centered on Guangzhou and Hong Kong."}, "https://codexery.com/cities-of-china/e/cities-of-china/shantou/": {"t": "Shantou", "s": "Eastern Guangdong treaty port and special economic zone."}, "https://codexery.com/ancient-civilizations/e/ancient-civilizations/neolithic/": {"t": "Neolithic", "s": "The New Stone Age: dawn of farming and settlement.", "i": "https://codexery.com/ancient-civilizations/img/ancient-civilizations/neolithic.webp", "c": "Zde · CC BY-SA 4.0"}, "/e/cities-starting-with-j/johor-bahru/": {"t": "Johor Bahru", "s": "Capital of Johor at the tip of the Malay Peninsula, facing Singapore across the Causeway.", "i": "https://codexery.com/cities-starting-with-j/img/cities-starting-with-j/johor-bahru.webp", "c": "via Wikipedia: Johor Bahru · see source"}, "https://codexery.com/cities/e/coastal/singapore/": {"t": "Singapore", "s": "The Lion City, a global hub of trade and finance."}, "https://codexery.com/rivers/e/rivers/songhua-river/": {"t": "Songhua River", "s": "Longest tributary of the Amur River in northeastern China.", "i": "https://codexery.com/rivers/img/rivers/songhua-river.webp", "c": "via Wikipedia: Songhua River · see source"}, "https://codexery.com/historical-figures/e/notable/yongle-emperor/": {"t": "Yongle Emperor", "s": "Third emperor of the Ming dynasty, known for moving the capital to Beijing and sponsoring the Yongle Encyclopedia."}, "https://codexery.com/ancient-empires/e/ancient-empires/ming-dynasty/": {"t": "Ming dynasty", "s": "The last Han-led imperial dynasty of China."}, "https://codexery.com/countries-and-regions/e/countries-and-regions/manchuria/": {"t": "Manchuria", "s": "Historical region in Northeast Asia, homeland of the Manchus.", "i": "https://codexery.com/countries-and-regions/img/countries-and-regions/manchuria.webp", "c": "Wikimedia Commons · CC BY 4.0"}, "https://codexery.com/pre-columbian-empires/e/pre-columbian-empires/qing-dynasty/": {"t": "Qing dynasty", "s": "The Qing dynasty, also called the Great Qing or Qing China, was a Manchu-led imperial dynasty that ruled from 1636 or 1644 until 1912."}, "https://codexery.com/dynasties-and-kingdoms/e/dynasties-and-kingdoms/russian-empire/": {"t": "Russian Empire", "s": "Third-largest empire in history, spanning northern Eurasia."}, "https://codexery.com/cities-of-china/e/cities-of-china/qiqihar/": {"t": "Qiqihar", "s": "Second-largest city in Heilongjiang, China; industrial and historical center."}, "https://codexery.com/former-empires/e/former-empires/manchukuo/": {"t": "Manchukuo", "s": "Japanese puppet state in Manchuria, 1932–1945."}, "https://codexery.com/cities-of-the-world/e/cities-of-the-world/changchun/": {"t": "Changchun", "s": "Capital of Jilin, automotive hub, and former Manchukuo capital."}, "https://codexery.com/world-war-ii-topics/e/world-war-ii-topics/soviet-invasion-of-manchuria/": {"t": "Soviet invasion of Manchuria", "s": "Soviet offensive that helped end World War II in the Pacific.", "i": "https://codexery.com/world-war-ii-topics/img/world-war-ii-topics/soviet-invasion-of-manchuria.webp", "c": "Tazadeperla · CC BY-SA 3.0"}, "https://codexery.com/chemistry-fundamentals/e/chemistry-fundamentals/benzene/": {"t": "Benzene", "s": "A foundational aromatic hydrocarbon with industrial and health significance."}, "https://codexery.com/sports-and-athletics/e/sports-and-athletics/ice-skating/": {"t": "Ice skating", "s": "Gliding through history: the art and sport of ice skating."}, "https://codexery.com/sports-and-games/e/sports-and-games/snowboarding/": {"t": "Snowboarding", "s": "A winter sport descending snow on a board with bindings."}, "https://codexery.com/states-and-regions/e/states-and-regions/shandong/": {"t": "Shandong", "s": "Coastal province, cradle of Confucianism and Taoism."}, "https://codexery.com/chinese-emperors-and-leaders/e/chinese-emperors-and-leaders/di-xin/": {"t": "Di Xin", "s": "Last Shang king, known posthumously as a cautionary tyrant.", "i": "https://codexery.com/chinese-emperors-and-leaders/img/chinese-emperors-and-leaders/di-xin.webp", "c": "via Wikipedia: Di Xin · see source"}, "https://codexery.com/east-asian-history/e/east-asian-history/qi-state/": {"t": "Qi (state)", "s": "A major Zhou dynasty state in ancient China, known for its early hegemony and cultural influence."}, "https://codexery.com/explorers/e/great-explorers/marco-polo/": {"t": "Marco Polo", "s": "Venetian merchant whose travels opened the East to European understanding.", "i": "https://codexery.com/explorers/img/great-explorers/marco-polo.webp", "c": "Marco Polo · Public domain"}, "https://codexery.com/ancient-empires/e/ancient-empires/zhou-dynasty/": {"t": "Zhou dynasty", "s": "Longest-reigning Chinese dynasty, spanning nearly eight centuries."}, "https://codexery.com/ancient-empires/e/ancient-empires/han-dynasty/": {"t": "Han dynasty", "s": "The golden age that shaped Chinese identity."}, "https://codexery.com/founders-and-unifiers-of-asian-dynasties/e/founders-and-unifiers-of-asian-dynasties/cao-pi/": {"t": "Cao Pi", "s": "First emperor of Cao Wei who ended the Han dynasty."}, "https://codexery.com/pre-columbian-empires/e/pre-columbian-empires/song-dynasty/": {"t": "Song dynasty", "s": "Chinese dynasty that pioneered paper money and gunpowder weapons.", "i": "https://codexery.com/pre-columbian-empires/img/pre-columbian-empires/song-dynasty.webp", "c": "via Wikipedia: Song dynasty · see source"}, "https://codexery.com/classical-medieval-poets/e/classical-and-medieval-poets/li-qingzhao/": {"t": "Li Qingzhao", "s": "Song dynasty poet and essayist, master of ci poetry."}, "https://codexery.com/dynasties-and-kingdoms/e/dynasties-and-kingdoms/jin-dynasty-1115-1234/": {"t": "Jin dynasty (1115–1234)", "s": "The Jurchen-led Great Jin: gold, empire, and the first Chinese dynasty known in Europe."}, "https://codexery.com/dynasties-and-kingdoms/e/dynasties-and-kingdoms/yuan-dynasty/": {"t": "Yuan dynasty", "s": "Mongol-led dynasty that ruled all of China proper."}, "https://codexery.com/revolutions-uprisings/e/revolutions-and-uprisings/boxer-rebellion/": {"t": "Boxer Rebellion", "s": "An anti-foreign, anti-imperialist, and anti-Christian uprising in North China (1899–1901) by the Society of Righteous and Harmonious Fists, defeated by the Eigh", "i": "https://codexery.com/revolutions-uprisings/img/revolutions-and-uprisings/boxer-rebellion.webp", "c": "via Wikipedia: Boxer Rebellion · see source"}, "https://codexery.com/performance-voice/e/performance-and-voice/acting/": {"t": "Acting", "s": "Acting is the enactment of a story through character adoption."}, "https://codexery.com/chinese-inventions/e/chinese-inventions/porcelain/": {"t": "Porcelain", "s": "A high-fired ceramic prized for strength, whiteness, and translucence."}, "https://codexery.com/pre-columbian-empires/e/pre-columbian-empires/qin-dynasty/": {"t": "Qin dynasty", "s": "First imperial dynasty of China, unifying the Warring States."}, "https://codexery.com/dynasties-and-kingdoms/e/dynasties-and-kingdoms/jin-dynasty-266-420/": {"t": "Jin dynasty (266–420)", "s": "The Jin dynasty: a reunified China divided by civil war and barbarian invasions."}, "https://codexery.com/revolutions-and-conflicts/e/revolutions-and-conflicts/taiping-rebellion/": {"t": "Taiping Rebellion", "s": "A 14-year civil war that devastated Qing China."}, "https://codexery.com/lakes-of-the-world/e/lakes-of-the-world/poyang-lake/": {"t": "Poyang Lake", "s": "China's largest freshwater lake, a vital wetland for migratory birds and endangered species."}, "https://codexery.com/chemistry-materials/e/chemistry-and-materials/manganese/": {"t": "Manganese", "s": "Hard, brittle metal essential in alloys and human nutrition."}, "https://codexery.com/revolutions-uprisings/e/revolutions-and-uprisings/cultural-revolution/": {"t": "Cultural Revolution", "s": "A sociopolitical movement launched by Mao Zedong from 1966 to 1976.", "i": "https://codexery.com/revolutions-uprisings/img/revolutions-and-uprisings/cultural-revolution.webp", "c": "闫恩铭／Enming Yan · CC BY-SA 4.0"}, "https://codexery.com/leaders-and-monarchs/e/leaders-and-monarchs/mao-zedong/": {"t": "Mao Zedong", "s": "Founder of the People's Republic of China and CCP leader."}, "https://codexery.com/rivers-of-the-world/e/rivers-of-the-world/yangtze/": {"t": "Yangtze", "s": "Longest river in China, third-longest in the world."}, "https://codexery.com/caves-gorges/e/caves-and-gorges/three-gorges/": {"t": "Three Gorges", "s": "Three adjacent gorges along the Yangtze, famed for scenery and history."}, "https://codexery.com/units-measurement/e/units-and-measurement/metric-system/": {"t": "Metric system", "s": "A decimal-based system of measurement standardising base units and prefixes."}, "https://codexery.com/economic-concepts/e/economic-concepts/gross-domestic-product/": {"t": "Gross domestic product", "s": "Monetary measure of total market value of final goods and services."}, "https://codexery.com/food-cooking/e/food-and-cooking/vegetable-oil/": {"t": "Vegetable oil", "s": "Edible oils from plants used for millennia in food and industry."}, "https://codexery.com/agriculture-food/e/agriculture-and-food/cotton/": {"t": "Cotton", "s": "Natural fiber from Gossypium plants, widely used in textiles."}, "https://codexery.com/food/e/food/vegetable/": {"t": "Vegetable", "s": "Edible plant parts, cultivated since early agriculture."}, "https://codexery.com/dynasties-and-kingdoms/e/dynasties-and-kingdoms/three-kingdoms/": {"t": "Three Kingdoms", "s": "A partial revival of the old three kingdoms in early medieval Korea."}, "https://codexery.com/historical-figures/e/leaders/guan-yu/": {"t": "Guan Yu", "s": "A peerless-bearded general of the late Eastern Han, revered as a god of loyalty and martial courage.", "i": "https://codexery.com/historical-figures/img/leaders/guan-yu.webp", "c": "UnknownUnknown , uploaded by Tiangong83 on zh.wikipedia · via Wikipedia: Guan Yu · Public domain"}, "https://codexery.com/pre-columbian-empires/e/pre-columbian-empires/tang-dynasty/": {"t": "Tang dynasty", "s": "The Tang dynasty governed China from 618 to 907, with a break between 690 and 705.", "i": "https://codexery.com/pre-columbian-empires/img/pre-columbian-empires/tang-dynasty.webp", "c": "via Wikipedia: Tang dynasty · see source"}, "https://codexery.com/dynasties-and-kingdoms/e/dynasties-and-kingdoms/five-dynasties-and-ten-kingdoms-period/": {"t": "Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms period", "s": "An era of division and warfare in Imperial China."}, "https://codexery.com/revolutions-uprisings/e/revolutions-and-uprisings/1911-revolution/": {"t": "1911 Revolution", "s": "The uprising that ended millennia of imperial rule in China.", "i": "https://codexery.com/revolutions-uprisings/img/revolutions-and-uprisings/1911-revolution.webp", "c": "via Wikipedia: 1911 Revolution · see source"}, "https://codexery.com/cities-of-china/e/cities-of-china/shaoxing/": {"t": "Shaoxing", "s": "Historic city known for wine, opera, and comfortable living."}, "https://codexery.com/seas-and-oceans/e/seas-and-oceans/east-china-sea/": {"t": "East China Sea", "s": "A marginal sea of the Western Pacific, rich in history and natural resources."}, "https://codexery.com/pre-columbian-empires/e/pre-columbian-empires/sui-dynasty/": {"t": "Sui dynasty", "s": "Brief dynasty that reunified China and shaped the Tang golden age.", "i": "https://codexery.com/pre-columbian-empires/img/pre-columbian-empires/sui-dynasty.webp", "c": "via Wikipedia: Sui dynasty · see source"}, "https://codexery.com/musok-deities/e/musok-deities/xian-taoism/": {"t": "Xian (Taoism)", "s": "Immortal or transcendent being in Taoist and Chinese folklore."}, "https://codexery.com/religious-traditions/e/religious-traditions/confucianism/": {"t": "Confucianism", "s": "A system of thought emphasizing virtue, harmony, and familial responsibility."}, "https://codexery.com/engineering-disciplines/e/engineering-disciplines/software-engineering/": {"t": "Software engineering", "s": "Engineering discipline for designing and maintaining software systems."}, "https://codexery.com/transportation/e/transportation/rapid-transit/": {"t": "Rapid transit", "s": "High-capacity urban electric rail transit on exclusive rights-of-way."}, "https://codexery.com/historical-figures/e/notable/confucius/": {"t": "Confucius", "s": "The paragon of Chinese sages and founder of Confucianism."}, "https://codexery.com/eastern-and-islamic-philosophers/e/eastern-and-islamic-philosophers/mencius/": {"t": "Mencius", "s": "Chinese Confucian philosopher, the Second Sage, who taught innate human goodness."}, "https://codexery.com/east-asian-history/e/east-asian-history/northern-wei/": {"t": "Northern Wei", "s": "The Northern Wei: Unifier of Northern China and Catalyst of Sinicization"}, "https://codexery.com/dynasties-and-kingdoms/e/dynasties-and-kingdoms/liao-dynasty/": {"t": "Liao dynasty", "s": "A Khitan-led imperial dynasty that ruled from 916 to 1125, controlling Manchuria, Mongolia, and parts of Siberia and Korea.", "i": "https://codexery.com/dynasties-and-kingdoms/img/dynasties-and-kingdoms/liao-dynasty.webp", "c": "SY · via Wikipedia: Liao dynasty · CC BY-SA 4.0"}, "https://codexery.com/former-empires/e/former-empires/mongol-empire/": {"t": "Mongol Empire", "s": "Largest contiguous land empire in history."}, "https://codexery.com/chinese-history/e/chinese-history/republic-of-china-1912-1949/": {"t": "Republic of China (1912–1949)", "s": "First Chinese republic, ruled mainland until 1949."}, "https://codexery.com/modern-conflicts/e/modern-conflicts/chinese-civil-war/": {"t": "Chinese Civil War", "s": "Civil war between KMT and CCP, ending in Communist victory."}, "https://codexery.com/chinese-history/e/chinese-history/shanhai-pass/": {"t": "Shanhai Pass", "s": "Fortified gateway at the eastern end of the Great Wall, commanding the narrowest choke point of the Liaoxi Corridor.", "i": "https://codexery.com/chinese-history/img/chinese-history/shanhai-pass.webp", "c": "via Wikipedia: Shanhai Pass · see source"}, "https://codexery.com/historical-figures/e/notable/chiang-kai-shek/": {"t": "Chiang Kai-shek", "s": "Chinese military commander, revolutionary, and statesman; President of the Republic of China from 1948 to 1975."}, "https://codexery.com/historical-figures/e/leaders/lin-biao/": {"t": "Lin Biao", "s": "Chinese military commander and politician, never wounded in battle"}, "https://codexery.com/historical-figures/e/notable/deng-xiaoping/": {"t": "Deng Xiaoping", "s": "Architect of modern China and paramount leader from 1978 to 1989"}, "https://codexery.com/ancient-empires-and-kingdoms/e/ancient-empires-and-kingdoms/xia-dynasty/": {"t": "Xia dynasty", "s": "First dynasty in traditional Chinese historiography, possibly legendary.", "i": "https://codexery.com/ancient-empires-and-kingdoms/img/ancient-empires-and-kingdoms/xia-dynasty.webp", "c": "Gary Todd · CC0"}, "https://codexery.com/pre-columbian-empires/e/pre-columbian-empires/shang-dynasty/": {"t": "Shang dynasty", "s": "Earliest Chinese dynasty confirmed by archaeology and written records."}, "https://codexery.com/chinese-classical-poets/e/chinese-classical-poets/tao-yuanming/": {"t": "Tao Yuanming", "s": "Poet who withdrew from civil service to farm and write.", "i": "https://codexery.com/chinese-classical-poets/img/chinese-classical-poets/tao-yuanming.webp", "c": "via Wikipedia: Tao Yuanming · see source"}, "https://codexery.com/national-parks-of-china/e/national-parks-of-china/mount-lu/": {"t": "Mount Lu", "s": "A sacred mountain and UNESCO World Heritage Site in China."}, "https://codexery.com/chinese-classical-poets/e/chinese-classical-poets/li-bai/": {"t": "Li Bai", "s": "Tang dynasty poet, one of the 'Three Wonders'.", "i": "https://codexery.com/chinese-classical-poets/img/chinese-classical-poets/li-bai.webp", "c": "via Wikipedia: Li Bai · see source"}, "https://codexery.com/writers-poets/e/writers-and-poets/bai-juyi/": {"t": "Bai Juyi", "s": "Tang dynasty poet, politician, and musician known for vernacular verse."}, "https://codexery.com/founders-of-new-religious-movements/e/founders-of-new-religious-movements/zhu-xi/": {"t": "Zhu Xi", "s": "Neo-Confucian philosopher whose works shaped East Asian state ideology."}, "https://codexery.com/ancient-empires/e/ancient-empires/xiongnu/": {"t": "Xiongnu", "s": "Nomadic confederation that dominated the eastern Eurasian Steppe from the 3rd century BC to the late 1st century AD."}, "https://codexery.com/chinese-history/e/chinese-history/hexi-corridor/": {"t": "Hexi Corridor", "s": "A historic corridor linking China to Central Asia."}, "https://codexery.com/history-of-imperial-china/e/history-of-imperial-china/silk-road/": {"t": "Silk Road", "s": "Network of routes linking East and West for centuries.", "i": "https://codexery.com/history-of-imperial-china/img/history-of-imperial-china/silk-road.webp", "c": "User:Kelvin Case\nUser:Turkish Flame\n\nUser:SmallJarsWithGreenLabels · via Wikipedia: Silk Road · CC BY-SA 4.0"}, "https://codexery.com/ethnic-groups/e/ethnic-groups/portuguese-people/": {"t": "Portuguese people", "s": "Romance ethnic group indigenous to Portugal, key in global exploration."}, "https://codexery.com/crewed-shenzhou-missions/e/crewed-shenzhou-missions/shenzhou-5/": {"t": "Shenzhou 5", "s": "China's first crewed spaceflight, launched 15 October 2003."}, "https://codexery.com/russian-regions/e/russian-regions/primorsky-krai/": {"t": "Primorsky Krai", "s": "Russia's southeastern maritime frontier, home to the Pacific Fleet and the only border with North Korea."}, "https://codexery.com/indigenous-peoples-of-the-world/e/indigenous-peoples-of-the-world/manchu-people/": {"t": "Manchu people", "s": "Tungusic people who founded the Qing dynasty of China."}, "https://codexery.com/herbs-and-spices/e/herbs-and-spices/ginseng/": {"t": "Ginseng", "s": "The root of plants in the genus Panax, used in traditional medicine for centuries, with no clinical evidence of therapeutic effects.", "i": "https://codexery.com/herbs-and-spices/img/herbs-and-spices/ginseng.webp", "c": "Fumikas Sagisavas · CC0"}, "https://codexery.com/seas-and-oceans/e/seas-and-oceans/sea-of-okhotsk/": {"t": "Sea of Okhotsk", "s": "Coldest sea in East Asia, seasonally ice-covered."}, "https://codexery.com/peninsulas/e/peninsulas/shandong-peninsula/": {"t": "Shandong Peninsula", "s": "Largest peninsula in China, key historical and economic region."}, "https://codexery.com/colonialism-and-exploration/e/colonialism-and-exploration/japanese-invasion-of-manchuria/": {"t": "Japanese invasion of Manchuria", "s": "Japanese Kwantung Army invaded Manchuria after a staged false flag incident."}, "https://codexery.com/fifa-world-cup/e/honours/soviet-union/": {"t": "Soviet Union", "s": "The world's flagship communist state and a superpower spanning Eurasia."}, "https://codexery.com/mountain-ranges-and-massifs/e/mountain-ranges-and-massifs/changbai-mountains/": {"t": "Changbai Mountains", "s": "Mountain range, mythical Qing birthplace, source of three rivers."}, "https://codexery.com/indian-states/e/indian-states/rajasthan/": {"t": "Rajasthan", "s": "Land of Kings"}, "https://codexery.com/revolutions-and-conflicts/e/revolutions-and-conflicts/indian-independence-movement/": {"t": "Indian independence movement", "s": "Political efforts to end British colonial rule in India."}, "https://codexery.com/desert-landscapes/e/desert-landscapes/thar-desert/": {"t": "Thar Desert", "s": "The Great Indian Desert: a vast arid region spanning India and Pakistan."}, "https://codexery.com/languages-and-writing-systems/e/languages-and-writing-systems/sanskrit/": {"t": "Sanskrit", "s": "The classical language of South Asian religion, philosophy, and culture."}, "https://codexery.com/meteorology/e/meteorology/tropical-cyclone/": {"t": "Tropical cyclone", "s": "A rapidly rotating storm system with a low-pressure area, strong winds, and spiral thunderstorms.", "i": "https://codexery.com/meteorology/img/meteorology/tropical-cyclone.webp", "c": "Vyacheslav Argenberg · CC BY 4.0"}, "https://codexery.com/marriage-and-kinship/e/marriage-and-kinship/dowry/": {"t": "Dowry", "s": "A marriage payment from the bride's family to the groom's family.", "i": "https://codexery.com/marriage-and-kinship/img/marriage-and-kinship/dowry.webp", "c": "Wikimedia Commons · CC BY 4.0"}, "https://codexery.com/indian-states/e/indian-states/gujarat/": {"t": "Gujarat", "s": "Land of the Gurjars, longest coastline, and the Asiatic lion.", "i": "https://codexery.com/indian-states/img/indian-states/gujarat.webp", "c": "Nileshbandhiya · CC BY-SA 3.0"}, "https://codexery.com/historical-figures/e/notable/aurangzeb/": {"t": "Aurangzeb", "s": "The sixth Mughal emperor who expanded the empire to its greatest extent."}, "https://codexery.com/pre-columbian-empires/e/pre-columbian-empires/mughal-empire/": {"t": "Mughal Empire", "s": "An early modern empire in South Asia, founded in 1526."}, "https://codexery.com/revolutions-and-conflicts/e/revolutions-and-conflicts/indian-rebellion-of-1857/": {"t": "Indian Rebellion of 1857", "s": "A mutiny that became a rebellion, reshaping an empire.", "i": "https://codexery.com/revolutions-and-conflicts/img/revolutions-and-conflicts/indian-rebellion-of-1857.webp", "c": "Unknown authorUnknown author Cambridge University Press; Stanford's Geogl. Estabt.. · via Wikipedia: Indian Rebellion of 1857 · Public domain"}, "https://codexery.com/languages-and-dialects/e/languages-and-dialects/hindi/": {"t": "Hindi", "s": "Official language of India and lingua franca of northern India."}, "https://codexery.com/languages-of-the-world/e/languages-of-the-world/sindhi-language/": {"t": "Sindhi language", "s": "A major South Asian language, third most-widely spoken in Pakistan after Punjabi and Pashto."}, "https://codexery.com/islands-and-archipelagos/e/islands-and-archipelagos/malay-peninsula/": {"t": "Malay Peninsula", "s": "Southernmost point of mainland Asia, rich in history and biodiversity.", "i": "https://codexery.com/islands-and-archipelagos/img/islands-and-archipelagos/malay-peninsula.webp", "c": "via Wikipedia: Malay Peninsula · see source"}, "https://codexery.com/wars-conflicts/e/wars-and-conflicts/pacific-war/": {"t": "Pacific War", "s": "The largest theater of World War II, fought across the Pacific and Asia.", "i": "https://codexery.com/wars-conflicts/img/wars-and-conflicts/pacific-war.webp", "c": "Ensign Emment Regan · Public domain"}, "https://codexery.com/indonesian-provinces/e/indonesian-provinces/riau/": {"t": "Riau", "s": "Wealthy Indonesian province on Sumatra's east coast.", "i": "https://codexery.com/indonesian-provinces/img/indonesian-provinces/riau.webp", "c": "Gunkarta · Public domain"}, "https://codexery.com/languages/e/languages/malay-language/": {"t": "Malay language", "s": "An Austronesian language native to Maritime Southeast Asia and the Malay Peninsula, official in Brunei, Malaysia, and Singapore."}, "https://codexery.com/ingredients/e/ingredients/black-pepper/": {"t": "Black pepper", "s": "A flowering vine whose dried fruit is a ubiquitous spice, native to South Asia."}, "https://codexery.com/ethnic-groups/e/ethnic-groups/javanese-people/": {"t": "Javanese people", "s": "Largest ethnic group in Indonesia and Southeast Asia."}, "https://codexery.com/governments-and-political-systems/e/governments-and-political-systems/government-of-the-united-kingdom/": {"t": "Government of the United Kingdom", "s": "Central executive authority of the United Kingdom.", "i": "https://codexery.com/governments-and-political-systems/img/governments-and-political-systems/government-of-the-united-kingdom.webp", "c": "No machine-readable author provided. Nightstallion assumed (based on copyright c · Public domain"}, "https://codexery.com/british-empire/e/british-empire/malayan-emergency/": {"t": "Malayan Emergency", "s": "A guerrilla war for Malayan independence and communist statehood.", "i": "https://codexery.com/british-empire/img/british-empire/malayan-emergency.webp", "c": "Australian Government · via Wikipedia: Malayan Emergency · Public domain"}, "https://codexery.com/military-conflicts-and-wars/e/military-conflicts-and-wars/indonesia-malaysia-confrontation/": {"t": "Indonesia–Malaysia confrontation", "s": "Indonesia–Malaysia confrontation was an undeclared war, primarily fought in the border area between Indonesia and East Malaysia on the island of Borneo, with lo", "i": "https://codexery.com/military-conflicts-and-wars/img/military-conflicts-and-wars/indonesia-malaysia-confrontation.webp", "c": "via Wikipedia: Indonesia–Malaysia confrontation · see source"}, "https://codexery.com/islamic-concepts-and-practices/e/islamic-concepts-and-practices/sharia/": {"t": "Sharia", "s": "Islamic divine law based on the Qur'an and hadith, distinct from fiqh."}, "https://codexery.com/indonesian-provinces/e/indonesian-provinces/riau-islands/": {"t": "Riau Islands", "s": "A province of islands at the crossroads of maritime trade and culture.", "i": "https://codexery.com/indonesian-provinces/img/indonesian-provinces/riau-islands.webp", "c": "Twotwofourtysix · CC BY-SA 4.0"}, "https://codexery.com/languages-of-the-world/e/languages-of-the-world/tamil-language/": {"t": "Tamil language", "s": "Tamil (தமிழ், Tamiḻ) is a Dravidian language native to the Tamil people, primarily spoken in the Indian state of Tamil Nadu and the union territory of Puducherr"}, "https://codexery.com/languages/e/languages/malayalam/": {"t": "Malayalam", "s": "A Dravidian classical language of Kerala and the Malayali people."}, "https://codexery.com/languages-of-the-world/e/languages-of-the-world/telugu-language/": {"t": "Telugu language", "s": "Telugu is a Dravidian language native to the Indian states of Andhra Pradesh and Telangana, where it serves as the official language."}, "https://codexery.com/languages-and-writing-systems/e/languages-and-writing-systems/punjabi-language/": {"t": "Punjabi language", "s": "Punjabi, also spelled Panjabi, belongs to the Indo-Aryan language family and originates in the Punjab region, which spans parts of Pakistan and India."}, "https://codexery.com/ethnic-groups/e/ethnic-groups/malays-ethnic-group/": {"t": "Malays (ethnic group)", "s": "An Austronesian ethnoreligious group native to the Malay world."}, "https://codexery.com/fifa-world-cup/e/honours/saudi-arabia/": {"t": "Saudi Arabia", "s": "The Kingdom of Saudi Arabia: a land of ancient heritage, vast deserts, and global influence.", "i": "https://codexery.com/fifa-world-cup/img/honours/saudi-arabia.webp", "c": "via Wikipedia: Saudi Arabia at the FIFA World Cup · see source"}, "https://codexery.com/forms-of-government/e/forms-of-government/monarchy/": {"t": "Monarchy", "s": "A hereditary system of rule by a single sovereign."}, "https://codexery.com/engineering-disciplines/e/engineering-disciplines/civil-engineering/": {"t": "Civil engineering", "s": "Professional discipline designing and maintaining the built environment."}, "https://codexery.com/fruit-trees-berries/e/fruit-trees-and-berries/date-palm/": {"t": "Date palm", "s": "Cultivated for millennia, dates are emblematic of oasis agriculture."}, "https://codexery.com/corporations-conglomerates/e/corporations-and-conglomerates/saudi-aramco/": {"t": "Saudi Aramco", "s": "The world's largest oil producer by daily output and reserves.", "i": "https://codexery.com/corporations-conglomerates/img/corporations-and-conglomerates/saudi-aramco.webp", "c": "Carlos Figueroa Rojas · CC BY-SA 4.0"}, "https://codexery.com/energy-power/e/energy-and-power/desalination/": {"t": "Desalination", "s": "Converting salt water to fresh water through artificial processes."}, "https://codexery.com/ancient-empires-rulers/e/ancient-empires-rulers/chandragupta-maurya/": {"t": "Chandragupta Maurya", "s": "Founder of the Maurya Empire, unifier of ancient India."}, "https://codexery.com/writing-systems/e/writing-systems/brahmi-script/": {"t": "Brahmi script", "s": "Ancient Indian script, ancestor of many modern South Asian writing systems."}, "https://codexery.com/languages-and-writing-systems/e/languages-and-writing-systems/pali/": {"t": "Pali", "s": "Sacred language of Theravada Buddhism and the Tipiṭaka."}, "https://codexery.com/religious-traditions/e/religious-traditions/jainism/": {"t": "Jainism", "s": "Indian religion centered on nonviolence and spiritual liberation."}, "https://codexery.com/ancient-empires/e/ancient-empires/gupta-empire/": {"t": "Gupta Empire", "s": "Classical Indian empire spanning northern subcontinent, noted for cultural achievements."}, "https://codexery.com/ethnic-groups/e/ethnic-groups/pashtuns/": {"t": "Pashtuns", "s": "Pashtuns are a tribal ethnic group primarily in Afghanistan and Pakistan, with significant diaspora communities in India and elsewhere."}, "https://codexery.com/exploration-colonization/e/exploration-and-colonization/east-india-company/": {"t": "East India Company", "s": "Chartered company that ruled large parts of India and dominated key trade routes.", "i": "https://codexery.com/exploration-colonization/img/exploration-and-colonization/east-india-company.webp", "c": "John Bruce · Public domain"}, "https://codexery.com/hindu-gurus-and-philosophers/e/hindu-gurus-and-philosophers/swaminarayan/": {"t": "Swaminarayan", "s": "Yogi and ascetic, founder of the Swaminarayan Sampradaya."}, "https://codexery.com/warfare-military-history/e/warfare-and-military-history/blockade/": {"t": "Blockade", "s": "Military force to prevent entry or exit of goods and people."}, "https://codexery.com/governments-and-political-systems/e/governments-and-political-systems/government-of-india/": {"t": "Government of India", "s": "National authority of the Republic of India, established by the Constitution.", "i": "https://codexery.com/governments-and-political-systems/img/governments-and-political-systems/government-of-india.webp", "c": "Trikkiboy · Public domain"}, "https://codexery.com/countries-and-regions/e/countries-and-regions/maharashtra/": {"t": "Maharashtra", "s": "Land of the Deccan Plateau and India's financial heart", "i": "https://codexery.com/countries-and-regions/img/countries-and-regions/maharashtra.webp", "c": "Own work based on user:Chumwa · CC BY-SA 4.0"}, "https://codexery.com/geology-earth-surface/e/geology-and-earth-surface/seismology/": {"t": "Seismology", "s": "Scientific study of earthquakes and elastic wave propagation."}, "https://codexery.com/rivers-and-seas-of-the-world/e/rivers-and-seas-of-the-world/arabian-sea/": {"t": "Arabian Sea", "s": "A historically vital sea linking Old World trade networks.", "i": "https://codexery.com/rivers-and-seas-of-the-world/img/rivers-and-seas-of-the-world/arabian-sea.webp", "c": "via Wikipedia: Arabian Sea · see source"}, "https://codexery.com/historical-figures/e/notable/ashoka/": {"t": "Ashoka", "s": "Mauryan emperor who promoted Buddhism and righteous conduct."}}