{"/e/cities-on-rivers/tianjin/": {"t": "Tianjin", "s": "A dual-core port city on the Hai River and Bohai Gulf."}, "https://codexery.com/dynasties-and-kingdoms/e/dynasties-and-kingdoms/three-kingdoms/": {"t": "Three Kingdoms", "s": "A partial revival of the old three kingdoms in early medieval Korea."}, "https://codexery.com/east-asian-history/e/east-asian-history/liu-song-dynasty/": {"t": "Liu Song dynasty", "s": "First of the four Southern dynasties during the Northern and Southern period."}, "https://codexery.com/ancient-empires/e/ancient-empires/ming-dynasty/": {"t": "Ming dynasty", "s": "The last Han-led imperial dynasty of China."}, "https://codexery.com/chinese-history/e/chinese-history/republic-of-china-1912-1949/": {"t": "Republic of China (1912–1949)", "s": "First Chinese republic, ruled mainland until 1949."}, "https://codexery.com/modern-conflicts/e/modern-conflicts/chinese-civil-war/": {"t": "Chinese Civil War", "s": "Civil war between KMT and CCP, ending in Communist victory."}, "https://codexery.com/rebellions-in-the-qing-dynasty/e/rebellions-in-the-qing-dynasty/taiping-heavenly-kingdom/": {"t": "Taiping Heavenly Kingdom", "s": "A theocratic monarchy that challenged Qing rule for 14 years.", "i": "https://codexery.com/rebellions-in-the-qing-dynasty/img/rebellions-in-the-qing-dynasty/taiping-heavenly-kingdom.webp", "c": "via Wikipedia: Taiping Heavenly Kingdom · see source"}, "https://codexery.com/leaders-of-revolution-and-independence/e/leaders-of-revolution-and-independence/wang-jingwei/": {"t": "Wang Jingwei", "s": "Chinese revolutionary turned collaborationist leader during World War II.", "i": "https://codexery.com/leaders-of-revolution-and-independence/img/leaders-of-revolution-and-independence/wang-jingwei.webp", "c": "via Wikipedia: Wang Jingwei · see source"}, "https://codexery.com/wars-conflicts/e/wars-and-conflicts/second-sino-japanese-war/": {"t": "Second Sino-Japanese War", "s": "Largest Asian war of the 20th century, intertwined with World War II.", "i": "https://codexery.com/wars-conflicts/img/wars-and-conflicts/second-sino-japanese-war.webp", "c": "Unknown photographer, Ministry of the Navy · via Wikipedia: Second Sino-Japanese War · Public domain"}, "https://codexery.com/historical-events-places/e/historical-events-and-places/nanjing-massacre/": {"t": "Nanjing Massacre", "s": "Mass rape and murder by Japanese forces in Nanjing."}, "https://codexery.com/ancient-empires/e/ancient-empires/tang-dynasty/": {"t": "Tang dynasty", "s": "Imperial dynasty ruling China from 618 to 907."}, "https://codexery.com/ancient-empires/e/ancient-empires/song-dynasty/": {"t": "Song dynasty", "s": "Chinese dynasty that pioneered paper money and gunpowder weapons."}, "https://codexery.com/dynasties-and-kingdoms/e/dynasties-and-kingdoms/qing-dynasty/": {"t": "Qing dynasty", "s": "The Qing dynasty, also called the Great Qing or Qing China, was an early modern empire in East Asia ruled by the Manchu people."}, "https://codexery.com/rivers-of-europe/e/rivers-of-europe/loire/": {"t": "Loire", "s": "Longest river in France, flowing through a UNESCO-listed valley.", "i": "https://codexery.com/rivers-of-europe/img/rivers-of-europe/loire.webp", "c": "0x010C · CC BY-SA 4.0"}, "https://codexery.com/european-regions/e/european-regions/pays-de-la-loire/": {"t": "Pays de la Loire", "s": "A postwar region on France's Atlantic coast, blending historical provinces and modern metropolises."}, "https://codexery.com/duchies-and-electorates-of-the-holy-roma/e/duchies-and-electorates-of-the-holy-roman-empire/duchy-of-brittany/": {"t": "Duchy of Brittany", "s": "A medieval duchy on the northwestern peninsula of France, never part of the Holy Roman Empire."}, "https://codexery.com/ancient-empires/e/ancient-empires/roman-empire/": {"t": "Roman Empire", "s": "Medieval and early modern empire claiming direct Roman succession, dissolved in 1806."}, "https://codexery.com/exploration-colonization/e/exploration-and-colonization/french-colonial-empire/": {"t": "French colonial empire", "s": "Overseas colonies, protectorates, and mandates under French rule.", "i": "https://codexery.com/exploration-colonization/img/exploration-and-colonization/french-colonial-empire.webp", "c": "M. G. Scott · Public domain"}, "https://codexery.com/exploration-colonization/e/exploration-and-colonization/atlantic-slave-trade/": {"t": "Atlantic slave trade", "s": "Transatlantic transportation of enslaved Africans to the Americas.", "i": "https://codexery.com/exploration-colonization/img/exploration-and-colonization/atlantic-slave-trade.webp", "c": "Great Britain. Parliament. House of Commons · Public domain"}, "https://codexery.com/revolutions-uprisings/e/revolutions-and-uprisings/french-revolution/": {"t": "French Revolution", "s": "The 1789–1799 upheaval that toppled the French monarchy and shaped liberal democracy.", "i": "https://codexery.com/revolutions-uprisings/img/revolutions-and-uprisings/french-revolution.webp", "c": "via Wikipedia: French Revolution · see source"}, "https://codexery.com/ancient-greek-astronomers/e/ancient-greek-astronomers/ptolemy/": {"t": "Ptolemy", "s": "Greco-Roman scholar who authored the Almagest and Geography."}, "https://codexery.com/ancient-classical-texts/e/ancient-and-classical-texts/geography-ptolemy/": {"t": "Geography (Ptolemy)", "s": "A 2nd-century gazetteer and atlas foundational to later cartography."}, "https://codexery.com/languages/e/languages/latin/": {"t": "Latin", "s": "A classical language of the Italic branch, Latin evolved into the Romance languages and remained a key scholarly tongue into the early 19th century."}, "https://codexery.com/ancient-cities/e/ancient-cities/lutetia/": {"t": "Lutetia", "s": "Gallo–Roman town that became the predecessor of modern Paris."}, "https://codexery.com/revolutions-and-conflicts/e/revolutions-and-conflicts/french-wars-of-religion/": {"t": "French Wars of Religion", "s": "The French Wars of Religion were a series of civil wars fought between French Catholics and Protestant Huguenots from 1562 to 1598."}, "https://codexery.com/branches-of-christianity/e/branches-of-christianity/protestantism/": {"t": "Protestantism", "s": "Christian movement originating in the 16th-century Protestant Reformation."}, "https://codexery.com/fifa-world-cup/e/honours/france/": {"t": "France", "s": "A global centre of art, science, cuisine and philosophy."}, "https://codexery.com/seas-and-oceans/e/seas-and-oceans/east-china-sea/": {"t": "East China Sea", "s": "A marginal sea of the Western Pacific, rich in history and natural resources."}, "https://codexery.com/cities/e/coastal/shanghai/": {"t": "Shanghai", "s": "China's most populous city and a global hub for finance and innovation."}, "https://codexery.com/cities-of-china/e/cities-of-china/shaoxing/": {"t": "Shaoxing", "s": "Historic city known for wine, opera, and comfortable living."}, "/e/cities-on-rivers/qingdao/": {"t": "Qingdao", "s": "A historic port city blending German heritage with modern Chinese dynamism."}, "/e/cities-on-rivers/xiamen/": {"t": "Xiamen", "s": "A historic port city and special economic zone on the Taiwan Strait."}, "/e/cities-on-rivers/shenzhen/": {"t": "Shenzhen", "s": "Shenzhen: A premier global metropolis and technology hub on the Pearl River estuary."}, "https://codexery.com/economic-concepts/e/economic-concepts/gross-domestic-product/": {"t": "Gross domestic product", "s": "Monetary measure of total market value of final goods and services."}, "https://codexery.com/history-of-imperial-china/e/history-of-imperial-china/silk-road/": {"t": "Silk Road", "s": "Network of routes linking East and West for centuries.", "i": "https://codexery.com/history-of-imperial-china/img/history-of-imperial-china/silk-road.webp", "c": "User:Kelvin Case\nUser:Turkish Flame\n\nUser:SmallJarsWithGreenLabels · via Wikipedia: Silk Road · CC BY-SA 4.0"}, "https://codexery.com/ancient-empires/e/ancient-empires/han-dynasty/": {"t": "Han dynasty", "s": "The golden age that shaped Chinese identity."}, "https://codexery.com/ancient-empires-and-kingdoms/e/ancient-empires-and-kingdoms/xia-dynasty/": {"t": "Xia dynasty", "s": "First dynasty in traditional Chinese historiography, possibly legendary.", "i": "https://codexery.com/ancient-empires-and-kingdoms/img/ancient-empires-and-kingdoms/xia-dynasty.webp", "c": "Gary Todd · CC0"}, "https://codexery.com/major-wars/e/major-wars/first-opium-war/": {"t": "First Opium War", "s": "Conflict between Britain and Qing China over opium trade and diplomacy."}, "https://codexery.com/ethnic-groups/e/ethnic-groups/persians/": {"t": "Persians", "s": "An Iranian ethnic group indigenous to the Iranian plateau, native speakers of Persian, and founders of ancient empires."}, "https://codexery.com/chinese-history/e/chinese-history/sino-french-war/": {"t": "Sino-French War", "s": "Limited conflict for influence in Vietnam without declaration of war."}, "https://codexery.com/major-wars/e/major-wars/second-world-war/": {"t": "Second World War", "s": "Global conflict between Allies and Axis, deadliest in history."}, "https://codexery.com/russian-regions/e/russian-regions/novosibirsk-oblast/": {"t": "Novosibirsk Oblast", "s": "The third-largest city in Russia, Novosibirsk, is the heart of this Siberian oblast."}, "https://codexery.com/cities/e/landmark-cities/moscow/": {"t": "Moscow", "s": "Capital of Russia, largest city in Europe, and a historic center of power and culture."}, "/e/cities-on-rivers/saint-petersburg/": {"t": "Saint Petersburg", "s": "Russia's cultural capital and historic window to Europe."}, "https://codexery.com/trains/e/legendary-trains/the-trans-siberian-railway/": {"t": "The Trans-Siberian Railway", "s": "The longest railway line in the world, connecting Moscow to Vladivostok across eight time zones.", "i": "https://codexery.com/trains/img/legendary-trains/the-trans-siberian-railway.webp", "c": "Wikimedia Commons · Public domain"}, "https://codexery.com/fifa-world-cup/e/honours/soviet-union/": {"t": "Soviet Union", "s": "The world's flagship communist state and a superpower spanning Eurasia."}, "https://codexery.com/historical-figures/e/notable/joseph-stalin/": {"t": "Joseph Stalin", "s": "Soviet revolutionary and dictator who ruled from the mid-1920s until his death in 1953."}, "https://codexery.com/world-war-ii-campaigns-and-atrocities/e/world-war-ii-campaigns-and-atrocities/eastern-front-world-war-ii/": {"t": "Eastern Front (World War II)", "s": "The decisive theatre of World War II where the Axis powers were defeated on the Eastern Front.", "i": "https://codexery.com/world-war-ii-campaigns-and-atrocities/img/world-war-ii-campaigns-and-atrocities/eastern-front-world-war-ii.webp", "c": "FOTO:Fortepan — ID 27693 : Adományozó/Donor: Konok Tamás id. archive copy at the · CC BY-SA 3.0"}, "https://codexery.com/dynasties-and-kingdoms/e/dynasties-and-kingdoms/russian-empire/": {"t": "Russian Empire", "s": "Third-largest empire in history, spanning northern Eurasia."}, "https://codexery.com/swiss-folklore/e/swiss-folklore/samichlaus/": {"t": "Samichlaus", "s": "Early Christian bishop whose gift-giving legend inspired Santa Claus."}, "https://codexery.com/historical-cultural-concepts/e/historical-and-cultural-concepts/tsar/": {"t": "Tsar", "s": "Slavic imperial title derived from Latin caesar, used in Bulgaria, Serbia, Russia."}, "https://codexery.com/rivers-and-seas-of-the-world/e/rivers-and-seas-of-the-world/caspian-sea/": {"t": "Caspian Sea", "s": "The world's largest inland body of water, a brackish sea between Europe and Asia.", "i": "https://codexery.com/rivers-and-seas-of-the-world/img/rivers-and-seas-of-the-world/caspian-sea.webp", "c": "NASA · Public domain"}, "https://codexery.com/languages-and-writing-systems/e/languages-and-writing-systems/russian-language/": {"t": "Russian language", "s": "An East Slavic language of the Indo-European family, native to Russia and widely spoken across Eurasia."}, "https://codexery.com/ukrainian-oblasts/e/ukrainian-oblasts/odesa-oblast/": {"t": "Odesa Oblast", "s": "Southwestern Ukrainian province on the Black Sea coast."}, "https://codexery.com/rivers-and-seas-of-the-world/e/rivers-and-seas-of-the-world/black-sea/": {"t": "Black Sea", "s": "Marginal sea between Europe and Asia with anoxic deep waters.", "i": "https://codexery.com/rivers-and-seas-of-the-world/img/rivers-and-seas-of-the-world/black-sea.webp", "c": "via Wikipedia: Black Sea · see source"}, "https://codexery.com/world-heritage-sites-in-ukraine/e/world-heritage-sites-in-ukraine/historic-centre-of-odesa/": {"t": "Historic Centre of Odesa", "s": "A 19th-century port city centre on UNESCO's Danger List."}, "/e/cities-on-rivers/warsaw/": {"t": "Warsaw", "s": "Capital and largest city of Poland, on the Vistula River."}, "https://codexery.com/seas-and-oceans/e/seas-and-oceans/mediterranean-sea/": {"t": "Mediterranean Sea", "s": "Eponymous mediterranean sea enclosed by Africa, Asia, and Europe.", "i": "https://codexery.com/seas-and-oceans/img/seas-and-oceans/mediterranean-sea.webp", "c": "of the modification : Eric Gaba (Sting) · via Wikipedia: Mediterranean Sea · Public domain"}, "https://codexery.com/art-movements-styles/e/art-movements-and-styles/art-nouveau/": {"t": "Art Nouveau", "s": "Whiplash curves, plant forms and iron and glass: the international style of the Belle Époque.", "i": "https://codexery.com/art-movements-styles/img/art-movements-and-styles/art-nouveau.webp", "c": "via Wikipedia: Art Nouveau · see source"}, "https://codexery.com/architectural-styles-and-elements/e/architectural-styles-and-elements/renaissance-architecture/": {"t": "Renaissance architecture", "s": "Revival of classical Greek and Roman architectural principles.", "i": "https://codexery.com/architectural-styles-and-elements/img/architectural-styles-and-elements/renaissance-architecture.webp", "c": "Txllxt TxllxT · CC BY-SA 4.0"}, "https://codexery.com/art-movements/e/art-movements/classicism/": {"t": "Classicism", "s": "An aesthetic attitude valuing form, proportion, and restraint from classical antiquity."}, "https://codexery.com/ancient-cities/e/ancient-cities/palmyra/": {"t": "Palmyra", "s": "Ancient Syrian oasis city, Silk Road hub, and short-lived empire."}, "https://codexery.com/society-and-culture/e/society-and-culture/nomad/": {"t": "Nomad", "s": "Mobile communities moving for food, pasture, or trade."}, "https://codexery.com/languages-of-the-world/e/languages-of-the-world/turkish-language/": {"t": "Turkish language", "s": "Most widely spoken Turkic language, official in Turkey and Cyprus."}, "https://codexery.com/modern-conflicts/e/modern-conflicts/crimean-war/": {"t": "Crimean War", "s": "A mid-19th century conflict between Russia and an alliance of the Ottoman Empire, France, the United Kingdom, and Sardinia, notable for modern technologies and "}, "https://codexery.com/film-and-theater-icons/e/film-and-theater-icons/sergei-eisenstein/": {"t": "Sergei Eisenstein", "s": "Pioneer of montage and master of Soviet cinema."}, "https://codexery.com/languages-of-the-world/e/languages-of-the-world/ukrainian-language/": {"t": "Ukrainian language", "s": "East Slavic language of Ukraine, with deep historical roots."}, "https://codexery.com/film-history-milestones/e/film-history-and-milestones/battleship-potemkin/": {"t": "Battleship Potemkin", "s": "A silent epic of revolution and rebellion."}, "/e/cities-on-rivers/novosibirsk/": {"t": "Novosibirsk", "s": "The largest city in Siberia, on the banks of the Ob River."}, "https://codexery.com/rivers-and-lakes/e/rivers-and-lakes/irtysh/": {"t": "Irtysh", "s": "Longest tributary river in the world, flowing through three countries.", "i": "https://codexery.com/rivers-and-lakes/img/rivers-and-lakes/irtysh.webp", "c": "Sibom · Public domain"}, "https://codexery.com/desert-landscapes/e/desert-landscapes/taklamakan-desert/": {"t": "Taklamakan Desert", "s": "A sea of sand in the heart of Asia, where ancient trade routes meet modern engineering."}, "https://codexery.com/modern-conflicts/e/modern-conflicts/world-war-i/": {"t": "World War I", "s": "Global conflict between Allies and Central Powers, 1914–1918."}, "https://codexery.com/revolutions-and-conflicts/e/revolutions-and-conflicts/russian-revolution/": {"t": "Russian Revolution", "s": "A period of revolution and civil war that ended monarchy and established socialist rule."}, "https://codexery.com/russian-cities/e/russian-cities/irkutsk/": {"t": "Irkutsk", "s": "The Paris of Siberia"}, "https://codexery.com/coastal-and-fluvial-geomorphology/e/coastal-and-fluvial-geomorphology/confluence/": {"t": "Confluence", "s": "Where two or more watercourses join to form a single channel."}, "https://codexery.com/russian-regions/e/russian-regions/russian-far-east/": {"t": "Russian Far East", "s": "The easternmost part of Russia and Asia, coextensive with the Far Eastern Federal District."}, "https://codexery.com/cities-of-the-world/e/cities-of-the-world/astana/": {"t": "Astana", "s": "Astana is the capital city of Kazakhstan, situated on the banks of the Ishim River in the northern part of the country."}, "https://codexery.com/art-movements/e/art-movements/neoclassicism/": {"t": "Neoclassicism", "s": "A Western revival of classical antiquity inspired by Enlightenment ideals."}, "https://codexery.com/indonesian-provinces/e/indonesian-provinces/west-sumatra/": {"t": "West Sumatra", "s": "Land of the Minangkabau"}, "https://codexery.com/islands/e/islands/sumatra/": {"t": "Sumatra", "s": "Large Indonesian island with rich history and biodiversity.", "i": "https://codexery.com/islands/img/islands/sumatra.webp", "c": "Sadalmelik · via Wikipedia: Sumatra · CC BY-SA 3.0"}, "https://codexery.com/ingredients/e/ingredients/black-pepper/": {"t": "Black pepper", "s": "A flowering vine whose dried fruit is a ubiquitous spice, native to South Asia."}, "https://codexery.com/exploration-colonization/e/exploration-and-colonization/dutch-east-indies/": {"t": "Dutch East Indies", "s": "Dutch colony that became modern Indonesia after war and negotiation.", "i": "https://codexery.com/exploration-colonization/img/exploration-and-colonization/dutch-east-indies.webp", "c": "Roger Veringmeier · CC BY-SA 4.0"}, "/e/cities-on-rivers/palembang/": {"t": "Palembang", "s": "Ancient Srivijayan capital and modern Sumatran metropolis."}, "https://codexery.com/wars-conflicts/e/wars-and-conflicts/napoleonic-wars/": {"t": "Napoleonic Wars", "s": "Global conflicts from 1803 to 1815, featuring coalitions against Napoleon and French domination of Europe.", "i": "https://codexery.com/wars-conflicts/img/wars-and-conflicts/napoleonic-wars.webp", "c": "Ruedi33a · CC BY-SA 4.0"}, "https://codexery.com/provinces-of-indonesia/e/provinces-of-indonesia/bengkulu/": {"t": "Bengkulu", "s": "Land of Carcasses Upstream, Fort Marlborough, and the Sunda Fault", "i": "https://codexery.com/provinces-of-indonesia/img/provinces-of-indonesia/bengkulu.webp", "c": "Bennylin · CC BY-SA 3.0"}, "https://codexery.com/bbq/e/barbecue-and-grilling/satay/": {"t": "Satay", "s": "Skewered grilled meat dish with peanut sauce, iconic in Southeast Asia."}, "https://codexery.com/food/e/food/curry/": {"t": "Curry", "s": "A spicy sauce dish internationalised through trade and colonialism."}, "https://codexery.com/cambodian-cuisine/e/cambodian-cuisine/ketupat/": {"t": "Ketupat", "s": "A Southeast Asian compressed rice cake in woven palm leaves."}, "https://codexery.com/sports-and-games/e/sports-and-games/surfing/": {"t": "Surfing", "s": "Surface water sport riding waves on a board."}, "https://codexery.com/seas-and-oceans/e/seas-and-oceans/indian-ocean/": {"t": "Indian Ocean", "s": "Third-largest ocean, warmest, key to global climate and trade."}, "https://codexery.com/water-sports/e/water-sports/dragon-boat/": {"t": "Dragon boat", "s": "Traditional Chinese paddled watercraft with over 2000 years of history.", "i": "https://codexery.com/water-sports/img/water-sports/dragon-boat.webp", "c": "Newnujilb · CC BY-SA 4.0"}, "https://codexery.com/indonesian-provinces/e/indonesian-provinces/south-sumatra/": {"t": "South Sumatra", "s": "Province in southeast Sumatra, historically home to Srivijaya.", "i": "https://codexery.com/indonesian-provinces/img/indonesian-provinces/south-sumatra.webp", "c": "Gunkarta · Public domain"}, "https://codexery.com/cities-starting-with-m/e/cities-starting-with-m/medan/": {"t": "Medan", "s": "Capital of North Sumatra and a major Indonesian economic hub."}, "https://codexery.com/ancient-empires/e/ancient-empires/srivijaya/": {"t": "Srivijaya", "s": "A Malay thalassocratic empire dominating western Maritime Southeast Asia."}, "https://codexery.com/straits-channels-and-seas/e/straits-channels-and-seas/strait-of-malacca/": {"t": "Strait of Malacca", "s": "A vital maritime chokepoint linking the Indian and Pacific Oceans."}, "https://codexery.com/languages/e/languages/malay-language/": {"t": "Malay language", "s": "An Austronesian language native to Maritime Southeast Asia and the Malay Peninsula, official in Brunei, Malaysia, and Singapore."}, "https://codexery.com/ancient-empires/e/ancient-empires/chola-dynasty/": {"t": "Chola dynasty", "s": "Tamil dynasty ruling a maritime empire from Southern India."}, "https://codexery.com/explorers/e/great-explorers/zheng-he/": {"t": "Zheng He", "s": "Chinese admiral who led seven voyages across the Indian Ocean.", "i": "https://codexery.com/explorers/img/great-explorers/zheng-he.webp", "c": "User:Vmenkov · CC BY-SA 3.0"}, "/e/cities-on-rivers/nanjing/": {"t": "Nanjing", "s": "Southern Capital on the Yangtze"}, "https://codexery.com/exploration-colonization/e/exploration-and-colonization/dutch-east-india-company/": {"t": "Dutch East India Company", "s": "Chartered trading company and pioneer of joint-stock finance.", "i": "https://codexery.com/exploration-colonization/img/exploration-and-colonization/dutch-east-india-company.webp", "c": "Wikimedia Commons · CC BY 4.0"}, "https://codexery.com/indonesian-cities/e/indonesian-cities/ternate/": {"t": "Ternate", "s": "Historic spice-trade center and former sultanate capital."}, "https://codexery.com/indonesian-provinces/e/indonesian-provinces/riau/": {"t": "Riau", "s": "Wealthy Indonesian province on Sumatra's east coast.", "i": "https://codexery.com/indonesian-provinces/img/indonesian-provinces/riau.webp", "c": "Gunkarta · Public domain"}, "https://codexery.com/ethnic-groups/e/ethnic-groups/javanese-people/": {"t": "Javanese people", "s": "Largest ethnic group in Indonesia and Southeast Asia."}, "https://codexery.com/indian-states/e/indian-states/uttar-pradesh/": {"t": "Uttar Pradesh", "s": "India's most populous state, a historic heartland of empires and pilgrimage."}, "https://codexery.com/cities-starting-with-l/e/cities-starting-with-l/lucknow/": {"t": "Lucknow", "s": "Capital of Uttar Pradesh, India."}, "https://codexery.com/languages-and-dialects/e/languages-and-dialects/hindi/": {"t": "Hindi", "s": "Official language of India and lingua franca of northern India."}, "https://codexery.com/rivers-and-lakes/e/rivers-and-lakes/ganges/": {"t": "Ganges", "s": "The Ganges: sacred lifeline of India and Bangladesh, second-largest river system by discharge.", "i": "https://codexery.com/rivers-and-lakes/img/rivers-and-lakes/ganges.webp", "c": "Picture Prefect ! · CC BY-SA 4.0"}, "https://codexery.com/rivers-of-the-world/e/rivers-of-the-world/yamuna/": {"t": "Yamuna", "s": "Second-largest tributary of the Ganges, sacred river and goddess in Hinduism."}, "https://codexery.com/rigvedic-rivers/e/rigvedic-rivers/saraswati-river/": {"t": "Saraswati River", "s": "Deified Rigvedic river, goddess, and subject of identification theories."}, "https://codexery.com/hindu-and-buddhist-terms/e/hindu-and-buddhist-terms/vedas/": {"t": "Vedas", "s": "Oldest scriptures of Hinduism, composed in Vedic Sanskrit."}, "https://codexery.com/places-in-hindu-mythology/e/places-in-hindu-mythology/kuru-kingdom/": {"t": "Kuru kingdom", "s": "First state-level society in the Indian subcontinent."}, "https://codexery.com/places-in-hindu-mythology/e/places-in-hindu-mythology/hastinapur/": {"t": "Hastinapur", "s": "Ancient capital of the Kuru kingdom in Hindu tradition."}, "https://codexery.com/religious-traditions/e/religious-traditions/jainism/": {"t": "Jainism", "s": "Indian religion centered on nonviolence and spiritual liberation."}, "https://codexery.com/hinduism-and-jainism/e/hinduism-and-jainism/tirthankara/": {"t": "Tirthankara", "s": "Ford-makers who establish a path across the sea of rebirth."}, "https://codexery.com/hinduism-and-jainism/e/hinduism-and-jainism/rishabhanatha/": {"t": "Rishabhanatha", "s": "First Tirthankara of Jainism, founder of the Ikshvaku dynasty, and a ford-maker who taught arts and sciences."}, "https://codexery.com/ancient-empires/e/ancient-empires/maurya-empire/": {"t": "Maurya Empire", "s": "Iron Age empire unifying much of South Asia."}, "https://codexery.com/ancient-empires/e/ancient-empires/gupta-empire/": {"t": "Gupta Empire", "s": "Classical Indian empire spanning northern subcontinent, noted for cultural achievements."}, "https://codexery.com/books-about-the-mughal-empire/e/books-about-the-mughal-empire/akbarnama/": {"t": "Akbarnama", "s": "Official chronicle of Akbar's reign by court historian Abul Fazl."}, "https://codexery.com/novels-and-epics/e/novels-and-epics/mahabharata/": {"t": "Mahabharata", "s": "Major Sanskrit epic of ancient India, revered in Hinduism."}, "https://codexery.com/puranas/e/puranas/puranas/": {"t": "Puranas", "s": "Ancient Hindu texts weaving lore, cosmology, and devotion."}, "https://codexery.com/states-and-regions/e/states-and-regions/shandong/": {"t": "Shandong", "s": "Coastal province, cradle of Confucianism and Taoism."}, "https://codexery.com/peninsulas/e/peninsulas/shandong-peninsula/": {"t": "Shandong Peninsula", "s": "Largest peninsula in China, key historical and economic region."}, "https://codexery.com/seas-and-oceans/e/seas-and-oceans/yellow-sea/": {"t": "Yellow Sea", "s": "Marginal sea between China and Korea, named for its yellow silt."}, "https://codexery.com/cities-of-china/e/cities-of-china/rizhao/": {"t": "Rizhao", "s": "Prefecture-level city in southeastern Shandong, China, known for sustainability."}, "https://codexery.com/early-modern-state-formation-and-dynasti/e/early-modern-state-formation-and-dynasties/german-empire/": {"t": "German Empire", "s": "German Empire from 1871 unification to 1918 revolution.", "i": "https://codexery.com/early-modern-state-formation-and-dynasti/img/early-modern-state-formation-and-dynasties/german-empire.webp", "c": "via Wikipedia: German Empire · see source"}, "https://codexery.com/regions-cultural-spheres/e/regions-and-cultural-spheres/asia/": {"t": "Asia", "s": "Largest continent by area and population, cradle of many civilisations."}, "https://codexery.com/branches-of-christianity/e/branches-of-christianity/catholic-church/": {"t": "Catholic Church", "s": "The largest Christian church, with 1.28 to 1.41 billion baptized members.", "i": "https://codexery.com/branches-of-christianity/img/branches-of-christianity/catholic-church.webp", "c": "via Wikipedia: Christianity by country · see source"}, "https://codexery.com/revolutions-of-1917-1923/e/revolutions-of/may-fourth-movement/": {"t": "May Fourth Movement", "s": "Student protests on May 4, 1919 sparked a nationalist and political movement."}, "https://codexery.com/revolutions-uprisings/e/revolutions-and-uprisings/1911-revolution/": {"t": "1911 Revolution", "s": "The uprising that ended millennia of imperial rule in China.", "i": "https://codexery.com/revolutions-uprisings/img/revolutions-and-uprisings/1911-revolution.webp", "c": "via Wikipedia: 1911 Revolution · see source"}, "https://codexery.com/world-war-ii-topics/e/world-war-ii-topics/surrender-of-japan/": {"t": "Surrender of Japan", "s": "Japan's surrender ended World War II in the Pacific.", "i": "https://codexery.com/world-war-ii-topics/img/world-war-ii-topics/surrender-of-japan.webp", "c": "Harry Beanham · Public domain"}, "https://codexery.com/leaders-and-monarchs/e/leaders-and-monarchs/mao-zedong/": {"t": "Mao Zedong", "s": "Founder of the People's Republic of China and CCP leader."}, "https://codexery.com/revolutionary-leaders-icons/e/revolutionary-leaders-and-icons/sun-yat-sen/": {"t": "Sun Yat-sen", "s": "Founder of the Republic of China and the Kuomintang."}, "https://codexery.com/languages-and-dialects/e/languages-and-dialects/german-language/": {"t": "German language", "s": "German, known natively as Deutsch (pronounced [dɔɪ̯tʃ]), belongs to the West Germanic branch of the Indo-European language family and is spoken primarily across"}, "https://codexery.com/straits-channels-and-seas/e/straits-channels-and-seas/taiwan-strait/": {"t": "Taiwan Strait", "s": "Strait separating Taiwan from mainland Asia, historically contested."}, "https://codexery.com/explorers/e/great-explorers/marco-polo/": {"t": "Marco Polo", "s": "Venetian merchant whose travels opened the East to European understanding.", "i": "https://codexery.com/explorers/img/great-explorers/marco-polo.webp", "c": "Marco Polo · Public domain"}, "https://codexery.com/explorers/e/great-explorers/ibn-battuta/": {"t": "Ibn Battuta", "s": "The greatest traveller of the pre-modern world, whose journeys spanned Africa, Asia, and the Iberian Peninsula.", "i": "https://codexery.com/explorers/img/great-explorers/ibn-battuta.webp", "c": "Léon Benett · via Wikipedia: Ibn Battuta · Public domain"}, "https://codexery.com/piracy-in-the-pacific-ocean/e/piracy-in-the-pacific-ocean/wokou/": {"t": "Wokou", "s": "East Asian pirates raiding China and Korea from the 13th to 17th centuries."}, "/e/cities-on-rivers/ningbo/": {"t": "Ningbo", "s": "A historic port city and economic hub in the Yangtze Delta."}, "https://codexery.com/languages-and-dialects/e/languages-and-dialects/spanish-language/": {"t": "Spanish language", "s": "A global Romance language originating in the Kingdom of Castile."}, "https://codexery.com/languages-and-writing-systems/e/languages-and-writing-systems/portuguese-language/": {"t": "Portuguese language", "s": "A Western Romance language spoken by over 267 million people, official in eight countries and co-official in Macau and Equatorial Guinea."}, "https://codexery.com/languages-and-dialects/e/languages-and-dialects/dutch-language/": {"t": "Dutch language", "s": "A West Germanic language spoken by millions across Europe, the Americas, and beyond."}, "https://codexery.com/dynasties-and-kingdoms/e/dynasties-and-kingdoms/five-dynasties-and-ten-kingdoms-period/": {"t": "Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms period", "s": "An era of division and warfare in Imperial China."}, "https://codexery.com/history-of-imperial-china/e/history-of-imperial-china/maritime-silk-road/": {"t": "Maritime Silk Road", "s": "The ancient maritime network that connected East and West, shaped by Austronesian sailors and global trade.", "i": "https://codexery.com/history-of-imperial-china/img/history-of-imperial-china/maritime-silk-road.webp", "c": "Yumeto · CC BY-SA 4.0"}, "https://codexery.com/dynasties-and-kingdoms/e/dynasties-and-kingdoms/yuan-dynasty/": {"t": "Yuan dynasty", "s": "Mongol-led dynasty that ruled all of China proper."}, "https://codexery.com/mauritian-cuisine/e/mauritian-cuisine/zongzi/": {"t": "Zongzi", "s": "Traditional Chinese glutinous rice dumpling wrapped in bamboo leaves."}, "https://codexery.com/government-public-administration/e/government-and-public-administration/municipality/": {"t": "Municipality", "s": "A general-purpose administrative subdivision with self-government powers."}, "https://codexery.com/brazilian-states/e/brazilian-states/pernambuco/": {"t": "Pernambuco", "s": "Land of frevo, maracatu, and the Lion of the North."}, "https://codexery.com/brazilian-states/e/brazilian-states/north-region-brazil/": {"t": "North Region, Brazil", "s": "The vast and biodiverse North Region of Brazil, home to the Amazon rainforest.", "i": "https://codexery.com/brazilian-states/img/brazilian-states/north-region-brazil.webp", "c": "via Wikipedia: North Region, Brazil · see source"}, "https://codexery.com/brazilian-states/e/brazilian-states/northeast-region-brazil/": {"t": "Northeast Region, Brazil", "s": "Brazil's Northeast: where the coast meets the sertão, and history meets the future.", "i": "https://codexery.com/brazilian-states/img/brazilian-states/northeast-region-brazil.webp", "c": "via Wikipedia: Northeast Region, Brazil · see source"}, "https://codexery.com/former-portuguese-colonies/e/former-portuguese-colonies/captaincy-of-pernambuco/": {"t": "Captaincy of Pernambuco", "s": "A prosperous sugar-producing captaincy that expanded after absorbing failed territories."}, "https://codexery.com/former-dutch-colonies/e/former-dutch-colonies/dutch-brazil/": {"t": "Dutch Brazil", "s": "A Dutch colony in northeastern Brazil, 1630–1654.", "i": "https://codexery.com/former-dutch-colonies/img/former-dutch-colonies/dutch-brazil.webp", "c": "via Wikipedia: Dutch Brazil · see source"}, "https://codexery.com/cities/e/coastal/venice/": {"t": "Venice", "s": "The Floating City of Canals and History"}, "https://codexery.com/pakistani-inventions/e/pakistani-inventions/human-development-index/": {"t": "Human Development Index", "s": "Composite index measuring life expectancy, education, and income per capita."}, "https://codexery.com/violence/e/violence/gun-violence/": {"t": "Gun violence", "s": "Gun violence causes hundreds of thousands of deaths annually worldwide."}, "https://codexery.com/brazilian-states/e/brazilian-states/south-region-brazil/": {"t": "South Region, Brazil", "s": "Brazil's southernmost region, known for European heritage, temperate climate, and high living standards.", "i": "https://codexery.com/brazilian-states/img/brazilian-states/south-region-brazil.webp", "c": "via Wikipedia: South Region, Brazil · see source"}, "https://codexery.com/world-heritage-sites-in-brazil/e/world-heritage-sites-in-brazil/salvador-bahia/": {"t": "Salvador, Bahia", "s": "First capital of Colonial Brazil and center of Afro-Brazilian culture."}, "https://codexery.com/world-heritage-sites-in-brazil/e/world-heritage-sites-in-brazil/s-o-lu-s-maranh-o/": {"t": "São Luís, Maranhão", "s": "Brazilian state capital founded by France, with a UNESCO-listed historic center."}, "https://codexery.com/plants-crops/e/plants-and-crops/sugarcane/": {"t": "Sugarcane", "s": "A tall perennial grass used for sugar production, native to New Guinea.", "i": "https://codexery.com/plants-crops/img/plants-and-crops/sugarcane.webp", "c": "Vis M · CC BY-SA 4.0"}, "https://codexery.com/brazilian-states/e/brazilian-states/s-o-paulo/": {"t": "São Paulo", "s": "One of Brazil's most successful clubs, never relegated, with three world titles.", "i": "https://codexery.com/brazilian-states/img/brazilian-states/s-o-paulo.webp", "c": "via Wikipedia: São Paulo FC · see source"}, "https://codexery.com/landforms-and-regions/e/landforms-and-regions/east-european-plain/": {"t": "East European Plain", "s": "Vast interior plain spanning much of Eastern Europe.", "i": "https://codexery.com/landforms-and-regions/img/landforms-and-regions/east-european-plain.webp", "c": "via Wikipedia: East European Plain · see source"}, "https://codexery.com/rivers-and-seas-of-the-world/e/rivers-and-seas-of-the-world/don-river/": {"t": "Don (river)", "s": "Fifth-longest river in Europe, key Byzantine trade route.", "i": "https://codexery.com/rivers-and-seas-of-the-world/img/rivers-and-seas-of-the-world/don-river.webp", "c": "High Contrast · via Wikipedia: Don (river) · CC BY-SA 2.0 de"}, "https://codexery.com/seas-and-oceans/e/seas-and-oceans/sea-of-azov/": {"t": "Sea of Azov", "s": "The shallowest sea in the world, rich in fish and history.", "i": "https://codexery.com/seas-and-oceans/img/seas-and-oceans/sea-of-azov.webp", "c": "Канопус Киля · via Wikipedia: Sea of Azov · CC BY-SA 3.0"}, "https://codexery.com/geomorphology/e/geomorphology/river-delta/": {"t": "River delta", "s": "Landform formed by sediment deposition at a river mouth."}, "https://codexery.com/lost-civilizations/e/lost-civilizations/the-scythians/": {"t": "The Scythians", "s": "Ancient Iranic nomads who dominated the Pontic Steppe."}, "https://codexery.com/ancient-civilizations/e/ancient-civilizations/sarmatians/": {"t": "Sarmatians", "s": "Iranian equestrian nomads who dominated the Pontic steppe for nearly a millennium."}, "https://codexery.com/stato-da-m-r/e/stato-da-m-r/tanais/": {"t": "Tanais", "s": "Ancient Greek emporion at the northeastern edge of the Hellenistic world."}, "https://codexery.com/territories-of-the-republic-of-genoa/e/territories-of-the-republic-of-genoa/genoese-gazaria/": {"t": "Genoese Gazaria", "s": "Genoese colonial possessions in Crimea and the Black Sea region."}, "https://codexery.com/world-heritage-sites-in-italy/e/world-heritage-sites-in-italy/genoa/": {"t": "Genoa", "s": "Capital of Liguria and historic maritime republic on the Gulf of Genoa."}, "https://codexery.com/european-monarchs-consorts/e/european-monarchs-and-consorts/elizabeth-of-russia/": {"t": "Elizabeth of Russia", "s": "Empress of Russia who led the Enlightenment and opposed Prussia"}, "https://codexery.com/russian-cities/e/russian-cities/voronezh/": {"t": "Voronezh", "s": "Russian city founded as a fort, later a key shipbuilding center."}, "https://codexery.com/russian-cities/e/russian-cities/vladikavkaz/": {"t": "Vladikavkaz", "s": "Capital of North Ossetia–Alania, at the foothills of the Caucasus."}, "https://codexery.com/other-european-regions/e/other-european-regions/donbas/": {"t": "Donbas", "s": "Historical coal-mining region on the Ukraine–Russia border.", "i": "https://codexery.com/other-european-regions/img/other-european-regions/donbas.webp", "c": "Ліонкінг · CC BY-SA 4.0"}, "https://codexery.com/power-generation/e/power-generation/boiler-power-generation/": {"t": "Boiler (power generation)", "s": "Device creating steam by heating water for power or heat.", "i": "https://codexery.com/power-generation/img/power-generation/boiler-power-generation.webp", "c": "TheDeman · CC BY-SA 3.0"}, "https://codexery.com/airliners/e/airliners/boeing-737/": {"t": "Boeing 737", "s": "The Boeing 737: a four-generation narrow-body airliner that complemented the 727 and became the best-selling commercial aircraft until 2019.", "i": "https://codexery.com/airliners/img/airliners/boeing-737.webp", "c": "Shougissime · CC BY-SA 4.0"}, "https://codexery.com/canals-and-waterways/e/canals-and-waterways/volga-don-canal/": {"t": "Volga–Don Canal", "s": "Canal linking Caspian Sea to world oceans via Volga and Don."}, "https://codexery.com/seas-and-oceans/e/seas-and-oceans/white-sea/": {"t": "White Sea", "s": "Southern inlet of the Barents Sea, key to Russian maritime trade."}, "https://codexery.com/rivers-and-seas-of-the-world/e/rivers-and-seas-of-the-world/baltic-sea/": {"t": "Baltic Sea", "s": "The world's largest brackish water basin, an arm of the Atlantic enclosed by nine countries.", "i": "https://codexery.com/rivers-and-seas-of-the-world/img/rivers-and-seas-of-the-world/baltic-sea.webp", "c": "via Wikipedia: White Sea–Baltic Canal · see source"}, "https://codexery.com/religious-traditions/e/religious-traditions/russian-orthodox-church/": {"t": "Russian Orthodox Church", "s": "Autocephalous Eastern Orthodox church tracing origins to 988.", "i": "https://codexery.com/religious-traditions/img/religious-traditions/russian-orthodox-church.webp", "c": "via Wikipedia: Russian Orthodox Church · see source"}, "https://codexery.com/circus-performance-art/e/circus-and-performance-art/olga-spessivtseva/": {"t": "Olga Spessivtseva", "s": "Olga Alexandrovna Spessivtseva was a Russian ballerina whose professional career lasted from 1913 until 1939.", "i": "https://codexery.com/circus-performance-art/img/circus-and-performance-art/olga-spessivtseva.webp", "c": "Sam Hood · via Wikipedia: Olga Spessivtseva · Public domain"}, "https://codexery.com/seas-and-oceans/e/seas-and-oceans/north-sea/": {"t": "North Sea", "s": "A shallow European shelf sea, rich in history, fisheries, and energy resources."}, "https://codexery.com/rivers-of-europe/e/rivers-of-europe/meuse/": {"t": "Meuse", "s": "Major European river flowing through France, Belgium, and the Netherlands.", "i": "https://codexery.com/rivers-of-europe/img/rivers-of-europe/meuse.webp", "c": "MOSSOT · CC BY-SA 3.0"}, "https://codexery.com/rivers/e/rivers/rhine/": {"t": "Rhine", "s": "Europe's second-longest river, flowing from the Swiss Alps to the North Sea.", "i": "https://codexery.com/rivers/img/rivers/rhine.webp", "c": "Sdkb · CC BY-SA 4.0"}, "https://codexery.com/construction-and-engineering/e/construction-and-engineering/skyscraper/": {"t": "Skyscraper", "s": "Very tall habitable structures, first built in late 19th-century United States.", "i": "https://codexery.com/construction-and-engineering/img/construction-and-engineering/skyscraper.webp", "c": "Vyacheslav Argenberg · CC BY 4.0"}, "https://codexery.com/historical-figures/e/artists/rem-koolhaas/": {"t": "Rem Koolhaas", "s": "Dutch architect, theorist, and urbanist; author of Delirious New York; Pritzker Prize winner.", "i": "https://codexery.com/historical-figures/img/artists/rem-koolhaas.webp", "c": "Strelka Institute for Media, Architecture and Design from Moscow, Russia · via Wikipedia: Rem Koolhaas · CC BY 2.0"}, "https://codexery.com/fifa-world-cup/e/honours/england/": {"t": "England", "s": "Land of the Angles, birthplace of football and the Industrial Revolution."}, "https://codexery.com/european-religious-and-political-conflic/e/european-religious-and-political-conflicts/eighty-years-war/": {"t": "Eighty Years' War", "s": "The Eighty Years' War: A struggle for independence and religious freedom in the Habsburg Netherlands."}, "https://codexery.com/governments-and-political-systems/e/governments-and-political-systems/government-of-the-united-kingdom/": {"t": "Government of the United Kingdom", "s": "Central executive authority of the United Kingdom.", "i": "https://codexery.com/governments-and-political-systems/img/governments-and-political-systems/government-of-the-united-kingdom.webp", "c": "No machine-readable author provided. Nightstallion assumed (based on copyright c · Public domain"}, "https://codexery.com/regions-cultural-spheres/e/regions-and-cultural-spheres/americas/": {"t": "Americas", "s": "The New World landmass spanning from Arctic tundra to tropical rainforests.", "i": "https://codexery.com/regions-cultural-spheres/img/regions-and-cultural-spheres/americas.webp", "c": "GrandEscogriffe · CC BY-SA 4.0"}, "https://codexery.com/rivers-of-europe/e/rivers-of-europe/neva/": {"t": "Neva", "s": "River in northwestern Russia, fourth-largest in Europe by discharge.", "i": "https://codexery.com/rivers-of-europe/img/rivers-of-europe/neva.webp", "c": "Deror_avi · CC BY-SA 4.0"}, "https://codexery.com/castles-in-russia/e/castles-in-russia/nyenschantz/": {"t": "Nyenschantz", "s": "Swedish fortress that became the site of Saint Petersburg."}, "https://codexery.com/international-relations-and-concepts/e/international-relations-and-concepts/great-power/": {"t": "Great power", "s": "Sovereign state with global influence and recognized power status."}, "https://codexery.com/sieges-and-battles/e/sieges-and-battles/siege-of-leningrad/": {"t": "Siege of Leningrad", "s": "The 872-day blockade that starved a city."}, "https://codexery.com/governments-and-political-systems/e/governments-and-political-systems/government-of-russia/": {"t": "Government of Russia", "s": "Highest federal executive body of the Russian Federation.", "i": "https://codexery.com/governments-and-political-systems/img/governments-and-political-systems/government-of-russia.webp", "c": "The Government Bank of the Russian Republic. · Public domain"}, "https://codexery.com/world-heritage-sites-in-russia/e/world-heritage-sites-in-russia/historic-centre-of-saint-petersburg-and-related-groups-of-monuments/": {"t": "Historic Centre of Saint Petersburg and Related Groups of Monuments", "s": "A UNESCO World Heritage Site of Baroque, Neoclassical, and Russian-Byzantine architecture.", "i": "https://codexery.com/world-heritage-sites-in-russia/img/world-heritage-sites-in-russia/historic-centre-of-saint-petersburg-and-related-groups-of-monuments.webp", "c": "Andrey Korchagin · CC BY-SA 2.0"}, "https://codexery.com/philosophers-thinkers/e/philosophers-and-thinkers/paul-the-apostle/": {"t": "Paul the Apostle", "s": "Apostle to the Gentiles and author of many New Testament epistles."}, "https://codexery.com/architectural-landmarks/e/architectural-landmarks/winter-palace/": {"t": "Winter Palace", "s": "The former imperial residence of the Romanovs, now home to the Hermitage Museum.", "i": "https://codexery.com/architectural-landmarks/img/architectural-landmarks/winter-palace.webp", "c": "Godot13 · via Wikipedia: Winter Palace · CC BY-SA 4.0"}, "https://codexery.com/russian-revolution-of-1905/e/russian-revolution-of-1905/petersburg-novel/": {"t": "Petersburg (novel)", "s": "Symbolist novel set in St. Petersburg during the 1905 revolution."}, "https://codexery.com/rivers-of-the-world/e/rivers-of-the-world/pearl-river/": {"t": "Pearl River", "s": "China's third-longest river system, flowing through Guangzhou.", "i": "https://codexery.com/rivers-of-the-world/img/rivers-of-the-world/pearl-river.webp", "c": "via Wikipedia: Pearl River · see source"}, "https://codexery.com/cities/e/modern-metropolis/hong-kong/": {"t": "Hong Kong", "s": "Asia's world city, a global financial hub."}, "https://codexery.com/cities/e/capitals/beijing/": {"t": "Beijing", "s": "The world's most populous national capital, blending millennia of history with cutting-edge innovation."}, "https://codexery.com/cities/e/coastal/singapore/": {"t": "Singapore", "s": "The Lion City, a global hub of trade and finance."}, "https://codexery.com/chinese-history/e/chinese-history/reform-and-opening-up/": {"t": "Reform and opening up", "s": "Economic reforms that transformed China's economy after 1978."}, "https://codexery.com/historical-figures/e/notable/deng-xiaoping/": {"t": "Deng Xiaoping", "s": "Architect of modern China and paramount leader from 1978 to 1989"}, "https://codexery.com/corporations-conglomerates/e/corporations-and-conglomerates/tencent/": {"t": "Tencent", "s": "Chinese tech conglomerate, world's largest video game vendor.", "i": "https://codexery.com/corporations-conglomerates/img/corporations-and-conglomerates/tencent.webp", "c": "Charlie fong · via Wikipedia: Tencent · CC BY-SA 4.0"}, "https://codexery.com/companies-and-conglomerates/e/companies-and-conglomerates/dji/": {"t": "DJI", "s": "Leading the world in consumer drone technology."}, "https://codexery.com/headphones-and-audio-gear/e/headphones-and-audio-gear/oppo/": {"t": "Oppo", "s": "Chinese consumer electronics maker known for smartphones and audio gear."}, "https://codexery.com/ancient-civilizations/e/ancient-civilizations/neolithic/": {"t": "Neolithic", "s": "The New Stone Age: dawn of farming and settlement.", "i": "https://codexery.com/ancient-civilizations/img/ancient-civilizations/neolithic.webp", "c": "Zde · CC BY-SA 4.0"}, "https://codexery.com/pre-columbian-empires/e/pre-columbian-empires/qin-dynasty/": {"t": "Qin dynasty", "s": "First imperial dynasty of China, unifying the Warring States."}, "https://codexery.com/dynasties-and-kingdoms/e/dynasties-and-kingdoms/jin-dynasty-266-420/": {"t": "Jin dynasty (266–420)", "s": "The Jin dynasty: a reunified China divided by civil war and barbarian invasions."}, "https://codexery.com/pre-columbian-empires/e/pre-columbian-empires/sui-dynasty/": {"t": "Sui dynasty", "s": "Brief dynasty that reunified China and shaped the Tang golden age.", "i": "https://codexery.com/pre-columbian-empires/img/pre-columbian-empires/sui-dynasty.webp", "c": "via Wikipedia: Sui dynasty · see source"}, "https://codexery.com/seas-and-oceans/e/seas-and-oceans/south-china-sea/": {"t": "South China Sea", "s": "A marginal sea of the Western Pacific Ocean, vital to global trade and fishing."}, "https://codexery.com/places-in-chinese-mythology/e/places-in-chinese-mythology/taihang-mountains/": {"t": "Taihang Mountains", "s": "A major Chinese mountain range on the Loess Plateau's eastern edge."}, "https://codexery.com/ancient-empires/e/ancient-empires/zhou-dynasty/": {"t": "Zhou dynasty", "s": "Longest-reigning Chinese dynasty, spanning nearly eight centuries."}, "https://codexery.com/taboo/e/taboo/naming-taboo/": {"t": "Naming taboo", "s": "A taboo against using exalted persons' names in China and beyond."}, "https://codexery.com/chinese-emperors-and-leaders/e/chinese-emperors-and-leaders/emperor-wen-of-han/": {"t": "Emperor Wen of Han", "s": "Fifth Han emperor who restored stability after Empress Lü's regency.", "i": "https://codexery.com/chinese-emperors-and-leaders/img/chinese-emperors-and-leaders/emperor-wen-of-han.webp", "c": "Unknown author · Public domain"}, "https://codexery.com/society-and-culture/e/society-and-culture/personal-name/": {"t": "Personal name", "s": "The set of names identifying an individual person or animal."}, "https://codexery.com/provinces-of-indonesia/e/provinces-of-indonesia/east-java/": {"t": "East Java", "s": "Land of Majapahit and Bromo", "i": "https://codexery.com/provinces-of-indonesia/img/provinces-of-indonesia/east-java.webp", "c": "via Wikipedia: Java · see source"}, "https://codexery.com/islands-and-archipelagos/e/islands-and-archipelagos/java/": {"t": "Java", "s": "World's most populous island, center of Indonesian history and culture."}, "https://codexery.com/cities-starting-with-m/e/cities-starting-with-m/makassar/": {"t": "Makassar", "s": "The largest city in Eastern Indonesia and a historic trading port."}, "https://codexery.com/medieval-and-early-modern-asian-empires/e/medieval-and-early-modern-asian-empires/kediri-kingdom/": {"t": "Kediri kingdom", "s": "Hindu-Buddhist Javanese kingdom known for classical literature.", "i": "https://codexery.com/medieval-and-early-modern-asian-empires/img/medieval-and-early-modern-asian-empires/kediri-kingdom.webp", "c": "Photo Dharma from Sadao, Thailand · CC BY 2.0"}, "https://codexery.com/food/e/food/sugar/": {"t": "Sugar", "s": "A class of sweet-tasting, soluble carbohydrates used in food."}, "https://codexery.com/coffee/e/coffee/coffee/": {"t": "Coffee", "s": "A dark, bitter beverage with a global history and stimulating effects.", "i": "https://codexery.com/coffee/img/coffee/coffee.webp", "c": "Bex Walton · via Wikipedia: Coffee · CC BY 2.0"}, "https://codexery.com/pakistani-inventions/e/pakistani-inventions/islamic-banking-and-finance/": {"t": "Islamic banking and finance", "s": "Banking and finance complying with Islamic law, prohibiting interest."}, "https://codexery.com/languages/e/languages/javanese-language/": {"t": "Javanese language", "s": "The largest Austronesian language by native speakers, spoken by over 68 million people primarily in Java, Indonesia."}, "https://codexery.com/former-empires/e/former-empires/mongol-empire/": {"t": "Mongol Empire", "s": "Largest contiguous land empire in history."}, "https://codexery.com/monarchs-and-rulers-of-asia/e/monarchs-and-rulers-of-asia/sultan-agung-of-mataram/": {"t": "Sultan Agung of Mataram", "s": "The Great Sultan of Mataram who expanded Java's empire and fought the Dutch.", "i": "https://codexery.com/monarchs-and-rulers-of-asia/img/monarchs-and-rulers-of-asia/sultan-agung-of-mataram.webp", "c": "Basuki Bawono · via Wikipedia: Sultan Agung of Mataram · CC BY-SA 3.0"}, "https://codexery.com/construction-and-engineering/e/construction-and-engineering/tower-block/": {"t": "Tower block", "s": "Tall residential or office buildings enabled by elevators and modern materials.", "i": "https://codexery.com/construction-and-engineering/img/construction-and-engineering/tower-block.webp", "c": "Tiia Monto · CC BY-SA 3.0"}, "https://codexery.com/languages/e/languages/indonesian-language/": {"t": "Indonesian language", "s": "The official and national language of Indonesia, a standardized variety of Malay spoken by over 97% of the population."}, "https://codexery.com/chinese-classical-poets/e/chinese-classical-poets/wang-wei/": {"t": "Wang Wei", "s": "Tang dynasty poet, painter, musician, and official.", "i": "https://codexery.com/chinese-classical-poets/img/chinese-classical-poets/wang-wei.webp", "c": "via Wikipedia: Wang Wei · see source"}, "https://codexery.com/languages-of-the-world/e/languages-of-the-world/wu-chinese/": {"t": "Wu Chinese", "s": "A major Chinese language group preserving medieval voiced initials."}, "https://codexery.com/canals-and-waterways/e/canals-and-waterways/grand-canal-china/": {"t": "Grand Canal (China)", "s": "The world's longest artificial waterway, linking north and south China for over two millennia."}, "https://codexery.com/world-heritage-sites-in-china/e/world-heritage-sites-in-china/classical-gardens-of-suzhou/": {"t": "Classical Gardens of Suzhou", "s": "A UNESCO World Heritage group of scholar-built gardens in Suzhou, China.", "i": "https://codexery.com/world-heritage-sites-in-china/img/world-heritage-sites-in-china/classical-gardens-of-suzhou.webp", "c": "Francesco Bandarin · CC BY-SA 3.0 igo"}, "https://codexery.com/other-geographic-features/e/other-geographic-features/megalopolis/": {"t": "Megalopolis", "s": "A clustered network of big cities, perceived as a continuous urban area through shared systems."}, "https://codexery.com/flood-myths/e/flood-myths/yu-the-great/": {"t": "Yu the Great", "s": "Legendary founder of China's first dynasty and flood-control hero."}, "https://codexery.com/rivers-of-the-world/e/rivers-of-the-world/yangtze/": {"t": "Yangtze", "s": "Longest river in China, third-longest in the world."}, "https://codexery.com/great-lakes-of-the-world/e/great-lakes-of-the-world/lake-tai/": {"t": "Lake Tai", "s": "Third-largest freshwater lake in China, rich in culture and ecology."}, "https://codexery.com/historical-figures/e/scientists/sima-qian/": {"t": "Sima Qian", "s": "Father of Chinese historiography who endured castration to complete the Shiji."}, "https://codexery.com/writers-poets/e/writers-and-poets/bai-juyi/": {"t": "Bai Juyi", "s": "Tang dynasty poet, politician, and musician known for vernacular verse."}, "https://codexery.com/coastal-marine-geology/e/coastal-and-marine-geology/shoal/": {"t": "Shoal", "s": "Submerged ridge of sand or gravel hazardous to navigation."}, "https://codexery.com/islands-of-the-pacific/e/islands-of-the-pacific/chongming-island/": {"t": "Chongming Island", "s": "Alluvial island at the Yangtze mouth, part of Shanghai.", "i": "https://codexery.com/islands-of-the-pacific/img/islands-of-the-pacific/chongming-island.webp", "c": "via Wikipedia: Chongming Island · see source"}, "https://codexery.com/revolutions-uprisings/e/revolutions-and-uprisings/boxer-rebellion/": {"t": "Boxer Rebellion", "s": "An anti-foreign, anti-imperialist, and anti-Christian uprising in North China (1899–1901) by the Society of Righteous and Harmonious Fists, defeated by the Eigh", "i": "https://codexery.com/revolutions-uprisings/img/revolutions-and-uprisings/boxer-rebellion.webp", "c": "via Wikipedia: Boxer Rebellion · see source"}, "https://codexery.com/natural-disasters/e/natural-disasters/1976-tangshan-earthquake/": {"t": "1976 Tangshan earthquake", "s": "The 1976 Tangshan earthquake: the deadliest in recorded history (excluding the 1556 Shaanxi famine).", "i": "https://codexery.com/natural-disasters/img/natural-disasters/1976-tangshan-earthquake.webp", "c": "From a variety of images credited above. · CC BY 4.0"}, "https://codexery.com/rivers-of-the-world/e/rivers-of-the-world/yellow-river/": {"t": "Yellow River", "s": "Cradle of Chinese civilization, source of devastating floods.", "i": "https://codexery.com/rivers-of-the-world/img/rivers-of-the-world/yellow-river.webp", "c": "via Wikipedia: Yellow River · see source"}, "https://codexery.com/authors-poets/e/authors-and-poets/qu-yuan/": {"t": "Qu Yuan", "s": "Chinese poet and aristocrat of the Warring States period."}, "https://codexery.com/constellations/e/constellations/chinese-constellations/": {"t": "Chinese constellations", "s": "An independent system of Chinese asterisms dating from at least the 5th century BC."}, "https://codexery.com/historical-figures/e/notable/yongle-emperor/": {"t": "Yongle Emperor", "s": "Third emperor of the Ming dynasty, known for moving the capital to Beijing and sponsoring the Yongle Encyclopedia."}, "https://codexery.com/wars-conflicts/e/wars-and-conflicts/second-opium-war/": {"t": "Second Opium War", "s": "Conflict over opium trade and diplomatic rights."}, "https://codexery.com/monarchs-and-rulers-of-asia/e/monarchs-and-rulers-of-asia/xianfeng-emperor/": {"t": "Xianfeng Emperor", "s": "The eighth Qing emperor who faced rebellions and foreign wars, and was the last to rule alone."}, "https://codexery.com/former-empires/e/former-empires/austria-hungary/": {"t": "Austria-Hungary", "s": "A dual monarchy that shaped Central Europe for half a century."}, "https://codexery.com/literary-novels-and-classics/e/literary-novels-and-classics/romance-of-the-three-kingdoms/": {"t": "Romance of the Three Kingdoms", "s": "A 14th-century novel blending history and fiction from China's Three Kingdoms.", "i": "https://codexery.com/literary-novels-and-classics/img/literary-novels-and-classics/romance-of-the-three-kingdoms.webp", "c": "via Wikipedia: Romance of the Three Kingdoms · see source"}, "https://codexery.com/transportation/e/transportation/high-speed-rail/": {"t": "High-speed rail", "s": "Fastest ground-based commercial transport, with no single global definition."}, "/e/cities-on-rivers/nantes/": {"t": "Nantes", "s": "City of the Dukes of Brittany on the Loire"}, "https://codexery.com/space-program-of-france/e/space-program-of-france/cnes/": {"t": "CNES", "s": "French national space agency, Europe's largest such organization."}, "https://codexery.com/space-program-of-france/e/space-program-of-france/thales-alenia-space/": {"t": "Thales Alenia Space", "s": "European joint venture for satellites and space infrastructure."}, "https://codexery.com/flight-instruments-and-avionics/e/flight-instruments-and-avionics/collins-aerospace/": {"t": "Collins Aerospace", "s": "American aerospace and defense supplier, subsidiary of RTX Corporation."}, "https://codexery.com/french-regions/e/french-regions/languedoc/": {"t": "Languedoc", "s": "Former province of France, with no single capital and a complex history of integration."}, "https://codexery.com/medieval-europe/e/medieval-europe/late-middle-ages/": {"t": "Late Middle Ages", "s": "Crisis and transformation in 14th–15th century Europe."}, "https://codexery.com/cultural-and-historical-regions/e/cultural-and-historical-regions/occitania/": {"t": "Occitania", "s": "The historical land of the Occitan language and culture, spanning southern Europe."}, "https://codexery.com/other-european-regions/e/other-european-regions/metropolitan-france/": {"t": "Metropolitan France", "s": "European portion of France, including mainland and Corsica.", "i": "https://codexery.com/other-european-regions/img/other-european-regions/metropolitan-france.webp", "c": "via Wikipedia: Metropolitan France · see source"}, "https://codexery.com/canals-and-artificial-waterways/e/canals-and-artificial-waterways/canal-du-midi/": {"t": "Canal du Midi", "s": "17th-century canal linking Atlantic and Mediterranean in southern France."}, "https://codexery.com/languages-and-dialects/e/languages-and-dialects/greek-language/": {"t": "Greek language", "s": "Greek is the world's oldest recorded living language."}, "https://codexery.com/dynasties-and-kingdoms/e/dynasties-and-kingdoms/roman-republic/": {"t": "Roman Republic", "s": "Elective oligarchy that dominated the Mediterranean through near-constant war."}, "https://codexery.com/historical-figures/e/notable/augustus/": {"t": "Augustus", "s": "Founder of the Roman Empire and its first emperor."}, "https://codexery.com/former-empires/e/former-empires/francia/": {"t": "Francia", "s": "Largest post-Roman kingdom in Western Europe, founded by Clovis I."}, "https://codexery.com/french-regions/e/french-regions/aquitaine/": {"t": "Aquitaine", "s": "Historical region of southwestern France, former kingdom and duchy."}, "https://codexery.com/european-medieval-monarchs/e/european-medieval-monarchs/charles-vii-of-france/": {"t": "Charles VII of France", "s": "King of France who ended the Hundred Years' War."}, "https://codexery.com/cities-of-the-world/e/cities-of-the-world/bordeaux/": {"t": "Bordeaux", "s": "Port city and world capital of wine in southwestern France.", "i": "https://codexery.com/cities-of-the-world/img/cities-of-the-world/bordeaux.webp", "c": "David.J Janssen · CC BY-SA 4.0"}, "https://codexery.com/world-heritage-sites-in-france/e/world-heritage-sites-in-france/basilica-of-saint-sernin-toulouse/": {"t": "Basilica of Saint-Sernin, Toulouse", "s": "Romanesque pilgrimage church with notable sculpture and relics."}, "https://codexery.com/architectural-styles-and-elements/e/architectural-styles-and-elements/romanesque-architecture/": {"t": "Romanesque architecture", "s": "First pan-European architectural style since Imperial Roman architecture.", "i": "https://codexery.com/architectural-styles-and-elements/img/architectural-styles-and-elements/romanesque-architecture.webp", "c": "Txllxt TxllxT · CC BY-SA 4.0"}, "https://codexery.com/buddhist-relics/e/buddhist-relics/pha-that-luang/": {"t": "Pha That Luang", "s": "Gold-covered Buddhist stupa in Vientiane, Laos."}, "https://codexery.com/cities-starting-with-l/e/cities-starting-with-l/luang-prabang/": {"t": "Luang Prabang", "s": "Royal Buddha Image city in north-central Laos, a UNESCO World Heritage Site blending Lao and colonial architecture."}, "https://codexery.com/lost-civilizations/e/lost-civilizations/angkor-and-the-khmer-empire/": {"t": "Angkor and the Khmer Empire", "s": "The Khmer Empire: a hydraulic civilisation centred on Angkor, lasting from 802 to 1431 AD."}, "https://codexery.com/monarchs-and-rulers-of-asia/e/monarchs-and-rulers-of-asia/sisavang-vong/": {"t": "Sisavang Vong", "s": "Last ruler of Luang Prabang and founding king of the Kingdom of Laos.", "i": "https://codexery.com/monarchs-and-rulers-of-asia/img/monarchs-and-rulers-of-asia/sisavang-vong.webp", "c": "via Wikipedia: Sisavang Vong · see source"}, "https://codexery.com/shortwave-and-numbers-stations/e/shortwave-and-numbers-stations/china-radio-international/": {"t": "China Radio International", "s": "State-owned international radio broadcaster of the People's Republic of China.", "i": "https://codexery.com/shortwave-and-numbers-stations/img/shortwave-and-numbers-stations/china-radio-international.webp", "c": "N509FZ · CC BY-SA 4.0"}, "https://codexery.com/rivers/e/rivers/volga/": {"t": "Volga", "s": "Europe's longest river, flowing through Russia into the Caspian Sea."}, "https://codexery.com/world-war-ii-and-its-aftermath/e/world-war-ii-and-its-aftermath/axis-powers/": {"t": "Axis powers", "s": "Military coalition that initiated World War II against the Allies.", "i": "https://codexery.com/world-war-ii-and-its-aftermath/img/world-war-ii-and-its-aftermath/axis-powers.webp", "c": "Sr L · CC0"}, "https://codexery.com/sculptures-and-statues/e/sculptures-and-statues/the-motherland-calls/": {"t": "The Motherland Calls", "s": "Colossal Soviet war memorial on Mamayev Kurgan in Volgograd."}, "https://codexery.com/leaders-of-revolution-and-independence/e/leaders-of-revolution-and-independence/vladimir-lenin/": {"t": "Vladimir Lenin", "s": "First head of Soviet Russia and founder of Leninism.", "i": "https://codexery.com/leaders-of-revolution-and-independence/img/leaders-of-revolution-and-independence/vladimir-lenin.webp", "c": "via Wikipedia: Vladimir Lenin · see source"}, "https://codexery.com/greek-inventions/e/greek-inventions/theatre/": {"t": "Theatre", "s": "Collaborative live performance art before an audience."}, "https://codexery.com/infectious-diseases/e/infectious-diseases/cholera/": {"t": "Cholera", "s": "An infection of the small intestine by Vibrio cholerae, causing watery diarrhea and dehydration."}, "https://codexery.com/social-identity-prejudice/e/social-identity-and-prejudice/antisemitism/": {"t": "Antisemitism", "s": "Hostility or prejudice against Jews."}, "https://codexery.com/fifa-world-cup/e/honours/poland/": {"t": "Poland", "s": "A Central European nation with a rich history, from the Piast dynasty to the Solidarity movement."}, "https://codexery.com/rivers/e/rivers/vistula/": {"t": "Vistula", "s": "Poland's longest river and a national symbol of cultural identity."}, "https://codexery.com/world-heritage-sites-in-poland/e/world-heritage-sites-in-poland/krak-w/": {"t": "Kraków", "s": "Historic royal capital and UNESCO World Heritage city in southern Poland."}, "https://codexery.com/dynasties-and-kingdoms/e/dynasties-and-kingdoms/polish-lithuanian-commonwealth/": {"t": "Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth", "s": "A semi-federal, semi-confederal real union of Poland and Lithuania created in 1569."}, "https://codexery.com/world-war-ii-campaigns-and-atrocities/e/world-war-ii-campaigns-and-atrocities/invasion-of-poland/": {"t": "Invasion of Poland", "s": "Joint invasion that started World War II.", "i": "https://codexery.com/world-war-ii-campaigns-and-atrocities/img/world-war-ii-campaigns-and-atrocities/invasion-of-poland.webp", "c": "The National Archives UK · No restrictions"}, "https://codexery.com/cultural-and-historical-regions/e/cultural-and-historical-regions/eastern-europe/": {"t": "Eastern Europe", "s": "A contested subregion with shifting cultural and political boundaries."}, "https://codexery.com/world-heritage-sites-in-poland/e/world-heritage-sites-in-poland/old-town-warsaw/": {"t": "Old Town, Warsaw", "s": "Reconstructed historic core of Warsaw, a UNESCO World Heritage site."}, "https://codexery.com/languages-and-writing-systems/e/languages-and-writing-systems/polish-language/": {"t": "Polish language", "s": "A West Slavic language with a rich literary tradition and over 39.7 million native speakers."}, "/e/cities-on-rivers/wroc-aw/": {"t": "Wrocław", "s": "Historical capital of Silesia on the Oder River."}, "https://codexery.com/misconceptions/e/misconceptions/false-etymology/": {"t": "False etymology", "s": "False etymologies are incorrect theories about word origins."}, "https://codexery.com/mermaids/e/mermaids/wars-and-sawa/": {"t": "Wars and Sawa", "s": "Legendary figures from the origin myth of Warsaw."}, "https://codexery.com/architectural-styles-and-landmarks/e/architectural-styles-and-landmarks/italian-architecture/": {"t": "Italian architecture", "s": "A 19th-century phase of Classical architecture inspired by 16th-century Italian Renaissance models."}, "https://codexery.com/other-geographic-features/e/other-geographic-features/metropolitan-area/": {"t": "Metropolitan area", "s": "A region of dense urban core and integrated surrounding territories."}, "https://codexery.com/stock-markets-finance/e/stock-markets-and-finance/stock-exchange/": {"t": "Stock exchange", "s": "A marketplace for trading securities, evolving from open outcry to electronic networks."}, "https://codexery.com/rivers-of-europe/e/rivers-of-europe/oder/": {"t": "Oder", "s": "Central European river forming part of the Oder–Neisse line.", "i": "https://codexery.com/rivers-of-europe/img/rivers-of-europe/oder.webp", "c": "H Runge · CC BY-SA 4.0"}, "https://codexery.com/dynasties-and-kingdoms/e/dynasties-and-kingdoms/kingdom-of-bohemia/": {"t": "Kingdom of Bohemia", "s": "A medieval and early modern monarchy in Central Europe, predecessor of the modern Czech Republic."}, "https://codexery.com/early-modern-state-formation-and-dynasti/e/early-modern-state-formation-and-dynasties/habsburg-monarchy/": {"t": "Habsburg monarchy", "s": "A composite monarchy ruled by the House of Habsburg across Europe.", "i": "https://codexery.com/early-modern-state-formation-and-dynasti/img/early-modern-state-formation-and-dynasties/habsburg-monarchy.webp", "c": "ThrashedParanoid and Peregrine981. · via Wikipedia: Habsburg monarchy · Public domain"}, "https://codexery.com/states-of-the-german-empire/e/states-of-the-german-empire/kingdom-of-prussia/": {"t": "Kingdom of Prussia", "s": "German state that unified Germany and dominated the German Empire."}, "https://codexery.com/german-empire/e/german-empire/german-reich/": {"t": "German Reich", "s": "The constitutional name for the German nation state from 1871 to 1945."}, "https://codexery.com/historical-eras/e/historical-eras/migration-period/": {"t": "Migration Period", "s": "Era of large-scale migrations reshaping post-Roman Europe.", "i": "https://codexery.com/historical-eras/img/historical-eras/migration-period.webp", "c": "via Wikipedia: Migration Period · see source"}, "https://codexery.com/ethnic-indigenous-groups/e/ethnic-and-indigenous-groups/west-slavs/": {"t": "West Slavs", "s": "West Slavs: Slavic peoples speaking West Slavic languages, with a history of early medieval states and cultural ties to Latin Christianity."}, "https://codexery.com/medieval-europe/e/medieval-europe/piast-dynasty/": {"t": "Piast dynasty", "s": "First historical ruling dynasty of Poland, from c."}, "https://codexery.com/christian-church-bodies/e/christian-church-bodies/diocese/": {"t": "Diocese", "s": "Ecclesiastical district under a bishop's jurisdiction."}, "https://codexery.com/historical-figures/e/notable/boles-aw-i-the-brave/": {"t": "Bolesław I the Brave", "s": "First King of Poland, unifier and expander of the realm."}, "https://codexery.com/european-medieval-monarchs/e/european-medieval-monarchs/boles-aw-iii-wrymouth/": {"t": "Bolesław III Wrymouth", "s": "Duke who conquered Pomerania and divided Poland among his sons."}, "/e/cities-on-rivers/quanzhou/": {"t": "Quanzhou", "s": "Quanzhou: Ancient port of the Maritime Silk Road."}, "https://codexery.com/ethnic-groups/e/ethnic-groups/overseas-chinese/": {"t": "Overseas Chinese", "s": "People of Chinese ancestry living and working outside Greater China."}, "https://codexery.com/african-and-asian-leaders/e/african-and-asian-leaders/koxinga/": {"t": "Koxinga", "s": "Southern Ming general who expelled the Dutch from Taiwan."}, "https://codexery.com/monarchs-and-rulers-of-asia/e/monarchs-and-rulers-of-asia/shunzhi-emperor/": {"t": "Shunzhi Emperor", "s": "Second Qing emperor and first to rule China proper.", "i": "https://codexery.com/monarchs-and-rulers-of-asia/img/monarchs-and-rulers-of-asia/shunzhi-emperor.webp", "c": "via Wikipedia: Shunzhi Emperor · see source"}, "https://codexery.com/lines-hemispheres/e/lines-and-hemispheres/tropic-of-cancer/": {"t": "Tropic of Cancer", "s": "The northernmost circle where the Sun stands directly overhead."}, "https://codexery.com/geomorphology/e/geomorphology/land-reclamation/": {"t": "Land reclamation", "s": "Creating new land from water bodies for human use.", "i": "https://codexery.com/geomorphology/img/geomorphology/land-reclamation.webp", "c": "Fabian Horst · CC BY-SA 4.0"}, "https://codexery.com/dynasties-and-kingdoms/e/dynasties-and-kingdoms/portuguese-empire/": {"t": "Portuguese Empire", "s": "The first and longest-lasting European colonial empire, spanning nearly 600 years from 1415 to 1999."}, "https://codexery.com/early-modern-state-formation-and-dynasti/e/early-modern-state-formation-and-dynasties/eight-banners/": {"t": "Eight Banners", "s": "Administrative and military divisions of the Later Jin and Qing dynasties.", "i": "https://codexery.com/early-modern-state-formation-and-dynasti/img/early-modern-state-formation-and-dynasties/eight-banners.webp", "c": "via Wikipedia: Eight Banners · see source"}, "https://codexery.com/overseas-empires/e/overseas-empires/dutch-colonial-empire/": {"t": "Dutch colonial empire", "s": "Global trading empire spanning Asia, Africa, and the Americas."}, "https://codexery.com/former-dutch-colonies/e/former-dutch-colonies/dutch-formosa/": {"t": "Dutch Formosa", "s": "Dutch colonial rule on Taiwan from 1624 to 1662.", "i": "https://codexery.com/former-dutch-colonies/img/former-dutch-colonies/dutch-formosa.webp", "c": "via Wikipedia: Dutch Formosa · see source"}, "https://codexery.com/exploration-colonization/e/exploration-and-colonization/east-india-company/": {"t": "East India Company", "s": "Chartered company that ruled large parts of India and dominated key trade routes.", "i": "https://codexery.com/exploration-colonization/img/exploration-and-colonization/east-india-company.webp", "c": "John Bruce · Public domain"}, "https://codexery.com/chinese-history/e/chinese-history/taiwan-under-japanese-rule/": {"t": "Taiwan under Japanese rule", "s": "The period of Japanese rule over Taiwan began in 1895 after the Qing dynasty ceded Fujian-Taiwan Province to Japan in the Treaty of Shimonoseki, following Japan"}, "https://codexery.com/buddhist-relics/e/buddhist-relics/sule-pagoda/": {"t": "Sule Pagoda", "s": "Ancient stupa at the heart of Yangon's politics."}, "https://codexery.com/buddhist-relics/e/buddhist-relics/shwedagon-pagoda/": {"t": "Shwedagon Pagoda", "s": "Myanmar's most sacred Buddhist pagoda, gilded and ancient."}, "https://codexery.com/cities/e/landmark-cities/bangkok/": {"t": "Bangkok", "s": "City of Angels"}, "https://codexery.com/dynasties-and-kingdoms/e/dynasties-and-kingdoms/konbaung-dynasty/": {"t": "Konbaung dynasty", "s": "The last dynasty of Burma, from 1752 to 1885."}, "https://codexery.com/cities-starting-with-m/e/cities-starting-with-m/mawlamyine/": {"t": "Mawlamyine", "s": "First capital of British Burma and historic Mon port city."}, "https://codexery.com/revolutions-and-conflicts/e/revolutions-and-conflicts/indian-rebellion-of-1857/": {"t": "Indian Rebellion of 1857", "s": "A mutiny that became a rebellion, reshaping an empire.", "i": "https://codexery.com/revolutions-and-conflicts/img/revolutions-and-conflicts/indian-rebellion-of-1857.webp", "c": "Unknown authorUnknown author Cambridge University Press; Stanford's Geogl. Estabt.. · via Wikipedia: Indian Rebellion of 1857 · Public domain"}, "https://codexery.com/pre-columbian-empires/e/pre-columbian-empires/mughal-empire/": {"t": "Mughal Empire", "s": "An early modern empire in South Asia, founded in 1526."}}