{"https://codexery.com/composers/e/great-composers/felix-mendelssohn/": {"t": "Felix Mendelssohn", "s": "German Romantic composer who revived Bach and wrote the 'Wedding March'.", "i": "https://codexery.com/composers/img/great-composers/felix-mendelssohn.webp", "c": "via Wikipedia: Felix Mendelssohn · see source"}, "https://codexery.com/composers/e/great-composers/robert-schumann/": {"t": "Robert Schumann", "s": "German Romantic composer, pianist, and music critic.", "i": "https://codexery.com/composers/img/great-composers/robert-schumann.webp", "c": "via Wikipedia: Robert Schumann · see source"}, "https://codexery.com/opera-composers/e/opera-composers/arthur-sullivan/": {"t": "Arthur Sullivan", "s": "English composer of Gilbert and Sullivan comic operas.", "i": "https://codexery.com/opera-composers/img/opera-composers/arthur-sullivan.webp", "c": "via Wikipedia: Arthur Sullivan · see source"}, "https://codexery.com/cathedrals/e/great-cathedrals/westminster-abbey/": {"t": "Westminster Abbey", "s": "A royal peculiar and national Valhalla.", "i": "https://codexery.com/cathedrals/img/great-cathedrals/westminster-abbey.webp", "c": "via Wikipedia: Westminster Abbey · see source"}, "https://codexery.com/english-counties/e/english-counties/yorkshire/": {"t": "Yorkshire", "s": "God's own country"}, "https://codexery.com/notable-buildings-and-monuments/e/notable-buildings-and-monuments/king-s-college-chapel-cambridge/": {"t": "King's College Chapel, Cambridge", "s": "A masterpiece of Perpendicular Gothic architecture and home to the world's largest fan vault.", "i": "https://codexery.com/notable-buildings-and-monuments/img/notable-buildings-and-monuments/king-s-college-chapel-cambridge.webp", "c": "Christian Richardt · via Wikipedia: King's College Chapel, Cambridge · CC BY-SA 3.0"}, "https://codexery.com/classical-music/e/classical-music/the-marriage-of-figaro/": {"t": "The Marriage of Figaro", "s": "The Marriage of Figaro (Italian: Le nozze di Figaro, pronounced [le ˈnɔttse di ˈfiːɡaro]), K."}, "https://codexery.com/literary-works/e/literary-works/the-tempest/": {"t": "The Tempest", "s": "A tale of magic, betrayal, and forgiveness on a remote island."}, "https://codexery.com/castles/e/castles/windsor-castle/": {"t": "Windsor Castle", "s": "A royal residence embodying almost a millennium of architectural history."}, "https://codexery.com/authors-poets/e/authors-and-poets/lord-byron/": {"t": "Lord Byron", "s": "British Romantic poet and satirist, known for Don Juan and Childe Harold's Pilgrimage.", "i": "https://codexery.com/authors-poets/img/authors-and-poets/lord-byron.webp", "c": "Thomas Phillips · via Wikipedia: Lord Byron · Public domain"}, "https://codexery.com/music-theory-and-composition/e/music-theory-and-composition/oratorio/": {"t": "Oratorio", "s": "Sacred musical drama with minimal staging, often performed in concert form."}, "https://codexery.com/composers/e/great-composers/ludwig-van-beethoven/": {"t": "Ludwig van Beethoven", "s": "German composer whose work bridged Classical and Romantic eras.", "i": "https://codexery.com/composers/img/great-composers/ludwig-van-beethoven.webp", "c": "Joseph Karl Stieler · via Wikipedia: Ludwig van Beethoven · Public domain"}, "https://codexery.com/composers/e/great-composers/frederic-chopin/": {"t": "Frederic Chopin", "s": "Polish composer and pianist of the early Romantic period.", "i": "https://codexery.com/composers/img/great-composers/frederic-chopin.webp", "c": "via Wikipedia: Heart of Frédéric Chopin · see source"}, "https://codexery.com/composers-and-songwriters/e/composers-and-songwriters/clara-schumann/": {"t": "Clara Schumann", "s": "German virtuoso pianist, composer, and influential piano teacher."}, "https://codexery.com/composers-musicians/e/composers-and-musicians/henry-purcell/": {"t": "Henry Purcell", "s": "English Baroque composer and organist of the middle Baroque era.", "i": "https://codexery.com/composers-musicians/img/composers-and-musicians/henry-purcell.webp", "c": "via Wikipedia: Henry Purcell · see source"}, "https://codexery.com/rivers-of-europe/e/rivers-of-europe/river-thames/": {"t": "River Thames", "s": "Longest river entirely in England, flowing through London."}, "https://codexery.com/english-counties/e/english-counties/hertfordshire/": {"t": "Hertfordshire", "s": "The county of deer crossings and garden cities."}, "https://codexery.com/music-theory/e/music-theory/musical-composition/": {"t": "Musical composition", "s": "The art of creating original musical works."}, "https://codexery.com/jazz-influenced-classical-composers/e/jazz-influenced-classical-composers/richard-rodney-bennett/": {"t": "Richard Rodney Bennett", "s": "English composer and pianist known for versatility across classical, jazz, and film."}, "https://codexery.com/sports-and-recreation/e/sports-and-recreation/collecting/": {"t": "Collecting", "s": "Collecting is a hobby with ancient roots and modern global reach."}, "https://codexery.com/regions-of-england/e/regions-of-england/essex/": {"t": "Essex", "s": "Ceremonial county in South East England with ancient woodland and long coastline."}, "https://codexery.com/composers/e/great-composers/wolfgang-amadeus-mozart/": {"t": "Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart", "s": "Classical composer and child prodigy who completed over 800 works.", "i": "https://codexery.com/composers/img/great-composers/wolfgang-amadeus-mozart.webp", "c": "via Wikipedia: Death of Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart · see source"}, "https://codexery.com/classical-music/e/classical-music/the-magic-flute/": {"t": "The Magic Flute", "s": "Mozart's last opera, a Singspiel with spoken dialogue."}, "https://codexery.com/english-counties/e/english-counties/sussex/": {"t": "Sussex", "s": "The historic kingdom and county of the South Saxons."}, "https://codexery.com/english-counties/e/english-counties/oxfordshire/": {"t": "Oxfordshire", "s": "A ceremonial county in South East England, home to the University of Oxford and the Cotswolds."}, "https://codexery.com/english-counties/e/english-counties/gloucestershire/": {"t": "Gloucestershire", "s": "A ceremonial county in South West England, bisected by the River Severn and home to the Cotswolds, Forest of Dean, and Wye Valley."}, "https://codexery.com/revolutions-and-conflicts/e/revolutions-and-conflicts/world-war-i/": {"t": "World War I", "s": "The First World War, a global conflict from 1914 to 1918, was fought between the Allied and Central Powers."}, "https://codexery.com/historical-figures/e/notable/edward-elgar/": {"t": "Edward Elgar", "s": "English composer of orchestral and choral works."}, "https://codexery.com/opera-and-musical-theatre/e/opera-and-musical-theatre/don-giovanni/": {"t": "Don Giovanni", "s": "Mozart and Da Ponte's opera about a libertine's supernatural downfall.", "i": "https://codexery.com/opera-and-musical-theatre/img/opera-and-musical-theatre/don-giovanni.webp", "c": "via Wikipedia: Don Giovanni · see source"}, "https://codexery.com/opera-singers/e/opera-singers/joan-sutherland/": {"t": "Joan Sutherland", "s": "Australian soprano who revived bel canto and was called La Stupenda."}, "https://codexery.com/opera-singers/e/opera-singers/nellie-melba/": {"t": "Nellie Melba", "s": "Australian soprano who became a leading voice of her era."}, "https://codexery.com/major-wars/e/major-wars/second-world-war/": {"t": "Second World War", "s": "Global conflict between Allies and Axis, deadliest in history."}, "https://codexery.com/poets-and-lyricists/e/poets-and-lyricists/rupert-brooke/": {"t": "Rupert Brooke", "s": "English poet of idealistic war sonnets"}, "https://codexery.com/regions-of-england/e/regions-of-england/surrey/": {"t": "Surrey", "s": "A historic county in South East England with dense woodland."}, "https://codexery.com/fifa-world-cup/e/culture/london/": {"t": "London", "s": "A global city on the Thames, London blends nearly 2,000 years of history with a vibrant, multicultural present."}, "https://codexery.com/english-counties/e/english-counties/middlesex/": {"t": "Middlesex", "s": "Historic county of England, largely now part of Greater London."}, "https://codexery.com/legal-systems-concepts/e/legal-systems-and-concepts/canon-law/": {"t": "Canon law", "s": "The internal legal system governing Christian churches, with roots in ancient church councils."}, "https://codexery.com/historical-figures/e/notable/pope-alexander-vi/": {"t": "Pope Alexander VI", "s": "The controversial Renaissance pope from the Borgia family."}, "https://codexery.com/branches-of-christianity/e/branches-of-christianity/catholic-church/": {"t": "Catholic Church", "s": "The largest Christian church, with 1.28 to 1.41 billion baptized members.", "i": "https://codexery.com/branches-of-christianity/img/branches-of-christianity/catholic-church.webp", "c": "via Wikipedia: Christianity by country · see source"}, "https://codexery.com/people-with-m-ni-re-s-disease/e/people-with-m-ni-re-s-disease/martin-luther/": {"t": "Martin Luther", "s": "German theologian who initiated the Protestant Reformation."}, "https://codexery.com/christian-reformers-and-mystics/e/christian-reformers-and-mystics/william-tyndale/": {"t": "William Tyndale", "s": "English biblical scholar and translator executed for heresy."}, "https://codexery.com/christian-church-bodies/e/christian-church-bodies/archbishop-of-canterbury/": {"t": "Archbishop of Canterbury", "s": "Senior bishop and primate of the Church of England, spiritual leader of the Anglican Communion."}, "https://codexery.com/european-prime-ministers-and-statesmen/e/european-prime-ministers-and-statesmen/pope-leo-x/": {"t": "Pope Leo X", "s": "Pope Leo X was the last pope not to have been in priestly orders at the time of his election."}, "https://codexery.com/regions-of-england/e/regions-of-england/devon/": {"t": "Devon", "s": "Ceremonial county in South West England with two coastlines."}, "https://codexery.com/international-law-diplomacy/e/international-law-and-diplomacy/royal-prerogative/": {"t": "Royal prerogative", "s": "Customary authority of the sovereign exercised on ministerial advice.", "i": "https://codexery.com/international-law-diplomacy/img/international-law-and-diplomacy/royal-prerogative.webp", "c": "Martin Falbisoner · CC BY-SA 3.0"}, "https://codexery.com/governments-and-political-systems/e/governments-and-political-systems/house-of-commons-of-the-united-kingdom/": {"t": "House of Commons of the United Kingdom", "s": "Elected lower house of the UK Parliament, holding government to account.", "i": "https://codexery.com/governments-and-political-systems/img/governments-and-political-systems/house-of-commons-of-the-united-kingdom.webp", "c": "©UK Parliament/Jessica Taylor · CC BY 3.0"}, "https://codexery.com/jurists-and-legal-scholars/e/jurists-and-legal-scholars/edward-coke/": {"t": "Edward Coke", "s": "The greatest jurist of the Elizabethan and Jacobean eras", "i": "https://codexery.com/jurists-and-legal-scholars/img/jurists-and-legal-scholars/edward-coke.webp", "c": "via Wikipedia: Edward Coke · see source"}, "https://codexery.com/musical-genres-and-styles/e/musical-genres-and-styles/baroque-music/": {"t": "Baroque music", "s": "Baroque music formalized common-practice tonality and saw the creation of the modern orchestra.", "i": "https://codexery.com/musical-genres-and-styles/img/musical-genres-and-styles/baroque-music.webp", "c": "U. S. Army Old Guard Fife and Drum Corps · Public domain"}, "https://codexery.com/universal-music-group/e/universal-music-group/hyperion-records/": {"t": "Hyperion Records", "s": "British classical label known for rare and complete repertoire recordings."}, "https://codexery.com/music-genres-styles/e/music-genres-and-styles/medieval-music/": {"t": "Medieval music", "s": "First and longest major era of Western classical music."}, "https://codexery.com/composers-and-songwriters/e/composers-and-songwriters/benjamin-britten/": {"t": "Benjamin Britten", "s": "English composer, conductor, and pianist (1913–1976)"}, "https://codexery.com/composers/e/great-composers/johann-sebastian-bach/": {"t": "Johann Sebastian Bach", "s": "Master of counterpoint and Baroque composition", "i": "https://codexery.com/composers/img/great-composers/johann-sebastian-bach.webp", "c": "via Wikipedia: List of compositions by Johann Sebastian Bach · see source"}, "https://codexery.com/historical-figures/e/notable/claudio-monteverdi/": {"t": "Claudio Monteverdi", "s": "Italian composer and pioneer of opera, bridging Renaissance and Baroque."}, "https://codexery.com/renaissance-and-baroque-masters/e/renaissance-and-baroque-masters/john-dowland/": {"t": "John Dowland", "s": "English Renaissance composer of melancholy lute songs and consort music."}, "https://codexery.com/composers/e/great-composers/george-frideric-handel/": {"t": "George Frideric Handel", "s": "German-British Baroque composer known for operas, oratorios, and anthems.", "i": "https://codexery.com/composers/img/great-composers/george-frideric-handel.webp", "c": "via Wikipedia: George Frideric Handel · see source"}, "https://codexery.com/religious-practices-and-symbols/e/religious-practices-and-symbols/baptism/": {"t": "Baptism", "s": "Christian rite of initiation using water, with varied modes and meanings.", "i": "https://codexery.com/religious-practices-and-symbols/img/religious-practices-and-symbols/baptism.webp", "c": "Confidence24 · CC BY-SA 4.0"}, "https://codexery.com/historical-figures/e/notable/charles-i-of-england/": {"t": "Charles I of England", "s": "King of England, Scotland, and Ireland executed after civil war."}, "https://codexery.com/composers-musicians/e/composers-and-musicians/glenn-gould/": {"t": "Glenn Gould", "s": "Canadian pianist renowned for Bach interpretations and eccentricities.", "i": "https://codexery.com/composers-musicians/img/composers-and-musicians/glenn-gould.webp", "c": "via Wikipedia: Glenn Gould · see source"}, "https://codexery.com/cathedrals/e/great-cathedrals/canterbury-cathedral/": {"t": "Canterbury Cathedral", "s": "Mother church of the Anglican Communion, site of Becket's martyrdom.", "i": "https://codexery.com/cathedrals/img/great-cathedrals/canterbury-cathedral.webp", "c": "via Wikipedia: Canterbury Cathedral · see source"}, "https://codexery.com/people-of-stirling-castle/e/people-of-stirling-castle/henry-frederick-prince-of-wales/": {"t": "Henry Frederick, Prince of Wales", "s": "Eldest son of James VI and I, died young."}, "https://codexery.com/playwrights-and-dramatists/e/playwrights-and-dramatists/ben-jonson/": {"t": "Ben Jonson", "s": "English playwright, poet and actor of the Renaissance.", "i": "https://codexery.com/playwrights-and-dramatists/img/playwrights-and-dramatists/ben-jonson.webp", "c": "via Wikipedia: Ben Jonson · see source"}, "https://codexery.com/duchies-and-electorates-of-the-holy-roma/e/duchies-and-electorates-of-the-holy-roman-empire/electoral-palatinate/": {"t": "Electoral Palatinate", "s": "A key electoral state of the Holy Roman Empire."}, "https://codexery.com/other-european-regions/e/other-european-regions/low-countries/": {"t": "Low Countries", "s": "Historical coastal lowland region forming the Benelux countries.", "i": "https://codexery.com/other-european-regions/img/other-european-regions/low-countries.webp", "c": "via Wikipedia: Low Countries · see source"}, "https://codexery.com/european-religious-and-political-conflic/e/european-religious-and-political-conflicts/english-reformation/": {"t": "English Reformation", "s": "Break from papal authority and Catholic doctrine in England."}, "https://codexery.com/modernist-20th-century-composers/e/modernist-and-20th-century-composers/anton-webern/": {"t": "Anton Webern", "s": "Austrian composer of radical atonal and twelve-tone music.", "i": "https://codexery.com/modernist-20th-century-composers/img/modernist-and-20th-century-composers/anton-webern.webp", "c": "via Wikipedia: Anton Webern · see source"}, "https://codexery.com/instruments/e/musical-instruments/the-violin/": {"t": "The Violin", "s": "A 2005 Mexican drama film directed by Francisco Vargas.", "i": "https://codexery.com/instruments/img/musical-instruments/the-violin.webp", "c": "unknown, released with CC0 license by Smithsonian · CC0"}, "https://codexery.com/classical-composers-and-instrumentalists/e/classical-composers-and-instrumentalists/john-eliot-gardiner/": {"t": "John Eliot Gardiner", "s": "English conductor known for period-instrument performances.", "i": "https://codexery.com/classical-composers-and-instrumentalists/img/classical-composers-and-instrumentalists/john-eliot-gardiner.webp", "c": "John_Eliot_Gardiner_at_rehearsal_in_Wroclaw.jpg: Maciej Schumacher (Goździelewski) · via Wikipedia: John Eliot Gardiner · CC BY-SA 3.0"}, "https://codexery.com/angel-records-artists/e/angel-records-artists/roger-norrington/": {"t": "Roger Norrington", "s": "English conductor of historically informed baroque, classical, and romantic music."}, "https://codexery.com/classical-virtuosos/e/classical-virtuosos/simon-rattle/": {"t": "Simon Rattle", "s": "British conductor who led the Berlin Philharmonic from 2002 to 2018."}, "https://codexery.com/cities/e/coastal/amsterdam/": {"t": "Amsterdam", "s": "Venice of the North"}, "https://codexery.com/composers-and-songwriters/e/composers-and-songwriters/aaron-copland/": {"t": "Aaron Copland", "s": "Dean of American Music"}, "https://codexery.com/medical-specialties/e/medical-specialties/pediatrics/": {"t": "Pediatrics", "s": "Branch of medicine for the medical care of children and young adults."}, "https://codexery.com/infectious-diseases/e/infectious-diseases/tuberculosis/": {"t": "Tuberculosis", "s": "A contagious bacterial disease, historically called consumption, that remains a global killer."}, "https://codexery.com/historical-figures/e/artists/christopher-wren/": {"t": "Christopher Wren", "s": "English architect, astronomer, mathematician and physicist; master of English Baroque; rebuilt 52 churches after the Great Fire of London.", "i": "https://codexery.com/historical-figures/img/artists/christopher-wren.webp", "c": "Godfrey Kneller · via Wikipedia: Christopher Wren · Public domain"}, "https://codexery.com/human-variation-and-health/e/human-variation-and-health/medical-doctor/": {"t": "Medical doctor", "s": "Health professional who practices medicine to promote and restore health."}, "https://codexery.com/instruments/e/musical-instruments/the-cello/": {"t": "The Cello", "s": "Bowed string instrument of the violin family, second largest in orchestra."}, "https://codexery.com/historical-figures/e/notable/dmitri-shostakovich/": {"t": "Dmitri Shostakovich", "s": "Soviet-era composer and pianist, known for his complex relationship with the Soviet government and his 15 symphonies."}, "https://codexery.com/itv-original-programming/e/itv-original-programming/classic-brit-awards/": {"t": "Classic Brit Awards", "s": "Annual UK awards for classical and crossover music."}, "https://codexery.com/english-counties/e/english-counties/dorset/": {"t": "Dorset", "s": "A ceremonial county in South West England with a varied landscape and a coastline largely part of the Jurassic Coast World Heritage Site."}, "https://codexery.com/leaders-and-monarchs/e/leaders-and-monarchs/margaret-thatcher/": {"t": "Margaret Thatcher", "s": "First female UK Prime Minister, architect of Thatcherism."}, "https://codexery.com/modernist-20th-century-composers/e/modernist-and-20th-century-composers/olivier-messiaen/": {"t": "Olivier Messiaen", "s": "French composer, organist, and ornithologist of the 20th century.", "i": "https://codexery.com/modernist-20th-century-composers/img/modernist-and-20th-century-composers/olivier-messiaen.webp", "c": "via Wikipedia: Olivier Messiaen · see source"}, "https://codexery.com/world-music-record-labels/e/world-music-record-labels/argo-records-uk/": {"t": "Argo Records (UK)", "s": "British music, spoken word, and field recordings since 1951."}, "https://codexery.com/opera-composers/e/opera-composers/camille-saint-sa-ns/": {"t": "Camille Saint-Saëns", "s": "French Romantic composer, organist, and musical prodigy.", "i": "https://codexery.com/opera-composers/img/opera-composers/camille-saint-sa-ns.webp", "c": "via Wikipedia: Camille Saint-Saëns · see source"}, "https://codexery.com/modernist-20th-century-composers/e/modernist-and-20th-century-composers/francis-poulenc/": {"t": "Francis Poulenc", "s": "French composer and pianist."}, "https://codexery.com/composers-musicians/e/composers-and-musicians/philip-glass/": {"t": "Philip Glass", "s": "American composer of repetitive structures and minimalist works.", "i": "https://codexery.com/composers-musicians/img/composers-and-musicians/philip-glass.webp", "c": "Pasquale Salerno · via Wikipedia: Philip Glass · CC BY-SA 2.0"}, "https://codexery.com/classical-music/e/classical-music/symphony-no-9-beethoven/": {"t": "Symphony No. 9 (Beethoven)", "s": "The Symphony No."}, "https://codexery.com/english-counties/e/english-counties/lancashire/": {"t": "Lancashire", "s": "A ceremonial county in North West England, bordered by Cumbria, North Yorkshire, West Yorkshire, Greater Manchester, Merseyside, and the Irish Sea."}, "https://codexery.com/languages/e/languages/italian-language/": {"t": "Italian language", "s": "A Romance language of the Indo-European family, standardised from literary Florentine Tuscan."}, "https://codexery.com/cities/e/coastal/singapore/": {"t": "Singapore", "s": "The Lion City, a global hub of trade and finance."}, "https://codexery.com/british-military-television-series/e/british-military-television-series/dad-s-army/": {"t": "Dad's Army", "s": "A British sitcom about the Home Guard during the Second World War.", "i": "https://codexery.com/british-military-television-series/img/british-military-television-series/dad-s-army.webp", "c": "pam fray · CC BY-SA 2.0"}, "https://codexery.com/television-series-by-bbc-studios/e/television-series-by-bbc-studios/are-you-being-served/": {"t": "Are You Being Served?", "s": "A sitcom about staff in a London department store."}, "https://codexery.com/television-series/e/television-series/only-fools-and-horses/": {"t": "Only Fools and Horses", "s": "A sitcom about two brothers chasing wealth in Peckham."}, "https://codexery.com/visual-arts-and-crafts/e/visual-arts-and-crafts/stained-glass/": {"t": "Stained glass", "s": "Coloured glass used in windows and decorative art."}, "https://codexery.com/cities/e/cultural/cairo/": {"t": "Cairo", "s": "The city of a thousand minarets"}, "https://codexery.com/british-inventors/e/british-inventors/toby-churchill/": {"t": "Toby Churchill", "s": "Entrepreneur who invented the Lightwriter communication aid."}, "https://codexery.com/persian-arabic-poets/e/persian-and-arabic-poets/taha-hussein/": {"t": "Taha Hussein", "s": "Dean of Arabic Literature and Egyptian modernist intellectual"}, "https://codexery.com/cities/e/capitals/brussels/": {"t": "Brussels", "s": "The capital of Belgium and de facto capital of the European Union."}}