{"https://codexery.com/ancient-empires/e/ancient-empires/chola-dynasty/": {"t": "Chola dynasty", "s": "Tamil dynasty ruling a maritime empire from Southern India."}, "https://codexery.com/indian-states/e/indian-states/karnataka/": {"t": "Karnataka", "s": "The Land of Elevated Heritage and Innovation", "i": "https://codexery.com/indian-states/img/indian-states/karnataka.webp", "c": "Rajeshodayanchal · CC BY-SA 4.0"}, "https://codexery.com/indian-states/e/indian-states/andhra-pradesh/": {"t": "Andhra Pradesh", "s": "The coastal gem of southern India, rich in history, culture, and natural resources.", "i": "https://codexery.com/indian-states/img/indian-states/andhra-pradesh.webp", "c": "456legend · CC BY 4.0"}, "https://codexery.com/indian-states/e/indian-states/tamil-nadu/": {"t": "Tamil Nadu", "s": "The land of Tamils, with a history spanning over 5,500 years."}, "https://codexery.com/hindu-and-buddhist-terms/e/hindu-and-buddhist-terms/vedas/": {"t": "Vedas", "s": "Oldest scriptures of Hinduism, composed in Vedic Sanskrit."}, "https://codexery.com/world-heritage-sites-in-india/e/world-heritage-sites-in-india/brihadisvara-temple/": {"t": "Brihadisvara Temple", "s": "An 11th-century Chola masterpiece and UNESCO World Heritage Site."}, "https://codexery.com/geology/e/geology/granite/": {"t": "Granite", "s": "A coarse-grained intrusive igneous rock composed mostly of quartz, alkali feldspar, mica, and plagioclase.", "i": "https://codexery.com/geology/img/geology/granite.webp", "c": "Giles Laurent · CC BY-SA 4.0"}, "https://codexery.com/world-heritage-sites-in-india/e/world-heritage-sites-in-india/airavatesvara-temple/": {"t": "Airavatesvara Temple", "s": "A Chola-era Shiva temple with chariot-shaped architecture."}, "https://codexery.com/hindu-and-buddhist-terms/e/hindu-and-buddhist-terms/lakshmi/": {"t": "Lakshmi", "s": "Goddess of fortune, wealth, prosperity, beauty, fertility, sovereignty, and abundance."}, "https://codexery.com/cosmology-concepts/e/cosmology-concepts/universe/": {"t": "Universe", "s": "The totality of all space, time, matter, and energy."}, "https://codexery.com/rivers-and-lakes/e/rivers-and-lakes/ganges/": {"t": "Ganges", "s": "The Ganges: sacred lifeline of India and Bangladesh, second-largest river system by discharge.", "i": "https://codexery.com/rivers-and-lakes/img/rivers-and-lakes/ganges.webp", "c": "Picture Prefect ! · CC BY-SA 4.0"}, "https://codexery.com/languages/e/languages/kannada/": {"t": "Kannada", "s": "A classical Dravidian language with 1,200 years of literary history."}, "https://codexery.com/languages-of-the-world/e/languages-of-the-world/tamil-language/": {"t": "Tamil language", "s": "Tamil (தமிழ், Tamiḻ) is a Dravidian language native to the Tamil people, primarily spoken in the Indian state of Tamil Nadu and the union territory of Puducherr"}, "https://codexery.com/philosophers-thinkers/e/philosophers-and-thinkers/adi-shankara/": {"t": "Adi Shankara", "s": "Indian Vedic scholar-monk and philosopher of Advaita Vedanta", "i": "https://codexery.com/philosophers-thinkers/img/philosophers-and-thinkers/adi-shankara.webp", "c": "via Wikipedia: Adi Shankara · see source"}, "https://codexery.com/leaders-and-monarchs/e/leaders-and-monarchs/krishnadevaraya/": {"t": "Krishnadevaraya", "s": "Emperor of Vijayanagara at its political and cultural peak."}, "https://codexery.com/buddhist-mythology/e/buddhist-mythology/vamana/": {"t": "Vamana", "s": "Fifth avatar of Vishnu who measured the three worlds (story detailed in Puranas, not Vedas)."}, "/e/chola-architecture/jambukeswarar-temple-thiruvanaikaval/": {"t": "Jambukeswarar Temple, Thiruvanaikaval", "s": "Shiva temple representing water, one of five elemental shrines."}, "https://codexery.com/performing-arts-music-genres/e/performing-arts-and-music-genres/carnatic-music/": {"t": "Carnatic music", "s": "South Indian classical music system emphasizing vocal performance."}, "https://codexery.com/indian-classical-musicians/e/indian-classical-musicians/muthuswami-dikshitar/": {"t": "Muthuswami Dikshitar", "s": "Youngest of the Trinity of Carnatic music, master of Sanskrit kritis and rare ragas."}, "https://codexery.com/hinduism-and-jainism/e/hinduism-and-jainism/shaivism/": {"t": "Shaivism", "s": "A major Hindu tradition revering Shiva as the supreme being."}, "https://codexery.com/hindu-and-buddhist-terms/e/hindu-and-buddhist-terms/durga/": {"t": "Durga", "s": "Invincible goddess of protection, strength, and the power of good over evil."}, "https://codexery.com/architectural-styles-and-elements/e/architectural-styles-and-elements/ruins/": {"t": "Ruins", "s": "Remains of architecture fallen into partial or total disrepair.", "i": "https://codexery.com/architectural-styles-and-elements/img/architectural-styles-and-elements/ruins.webp", "c": "Chris Adams · CC BY-SA 3.0"}, "https://codexery.com/governments-and-political-systems/e/governments-and-political-systems/government-of-india/": {"t": "Government of India", "s": "National authority of the Republic of India, established by the Constitution.", "i": "https://codexery.com/governments-and-political-systems/img/governments-and-political-systems/government-of-india.webp", "c": "Trikkiboy · Public domain"}, "https://codexery.com/leaders-of-revolution-and-independence/e/leaders-of-revolution-and-independence/shivaji/": {"t": "Shivaji", "s": "Founder of the Maratha Kingdom", "i": "https://codexery.com/leaders-of-revolution-and-independence/img/leaders-of-revolution-and-independence/shivaji.webp", "c": "Unknown authorUnknown author · via Wikipedia: Shivaji · Public domain"}, "https://codexery.com/pre-columbian-empires/e/pre-columbian-empires/mughal-empire/": {"t": "Mughal Empire", "s": "An early modern empire in South Asia, founded in 1526."}, "https://codexery.com/ethnic-indigenous-groups/e/ethnic-and-indigenous-groups/tamils/": {"t": "Tamils", "s": "Dravidian ethnic group with over two millennia of written history."}, "https://codexery.com/ballads/e/ballads/ballad/": {"t": "Ballad", "s": "A narrative song form with roots in medieval dance and oral tradition."}, "https://codexery.com/historical-figures/e/notable/aurangzeb/": {"t": "Aurangzeb", "s": "The sixth Mughal emperor who expanded the empire to its greatest extent."}, "https://codexery.com/plateaus-and-plains/e/plateaus-and-plains/deccan-plateau/": {"t": "Deccan Plateau", "s": "Ancient plateau forming the bulk of the Indian peninsula.", "i": "https://codexery.com/plateaus-and-plains/img/plateaus-and-plains/deccan-plateau.webp", "c": "via Wikipedia: Deccan Plateau · see source"}, "https://codexery.com/exploration-colonization/e/exploration-and-colonization/east-india-company/": {"t": "East India Company", "s": "Chartered company that ruled large parts of India and dominated key trade routes.", "i": "https://codexery.com/exploration-colonization/img/exploration-and-colonization/east-india-company.webp", "c": "John Bruce · Public domain"}, "https://codexery.com/castle-architecture/e/castle-architecture/embrasure/": {"t": "Embrasure", "s": "Opening in fortifications for firing weapons while remaining under cover."}, "https://codexery.com/ingredients/e/ingredients/saffron/": {"t": "Saffron", "s": "A labor-intensive spice derived from the saffron crocus."}, "https://codexery.com/violence-conflict/e/violence-and-conflict/war/": {"t": "War", "s": "Armed conflict between states or organized groups, often for political aims."}, "/e/chola-architecture/ekambareswarar-temple-kanchipuram/": {"t": "Ekambareswarar Temple (Kanchipuram)", "s": "Shiva temple representing earth, one of five Pancha Bhoota Stalas."}, "https://codexery.com/places-in-hindu-mythology/e/places-in-hindu-mythology/kailasha/": {"t": "Kailasha", "s": "Celestial abode of Shiva, manifested as Mount Kailash."}, "https://codexery.com/languages-and-writing-systems/e/languages-and-writing-systems/sanskrit/": {"t": "Sanskrit", "s": "The classical language of South Asian religion, philosophy, and culture."}, "/e/chola-architecture/arunachalesvara-temple/": {"t": "Arunachalesvara Temple", "s": "A major Shaivite temple representing fire, with a 66 m east tower."}, "/e/chola-architecture/srikalahasteeswara-temple/": {"t": "Srikalahasteeswara temple", "s": "One of the Pancha Bhuta Sthalams, representing the wind element."}, "https://codexery.com/mammals/e/mammals/cattle/": {"t": "Cattle", "s": "Domesticated bovid ungulates raised for meat, dairy, and labor."}, "https://codexery.com/dance-forms/e/dance-forms/indian-classical-dance/": {"t": "Indian classical dance", "s": "Indian classical dance: regionally diverse traditions rooted in Hindu musical theatre and the Natya Shastra."}, "https://codexery.com/rivers-and-seas-of-the-world/e/rivers-and-seas-of-the-world/bay-of-bengal/": {"t": "Bay of Bengal", "s": "Northeastern part of the Indian Ocean, rich in history and biodiversity.", "i": "https://codexery.com/rivers-and-seas-of-the-world/img/rivers-and-seas-of-the-world/bay-of-bengal.webp", "c": "No machine-readable author provided. NormanEinstein assumed (based on copyright claims). · via Wikipedia: Bay of Bengal · CC BY-SA 3.0"}, "https://codexery.com/seas-and-oceans/e/seas-and-oceans/indian-ocean/": {"t": "Indian Ocean", "s": "Third-largest ocean, warmest, key to global climate and trade."}, "https://codexery.com/hinduism-and-jainism/e/hinduism-and-jainism/surya/": {"t": "Surya", "s": "Hindu solar deity and one of five major Smarta deities."}, "https://codexery.com/dynasties-and-kingdoms/e/dynasties-and-kingdoms/portuguese-empire/": {"t": "Portuguese Empire", "s": "The first and longest-lasting European colonial empire, spanning nearly 600 years from 1415 to 1999."}, "https://codexery.com/british-inventors/e/british-inventors/arthur-c-clarke/": {"t": "Arthur C. Clarke", "s": "Prophet of the Space Age and co-writer of 2001: A Space Odyssey."}, "https://codexery.com/novels-and-epics/e/novels-and-epics/mahabharata/": {"t": "Mahabharata", "s": "Major Sanskrit epic of ancient India, revered in Hinduism."}, "https://codexery.com/indian-states/e/indian-states/odisha/": {"t": "Odisha", "s": "The Land of Kalinga and Utkaḷa"}, "https://codexery.com/comparative-mythology/e/comparative-mythology/mother-goddess/": {"t": "Mother goddess", "s": "A major goddess embodying motherhood, creation, and destruction across cultures."}, "https://codexery.com/scientists-and-mathematicians/e/scientists-and-mathematicians/eratosthenes/": {"t": "Eratosthenes", "s": "Ancient Greek polymath who first measured Earth's circumference."}, "https://codexery.com/languages-and-dialects/e/languages-and-dialects/greek-language/": {"t": "Greek language", "s": "Greek is the world's oldest recorded living language."}, "https://codexery.com/scientists-and-mathematicians/e/scientists-and-mathematicians/pliny-the-elder/": {"t": "Pliny the Elder", "s": "Roman author and naturalist who wrote the encyclopedic Natural History and died rescuing others from Mount Vesuvius."}, "https://codexery.com/greek-myths/e/greek-myths/dionysus/": {"t": "Dionysus", "s": "God of wine, theatre, and ecstatic liberation."}, "https://codexery.com/hinduism-and-jainism/e/hinduism-and-jainism/ravana/": {"t": "Ravana", "s": "Ten-headed rakshasa king and principal antagonist of the Ramayana."}, "https://codexery.com/philosophers-and-theologians/e/philosophers-and-theologians/patanjali/": {"t": "Patanjali", "s": "Ancient Indian author of Yoga Sutras and grammar classic Mahābhāṣya."}, "https://codexery.com/hindu-and-buddhist-masters/e/hindu-and-buddhist-masters/agastya/": {"t": "Agastya", "s": "Revered Indian sage, father of Siddha medicine, and Tamil grammar pioneer.", "i": "https://codexery.com/hindu-and-buddhist-masters/img/hindu-and-buddhist-masters/agastya.webp", "c": "Jonathan Cardy · CC BY-SA 3.0"}, "https://codexery.com/buddhist-mythology/e/buddhist-mythology/mount-meru/": {"t": "Mount Meru", "s": "Sacred five-peaked mountain at the center of cosmic universes.", "i": "https://codexery.com/buddhist-mythology/img/buddhist-mythology/mount-meru.webp", "c": "Anonymous Unknown author · Public domain"}, "https://codexery.com/cities-starting-with-m/e/cities-starting-with-m/madurai/": {"t": "Madurai", "s": "Ancient city on the Vaigai River, cultural capital of Tamil Nadu."}, "https://codexery.com/places-in-hindu-mythology/e/places-in-hindu-mythology/devaloka/": {"t": "Devaloka", "s": "A divine plane where devas dwell in light and goodness."}, "/e/chola-architecture/thyagaraja-temple-tiruvarur/": {"t": "Thyagaraja Temple, Tiruvarur", "s": "A major Chola-era Shiva temple with the largest chariot in Asia."}, "https://codexery.com/disasters/e/historic-disasters/the-2004-indian-ocean-tsunami/": {"t": "The 2004 Indian Ocean tsunami", "s": "On 26 December 2004, a massive undersea megathrust earthquake, known scientifically as the Sumatra–Andaman earthquake, struck at 07:58:53 local time off the wes"}, "/e/chola-architecture/thiruvalangadu/": {"t": "Thiruvalangadu", "s": "Shaivaite temple housing the Ratna Sabai, one of five cosmic dance halls."}, "https://codexery.com/performing-arts-music-genres/e/performing-arts-and-music-genres/bharatanatyam/": {"t": "Bharatanatyam", "s": "Bharatanatyam is a classical dance form from Tamil Nadu, India, recognized by the Sangeet Natak Akademi."}, "https://codexery.com/hinduism-and-jainism/e/hinduism-and-jainism/shaktism/": {"t": "Shaktism", "s": "A Hindu tradition revering the divine feminine as ultimate reality."}, "https://codexery.com/hinduism-and-jainism/e/hinduism-and-jainism/vaishnavism/": {"t": "Vaishnavism", "s": "One of the major Hindu denominations, centered on Vishnu as supreme."}, "https://codexery.com/world-wonders/e/world-wonders/angkor-wat/": {"t": "Angkor Wat", "s": "Largest religious complex in the world, Cambodia's national symbol.", "i": "https://codexery.com/world-wonders/img/world-wonders/angkor-wat.webp", "c": "via Wikipedia: Angkor Wat · see source"}, "https://codexery.com/ancient-empires-rulers/e/ancient-empires-rulers/alauddin-khalji/": {"t": "Alauddin Khalji", "s": "Sultan of Delhi from 1296 to 1316, known for administrative reforms and military conquests."}, "https://codexery.com/buddhist-mythology/e/buddhist-mythology/mohini/": {"t": "Mohini", "s": "Hindu goddess of enchantment and Vishnu's only female avatar.", "i": "https://codexery.com/buddhist-mythology/img/buddhist-mythology/mohini.webp", "c": "Artly2001 · CC BY 3.0"}, "https://codexery.com/hindu-and-buddhist-terms/e/hindu-and-buddhist-terms/brahman/": {"t": "Brahman", "s": "Ultimate reality and source of all existence in Hindu thought."}, "https://codexery.com/indian-states/e/indian-states/kerala/": {"t": "Kerala", "s": "God's Own Country", "i": "https://codexery.com/indian-states/img/indian-states/kerala.webp", "c": "rajaraman sundaram · CC BY 3.0"}, "https://codexery.com/hindu-gurus-and-philosophers/e/hindu-gurus-and-philosophers/vasishtha/": {"t": "Vasishtha", "s": "Vedic sage, author of Rigveda Mandala 7, and teacher of Rama."}, "https://codexery.com/hinduism-and-jainism/e/hinduism-and-jainism/vayu/": {"t": "Vayu", "s": "Hindu god of winds, divine messenger, and life breath."}, "/e/chola-architecture/chola-art-and-architecture/": {"t": "Chola art and architecture", "s": "South Indian temple architecture and bronze sculpture under imperial Cholas."}, "https://codexery.com/hindu-gurus-and-philosophers/e/hindu-gurus-and-philosophers/ramanuja/": {"t": "Ramanuja", "s": "Indian philosopher and chief proponent of Vishishtadvaita Vedānta."}, "https://codexery.com/medieval-and-early-modern-asian-empires/e/medieval-and-early-modern-asian-empires/hoysala-kingdom/": {"t": "Hoysala Kingdom", "s": "South Indian dynasty known for temple architecture and resistance to invasions."}, "https://codexery.com/hinduism-and-jainism/e/hinduism-and-jainism/trimurti/": {"t": "Trimurti", "s": "Triple deity personifying creation, preservation, and destruction in Hinduism."}, "https://codexery.com/demigods/e/demigods/arjuna/": {"t": "Arjuna", "s": "Half-divine archer and hero of the Mahabharata."}, "https://codexery.com/mythological-legendary-figures/e/mythological-and-legendary-figures/pandava/": {"t": "Pandava", "s": "Five legendary brothers and central figures of the Hindu epic Mahabharata."}, "https://codexery.com/hindu-deities/e/hindu-deities/vahana/": {"t": "Vahana", "s": "Divine mounts in Hindu iconography and theology."}, "https://codexery.com/hindu-mythology/e/hindu-mythology/hindu-mythology/": {"t": "Hindu mythology", "s": "Myths from Hindu texts, foundational to society and theology."}, "https://codexery.com/planets-and-dwarf-planets/e/planets-and-dwarf-planets/earth/": {"t": "Earth", "s": "The only known planet with liquid surface water and life."}, "https://codexery.com/international-law-diplomacy/e/international-law-and-diplomacy/supreme-court-of-india/": {"t": "Supreme Court of India", "s": "Highest appellate court and constitutional guardian of India.", "i": "https://codexery.com/international-law-diplomacy/img/international-law-and-diplomacy/supreme-court-of-india.webp", "c": "MildGovernor · CC BY-SA 4.0"}, "https://codexery.com/hindu-gurus-and-philosophers/e/hindu-gurus-and-philosophers/ramana-maharshi/": {"t": "Ramana Maharshi", "s": "Indian sage who taught self-enquiry and silent spiritual instruction."}, "https://codexery.com/open-clusters/e/open-clusters/krittika/": {"t": "Krittika", "s": "Third lunar mansion in Indian astronomy, identified with the Pleiades."}, "https://codexery.com/buddhist-concepts-and-schools/e/buddhist-concepts-and-schools/sa-s-ra/": {"t": "Saṃsāra", "s": "Cyclic rebirth and liberation in Indian traditions."}, "https://codexery.com/buddhist-concepts-and-schools/e/buddhist-concepts-and-schools/tantra/": {"t": "Tantra", "s": "Esoteric yogic tradition with complex cosmologies and ritual practices."}, "https://codexery.com/religious-traditions/e/religious-traditions/jainism/": {"t": "Jainism", "s": "Indian religion centered on nonviolence and spiritual liberation."}, "/e/chola-architecture/mela-kadambur-amirthakadeswarar-temple/": {"t": "Mela Kadambur Amirthakadeswarar Temple", "s": "Chola-era chariot-shaped temple with a sunken wheel."}, "https://codexery.com/indian-classical-musicians/e/indian-classical-musicians/tyagaraja/": {"t": "Tyagaraja", "s": "The foremost composer of Carnatic music and one of the Trinity of Carnatic Music."}, "https://codexery.com/indian-classical-musicians/e/indian-classical-musicians/syama-sastri/": {"t": "Syama Sastri", "s": "The eldest of the Carnatic Trinity, known for his scholarly compositions and pioneering svarajatis."}, "https://codexery.com/hinduism-and-jainism/e/hinduism-and-jainism/tirthankara/": {"t": "Tirthankara", "s": "Ford-makers who establish a path across the sea of rebirth."}, "https://codexery.com/tirthankaras/e/tirthankaras/neminatha/": {"t": "Neminatha", "s": "22nd tirthankara, cousin of Krishna, revered for compassion and renunciation."}, "https://codexery.com/notable-buildings-and-monuments/e/notable-buildings-and-monuments/ellora-caves/": {"t": "Ellora Caves", "s": "A UNESCO World Heritage Site of rock-cut caves showcasing Hindu, Buddhist, and Jain art from AD 600–1000."}, "https://codexery.com/philosophers-and-theologians/e/philosophers-and-theologians/mahavira/": {"t": "Mahavira", "s": "Indian religious reformer and 24th Tirthankara of Jainism."}, "https://codexery.com/hindu-gurus-and-philosophers/e/hindu-gurus-and-philosophers/p-r-van-tha/": {"t": "Pārśvanātha", "s": "23rd Jain tīrthaṅkara, earliest historical figure in Jainism."}, "https://codexery.com/mythological-places/e/mythological-places/samavasarana/": {"t": "Samavasarana", "s": "Divine preaching hall of the Tirthankara in Jainism."}, "/e/chola-architecture/kallanai-dam/": {"t": "Kallanai Dam", "s": "Ancient stone dam on the Kaveri, still diverting water today."}}