[{"n": "Guanzhong", "u": "/e/chinese-history/guanzhong/", "s": "The heartland of ancient Chinese empires, guarded by mountain passes."}, {"n": "Hetao", "u": "/e/chinese-history/hetao/", "s": "Fertile flood plains in the Ordos Loop of the Yellow River."}, {"n": "Hexi Corridor", "u": "/e/chinese-history/hexi-corridor/", "s": "A historic corridor linking China to Central Asia."}, {"n": "Imperial examination", "u": "/e/chinese-history/imperial-examination/", "s": "The imperial examination was a civil service examination system in Imperial China, selecting bureaucrats by me"}, {"n": "Jiangnan", "u": "/e/chinese-history/jiangnan/", "s": "The prosperous lands south of the Yangtze River, cradle of Wu culture and historic capitals."}, {"n": "Jiayu Pass", "u": "/e/chinese-history/jiayu-pass/", "s": "Westernmost Ming Great Wall fortress and Silk Road gateway."}, {"n": "Mandate of Heaven", "u": "/e/chinese-history/mandate-of-heaven/", "s": "Chinese doctrine legitimizing rule through Heaven's favor."}, {"n": "Pax Sinica", "u": "/e/chinese-history/pax-sinica/", "s": "Historiographical term for periods of Chinese-led regional peace."}, {"n": "Sanxingdui", "u": "/e/chinese-history/sanxingdui/", "s": "Bronze Age site revealing a unique civilization in ancient China."}, {"n": "Shanhai Pass", "u": "/e/chinese-history/shanhai-pass/", "s": "Fortified gateway at the eastern end of the Great Wall, commanding the narrowest choke point of the Liaoxi Cor"}, {"n": "Three Departments and Six Ministries", "u": "/e/chinese-history/three-departments-and-six-ministries/", "s": "Primary administrative structure in imperial China from Sui to Yuan."}, {"n": "Tributary system of China", "u": "/e/chinese-history/tributary-system-of-china/", "s": "A Sinocentric network of tributary relations lasting two millennia."}, {"n": "Self-Strengthening Movement", "u": "/e/chinese-history/self-strengthening-movement/", "s": "Late Qing reform movement to strengthen state through Western technology."}, {"n": "Smashing the Gang of Four", "u": "/e/chinese-history/smashing-the-gang-of-four/", "s": "Bloodless coup that ended the Cultural Revolution."}, {"n": "Reform and opening up", "u": "/e/chinese-history/reform-and-opening-up/", "s": "Economic reforms that transformed China's economy after 1978."}, {"n": "Taiwan under Japanese rule", "u": "/e/chinese-history/taiwan-under-japanese-rule/", "s": "The period of Japanese rule over Taiwan began in 1895 after the Qing dynasty ceded Fujian-Taiwan Province to J"}, {"n": "Republic of China (1912–1949)", "u": "/e/chinese-history/republic-of-china-1912-1949/", "s": "First Chinese republic, ruled mainland until 1949."}, {"n": "Retreat of the government of the Republic of China to Taiwan", "u": "/e/chinese-history/retreat-of-the-government-of-the-republic-of-china-to-taiwan/", "s": "Retreat of ROC government to Taiwan after civil war defeat."}, {"n": "Territorial disputes in the South China Sea", "u": "/e/chinese-history/territorial-disputes-in-the-south-china-sea/", "s": "Multiple nations contest islands and waters in the South China Sea."}, {"n": "Tibetan independence movement", "u": "/e/chinese-history/tibetan-independence-movement/", "s": "The Tibetan independence movement (Tibetan: བོད་རང་བཙན Bod rang btsan; simplified Chinese: 西藏独立运动; traditional"}, {"n": "Tongzhi Restoration", "u": "/e/chinese-history/tongzhi-restoration/", "s": "A Qing-era attempt to restore traditional order amid decline."}, {"n": "Taiwan independence movement", "u": "/e/chinese-history/taiwan-independence-movement/", "s": "Movement advocating Taiwan as a de jure sovereign state."}, {"n": "Sino-French War", "u": "/e/chinese-history/sino-french-war/", "s": "Limited conflict for influence in Vietnam without declaration of war."}, {"n": "Sino-Vietnamese War", "u": "/e/chinese-history/sino-vietnamese-war/", "s": "The Sino-Vietnamese War, also referred to as the Third Indochina War, erupted in early 1979 when China launche"}, {"n": "Sino-Indian War", "u": "/e/chinese-history/sino-indian-war/", "s": "In October and November of 1962, China and India fought a brief but intense war, sometimes called the China–In"}, {"n": "Shanghai massacre", "u": "/e/chinese-history/shanghai-massacre/", "s": "Violent suppression of communists in Shanghai by KMT forces."}, {"n": "Sino-Soviet split", "u": "/e/chinese-history/sino-soviet-split/", "s": "Ideological rivalry split communist world into competing spheres."}]