{"https://codexery.com/pre-columbian-empires/e/pre-columbian-empires/tang-dynasty/": {"t": "Tang dynasty", "s": "The Tang dynasty governed China from 618 to 907, with a break between 690 and 705.", "i": "https://codexery.com/pre-columbian-empires/img/pre-columbian-empires/tang-dynasty.webp", "c": "via Wikipedia: Tang dynasty · see source"}, "https://codexery.com/buddhist-traditions/e/buddhist-traditions/chan-buddhism/": {"t": "Chan Buddhism", "s": "A Mahāyāna tradition emphasizing meditation and direct insight into Buddha-nature."}, "https://codexery.com/eastern-religions-and-philosophies/e/eastern-religions-and-philosophies/bodhisattva/": {"t": "Bodhisattva", "s": "A being who delays nirvana to help others awaken."}, "https://codexery.com/rivers-of-the-world/e/rivers-of-the-world/yellow-river/": {"t": "Yellow River", "s": "Cradle of Chinese civilization, source of devastating floods.", "i": "https://codexery.com/rivers-of-the-world/img/rivers-of-the-world/yellow-river.webp", "c": "via Wikipedia: Yellow River · see source"}, "https://codexery.com/chinese-history/e/chinese-history/imperial-examination/": {"t": "Imperial examination", "s": "The imperial examination was a civil service examination system in Imperial China, selecting bureaucrats by merit from the Sui dynasty until its abolition in 19", "i": "https://codexery.com/chinese-history/img/chinese-history/imperial-examination.webp", "c": "Francisco Anzola · CC BY 2.0"}, "https://codexery.com/dance-forms/e/dance-forms/lion-dance/": {"t": "Lion dance", "s": "Traditional Chinese dance performed to bring good luck and fortune."}, "https://codexery.com/cities-starting-with-j/e/cities-starting-with-j/jingzhou/": {"t": "Jingzhou", "s": "Ancient strategic city on the Yangtze River."}, "https://codexery.com/ancient-empires-rulers/e/ancient-empires-rulers/emperor-xuanzong-of-tang/": {"t": "Emperor Xuanzong of Tang", "s": "Tang emperor whose 44-year reign saw golden age and catastrophic decline."}, "https://codexery.com/states-and-regions/e/states-and-regions/sichuan/": {"t": "Sichuan", "s": "Inland province in Southwestern China, home to Ba and Shu."}, "https://codexery.com/cities-starting-with-l/e/cities-starting-with-l/luoyang/": {"t": "Luoyang", "s": "Ancient capital on the Luo River, cradle of Chinese civilization."}, "https://codexery.com/asian-literary-voices/e/asian-literary-voices/su-shi/": {"t": "Su Shi", "s": "Song dynasty literatus, exiled official, and prolific artist."}, "https://codexery.com/painting-visual-arts/e/painting-and-visual-arts/ink-wash-painting/": {"t": "Ink wash painting", "s": "Monochrome ink painting capturing spirit over likeness."}, "https://codexery.com/ancient-empires/e/ancient-empires/ming-dynasty/": {"t": "Ming dynasty", "s": "The last Han-led imperial dynasty of China."}, "https://codexery.com/composers/e/great-composers/gustav-mahler/": {"t": "Gustav Mahler", "s": "Austro-Bohemian Romantic composer and conductor", "i": "https://codexery.com/composers/img/great-composers/gustav-mahler.webp", "c": "via Wikipedia: Gustav Mahler · see source"}, "https://codexery.com/writers-poets/e/writers-and-poets/ezra-pound/": {"t": "Ezra Pound", "s": "American poet and critic who shaped modernism and faced treason charges."}, "/e/chinese-classical-poets/du-fu/": {"t": "Du Fu", "s": "Poet-Historian of the Tang dynasty", "i": "https://codexery.com/chinese-classical-poets/img/chinese-classical-poets/du-fu.webp", "c": "via Wikipedia: Du Fu · see source"}, "https://codexery.com/musok-deities/e/musok-deities/xian-taoism/": {"t": "Xian (Taoism)", "s": "Immortal or transcendent being in Taoist and Chinese folklore."}, "https://codexery.com/cities-starting-with-m/e/cities-starting-with-m/mianyang/": {"t": "Mianyang", "s": "Second largest city in Sichuan, key science and defense hub."}, "https://codexery.com/pre-columbian-empires/e/pre-columbian-empires/sui-dynasty/": {"t": "Sui dynasty", "s": "Brief dynasty that reunified China and shaped the Tang golden age.", "i": "https://codexery.com/pre-columbian-empires/img/pre-columbian-empires/sui-dynasty.webp", "c": "via Wikipedia: Sui dynasty · see source"}, "https://codexery.com/history-of-imperial-china/e/history-of-imperial-china/silk-road/": {"t": "Silk Road", "s": "Network of routes linking East and West for centuries.", "i": "https://codexery.com/history-of-imperial-china/img/history-of-imperial-china/silk-road.webp", "c": "User:Kelvin Case\nUser:Turkish Flame\n\nUser:SmallJarsWithGreenLabels · via Wikipedia: Silk Road · CC BY-SA 4.0"}, "https://codexery.com/cities-on-rivers/e/cities-on-rivers/nanjing/": {"t": "Nanjing", "s": "Southern Capital on the Yangtze"}, "https://codexery.com/historical-figures/e/leaders/guo-ziyi/": {"t": "Guo Ziyi", "s": "Tang general who ended the An Lushan rebellion.", "i": "https://codexery.com/historical-figures/img/leaders/guo-ziyi.webp", "c": "Unknown authorUnknown author · via Wikipedia: Guo Ziyi · Public domain"}, "https://codexery.com/states-and-regions/e/states-and-regions/shandong/": {"t": "Shandong", "s": "Coastal province, cradle of Confucianism and Taoism."}, "https://codexery.com/castrated-people/e/castrated-people/eunuch/": {"t": "Eunuch", "s": "Castrated men serving in royal courts and religious roles across history."}, "https://codexery.com/cities-starting-with-j/e/cities-starting-with-j/jiujiang/": {"t": "Jiujiang", "s": "Historic Yangtze port and Jiangxi's only international trade city.", "i": "https://codexery.com/cities-starting-with-j/img/cities-starting-with-j/jiujiang.webp", "c": "Geoff Wong from Hong Kong · CC BY 2.0"}, "https://codexery.com/chinese-emperors-and-leaders/e/chinese-emperors-and-leaders/emperor-huizong-of-song/": {"t": "Emperor Huizong of Song", "s": "Eighth Song emperor, artist, and captive of the Jurchens.", "i": "https://codexery.com/chinese-emperors-and-leaders/img/chinese-emperors-and-leaders/emperor-huizong-of-song.webp", "c": "Emperor Huizong of Song / After Zhang Xuan · Public domain"}, "/e/chinese-classical-poets/li-bai/": {"t": "Li Bai", "s": "Tang dynasty poet, one of the 'Three Wonders'.", "i": "https://codexery.com/chinese-classical-poets/img/chinese-classical-poets/li-bai.webp", "c": "via Wikipedia: Li Bai · see source"}, "https://codexery.com/human-relationships-and-life-stages/e/human-relationships-and-life-stages/sibling/": {"t": "Sibling", "s": "A relative sharing at least one parent with another person."}, "https://codexery.com/government-public-administration/e/government-and-public-administration/prime-minister/": {"t": "Prime minister", "s": "Head of government leading the cabinet in parliamentary systems."}, "https://codexery.com/constitutional-and-rights-law/e/constitutional-and-rights-law/pardon/": {"t": "Pardon", "s": "A government decision relieving legal consequences of a criminal conviction."}, "https://codexery.com/rivers-of-the-world/e/rivers-of-the-world/yangtze/": {"t": "Yangtze", "s": "Longest river in China, third-longest in the world."}, "https://codexery.com/caves-gorges/e/caves-and-gorges/three-gorges/": {"t": "Three Gorges", "s": "Three adjacent gorges along the Yangtze, famed for scenery and history."}, "https://codexery.com/cities-of-the-world/e/cities-of-the-world/changsha/": {"t": "Changsha", "s": "Capital of Hunan, ancient city, and global industrial hub."}, "/e/chinese-classical-poets/yuan-zhen/": {"t": "Yuan Zhen", "s": "Tang dynasty novelist, poet, and brief chancellor.", "i": "https://codexery.com/chinese-classical-poets/img/chinese-classical-poets/yuan-zhen.webp", "c": "via Wikipedia: Yuan Zhen · see source"}, "https://codexery.com/common-diseases-disorders/e/common-diseases-and-disorders/diabetes/": {"t": "Diabetes", "s": "A group of endocrine diseases marked by high blood sugar."}, "https://codexery.com/pre-columbian-empires/e/pre-columbian-empires/song-dynasty/": {"t": "Song dynasty", "s": "Chinese dynasty that pioneered paper money and gunpowder weapons.", "i": "https://codexery.com/pre-columbian-empires/img/pre-columbian-empires/song-dynasty.webp", "c": "via Wikipedia: Song dynasty · see source"}, "https://codexery.com/historical-figures/e/notable/confucius/": {"t": "Confucius", "s": "The paragon of Chinese sages and founder of Confucianism."}, "https://codexery.com/socio-political-concepts/e/socio-political-concepts/conscription/": {"t": "Conscription", "s": "Compulsory enlistment in national service, enforced by law."}, "https://codexery.com/eastern-and-islamic-philosophers/e/eastern-and-islamic-philosophers/mencius/": {"t": "Mencius", "s": "Chinese Confucian philosopher, the Second Sage, who taught innate human goodness."}, "https://codexery.com/writers-poets/e/writers-and-poets/bai-juyi/": {"t": "Bai Juyi", "s": "Tang dynasty poet, politician, and musician known for vernacular verse."}, "https://codexery.com/religious-traditions/e/religious-traditions/confucianism/": {"t": "Confucianism", "s": "A system of thought emphasizing virtue, harmony, and familial responsibility."}, "https://codexery.com/languages/e/languages/japanese-language/": {"t": "Japanese language", "s": "The principal language of the Japonic family, spoken by over 123 million people, primarily in Japan."}, "https://codexery.com/seas-and-oceans/e/seas-and-oceans/south-china-sea/": {"t": "South China Sea", "s": "A marginal sea of the Western Pacific Ocean, vital to global trade and fishing."}, "/e/chinese-classical-poets/sima-xiangru/": {"t": "Sima Xiangru", "s": "Han dynasty poet and official, master of the fu rhapsody."}, "https://codexery.com/chinese-emperors-and-leaders/e/chinese-emperors-and-leaders/emperor-gaozong-of-tang/": {"t": "Emperor Gaozong of Tang", "s": "Third Tang emperor who ceded rule to Empress Wu.", "i": "https://codexery.com/chinese-emperors-and-leaders/img/chinese-emperors-and-leaders/emperor-gaozong-of-tang.webp", "c": "Gary Todd from Xinzheng, China · CC0"}, "https://codexery.com/game-birds-and-waterfowl/e/game-birds-and-waterfowl/partridge/": {"t": "Partridge", "s": "Medium-sized game birds native to Europe, Asia, and Africa."}, "https://codexery.com/human-relationships-and-life-stages/e/human-relationships-and-life-stages/concubinage/": {"t": "Concubinage", "s": "A historical practice of cohabitation without full marriage."}, "/e/chinese-classical-poets/wang-wei/": {"t": "Wang Wei", "s": "Tang dynasty poet, painter, musician, and official.", "i": "https://codexery.com/chinese-classical-poets/img/chinese-classical-poets/wang-wei.webp", "c": "via Wikipedia: Wang Wei · see source"}, "https://codexery.com/dynasties-and-kingdoms/e/dynasties-and-kingdoms/northern-and-southern-dynasties/": {"t": "Northern and Southern dynasties", "s": "Period of division, cultural growth, and technological advance."}, "https://codexery.com/dynasties-and-kingdoms/e/dynasties-and-kingdoms/jin-dynasty-266-420/": {"t": "Jin dynasty (266–420)", "s": "The Jin dynasty: a reunified China divided by civil war and barbarian invasions."}, "https://codexery.com/canals-and-waterways/e/canals-and-waterways/grand-canal-china/": {"t": "Grand Canal (China)", "s": "The world's longest artificial waterway, linking north and south China for over two millennia."}, "https://codexery.com/cities-of-china/e/cities-of-china/shaoxing/": {"t": "Shaoxing", "s": "Historic city known for wine, opera, and comfortable living."}, "https://codexery.com/chinese-emperors-and-leaders/e/chinese-emperors-and-leaders/emperor-wu-of-song/": {"t": "Emperor Wu of Song", "s": "Founding emperor of Liu Song; undefeated commander."}, "https://codexery.com/east-asian-history/e/east-asian-history/liu-song-dynasty/": {"t": "Liu Song dynasty", "s": "First of the four Southern dynasties during the Northern and Southern period."}, "https://codexery.com/cities/e/ancient-cities/xi-an/": {"t": "Xi'an", "s": "Ancient capital, modern hub of Western China."}, "https://codexery.com/cities-of-china/e/cities-of-china/nanyang-henan/": {"t": "Nanyang, Henan", "s": "Historical city in Henan, home to four Chinese sages."}, "https://codexery.com/cities-of-china/e/cities-of-china/shangqiu/": {"t": "Shangqiu", "s": "Ancient Shang base, modern transport hub in eastern Henan."}, "https://codexery.com/ancient-empires/e/ancient-empires/han-dynasty/": {"t": "Han dynasty", "s": "The golden age that shaped Chinese identity."}, "https://codexery.com/classic-poetry-and-epics/e/classic-poetry-and-epics/chu-ci/": {"t": "Chu Ci", "s": "Ancient anthology of Chu poetry, central to pre-Qin Chinese verse."}, "https://codexery.com/east-asian-history/e/east-asian-history/qin-state/": {"t": "Qin (state)", "s": "Ancient Chinese state that unified the Warring States."}, "https://codexery.com/miscellaneous-philosophy-and-religion/e/miscellaneous-philosophy-and-religion/legalism-chinese-philosophy/": {"t": "Legalism (Chinese philosophy)", "s": "Legalists emphasized law, merit, and agriculture over virtue."}, "https://codexery.com/ancient-empires-rulers/e/ancient-empires-rulers/emperor-wu-of-han/": {"t": "Emperor Wu of Han", "s": "Seventh Han emperor who expanded China's borders and centralized the state."}, "https://codexery.com/chinese-emperors-and-leaders/e/chinese-emperors-and-leaders/emperor-wen-of-han/": {"t": "Emperor Wen of Han", "s": "Fifth Han emperor who restored stability after Empress Lü's regency.", "i": "https://codexery.com/chinese-emperors-and-leaders/img/chinese-emperors-and-leaders/emperor-wen-of-han.webp", "c": "Unknown author · Public domain"}, "https://codexery.com/pre-columbian-empires/e/pre-columbian-empires/qing-dynasty/": {"t": "Qing dynasty", "s": "The Qing dynasty, also called the Great Qing or Qing China, was a Manchu-led imperial dynasty that ruled from 1636 or 1644 until 1912."}, "https://codexery.com/christian-theology/e/christian-theology/asceticism/": {"t": "Asceticism", "s": "Lifestyle of abstinence from worldly pleasures for spiritual goals."}, "https://codexery.com/taboo/e/taboo/naming-taboo/": {"t": "Naming taboo", "s": "A taboo against using exalted persons' names in China and beyond."}, "https://codexery.com/dynasties-and-kingdoms/e/dynasties-and-kingdoms/three-kingdoms/": {"t": "Three Kingdoms", "s": "A partial revival of the old three kingdoms in early medieval Korea."}, "https://codexery.com/east-asian-history/e/east-asian-history/northern-wei/": {"t": "Northern Wei", "s": "The Northern Wei: Unifier of Northern China and Catalyst of Sinicization"}, "https://codexery.com/lakes-of-the-world/e/lakes-of-the-world/poyang-lake/": {"t": "Poyang Lake", "s": "China's largest freshwater lake, a vital wetland for migratory birds and endangered species."}, "https://codexery.com/emperors-of-china/e/emperors-of-china/huan-xuan/": {"t": "Huan Xuan", "s": "Eastern Jin warlord who briefly founded the Huan Chu dynasty."}, "https://codexery.com/chinese-inventors/e/chinese-inventors/zhang-heng/": {"t": "Zhang Heng", "s": "Eastern Han polymath who invented the seismoscope and armillary sphere."}, "https://codexery.com/poets-of-the-ancient-world/e/poets-of-the-ancient-world/cao-zhi/": {"t": "Cao Zhi", "s": "Prince of Cao Wei and influential Jian'an poet.", "i": "https://codexery.com/poets-of-the-ancient-world/img/poets-of-the-ancient-world/cao-zhi.webp", "c": "via Wikipedia: Cao Cao · see source"}, "https://codexery.com/chinese-emperors-and-leaders/e/chinese-emperors-and-leaders/emperor-dezong-of-tang/": {"t": "Emperor Dezong of Tang", "s": "Emperor whose early reforms gave way to unchecked warlordism.", "i": "https://codexery.com/chinese-emperors-and-leaders/img/chinese-emperors-and-leaders/emperor-dezong-of-tang.webp", "c": "AnonymousUnknown author · via Wikipedia: Emperor Dezong of Tang · Public domain"}, "https://codexery.com/chinese-emperors-and-leaders/e/chinese-emperors-and-leaders/emperor-xiaowen-of-northern-wei/": {"t": "Emperor Xiaowen of Northern Wei", "s": "Emperor who sinicized the Northern Wei and reformed land tenure."}, "https://codexery.com/chinese-emperors-and-leaders/e/chinese-emperors-and-leaders/emperor-xianzong-of-tang/": {"t": "Emperor Xianzong of Tang", "s": "Tang emperor who briefly restored imperial authority over warlords."}, "https://codexery.com/cities-of-china/e/cities-of-china/nantong/": {"t": "Nantong", "s": "River port city and early Chinese industrial center."}, "https://codexery.com/cities-of-china/e/cities-of-china/nanchang/": {"t": "Nanchang", "s": "Southern Flourishing: Cradle of the People's Liberation Army"}, "/e/chinese-classical-poets/xie-lingyun/": {"t": "Xie Lingyun", "s": "Chinese poet, Duke of Kangle, pioneer of landscape poetry.", "i": "https://codexery.com/chinese-classical-poets/img/chinese-classical-poets/xie-lingyun.webp", "c": "via Wikipedia: Xie Lingyun · see source"}, "https://codexery.com/classical-medieval-poets/e/classical-and-medieval-poets/li-shangyin/": {"t": "Li Shangyin", "s": "Late Tang poet of imagist and untitled verse", "i": "https://codexery.com/classical-medieval-poets/img/classical-and-medieval-poets/li-shangyin.webp", "c": "via Wikipedia: Classical Chinese poetry · see source"}, "https://codexery.com/writers-poets/e/writers-and-poets/han-yu/": {"t": "Han Yu", "s": "Tang dynasty essayist, Confucian scholar, and prose master who shaped Neo-Confucianism."}, "https://codexery.com/public-holidays-observances/e/public-holidays-and-observances/qingming-festival/": {"t": "Qingming Festival", "s": "Traditional Chinese festival for ancestral tomb-sweeping and spring celebration."}, "https://codexery.com/chinese-folklore/e/chinese-folklore/the-cowherd-and-the-weaver-girl/": {"t": "The Cowherd and the Weaver Girl", "s": "Lovers separated by the Milky Way, reunited yearly by magpies."}, "https://codexery.com/binary-and-multiple-stars/e/binary-and-multiple-stars/altair/": {"t": "Altair", "s": "Altair is a rapidly rotating, oblate A-type star in Aquila."}, "https://codexery.com/literary-works/e/literary-works/the-art-of-war/": {"t": "The Art of War", "s": "Ancient Chinese military treatise attributed to strategist Sun Tzu."}, "https://codexery.com/dynasties-and-kingdoms/e/dynasties-and-kingdoms/yuan-dynasty/": {"t": "Yuan dynasty", "s": "Mongol-led dynasty that ruled all of China proper."}}