{"https://codexery.com/chemistry-materials/e/chemistry-and-materials/inorganic-compound/": {"t": "Inorganic compound", "s": "A chemical compound that lacks carbon–hydrogen bonds, studied in inorganic chemistry."}, "https://codexery.com/chemistry-fundamentals/e/chemistry-fundamentals/chemical-formula/": {"t": "Chemical formula", "s": "A notation showing atomic proportions in a compound.", "i": "https://codexery.com/chemistry-fundamentals/img/chemistry-fundamentals/chemical-formula.webp", "c": "Dharmeshkumar Shah · CC BY-SA 4.0"}, "https://codexery.com/great-lakes-of-the-world/e/great-lakes-of-the-world/great-salt-lake/": {"t": "Great Salt Lake", "s": "Largest saltwater lake in the Western Hemisphere, remnant of Lake Bonneville.", "i": "https://codexery.com/great-lakes-of-the-world/img/great-lakes-of-the-world/great-salt-lake.webp", "c": "Famartin · CC BY-SA 4.0"}, "https://codexery.com/rivers-and-seas-of-the-world/e/rivers-and-seas-of-the-world/dead-sea/": {"t": "Dead Sea", "s": "Lowest land elevation on Earth, deepest hypersaline lake, 9.6 times saltier than the ocean.", "i": "https://codexery.com/rivers-and-seas-of-the-world/img/rivers-and-seas-of-the-world/dead-sea.webp", "c": "Hoshvilim · CC BY-SA 4.0"}, "https://codexery.com/chemistry/e/chemistry/hydrochloric-acid/": {"t": "Hydrochloric acid", "s": "A strong acid essential in digestion, industry, and laboratory chemistry."}, "https://codexery.com/electrochemistry-and-surface-chemistry/e/electrochemistry-and-surface-chemistry/coordination-complex/": {"t": "Coordination complex", "s": "Central metal ion bonded to surrounding ligands via coordinate bonds.", "i": "https://codexery.com/electrochemistry-and-surface-chemistry/img/electrochemistry-and-surface-chemistry/coordination-complex.webp", "c": "Erikvjohnstone · CC BY-SA 4.0"}, "https://codexery.com/chemistry/e/chemistry/electrolysis/": {"t": "Electrolysis", "s": "Breakdown via electricity: using direct current to drive non-spontaneous reactions."}, "https://codexery.com/electrochemistry-and-surface-chemistry/e/electrochemistry-and-surface-chemistry/cathode/": {"t": "Cathode", "s": "Electrode where conventional current leaves a polarized device.", "i": "https://codexery.com/electrochemistry-and-surface-chemistry/img/electrochemistry-and-surface-chemistry/cathode.webp", "c": "Jordan Sawchuk · CC BY-SA 4.0"}, "https://codexery.com/geology-and-landforms/e/geology-and-landforms/aeolian-processes/": {"t": "Aeolian processes", "s": "Wind-driven processes that shape Earth's surface through erosion, transport, and deposition.", "i": "https://codexery.com/geology-and-landforms/img/geology-and-landforms/aeolian-processes.webp", "c": "Laurent Deschodt · CC BY 2.5"}, "https://codexery.com/polymers-and-macromolecules/e/polymers-and-macromolecules/polypropylene/": {"t": "Polypropylene", "s": "A versatile thermoplastic polymer, second only to polyethylene in production volume."}, "https://codexery.com/transportation/e/transportation/highway/": {"t": "Highway", "s": "A public way for travel, from footpaths to motorways."}, "https://codexery.com/electrochemistry-and-surface-chemistry/e/electrochemistry-and-surface-chemistry/electrolyte/": {"t": "Electrolyte", "s": "Substance conducting electricity through ion movement, vital in biology and technology.", "i": "https://codexery.com/electrochemistry-and-surface-chemistry/img/electrochemistry-and-surface-chemistry/electrolyte.webp", "c": "Ajay Kumar Chaurasiya · CC BY-SA 4.0"}, "https://codexery.com/chemistry-materials/e/chemistry-and-materials/magnesium-sulfate/": {"t": "Magnesium sulfate", "s": "A versatile salt used in agriculture, medicine, and industry."}, "https://codexery.com/physiology-metabolism/e/physiology-and-metabolism/gastrointestinal-tract/": {"t": "Gastrointestinal tract", "s": "The digestive passageway from mouth to anus."}, "https://codexery.com/common-diseases-disorders/e/common-diseases-and-disorders/glaucoma/": {"t": "Glaucoma", "s": "A group of eye diseases that can damage the optic nerve."}, "https://codexery.com/common-diseases-disorders/e/common-diseases-and-disorders/dehydration/": {"t": "Dehydration", "s": "A lack of total body water disrupting metabolic processes."}, "https://codexery.com/common-diseases-disorders/e/common-diseases-and-disorders/diabetes/": {"t": "Diabetes", "s": "A group of endocrine diseases marked by high blood sugar."}, "https://codexery.com/addictive-substances-medications/e/addictive-substances-and-medications/heroin/": {"t": "Heroin", "s": "Heroin, known chemically as diacetylmorphine or diamorphine, is an opioid derived from the dried latex of the opium poppy."}, "https://codexery.com/addictive-substances-medications/e/addictive-substances-and-medications/fentanyl/": {"t": "Fentanyl", "s": "Fentanyl is a synthetic opioid from the piperidine class, roughly 50 to 100 times stronger than morphine."}, "https://codexery.com/addictive-substances-medications/e/addictive-substances-and-medications/cocaine/": {"t": "Cocaine", "s": "CNS stimulant derived from coca leaves, with limited medical use."}, "https://codexery.com/blood-disorders/e/blood-disorders/hypovolemia/": {"t": "Hypovolemia", "s": "Abnormally low extracellular fluid volume, distinct from dehydration."}, "https://codexery.com/botany-plant-biology/e/botany-and-plant-biology/starch/": {"t": "Starch", "s": "A polysaccharide energy store in plants and human staple."}, "https://codexery.com/cell-and-molecular-biology/e/cell-and-molecular-biology/maltose/": {"t": "Maltose", "s": "A disaccharide sugar formed from two glucose units."}, "https://codexery.com/chemistry-materials/e/chemistry-and-materials/lactic-acid/": {"t": "Lactic acid", "s": "Organic acid central to metabolism, industry, and medicine."}, "https://codexery.com/chemistry-fundamentals/e/chemistry-fundamentals/acetic-acid/": {"t": "Acetic acid", "s": "The second simplest carboxylic acid, key to vinegar and industrial chemistry.", "i": "https://codexery.com/chemistry-fundamentals/img/chemistry-fundamentals/acetic-acid.webp", "c": "Michael D. Turnbull · CC0"}, "https://codexery.com/chemistry-materials/e/chemistry-and-materials/organic-compound/": {"t": "Organic compound", "s": "Carbon-based compounds central to life and chemistry."}, "https://codexery.com/herbs-spices/e/herbs-and-spices/peppermint/": {"t": "Peppermint", "s": "A hybrid mint widely used for flavor and fragrance."}, "https://codexery.com/organic-chemistry-and-reaction-mechanism/e/organic-chemistry-and-reaction-mechanisms/cahn-ingold-prelog-priority-rules/": {"t": "Cahn–Ingold–Prelog priority rules", "s": "Standard process for naming stereoisomers of organic molecules.", "i": "https://codexery.com/organic-chemistry-and-reaction-mechanism/img/organic-chemistry-and-reaction-mechanisms/cahn-ingold-prelog-priority-rules.webp", "c": "T.vanschaik · CC BY-SA 4.0"}, "https://codexery.com/medications-and-drugs/e/medications-and-drugs/local-anesthetic/": {"t": "Local anesthetic", "s": "Medication causing local loss of sensation without unconsciousness.", "i": "https://codexery.com/medications-and-drugs/img/medications-and-drugs/local-anesthetic.webp", "c": "Seaborg · CC BY-SA 3.0"}, "https://codexery.com/reaction-mechanisms-and-kinetics/e/reaction-mechanisms-and-kinetics/stereochemistry/": {"t": "Stereochemistry", "s": "The study of spatial arrangements of atoms in molecules and their manipulation."}, "https://codexery.com/organic-chemistry-and-reaction-mechanism/e/organic-chemistry-and-reaction-mechanisms/enantiomer/": {"t": "Enantiomer", "s": "Mirror-image molecules that are non-superposable and rotate polarized light."}, "https://codexery.com/ingredients/e/ingredients/chili-pepper/": {"t": "Chili pepper", "s": "Spicy fruits from the Capsicum genus, originating in Peru and Bolivia."}, "https://codexery.com/physiology-medicine/e/physiology-and-medicine/analgesic/": {"t": "Analgesic", "s": "Drugs used for pain management, distinct from anesthetics."}, "https://codexery.com/medications-and-pharmacology/e/medications-and-pharmacology/propofol/": {"t": "Propofol", "s": "Intravenous anesthetic used for induction and maintenance of general anesthesia."}, "https://codexery.com/physiology-medicine/e/physiology-and-medicine/alzheimer-s-disease/": {"t": "Alzheimer's disease", "s": "A progressive neurodegenerative disease and the most common cause of dementia."}, "https://codexery.com/reaction-mechanisms-and-kinetics/e/reaction-mechanisms-and-kinetics/isomerization/": {"t": "Isomerization", "s": "Process transforming molecules into isomers with different structures."}, "https://codexery.com/chemical-reactors-and-processes/e/chemical-reactors-and-processes/filtration/": {"t": "Filtration", "s": "Physical process separating solids from fluids via a filter medium."}, "https://codexery.com/organic-chemistry-and-reaction-mechanism/e/organic-chemistry-and-reaction-mechanisms/enantioselective-synthesis/": {"t": "Enantioselective synthesis", "s": "Chemical synthesis favoring one enantiomer over another."}, "https://codexery.com/food-drink/e/food-and-drink/root-beer/": {"t": "Root beer", "s": "A North American beverage with a foamy head and a history dating back to the 18th century."}, "https://codexery.com/chemistry-materials/e/chemistry-and-materials/methanol/": {"t": "Methanol", "s": "Simplest alcohol, key industrial chemical, and space marker."}, "https://codexery.com/plant-families/e/plant-families/ericaceae/": {"t": "Ericaceae", "s": "The heath or heather family: a diverse group of plants thriving in acidic, infertile conditions."}, "https://codexery.com/plant-families/e/plant-families/rosaceae/": {"t": "Rosaceae", "s": "A flowering plant family including many edible fruits and ornamentals."}, "https://codexery.com/optics-and-color/e/optics-and-color/fluorescence/": {"t": "Fluorescence", "s": "Emission of light from a substance after absorbing radiation."}, "https://codexery.com/electromagnetism-and-radiation/e/electromagnetism-and-radiation/ultraviolet/": {"t": "Ultraviolet", "s": "Electromagnetic radiation beyond violet, with both harmful and beneficial effects."}, "https://codexery.com/chemistry/e/chemistry/ethanol/": {"t": "Ethanol", "s": "Organic compound, CNS depressant, active ingredient in alcoholic beverages."}, "https://codexery.com/chemistry/e/chemistry/formaldehyde/": {"t": "Formaldehyde", "s": "Simplest aldehyde, key industrial chemical, and atmospheric pollutant."}, "https://codexery.com/sodium-compounds/e/sodium-compounds/sodium-hydroxide/": {"t": "Sodium hydroxide", "s": "Caustic soda: a strong base and nucleophile used in industry and chemistry education."}, "https://codexery.com/chemistry-materials/e/chemistry-and-materials/organic-chemistry/": {"t": "Organic chemistry", "s": "Study of carbon compounds, basis of life and industry."}, "https://codexery.com/chemistry-fundamentals/e/chemistry-fundamentals/ammonia/": {"t": "Ammonia", "s": "A colourless gas with a pungent smell, vital for fertilizers."}, "https://codexery.com/addictive-substances-medications/e/addictive-substances-and-medications/ephedrine/": {"t": "Ephedrine", "s": "A CNS stimulant used for anesthesia and historically for asthma."}, "https://codexery.com/american-thriller-television-series/e/american-thriller-television-series/breaking-bad/": {"t": "Breaking Bad", "s": "A chemistry teacher turns to meth after a cancer diagnosis."}, "https://codexery.com/chemistry-materials/e/chemistry-and-materials/lanthanum/": {"t": "Lanthanum", "s": "Lanthanum, atomic number 57 and symbol La, is a silvery-white metal that is soft and ductile."}, "https://codexery.com/chemistry-materials/e/chemistry-and-materials/neodymium/": {"t": "Neodymium", "s": "A rare-earth metal used in powerful magnets and lasers."}, "https://codexery.com/chemistry-materials/e/chemistry-and-materials/lanthanide/": {"t": "Lanthanide", "s": "15 metallic elements from lanthanum to lutetium, filling 4f orbitals."}, "https://codexery.com/chemical-elements-metals/e/chemical-elements-and-metals/praseodymium/": {"t": "Praseodymium", "s": "The leek-green twin among rare-earth metals."}, "https://codexery.com/periodic-table-elements/e/periodic-table-and-elements/lutetium/": {"t": "Lutetium", "s": "A rare earth element discovered amid priority disputes."}, "https://codexery.com/chemical-elements/e/chemical-elements/thorium/": {"t": "Thorium", "s": "Thorium is the chemical element known by the symbol Th and the atomic number 90.", "i": "https://codexery.com/chemical-elements/img/chemical-elements/thorium.webp", "c": "ThaLibster · CC BY-SA 4.0"}, "https://codexery.com/minerals-and-gems/e/minerals-and-gems/monazite/": {"t": "Monazite", "s": "A phosphate mineral group and ore for rare-earth elements."}, "https://codexery.com/chemical-reactors-and-processes/e/chemical-reactors-and-processes/cracking-chemistry/": {"t": "Cracking (chemistry)", "s": "Cracking breaks large hydrocarbons into smaller, more useful molecules.", "i": "https://codexery.com/chemical-reactors-and-processes/img/chemical-reactors-and-processes/cracking-chemistry.webp", "c": "Wikimedia Commons · CC BY 4.0"}, "https://codexery.com/chemical-elements-metals/e/chemical-elements-and-metals/radium/": {"t": "Radium", "s": "Radioactive alkaline earth metal discovered by the Curies."}, "https://codexery.com/inorganic-compounds-materials/e/inorganic-compounds-and-materials/hydrogen-chloride/": {"t": "Hydrogen chloride", "s": "A colorless gas forming hydrochloric acid with water."}, "https://codexery.com/inorganic-compounds-materials/e/inorganic-compounds-and-materials/halide/": {"t": "Halide", "s": "Binary compounds of halogens with less electronegative elements.", "i": "https://codexery.com/inorganic-compounds-materials/img/inorganic-compounds-and-materials/halide.webp", "c": "Wikimedia Commons · Public domain"}, "https://codexery.com/chemical-elements-metals/e/chemical-elements-and-metals/samarium/": {"t": "Samarium", "s": "A lanthanide metal used in magnets, medicine, and nuclear reactors."}, "https://codexery.com/energy-power/e/energy-and-power/petroleum/": {"t": "Petroleum", "s": "A fossil fuel central to modern industry and climate change."}, "https://codexery.com/chemical-reactors-and-processes/e/chemical-reactors-and-processes/fractional-distillation/": {"t": "Fractional distillation", "s": "Separates liquid mixtures by boiling point using vaporization and condensation."}, "https://codexery.com/transportation/e/transportation/kerosene/": {"t": "Kerosene", "s": "Combustible hydrocarbon liquid derived from petroleum, used as fuel."}, "https://codexery.com/public-holidays-observances/e/public-holidays-and-observances/shabbat/": {"t": "Shabbat", "s": "Judaism's weekly day of rest and spiritual contemplation."}, "https://codexery.com/ingredients/e/ingredients/olive-oil/": {"t": "Olive oil", "s": "A staple of Mediterranean cuisine, olive oil is pressed from olives and used in cooking, cosmetics, and more."}, "/e/chemical-substances-and-materials/rosin/": {"t": "Rosin", "s": "Resin from pines used for grip, adhesives, and food."}, "https://codexery.com/languages-of-the-world/e/languages-of-the-world/ukrainian-language/": {"t": "Ukrainian language", "s": "East Slavic language of Ukraine, with deep historical roots."}, "https://codexery.com/specific-languages/e/specific-languages/estonian-language/": {"t": "Estonian language", "s": "Estonian: a Finnic language of Estonia, one of the EU's non-Indo-European tongues."}, "https://codexery.com/languages-and-writing-systems/e/languages-and-writing-systems/persian-language/": {"t": "Persian language", "s": "Persian is a Western Iranian language with three standard varieties."}, "https://codexery.com/fifa-world-cup/e/honours/croatia/": {"t": "Croatia", "s": "A country in Central and Southeastern Europe on the Adriatic Sea, with a rich history and a modern high-income economy."}, "https://codexery.com/fifa-world-cup/e/honours/italy/": {"t": "Italy", "s": "A cultural superpower with the eighth-largest economy and the most UNESCO sites."}, "https://codexery.com/chemistry/e/chemistry/hydrocarbon/": {"t": "Hydrocarbon", "s": "Organic compounds of hydrogen and carbon, key to global energy."}, "https://codexery.com/chemistry-fundamentals/e/chemistry-fundamentals/aromatic-compound/": {"t": "Aromatic compound", "s": "Cyclic conjugated compounds defined by Hückel's rule."}, "/e/chemical-substances-and-materials/naphtha/": {"t": "Naphtha", "s": "Flammable hydrocarbon mixture used as fuel, dilutant, and plastic feedstock."}, "https://codexery.com/reaction-mechanisms-and-kinetics/e/reaction-mechanisms-and-kinetics/valence-bond-theory/": {"t": "Valence bond theory", "s": "One of two basic quantum theories of chemical bonding."}, "https://codexery.com/reaction-mechanisms-and-kinetics/e/reaction-mechanisms-and-kinetics/resonance-chemistry/": {"t": "Resonance (chemistry)", "s": "A bonding description using averaged contributing structures."}, "https://codexery.com/chemistry/e/chemistry/electronvolt/": {"t": "Electronvolt", "s": "Unit of energy gained by an electron through one volt."}, "https://codexery.com/reaction-mechanisms-and-kinetics/e/reaction-mechanisms-and-kinetics/substitution-reaction/": {"t": "Substitution reaction", "s": "A reaction replacing one functional group with another."}, "https://codexery.com/chemistry-fundamentals/e/chemistry-fundamentals/alkene/": {"t": "Alkene", "s": "Alkenes: acyclic hydrocarbons with one double bond, part of the broader olefin class."}, "https://codexery.com/chemistry-fundamentals/e/chemistry-fundamentals/alcohol-chemistry/": {"t": "Alcohol (chemistry)", "s": "Organic compounds with a hydroxyl group on a saturated carbon atom.", "i": "https://codexery.com/chemistry-fundamentals/img/chemistry-fundamentals/alcohol-chemistry.webp", "c": "Job I · Public domain"}, "https://codexery.com/acids-and-bases/e/acids-and-bases/phosphoric-acid/": {"t": "Phosphoric acid", "s": "A major industrial acid used primarily in fertilizers."}, "https://codexery.com/biochemistry-and-cell-biology/e/biochemistry-and-cell-biology/cellulose/": {"t": "Cellulose", "s": "The most abundant organic polymer on Earth, essential for plant cell walls and industrial products."}, "https://codexery.com/chemistry-materials/e/chemistry-and-materials/nitric-acid/": {"t": "Nitric acid", "s": "A highly corrosive mineral acid used in nitration and as a strong oxidizing agent."}, "https://codexery.com/construction-materials/e/construction-and-materials/adhesive/": {"t": "Adhesive", "s": "A non-metallic substance that binds surfaces together, with a history spanning over 200,000 years.", "i": "https://codexery.com/construction-materials/img/construction-and-materials/adhesive.webp", "c": "Cjp24 · CC BY-SA 3.0"}, "https://codexery.com/chemistry-fundamentals/e/chemistry-fundamentals/acetone/": {"t": "Acetone", "s": "Simplest ketone, key solvent and industrial precursor.", "i": "https://codexery.com/chemistry-fundamentals/img/chemistry-fundamentals/acetone.webp", "c": "Fvasconcellos · Public domain"}, "https://codexery.com/acids-and-bases/e/acids-and-bases/oxalic-acid/": {"t": "Oxalic acid", "s": "Simplest dicarboxylic acid, used in cleaning and metal chelation."}, "https://codexery.com/english-inventions/e/english-inventions/celluloid/": {"t": "Celluloid", "s": "A nitrocellulose and camphor plastic, first made in 1855."}, "https://codexery.com/derelict-landers/e/derelict-landers/philae-spacecraft/": {"t": "Philae (spacecraft)", "s": "First spacecraft to land on a comet nucleus."}, "https://codexery.com/inventors/e/great-inventors/alfred-nobel/": {"t": "Alfred Nobel", "s": "Swedish inventor of dynamite and founder of the Nobel Prizes.", "i": "https://codexery.com/inventors/img/great-inventors/alfred-nobel.webp", "c": "via Wikipedia: Alfred Nobel · see source"}, "https://codexery.com/agriculture-food/e/agriculture-and-food/cotton/": {"t": "Cotton", "s": "Natural fiber from Gossypium plants, widely used in textiles."}, "https://codexery.com/writers-poets/e/writers-and-poets/jules-verne/": {"t": "Jules Verne", "s": "French novelist, poet, and playwright; creator of the Voyages extraordinaires."}, "https://codexery.com/space-exploration-novels/e/space-exploration-novels/from-the-earth-to-the-moon/": {"t": "From the Earth to the Moon", "s": "1865 novel about a Moon shot via giant cannon."}, "https://codexery.com/rebellions-against-the-united-states/e/rebellions-against-the-united-states/american-civil-war/": {"t": "American Civil War", "s": "Civil war between the Union and Confederacy over slavery and secession."}, "https://codexery.com/manufacturing-and-materials/e/manufacturing-and-materials/plastic/": {"t": "Plastic", "s": "Synthetic materials defined by plasticity, widely used since the early 20th century."}, "/e/chemical-substances-and-materials/nitrocellulose/": {"t": "Nitrocellulose", "s": "Highly flammable compound used in explosives, photography, and lacquers.", "i": "https://codexery.com/chemical-substances-and-materials/img/chemical-substances-and-materials/nitrocellulose.webp", "c": "Aleksander Sobolewski · CC BY-SA 4.0"}, "https://codexery.com/german-states/e/german-states/hamburg/": {"t": "Hamburg", "s": "Second-largest German city and major Hanseatic port."}, "https://codexery.com/cities/e/landmark-cities/san-francisco/": {"t": "San Francisco", "s": "The City by the Bay, a center of liberal activism and innovation."}, "https://codexery.com/cardiovascular-blood/e/cardiovascular-and-blood/blood-pressure/": {"t": "Blood pressure", "s": "A vital sign measuring pressure of circulating blood against vessel walls."}, "https://codexery.com/revolutions-and-conflicts/e/revolutions-and-conflicts/world-war-i/": {"t": "World War I", "s": "The First World War, a global conflict from 1914 to 1918, was fought between the Allied and Central Powers."}, "https://codexery.com/major-wars/e/major-wars/second-world-war/": {"t": "Second World War", "s": "Global conflict between Allies and Axis, deadliest in history."}, "https://codexery.com/engineering-disciplines/e/engineering-disciplines/military-engineering/": {"t": "Military engineering", "s": "Military engineering shapes the physical operating environment for armed forces."}, "https://codexery.com/english-counties/e/english-counties/dorset/": {"t": "Dorset", "s": "A ceremonial county in South West England with a varied landscape and a coastline largely part of the Jurassic Coast World Heritage Site."}, "https://codexery.com/units-measurement/e/units-and-measurement/mole-unit/": {"t": "Mole (unit)", "s": "SI base unit for amount of substance."}, "https://codexery.com/named-stars/e/named-stars/sun/": {"t": "Sun", "s": "The Sun is the central star of the Solar System."}, "https://codexery.com/materials-and-states-of-matter/e/materials-and-states-of-matter/liquid/": {"t": "Liquid", "s": "A state of matter with definite volume but no fixed shape."}, "https://codexery.com/materials-and-states-of-matter/e/materials-and-states-of-matter/solid/": {"t": "Solid", "s": "A state of matter with tightly bound atoms and structural rigidity."}, "https://codexery.com/languages-and-dialects/e/languages-and-dialects/greek-language/": {"t": "Greek language", "s": "Greek is the world's oldest recorded living language."}, "https://codexery.com/electromagnetism/e/electromagnetism/dipole/": {"t": "Dipole", "s": "Electromagnetic phenomenon with electric and magnetic forms."}, "https://codexery.com/chemical-elements-metals/e/chemical-elements-and-metals/platinum/": {"t": "Platinum", "s": "The most ductile pure metal, a noble and precious element with critical industrial and medical uses."}, "https://codexery.com/chemistry-materials/e/chemistry-and-materials/iridium/": {"t": "Iridium", "s": "Iridium is a chemical element with the symbol Ir and atomic number 77."}, "https://codexery.com/electricity-and-magnetism/e/electricity-and-magnetism/insulator-electricity/": {"t": "Insulator (electricity)", "s": "Material that resists electric current flow."}, "https://codexery.com/chemistry-fundamentals/e/chemistry-fundamentals/alkane/": {"t": "Alkane", "s": "Acyclic saturated hydrocarbons forming a homologous series."}, "https://codexery.com/chemistry-fundamentals/e/chemistry-fundamentals/benzene/": {"t": "Benzene", "s": "A foundational aromatic hydrocarbon with industrial and health significance."}, "https://codexery.com/chemistry/e/chemistry/ester/": {"t": "Ester", "s": "Esters are organyl derivatives of acids with varied uses."}, "https://codexery.com/polymers-and-macromolecules/e/polymers-and-macromolecules/polytetrafluoroethylene/": {"t": "Polytetrafluoroethylene", "s": "Accidentally discovered fluoropolymer used widely for non-stick and chemical resistance."}, "https://codexery.com/units-measurement/e/units-and-measurement/kelvin/": {"t": "Kelvin", "s": "British scientist who developed the absolute temperature scale."}, "https://codexery.com/apollo-16/e/apollo-16/lunar-roving-vehicle/": {"t": "Lunar Roving Vehicle", "s": "Battery-powered rover used on three Apollo Moon missions.", "i": "https://codexery.com/apollo-16/img/apollo-16/lunar-roving-vehicle.webp", "c": "NASA / Harrison H. 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"https://codexery.com/sports-and-games/e/sports-and-games/baseball/": {"t": "Baseball", "s": "A bat-and-ball sport with nine players per team."}, "https://codexery.com/nonfiction-and-reference/e/part-1/natural-history-pliny/": {"t": "Natural History (Pliny)", "s": "The ancient encyclopedia that shaped natural history."}, "https://codexery.com/scientists-and-mathematicians/e/scientists-and-mathematicians/pliny-the-elder/": {"t": "Pliny the Elder", "s": "Roman author and naturalist who wrote the encyclopedic Natural History and died rescuing others from Mount Vesuvius."}, "https://codexery.com/russian-cities/e/russian-cities/arkhangelsk/": {"t": "Arkhangelsk", "s": "Gateway to the Arctic and historic White Sea port."}, "https://codexery.com/chemical-elements-metals/e/chemical-elements-and-metals/potassium/": {"t": "Potassium", "s": "Soft alkali metal essential to life and widely used in fertilizers."}, "https://codexery.com/minerals-ore-deposits/e/minerals-and-ore-deposits/sylvite/": {"t": "Sylvite", "s": "Potassium chloride mineral used as fertilizer and historically in infrared optics."}, "https://codexery.com/rocks-and-minerals/e/rocks-and-minerals/halite/": {"t": "Halite", "s": "Mineral form of sodium chloride, used for salt and de-icing."}, "https://codexery.com/regions-cultural-spheres/e/regions-and-cultural-spheres/north-america/": {"t": "North America", "s": "Third-largest continent by area; fourth-largest by population.", "i": "https://codexery.com/regions-cultural-spheres/img/regions-and-cultural-spheres/north-america.webp", "c": "via Wikipedia: North America · see source"}, "https://codexery.com/algae-and-protists/e/algae-and-protists/kelp/": {"t": "Kelp", "s": "Large brown algae forming dense underwater forests."}, "https://codexery.com/fifa-world-cup/e/honours/england/": {"t": "England", "s": "Land of the Angles, birthplace of football and the Industrial Revolution."}, "https://codexery.com/countries-and-territories/e/countries-and-territories/eritrea/": {"t": "Eritrea", "s": "Eritrea, officially the State of Eritrea, sits in the Horn of Africa on the eastern side of the continent."}, "https://codexery.com/geology-earth-surface/e/geology-and-earth-surface/sedimentary-rock/": {"t": "Sedimentary rock", "s": "Sedimentary rocks record Earth's history and provide vital resources."}, "https://codexery.com/chemistry-fundamentals/e/chemistry-fundamentals/amine/": {"t": "Amine", "s": "Organic compounds with carbon–nitrogen bonds derived from ammonia."}, "/e/chemical-substances-and-materials/potash/": {"t": "Potash", "s": "Potash is a potassium salt used in fertilizer and industry."}, "https://codexery.com/inorganic-compounds-materials/e/inorganic-compounds-and-materials/ferrocyanide/": {"t": "Ferrocyanide", "s": "An iron-cyanide complex used in pigments and anticaking agents.", "i": "https://codexery.com/inorganic-compounds-materials/img/inorganic-compounds-and-materials/ferrocyanide.webp", "c": "Xhmikos · CC BY 3.0"}, "https://codexery.com/chemistry-fundamentals/e/chemistry-fundamentals/chemical-synthesis/": {"t": "Chemical synthesis", "s": "Artificial execution of chemical reactions to obtain products.", "i": "https://codexery.com/chemistry-fundamentals/img/chemistry-fundamentals/chemical-synthesis.webp", "c": "KlijnB · CC0"}, "https://codexery.com/ancient-egypt/e/ancient-egypt/egyptian-blue/": {"t": "Egyptian blue", "s": "First synthetic pigment, used in ancient Egypt for millennia."}, "https://codexery.com/gemstones/e/gemstones/lapis-lazuli/": {"t": "Lapis lazuli", "s": "A deep-blue metamorphic rock prized since antiquity for its intense color and use in ultramarine pigment."}, "https://codexery.com/historical-figures/e/notable/gottfried-wilhelm-leibniz/": {"t": "Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz", "s": "German polymath and co-creator of calculus"}, 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and many elements.", "i": "https://codexery.com/chemists-and-biochemists/img/chemists-and-biochemists/carl-wilhelm-scheele.webp", "c": "Johann Gottfried Scheffner · via Wikipedia: Carl Wilhelm Scheele · PDM-owner"}, "https://codexery.com/chemistry/e/chemistry/cyanide/": {"t": "Cyanide", "s": "A highly toxic compound used industrially and found in nature.", "i": "https://codexery.com/chemistry/img/chemistry/cyanide.webp", "c": "NegativeZ · CC0"}, "https://codexery.com/reaction-mechanisms-and-kinetics/e/reaction-mechanisms-and-kinetics/redox/": {"t": "Redox", "s": "Chemical reactions where oxidation states change via electron or atom transfer."}, "https://codexery.com/crystallography/e/crystallography/crystallite/": {"t": "Crystallite", "s": "Small crystals that form the grains of most solid materials."}, "https://codexery.com/chemical-bonding-and-structure/e/chemical-bonding-and-structure/hydrogen-bond/": {"t": "Hydrogen bond", "s": "A partial-covalent molecular interaction between a protic hydrogen and an electronegative acceptor."}, "https://codexery.com/particle-and-nuclear-physics/e/particle-and-nuclear-physics/radioactive-decay/": {"t": "Radioactive decay", "s": "Unstable atomic nuclei lose energy by emitting radiation."}, "https://codexery.com/surgery-trauma/e/surgery-and-trauma/biopsy/": {"t": "Biopsy", "s": "A medical test extracting cells or tissues for disease diagnosis."}, "https://codexery.com/separation-and-purification-techniques/e/separation-and-purification-techniques/ultrafiltration/": {"t": "Ultrafiltration", "s": "Pressure-driven membrane separation for purifying and concentrating macromolecular solutions."}, "https://codexery.com/food-and-drink/e/food-and-drink/drinking-water/": {"t": "Drinking water", "s": "Water safe for ingestion, essential for health, scarce for billions."}, "https://codexery.com/aquarium-water-chemistry/e/aquarium-water-chemistry/hard-water/": {"t": "Hard water", "s": "Hard water has high mineral content, affecting soap and 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"https://codexery.com/international-organizations-and-agreemen/e/international-organizations-and-agreements/international-organization-for-standardization/": {"t": "International Organization for Standardization", "s": "Independent developer of global technical and nontechnical standards."}, "https://codexery.com/chemical-elements/e/chemical-elements/tin/": {"t": "Tin", "s": "A soft, silvery-white post-transition metal with the largest number of stable isotopes.", "i": "https://codexery.com/chemical-elements/img/chemical-elements/tin.webp", "c": "Farmers' Trading Company · CC BY 4.0"}, "https://codexery.com/battery-types/e/battery-types/lead-acid-battery/": {"t": "Lead–acid battery", "s": "First rechargeable battery, still widely used for surge currents."}, "https://codexery.com/ancient-inventions/e/ancient-inventions/clothes-iron/": {"t": "Clothes iron", "s": "A heated appliance for pressing clothes to remove wrinkles."}, "https://codexery.com/fishkeeping/e/fishkeeping/aquarium/": 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