{"/e/cellular-biology/cell-death/": {"t": "Cell death", "s": "Cell death is the cessation of a cell's functions."}, "/e/cellular-biology/necrosis/": {"t": "Necrosis", "s": "Unregulated cell death causing inflammation and tissue damage."}, "https://codexery.com/cell-and-molecular-biology/e/cell-and-molecular-biology/programmed-cell-death/": {"t": "Programmed cell death", "s": "Cell death from internal events, crucial for development and homeostasis."}, "https://codexery.com/eukaryote-groups-and-taxonomy/e/eukaryote-groups-and-taxonomy/eukaryote/": {"t": "Eukaryote", "s": "Cellular organisms with a membrane-bound nucleus and organelles, including animals, plants, fungi, and protists."}, "https://codexery.com/microbiology-and-cell-biology/e/microbiology-and-cell-biology/microorganism/": {"t": "Microorganism", "s": "Microscopic organisms that shape life, health, and history."}, "https://codexery.com/molecular-biology/e/molecular-biology/biochemistry/": {"t": "Biochemistry", "s": "Study of chemical processes within and relating to living organisms."}, "/e/cellular-biology/pyknosis/": {"t": "Pyknosis", "s": "Irreversible condensation of chromatin in dying cells."}, "https://codexery.com/reproduction-and-development/e/reproduction-and-development/embryo/": {"t": "Embryo", "s": "Initial developmental stage of a multicellular organism."}, "https://codexery.com/historical-figures/e/notable/hippocrates/": {"t": "Hippocrates", "s": "Father of Medicine who separated medicine from religion and emphasized natural causes of disease."}, "https://codexery.com/historical-figures/e/notable/galen/": {"t": "Galen", "s": "Roman and Greek physician whose medical theories dominated for over 1,300 years."}, "https://codexery.com/ancient-greek-astronomers/e/ancient-greek-astronomers/ptolemy/": {"t": "Ptolemy", "s": "Greco-Roman scholar who authored the Almagest and Geography."}, "https://codexery.com/transportation/e/transportation/helicopter/": {"t": "Helicopter", "s": "A rotorcraft achieving vertical flight via horizontally spinning rotors."}, "https://codexery.com/insect-families/e/insect-families/lepidoptera/": {"t": "Lepidoptera", "s": "Order of insects including butterflies and moths, with scaled wings."}, "https://codexery.com/cell-and-molecular-biology/e/cell-and-molecular-biology/mitochondria/": {"t": "Mitochondria", "s": "Double-membraned organelles that produce cellular energy as ATP."}, "https://codexery.com/biochemistry-and-cell-biology/e/biochemistry-and-cell-biology/cellular-respiration/": {"t": "Cellular respiration", "s": "The metabolic pathways inside eukaryotic cells: aerobic respiration takes place in the mitochondrion where oxygen is reduced into water."}, "https://codexery.com/cell-and-molecular-biology/e/cell-and-molecular-biology/membrane-potential/": {"t": "Membrane potential", "s": "The electric potential difference across a biological cell membrane.", "i": "https://codexery.com/cell-and-molecular-biology/img/cell-and-molecular-biology/membrane-potential.webp", "c": "Д.Ильин: vectorization · via Wikipedia: Membrane potential · CC0"}, "https://codexery.com/biochemistry-and-cell-biology/e/biochemistry-and-cell-biology/adenosine-triphosphate/": {"t": "Adenosine triphosphate", "s": "The molecular unit of currency for intracellular energy transfer."}, "/e/cellular-biology/cytosol/": {"t": "Cytosol", "s": "Liquid matrix of the cytoplasm, site of many metabolic reactions."}, "/e/cellular-biology/apoptosis/": {"t": "Apoptosis", "s": "Programmed cell death: a regulated process essential for life and implicated in disease."}, "https://codexery.com/animal-anatomy/e/animal-anatomy/cell-biology/": {"t": "Cell (biology)", "s": "The fundamental unit of all known life.", "i": "https://codexery.com/animal-anatomy/img/animal-anatomy/cell-biology.webp", "c": "DataBase Center for Life Science (DBCLS) · CC BY 4.0"}, "https://codexery.com/physiology-metabolism/e/physiology-and-metabolism/homeostasis/": {"t": "Homeostasis", "s": "State of steady internal conditions maintained by living organisms."}, "/e/cellular-biology/cytoplasm/": {"t": "Cytoplasm", "s": "Cytoplasm is the cell material outside the nucleus."}, "https://codexery.com/baking/e/baking/yeast/": {"t": "Yeast", "s": "Unicellular fungi essential for fermentation and biological research."}, "https://codexery.com/cell-and-molecular-biology/e/cell-and-molecular-biology/organelle/": {"t": "Organelle", "s": "Specialized subunit within a cell with a specific function"}, "/e/cellular-biology/biological-membrane/": {"t": "Biological membrane", "s": "A selectively permeable membrane defining cell boundaries and compartments."}, "https://codexery.com/cell-and-molecular-biology/e/cell-and-molecular-biology/phospholipid/": {"t": "Phospholipid", "s": "Amphiphilic lipids essential for cell membrane structure and brain function.", "i": "https://codexery.com/cell-and-molecular-biology/img/cell-and-molecular-biology/phospholipid.webp", "c": "explorebiology · via Wikipedia: Phospholipid · CC BY 4.0"}, "https://codexery.com/cell-and-molecular-biology/e/cell-and-molecular-biology/membrane-protein/": {"t": "Membrane protein", "s": "Membrane proteins are common, diverse, and key drug targets.", "i": "https://codexery.com/cell-and-molecular-biology/img/cell-and-molecular-biology/membrane-protein.webp", "c": "Somepics · via Wikipedia: Membrane protein · CC BY-SA 4.0"}, "https://codexery.com/cell-and-molecular-biology/e/cell-and-molecular-biology/protein/": {"t": "Protein", "s": "Essential biomolecules that catalyze, structure, and regulate life."}, "https://codexery.com/biochemistry-and-cell-biology/e/biochemistry-and-cell-biology/amino-acid/": {"t": "Amino acid", "s": "The building blocks of proteins, with 20 standard α-amino acids directly encoded by the genetic code and two rare ones incorporated via recoding."}, "https://codexery.com/carcinogenesis/e/carcinogenesis/reactive-oxygen-species/": {"t": "Reactive oxygen species", "s": "Reactive oxygen species are chemically reactive molecules derived from oxygen."}, "https://codexery.com/cell-and-molecular-biology/e/cell-and-molecular-biology/signal-transduction/": {"t": "Signal transduction", "s": "Process transmitting chemical or physical signals through cells.", "i": "https://codexery.com/cell-and-molecular-biology/img/cell-and-molecular-biology/signal-transduction.webp", "c": "cybertory · via Wikipedia: Signal transduction · CC BY-SA 3.0"}, "https://codexery.com/physiology-metabolism/e/physiology-and-metabolism/hemostasis/": {"t": "Hemostasis", "s": "The body's innate process to stop bleeding and begin wound healing."}, "https://codexery.com/sonic-the-hedgehog/e/characters/sonic-hedgehog-protein/": {"t": "Sonic hedgehog protein", "s": "Morphogen that patterns embryonic development via concentration gradients."}, "https://codexery.com/reproduction-and-development/e/reproduction-and-development/animal-embryonic-development/": {"t": "Animal embryonic development", "s": "Process from fertilized egg to multicellular embryo."}, "https://codexery.com/molecular-biology/e/molecular-biology/g-protein-coupled-receptor/": {"t": "G protein-coupled receptor", "s": "Cell surface receptors that detect external signals and activate G proteins."}, "https://codexery.com/cell-and-molecular-biology/e/cell-and-molecular-biology/second-messenger-system/": {"t": "Second messenger system", "s": "Intracellular messengers that amplify and propagate extracellular signals.", "i": "https://codexery.com/cell-and-molecular-biology/img/cell-and-molecular-biology/second-messenger-system.webp", "c": "explorebiology · via Wikipedia: Second messenger system · CC BY 4.0"}, "https://codexery.com/physiology-medicine/e/physiology-and-medicine/alzheimer-s-disease/": {"t": "Alzheimer's disease", "s": "A progressive neurodegenerative disease and the most common cause of dementia."}, "https://codexery.com/cystic-fibrosis/e/cystic-fibrosis/cystic-fibrosis-transmembrane-conductance-regulator/": {"t": "Cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator", "s": "Anion channel whose mutations cause cystic fibrosis."}, "https://codexery.com/addiction/e/addiction/nf-b/": {"t": "NF-κB", "s": "Transcription factor family regulating immune response, cell survival, and inflammation."}, "https://codexery.com/biology-concepts/e/biology-concepts/meiosis/": {"t": "Meiosis", "s": "Cell division producing haploid gametes for sexual reproduction."}, "https://codexery.com/biochemistry-and-cell-biology/e/biochemistry-and-cell-biology/cell-cycle/": {"t": "Cell cycle", "s": "The sequence of events leading to cell division, from interphase through mitosis and cytokinesis."}, "https://codexery.com/reproduction-and-development/e/reproduction-and-development/ovulation/": {"t": "Ovulation", "s": "Release of egg cells from ovaries in the menstrual cycle."}, "https://codexery.com/cell-and-molecular-biology/e/cell-and-molecular-biology/progesterone/": {"t": "Progesterone", "s": "Endogenous steroid hormone essential for reproduction and pregnancy.", "i": "https://codexery.com/cell-and-molecular-biology/img/cell-and-molecular-biology/progesterone.webp", "c": "Rhododendronbusch · via Wikipedia: Progesterone · Public domain"}, "https://codexery.com/anatomical-pathology/e/anatomical-pathology/carcinoma/": {"t": "Carcinoma", "s": "Malignancy arising from epithelial cells lining body surfaces."}, "/e/cellular-biology/endocytosis/": {"t": "Endocytosis", "s": "Cellular process for internalizing substances via membrane vesicle formation."}, "/e/cellular-biology/endoplasmic-reticulum/": {"t": "Endoplasmic reticulum", "s": "Organelle for protein folding and lipid synthesis."}, "https://codexery.com/animal-anatomy/e/animal-anatomy/cell-membrane/": {"t": "Cell membrane", "s": "Semipermeable lipid bilayer separating cell interior from environment.", "i": "https://codexery.com/animal-anatomy/img/animal-anatomy/cell-membrane.webp", "c": "Blackout Sea · CC0"}, "https://codexery.com/cell-and-molecular-biology/e/cell-and-molecular-biology/lipid-bilayer/": {"t": "Lipid bilayer", "s": "Thin polar membrane forming a barrier around all cells.", "i": "https://codexery.com/cell-and-molecular-biology/img/cell-and-molecular-biology/lipid-bilayer.webp", "c": "Bensaccount · via Wikipedia: Lipid bilayer · Public domain"}, "https://codexery.com/cell-and-molecular-biology/e/cell-and-molecular-biology/tissue-biology/": {"t": "Tissue (biology)", "s": "Tissue is an assembly of similar cells with a specific function."}, "https://codexery.com/biochemistry-and-cell-biology/e/biochemistry-and-cell-biology/cell-signaling/": {"t": "Cell signaling", "s": "Biological process by which cells interact with themselves, others, and environment."}, "https://codexery.com/chemistry-materials/e/chemistry-and-materials/intermolecular-force/": {"t": "Intermolecular force", "s": "Weak forces mediating interactions between molecules, essential in biochemistry."}, "https://codexery.com/cell-and-molecular-biology/e/cell-and-molecular-biology/peroxisome/": {"t": "Peroxisome", "s": "Organelles that generate and break down hydrogen peroxide.", "i": "https://codexery.com/cell-and-molecular-biology/img/cell-and-molecular-biology/peroxisome.webp", "c": "Original:  Agateller Vector:  Qef · via Wikipedia: Peroxisome · Public domain"}, "https://codexery.com/biochemistry-and-cell-biology/e/biochemistry-and-cell-biology/cholesterol/": {"t": "Cholesterol", "s": "Essential animal sterol; precursor for hormones and vitamin D."}, "https://codexery.com/chemistry-fundamentals/e/chemistry-fundamentals/chemical-synthesis/": {"t": "Chemical synthesis", "s": "Artificial execution of chemical reactions to obtain products.", "i": "https://codexery.com/chemistry-fundamentals/img/chemistry-fundamentals/chemical-synthesis.webp", "c": "KlijnB · CC0"}, "https://codexery.com/cell-and-molecular-biology/e/cell-and-molecular-biology/nucleotide/": {"t": "Nucleotide", "s": "Nucleotides are the monomeric units of DNA and RNA."}, "https://codexery.com/polymers-and-macromolecules/e/polymers-and-macromolecules/macromolecule/": {"t": "Macromolecule", "s": "Molecules of high relative molecular mass with repeating structural units."}, "https://codexery.com/cell-and-molecular-biology/e/cell-and-molecular-biology/nicotinamide-adenine-dinucleotide/": {"t": "Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide", "s": "Coenzyme central to metabolism, carrying electrons in redox reactions."}, "https://codexery.com/biology-concepts/e/biology-concepts/metabolism/": {"t": "Metabolism", "s": "Metabolism encompasses all chemical reactions sustaining life."}, "https://codexery.com/chemistry-fundamentals/e/chemistry-fundamentals/chemical-compound/": {"t": "Chemical compound", "s": "Substance of multiple elements bonded in fixed proportions."}, "/e/cellular-biology/catabolism/": {"t": "Catabolism", "s": "Catabolism breaks down molecules to release energy for cells."}, "https://codexery.com/chemistry/e/chemistry/hydrocarbon/": {"t": "Hydrocarbon", "s": "Organic compounds of hydrogen and carbon, key to global energy."}, "https://codexery.com/chemistry-fundamentals/e/chemistry-fundamentals/carboxylic-acid/": {"t": "Carboxylic acid", "s": "Polar organic acids with carboxyl group, widely occurring in nature."}, "https://codexery.com/microbiology-and-cell-biology/e/microbiology-and-cell-biology/sphingolipid/": {"t": "Sphingolipid", "s": "Lipid class with sphingoid backbone, key in signaling and membrane structure."}, "https://codexery.com/animal-anatomy/e/animal-anatomy/central-nervous-system/": {"t": "Central nervous system", "s": "Central nervous system integrates and coordinates body activity."}, "https://codexery.com/cell-and-molecular-biology/e/cell-and-molecular-biology/steroid/": {"t": "Steroid", "s": "Organic compounds with four fused rings, vital for membranes and signaling.", "i": "https://codexery.com/cell-and-molecular-biology/img/cell-and-molecular-biology/steroid.webp", "c": "NEUROtiker (talk) · via Wikipedia: Steroid · Public domain"}, "https://codexery.com/physiology-metabolism/e/physiology-and-metabolism/testosterone/": {"t": "Testosterone", "s": "Primary male sex hormone influencing development, behavior, and health."}, "https://codexery.com/reproductive-biology/e/reproductive-biology/estrogen/": {"t": "Estrogen", "s": "Sex hormone regulating female reproduction and secondary sex characteristics."}, "https://codexery.com/genetics/e/genetics/dna-replication/": {"t": "DNA replication", "s": "Essential process for copying DNA in all organisms.", "i": "https://codexery.com/genetics/img/genetics/dna-replication.webp", "c": "Original Image:LadyofHats Mariana Ruiz, Derivative work:Dmtrs32 · CC BY-SA 4.0"}, "https://codexery.com/genetics/e/genetics/dna-polymerase/": {"t": "DNA polymerase", "s": "Enzymes that synthesize DNA, essential for replication and PCR.", "i": "https://codexery.com/genetics/img/genetics/dna-polymerase.webp", "c": "DNA_polymerase.svg : Madprime derivative work: Chandres · CC BY-SA 3.0"}, "https://codexery.com/cell-and-molecular-biology/e/cell-and-molecular-biology/translation-biology/": {"t": "Translation (biology)", "s": "Ribosomes decode mRNA to assemble proteins from amino acids."}, "https://codexery.com/cell-and-molecular-biology/e/cell-and-molecular-biology/ribosome/": {"t": "Ribosome", "s": "Cellular machine that synthesizes proteins from mRNA.", "i": "https://codexery.com/cell-and-molecular-biology/img/cell-and-molecular-biology/ribosome.webp", "c": "Vossman · via Wikipedia: Ribosome · CC BY-SA 3.0"}, "https://codexery.com/cell-and-molecular-biology/e/cell-and-molecular-biology/peptide/": {"t": "Peptide", "s": "Short amino acid chains with diverse biological roles.", "i": "https://codexery.com/cell-and-molecular-biology/img/cell-and-molecular-biology/peptide.webp", "c": "DataBase Center for Life Science (DBCLS) · CC BY 4.0"}, "https://codexery.com/chemical-bonding-and-structure/e/chemical-bonding-and-structure/molecule/": {"t": "Molecule", "s": "Group of atoms bonded together; fundamental unit of chemical compounds."}, "https://codexery.com/cell-and-molecular-biology/e/cell-and-molecular-biology/polysaccharide/": {"t": "Polysaccharide", "s": "Polysaccharides are abundant carbohydrates serving storage and structural roles."}, "https://codexery.com/cell-and-molecular-biology/e/cell-and-molecular-biology/nucleic-acid/": {"t": "Nucleic acid", "s": "The biomolecules that encode genetic information in all cells and viruses."}, "https://codexery.com/cell-and-molecular-biology/e/cell-and-molecular-biology/monosaccharide/": {"t": "Monosaccharide", "s": "Simple sugars that are the basic units of carbohydrates."}, "https://codexery.com/chemistry-materials/e/chemistry-and-materials/lactic-acid/": {"t": "Lactic acid", "s": "Organic acid central to metabolism, industry, and medicine."}, "https://codexery.com/chemistry-fundamentals/e/chemistry-fundamentals/acetic-acid/": {"t": "Acetic acid", "s": "The second simplest carboxylic acid, key to vinegar and industrial chemistry.", "i": "https://codexery.com/chemistry-fundamentals/img/chemistry-fundamentals/acetic-acid.webp", "c": "Michael D. Turnbull · CC0"}, "https://codexery.com/chemistry-fundamentals/e/chemistry-fundamentals/ammonia/": {"t": "Ammonia", "s": "A colourless gas with a pungent smell, vital for fertilizers."}, "https://codexery.com/microbiology/e/microbiology/citric-acid-cycle/": {"t": "Citric acid cycle", "s": "A central metabolic pathway for energy release in respiration."}, "https://codexery.com/microbiology/e/microbiology/cytokine/": {"t": "Cytokine", "s": "Small proteins crucial for immune signaling and inflammation."}, "https://codexery.com/cell-and-molecular-biology/e/cell-and-molecular-biology/melatonin/": {"t": "Melatonin", "s": "Hormone regulating sleep-wake cycles and acting as an antioxidant."}, "/e/cellular-biology/autophagy/": {"t": "Autophagy", "s": "The natural, conserved degradation of cellular components through a lysosome-dependent mechanism."}, "https://codexery.com/biochemistry-and-cell-biology/e/biochemistry-and-cell-biology/chromosome/": {"t": "Chromosome", "s": "A chromosome is a package of DNA containing part or all of the genetic material of an organism."}, "https://codexery.com/genetics/e/genetics/dna-repair/": {"t": "DNA repair", "s": "Processes by which cells identify and correct DNA damage.", "i": "https://codexery.com/genetics/img/genetics/dna-repair.webp", "c": "Eunice Laurent · CC BY-SA 4.0"}, "https://codexery.com/cell-and-molecular-biology/e/cell-and-molecular-biology/lysosome/": {"t": "Lysosome", "s": "Membrane-bound organelles that serve as the cell's degradation center.", "i": "https://codexery.com/cell-and-molecular-biology/img/cell-and-molecular-biology/lysosome.webp", "c": "Kelvinsong · via Wikipedia: Lysosome · CC0"}, "https://codexery.com/pathology/e/pathology/pathology/": {"t": "Pathology", "s": "The study of disease, from ancient roots to modern medical practice."}, "https://codexery.com/medical-specialties/e/medical-specialties/infectious-disease/": {"t": "Infectious disease", "s": "Illness caused by pathogens invading host tissues.", "i": "https://codexery.com/medical-specialties/img/medical-specialties/infectious-disease.webp", "c": "Rosser1954 · CC BY-SA 4.0"}, "https://codexery.com/neurotrauma/e/neurotrauma/excitotoxicity/": {"t": "Excitotoxicity", "s": "Neuronal injury from excessive glutamate receptor stimulation."}, "https://codexery.com/neurotrauma/e/neurotrauma/wallerian-degeneration/": {"t": "Wallerian degeneration", "s": "Active distal axon degeneration after nerve injury."}, "https://codexery.com/immune-system-disorders/e/immune-system-disorders/autoimmune-disease/": {"t": "Autoimmune disease", "s": "The adaptive immune system attacks the body's own tissues."}, "https://codexery.com/alzheimer-s-disease/e/alzheimer-s-disease/necroptosis/": {"t": "Necroptosis", "s": "A regulated form of necrotic cell death."}, "https://codexery.com/animal-anatomy/e/animal-anatomy/cell-nucleus/": {"t": "Cell nucleus", "s": "Membrane-bound organelle containing the cell's genome.", "i": "https://codexery.com/animal-anatomy/img/animal-anatomy/cell-nucleus.webp", "c": "Szajci · CC BY-SA 4.0"}, "https://codexery.com/microbial-groups-and-extremophiles/e/microbial-groups-and-extremophiles/prokaryote/": {"t": "Prokaryote", "s": "Single-celled organisms without a nucleus, foundational to life on Earth.", "i": "https://codexery.com/microbial-groups-and-extremophiles/img/microbial-groups-and-extremophiles/prokaryote.webp", "c": "Mariana Ruiz Villarreal, LadyofHats translated in gujarati by User:Sushant_savla · CC0"}, "https://codexery.com/algae-and-protists/e/algae-and-protists/amoeba/": {"t": "Amoeba", "s": "Unicellular organisms that change shape using pseudopods."}, "https://codexery.com/reproduction-development/e/reproduction-and-development/reproduction/": {"t": "Reproduction", "s": "Biological process producing offspring from parent or parents.", "i": "https://codexery.com/reproduction-development/img/reproduction-and-development/reproduction.webp", "c": "MAKY.OREL · CC BY 4.0"}, "https://codexery.com/reproduction-and-development/e/reproduction-and-development/offspring/": {"t": "Offspring", "s": "Offspring are the young produced by sexual or asexual reproduction."}, "https://codexery.com/reproduction-and-development/e/reproduction-and-development/sexual-reproduction/": {"t": "Sexual reproduction", "s": "Haploid gametes fuse to form a diploid zygote."}, "https://codexery.com/human-anatomy/e/human-anatomy/epithelium/": {"t": "Epithelium", "s": "Protective layer of cells lining body surfaces and cavities."}, "https://codexery.com/cell-and-molecular-biology/e/cell-and-molecular-biology/plasmodesma/": {"t": "Plasmodesma", "s": "Microscopic channels enabling plant cell communication.", "i": "https://codexery.com/cell-and-molecular-biology/img/cell-and-molecular-biology/plasmodesma.webp", "c": "Smartse · via Wikipedia: Plasmodesma · CC BY-SA 3.0"}, "https://codexery.com/fungi-and-fungus-like-organisms/e/fungi-and-fungus-like-organisms/fungus/": {"t": "Fungus", "s": "Eukaryotic organisms including yeasts, molds, and mushrooms."}, "https://codexery.com/biochemistry-and-cell-biology/e/biochemistry-and-cell-biology/cell-wall/": {"t": "Cell wall", "s": "Structural layer outside cell membrane providing support and protection."}, "https://codexery.com/tumor-markers/e/tumor-markers/desmin/": {"t": "Desmin", "s": "Muscle-specific intermediate filament maintaining sarcomere integrity."}, "https://codexery.com/animal-anatomy/e/animal-anatomy/brain/": {"t": "Brain", "s": "Central organ of the nervous system in vertebrates and most invertebrates.", "i": "https://codexery.com/animal-anatomy/img/animal-anatomy/brain.webp", "c": "Bobjgalindo · CC BY-SA 4.0"}, "https://codexery.com/reproduction-and-development/e/reproduction-and-development/morphogenesis/": {"t": "Morphogenesis", "s": "The biological process generating form in cells and organisms."}, "/e/cellular-biology/cytoskeleton/": {"t": "Cytoskeleton", "s": "Dynamic protein network shaping and organizing all cells."}, "/e/cellular-biology/exocytosis/": {"t": "Exocytosis", "s": "Active transport process releasing molecules via vesicle fusion."}, "https://codexery.com/physiology-metabolism/e/physiology-and-metabolism/wound-healing/": {"t": "Wound healing", "s": "A regulated sequence of biochemical events repairing damaged tissue."}, "https://codexery.com/medical-conditions/e/medical-conditions/intellectual-disability/": {"t": "Intellectual disability", "s": "A generalized neurodevelopmental disorder with significant impairment in intellectual and adaptive functioning."}, "https://codexery.com/cardiovascular-blood/e/cardiovascular-and-blood/cardiovascular-disease/": {"t": "Cardiovascular disease", "s": "Cardiovascular disease is the top global killer, largely preventable."}, "https://codexery.com/classical-mechanics-and-dynamics/e/classical-mechanics-and-dynamics/reynolds-number/": {"t": "Reynolds number", "s": "Dimensionless ratio predicting laminar or turbulent flow."}, "/e/cellular-biology/flagellum/": {"t": "Flagellum", "s": "A hair-like appendage providing motility across all domains of life."}, "/e/cellular-biology/cilium/": {"t": "Cilium", "s": "Hair-like cellular protrusion enabling movement and sensory signaling."}, "https://codexery.com/eukaryote-groups-and-taxonomy/e/eukaryote-groups-and-taxonomy/dictyostelium-discoideum/": {"t": "Dictyostelium discoideum", "s": "A soil-dwelling slime mold with a unique life cycle, used as a model organism for studying cell differentiation and chemotaxis."}, "https://codexery.com/cell-and-molecular-biology/e/cell-and-molecular-biology/neutrophil/": {"t": "Neutrophil", "s": "Most abundant white blood cell, key in innate immunity."}, "https://codexery.com/cell-and-molecular-biology/e/cell-and-molecular-biology/macrophage/": {"t": "Macrophage", "s": "White blood cells that engulf pathogens and regulate immune responses.", "i": "https://codexery.com/cell-and-molecular-biology/img/cell-and-molecular-biology/macrophage.webp", "c": "Noah Smith · CC BY-SA 4.0"}, "/e/cellular-biology/cell-polarity/": {"t": "Cell polarity", "s": "Spatial differences in shape, structure, and function within cells."}, "https://codexery.com/cell-and-molecular-biology/e/cell-and-molecular-biology/microtubule/": {"t": "Microtubule", "s": "Cytoskeletal biopolymers providing structure and intracellular transport."}, "https://codexery.com/cell-and-molecular-biology/e/cell-and-molecular-biology/receptor-biochemistry/": {"t": "Receptor (biochemistry)", "s": "Proteins that bind ligands and transduce biological signals.", "i": "https://codexery.com/cell-and-molecular-biology/img/cell-and-molecular-biology/receptor-biochemistry.webp", "c": "Wyatt Pyzynski · via Wikipedia: Receptor (biochemistry) · CC BY-SA 4.0"}, "/e/cellular-biology/cell-division/": {"t": "Cell division", "s": "Cell division is the process by which a parent cell divides into 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When using this image in external sources it can be cited as:\n\nBlausen.com staff (2014). \"Medical gallery of Blausen Medical 2014\". WikiJournal of M · via Wikipedia: White blood cell · CC BY 3.0"}, "https://codexery.com/reproduction-and-development/e/reproduction-and-development/invagination/": {"t": "Invagination", "s": "A surface folding inward to form a cavity or tube."}, "https://codexery.com/cell-and-molecular-biology/e/cell-and-molecular-biology/golgi-apparatus/": {"t": "Golgi apparatus", "s": "The Golgi apparatus is a cellular organelle found in most eukaryotes, forming part of the endomembrane system.", "i": "https://codexery.com/cell-and-molecular-biology/img/cell-and-molecular-biology/golgi-apparatus.webp", "c": "explorebiology · via Wikipedia: Golgi apparatus · CC BY 4.0"}, "https://codexery.com/historical-figures/e/scientists/alan-turing/": {"t": "Alan Turing", "s": "Father of theoretical computer science and codebreaker who helped defeat the Nazis."}, "https://codexery.com/cell-and-molecular-biology/e/cell-and-molecular-biology/stem-cell/": {"t": "Stem cell", "s": "Undifferentiated cells capable of self-renewal and differentiation into specialized cell types."}, "https://codexery.com/genetics/e/genetics/gene-expression/": {"t": "Gene expression", "s": "Process by which genes produce functional products."}, "https://codexery.com/genetics/e/genetics/epigenetics/": {"t": "Epigenetics", "s": "Study of heritable gene expression changes without DNA sequence alteration."}, "https://codexery.com/cell-and-molecular-biology/e/cell-and-molecular-biology/myosin/": {"t": "Myosin", "s": "Motor proteins driving actin-based motility and muscle contraction.", "i": "https://codexery.com/cell-and-molecular-biology/img/cell-and-molecular-biology/myosin.webp", "c": "explorebiology · via Wikipedia: Myosin · CC BY 4.0"}, "https://codexery.com/reproduction-and-development/e/reproduction-and-development/cell-potency/": {"t": "Cell potency", "s": "A cell's capacity to differentiate into other cell types."}, "https://codexery.com/reproduction-and-development/e/reproduction-and-development/blastomere/": {"t": "Blastomere", "s": "Cell formed by zygote cleavage, essential for early embryonic development."}, "https://codexery.com/cytopathology/e/cytopathology/cytopathology/": {"t": "Cytopathology", "s": "Branch of pathology diagnosing disease at the cellular level."}, "https://codexery.com/cell-and-molecular-biology/e/cell-and-molecular-biology/somatic-cell/": {"t": "Somatic cell", "s": "Body cells that divide by mitosis, excluding germ and stem cells."}, "https://codexery.com/cell-and-molecular-biology/e/cell-and-molecular-biology/red-blood-cell/": {"t": "Red blood cell", "s": "The most common blood cell, responsible for oxygen transport via hemoglobin.", "i": "https://codexery.com/cell-and-molecular-biology/img/cell-and-molecular-biology/red-blood-cell.webp", "c": "BruceBlaus. When using this image in external sources it can be cited as:\n\nBlausen.com staff (2014). \"Medical gallery of Blausen Medical 2014\". WikiJournal of M · via Wikipedia: Red blood cell · CC BY 3.0"}, "https://codexery.com/reproduction-development/e/reproduction-and-development/sperm/": {"t": "Sperm", "s": "Male gamete that fuses with egg to form a diploid zygote.", "i": "https://codexery.com/reproduction-development/img/reproduction-and-development/sperm.webp", "c": "Unknown authorUnknown author · via Wikipedia: Sperm · Public domain"}, "https://codexery.com/reproduction-and-development/e/reproduction-and-development/inner-cell-mass/": {"t": "Inner cell mass", "s": "Mass of cells inside the blastocyst that forms the fetus."}, "https://codexery.com/reproduction-and-development/e/reproduction-and-development/germ-layer/": {"t": "Germ layer", "s": "Primary cell layers forming during animal embryonic development."}, "https://codexery.com/reproduction-and-development/e/reproduction-and-development/mesoderm/": {"t": "Mesoderm", "s": "Middle germ layer forming muscles, skeleton, and internal organs."}, 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"https://codexery.com/pathogenic-bacteria/e/pathogenic-bacteria/campylobacter-jejuni/": {"t": "Campylobacter jejuni", "s": "A helical bacterium causing widespread foodborne illness worldwide."}, "https://codexery.com/cancer/e/cancer/cancer/": {"t": "Cancer", "s": "A group of diseases involving uncontrolled cell growth with potential to spread."}, "https://codexery.com/diseases-and-conditions/e/diseases-and-conditions/neoplasm/": {"t": "Neoplasm", "s": "An abnormal growth of tissue that may be benign or malignant.", "i": "https://codexery.com/diseases-and-conditions/img/diseases-and-conditions/neoplasm.webp", "c": "Shibata, Hideki; Ohike, Nobuyuki; Norose, Tomoko; Isobe, Tomohide; Suzuki, Reika · CC BY 4.0"}, "https://codexery.com/fishkeeping/e/fishkeeping/infusoria/": {"t": "Infusoria", "s": "Obsolete term for freshwater microorganisms used to feed fish fry."}, "https://codexery.com/historical-figures/e/notable/ernst-haeckel/": {"t": "Ernst Haeckel", "s": "German zoologist, artist, and 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and yaws."}, "https://codexery.com/infectious-agents-and-pathogens/e/infectious-agents-and-pathogens/staphylococcus-aureus/": {"t": "Staphylococcus aureus", "s": "A common bacterium that can turn deadly.", "i": "https://codexery.com/infectious-agents-and-pathogens/img/infectious-agents-and-pathogens/staphylococcus-aureus.webp", "c": "DataBase Center for Life Science (DBCLS) · CC BY 4.0"}, "https://codexery.com/biologists-naturalists/e/biologists-and-naturalists/rudolf-virchow/": {"t": "Rudolf Virchow", "s": "German physician who founded modern pathology and social medicine.", "i": "https://codexery.com/biologists-naturalists/img/biologists-and-naturalists/rudolf-virchow.webp", "c": "via Wikipedia: Rudolf Virchow · see source"}, "https://codexery.com/medical-conditions/e/medical-conditions/inflammation/": {"t": "Inflammation", "s": "Biological defence response of body tissues to harmful stimuli."}, 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"s": "Plant cell wall polymer used as a gelling agent in foods."}}