[{"n": "Carcinogenesis", "u": "/e/carcinogenesis/carcinogenesis/", "s": "Normal cells become cancer through genetic and epigenetic changes."}, {"n": "Carcinogen", "u": "/e/carcinogenesis/carcinogen/", "s": "Agents that promote cancer development through DNA damage."}, {"n": "Aneugen", "u": "/e/carcinogenesis/aneugen/", "s": "Aneugens induce aneuploidy without damaging chromosome structure."}, {"n": "Armitage–Doll multistage model of carcinogenesis", "u": "/e/carcinogenesis/armitage-doll-multistage-model-of-carcinogenesis/", "s": "A statistical model linking cancer risk to accumulated mutations."}, {"n": "René Bernards", "u": "/e/carcinogenesis/ren-bernards/", "s": "Dutch cancer researcher and Spinoza Prize winner."}, {"n": "Binucleated cells", "u": "/e/carcinogenesis/binucleated-cells/", "s": "Cells with two nuclei linked to cancer and mitotic errors."}, {"n": "Cancer cell", "u": "/e/carcinogenesis/cancer-cell/", "s": "Cells that divide uncontrollably and can metastasize throughout the body."}, {"n": "Cancer dormancy", "u": "/e/carcinogenesis/cancer-dormancy/", "s": "Dormant cancer cells can persist undetected and later cause relapse."}, {"n": "Cancer stem cell", "u": "/e/carcinogenesis/cancer-stem-cell/", "s": "Tumorigenic cells that self-renew and drive relapse."}, {"n": "Clonally transmissible cancer", "u": "/e/carcinogenesis/clonally-transmissible-cancer/", "s": "A rare malignant cell clone transmitted between hosts without a virus."}, {"n": "Co-carcinogen", "u": "/e/carcinogenesis/co-carcinogen/", "s": "A substance that enhances carcinogen activity without being carcinogenic alone."}, {"n": "DNA adduct", "u": "/e/carcinogenesis/dna-adduct/", "s": "DNA adducts are biomarkers of carcinogen exposure and potential mutagenesis."}, {"n": "Epidemiology of cancer", "u": "/e/carcinogenesis/epidemiology-of-cancer/", "s": "Study of cancer patterns, causes, and biases in populations."}, {"n": "Escherichia coli NC101", "u": "/e/carcinogenesis/escherichia-coli-nc101/", "s": "Pro-carcinogenic adherent-invasive E. coli strain promoting mucinous adenocarcinoma."}, {"n": "Genotoxicity", "u": "/e/carcinogenesis/genotoxicity/", "s": "Genotoxic agents damage DNA, potentially leading to cancer."}, {"n": "HUMARA assay", "u": "/e/carcinogenesis/humara-assay/", "s": "Assay using X-inactivation to assess tumor clonality."}, {"n": "Janus Experiments", "u": "/e/carcinogenesis/janus-experiments/", "s": "Large-scale study of neutron and gamma radiation effects on mice and dogs."}, {"n": "Kataegis", "u": "/e/carcinogenesis/kataegis/", "s": "Localized hypermutation clusters in cancer genomes."}, {"n": "Malignant transformation", "u": "/e/carcinogenesis/malignant-transformation/", "s": "Cells acquire cancer properties, often from external, avoidable factors."}, {"n": "Micrometastasis", "u": "/e/carcinogenesis/micrometastasis/", "s": "Small cancer cell clusters undetectable by imaging, key to metastasis."}, {"n": "MIR22HG", "u": "/e/carcinogenesis/mir22hg/", "s": "A lncRNA gene with context-dependent tumor suppressor or oncogene roles."}, {"n": "Oncoantigen", "u": "/e/carcinogenesis/oncoantigen/", "s": "Tumor antigens essential for growth, resistant to immune escape."}, {"n": "Oncogene", "u": "/e/carcinogenesis/oncogene/", "s": "Genes that can cause cancer when mutated or overexpressed."}, {"n": "Oncomir", "u": "/e/carcinogenesis/oncomir/", "s": "MicroRNAs whose dysregulation contributes to cancer development."}, {"n": "Paucimannosylation", "u": "/e/carcinogenesis/paucimannosylation/", "s": "A type of N-glycosylation with simple mannose-terminating glycans."}, {"n": "Peto's paradox", "u": "/e/carcinogenesis/peto-s-paradox/", "s": "Cancer risk does not scale with body size across species."}, {"n": "Reactive oxygen species", "u": "/e/carcinogenesis/reactive-oxygen-species/", "s": "Reactive oxygen species are chemically reactive molecules derived from oxygen."}, {"n": "Somatic evolution in cancer", "u": "/e/carcinogenesis/somatic-evolution-in-cancer/", "s": "Cancer develops through natural selection acting on somatic cells."}, {"n": "Tumor metabolome", "u": "/e/carcinogenesis/tumor-metabolome/", "s": "Metabolic reprogramming is a hallmark of cancer."}, {"n": "Tumor suppressor gene", "u": "/e/carcinogenesis/tumor-suppressor-gene/", "s": "Genes that regulate cell division and suppress tumor development."}, {"n": "Tumour heterogeneity", "u": "/e/carcinogenesis/tumour-heterogeneity/", "s": "Tumour cells vary genetically and phenotypically within and between tumours."}, {"n": "Two-hit hypothesis", "u": "/e/carcinogenesis/two-hit-hypothesis/", "s": "Two hits inactivate both tumor suppressor gene alleles."}]