{"https://codexery.com/pre-columbian-empires/e/pre-columbian-empires/sui-dynasty/": {"t": "Sui dynasty", "s": "Brief dynasty that reunified China and shaped the Tang golden age.", "i": "https://codexery.com/pre-columbian-empires/img/pre-columbian-empires/sui-dynasty.webp", "c": "via Wikipedia: Sui dynasty · see source"}, "https://codexery.com/cities/e/capitals/beijing/": {"t": "Beijing", "s": "The world's most populous national capital, blending millennia of history with cutting-edge innovation."}, "/e/canals-and-waterways/grand-canal-venice/": {"t": "Grand Canal (Venice)", "s": "Largest channel in Venice, lined with historic palaces."}, "https://codexery.com/transportation/e/transportation/maritime-transport/": {"t": "Maritime transport", "s": "Waterborne transport of passengers and cargo, vital to global trade."}, "https://codexery.com/historical-eras/e/historical-eras/post-classical-history/": {"t": "Post-classical history", "s": "Period of global expansion, trade, and religious spread."}, "https://codexery.com/great-lakes-of-the-world/e/great-lakes-of-the-world/lake-tai/": {"t": "Lake Tai", "s": "Third-largest freshwater lake in China, rich in culture and ecology."}, "https://codexery.com/cities-starting-with-j/e/cities-starting-with-j/jiaxing/": {"t": "Jiaxing", "s": "Prefecture-level city in northern Zhejiang, China.", "i": "https://codexery.com/cities-starting-with-j/img/cities-starting-with-j/jiaxing.webp", "c": "DF7C5100 · CC BY-SA 4.0"}, "https://codexery.com/cities-on-rivers/e/cities-on-rivers/suzhou/": {"t": "Suzhou", "s": "Ancient cradle of Wu culture, modern industrial hub."}, "https://codexery.com/rivers-of-the-world/e/rivers-of-the-world/yangtze/": {"t": "Yangtze", "s": "Longest river in China, third-longest in the world."}, "https://codexery.com/rivers-of-the-world/e/rivers-of-the-world/yellow-river/": {"t": "Yellow River", "s": "Cradle of Chinese civilization, source of devastating floods.", "i": "https://codexery.com/rivers-of-the-world/img/rivers-of-the-world/yellow-river.webp", "c": "via Wikipedia: Yellow River · see source"}, "https://codexery.com/cities-starting-with-j/e/cities-starting-with-j/jining/": {"t": "Jining", "s": "Prefecture-level city in Shandong, birthplace of Confucius.", "i": "https://codexery.com/cities-starting-with-j/img/cities-starting-with-j/jining.webp", "c": "David290 · CC BY-SA 4.0"}, "https://codexery.com/cities-starting-with-l/e/cities-starting-with-l/liaocheng/": {"t": "Liaocheng", "s": "Prefecture-level city in western Shandong, China."}, "https://codexery.com/cities-on-rivers/e/cities-on-rivers/tianjin/": {"t": "Tianjin", "s": "A dual-core port city on the Hai River and Bohai Gulf."}, "https://codexery.com/states-and-regions/e/states-and-regions/shandong/": {"t": "Shandong", "s": "Coastal province, cradle of Confucianism and Taoism."}, "https://codexery.com/cities-on-rivers/e/cities-on-rivers/ningbo/": {"t": "Ningbo", "s": "A historic port city and economic hub in the Yangtze Delta."}, "https://codexery.com/chinese-emperors-and-leaders/e/chinese-emperors-and-leaders/emperor-yang-of-sui/": {"t": "Emperor Yang of Sui", "s": "Second Sui emperor whose projects and wars bankrupted the empire."}, "https://codexery.com/chinese-history/e/chinese-history/jiangnan/": {"t": "Jiangnan", "s": "The prosperous lands south of the Yangtze River, cradle of Wu culture and historic capitals.", "i": "https://codexery.com/chinese-history/img/chinese-history/jiangnan.webp", "c": "Judgefloro · CC0"}, "https://codexery.com/cities-starting-with-l/e/cities-starting-with-l/luoyang/": {"t": "Luoyang", "s": "Ancient capital on the Luo River, cradle of Chinese civilization."}, "https://codexery.com/medieval-and-early-modern-asian-empires/e/medieval-and-early-modern-asian-empires/goguryeo-sui-war/": {"t": "Goguryeo–Sui War", "s": "Sui invasions of Goguryeo ended in defeat and dynasty collapse."}, "https://codexery.com/pre-columbian-empires/e/pre-columbian-empires/tang-dynasty/": {"t": "Tang dynasty", "s": "The Tang dynasty governed China from 618 to 907, with a break between 690 and 705.", "i": "https://codexery.com/pre-columbian-empires/img/pre-columbian-empires/tang-dynasty.webp", "c": "via Wikipedia: Tang dynasty · see source"}, "https://codexery.com/former-empires/e/former-empires/mongol-empire/": {"t": "Mongol Empire", "s": "Largest contiguous land empire in history."}, "https://codexery.com/dynasties-and-kingdoms/e/dynasties-and-kingdoms/yuan-dynasty/": {"t": "Yuan dynasty", "s": "Mongol-led dynasty that ruled all of China proper."}, "https://codexery.com/pre-columbian-empires/e/pre-columbian-empires/song-dynasty/": {"t": "Song dynasty", "s": "Chinese dynasty that pioneered paper money and gunpowder weapons.", "i": "https://codexery.com/pre-columbian-empires/img/pre-columbian-empires/song-dynasty.webp", "c": "via Wikipedia: Song dynasty · see source"}, "https://codexery.com/transportation/e/transportation/lock-water-navigation/": {"t": "Lock (water navigation)", "s": "A waterway chamber that raises or lowers boats between different water levels."}, "https://codexery.com/ancient-empires/e/ancient-empires/ming-dynasty/": {"t": "Ming dynasty", "s": "The last Han-led imperial dynasty of China."}, "https://codexery.com/pre-columbian-empires/e/pre-columbian-empires/qing-dynasty/": {"t": "Qing dynasty", "s": "The Qing dynasty, also called the Great Qing or Qing China, was a Manchu-led imperial dynasty that ruled from 1636 or 1644 until 1912."}, "https://codexery.com/seas-and-oceans/e/seas-and-oceans/north-sea/": {"t": "North Sea", "s": "A shallow European shelf sea, rich in history, fisheries, and energy resources."}, "https://codexery.com/rivers-and-seas-of-the-world/e/rivers-and-seas-of-the-world/baltic-sea/": {"t": "Baltic Sea", "s": "The world's largest brackish water basin, an arm of the Atlantic enclosed by nine countries.", "i": "https://codexery.com/rivers-and-seas-of-the-world/img/rivers-and-seas-of-the-world/baltic-sea.webp", "c": "via Wikipedia: White Sea–Baltic Canal · see source"}, "https://codexery.com/german-states/e/german-states/schleswig-holstein/": {"t": "Schleswig-Holstein", "s": "Northernmost German state with a contested Danish-German history."}, "https://codexery.com/rivers-and-lakes/e/rivers-and-lakes/elbe/": {"t": "Elbe", "s": "One of the major rivers of Central Europe, flowing from the Giant Mountains to the North Sea.", "i": "https://codexery.com/rivers-and-lakes/img/rivers-and-lakes/elbe.webp", "c": "Roy Zuo · CC BY-SA 4.0"}, "https://codexery.com/peninsulas-and-isthmuses/e/peninsulas-and-isthmuses/jutland/": {"t": "Jutland", "s": "Peninsula forming continental Denmark and part of northern Germany."}, "https://codexery.com/early-modern-state-formation-and-dynasti/e/early-modern-state-formation-and-dynasties/german-empire/": {"t": "German Empire", "s": "German Empire from 1871 unification to 1918 revolution.", "i": "https://codexery.com/early-modern-state-formation-and-dynasti/img/early-modern-state-formation-and-dynasties/german-empire.webp", "c": "via Wikipedia: German Empire · see source"}, "https://codexery.com/imperial-titles/e/imperial-titles/kaiser/": {"t": "Kaiser", "s": "Title of German and Austrian emperors, derived from Caesar.", "i": "https://codexery.com/imperial-titles/img/imperial-titles/kaiser.webp", "c": "Emilio de Gogorza · CC0"}, "https://codexery.com/revolutions-and-conflicts/e/revolutions-and-conflicts/world-war-i/": {"t": "World War I", "s": "The First World War, a global conflict from 1914 to 1918, was fought between the Allied and Central Powers."}, "https://codexery.com/other-geographic-features/e/other-geographic-features/panama-canal/": {"t": "Panama Canal", "s": "A 82 km artificial waterway connecting the Atlantic and Pacific oceans through Panama.", "i": "https://codexery.com/other-geographic-features/img/other-geographic-features/panama-canal.webp", "c": "via Wikipedia: Geography of Panama · see source"}, "https://codexery.com/major-wars/e/major-wars/second-world-war/": {"t": "Second World War", "s": "Global conflict between Allies and Axis, deadliest in history."}, "https://codexery.com/straits-and-channels/e/straits-and-channels/skagerrak/": {"t": "Skagerrak", "s": "A busy strait connecting the North Sea and Kattegat, rich in marine life and history."}, "https://codexery.com/spanish-inventions/e/spanish-inventions/transporter-bridge/": {"t": "Transporter bridge", "s": "A rare bridge type carrying a suspended gondola across water."}, "https://codexery.com/seas-and-oceans/e/seas-and-oceans/white-sea/": {"t": "White Sea", "s": "Southern inlet of the Barents Sea, key to Russian maritime trade."}, "https://codexery.com/lakes-of-the-world/e/lakes-of-the-world/lake-onega/": {"t": "Lake Onega", "s": "Second-largest lake in Europe, rich in islands, petroglyphs, and wooden architecture.", "i": "https://codexery.com/lakes-of-the-world/img/lakes-of-the-world/lake-onega.webp", "c": "Antonio Bonanno from Milan (Italy), Italy · CC BY-SA 2.0"}, "https://codexery.com/historical-figures/e/notable/joseph-stalin/": {"t": "Joseph Stalin", "s": "Soviet revolutionary and dictator who ruled from the mid-1920s until his death in 1953."}, "https://codexery.com/rivers-and-lakes/e/rivers-and-lakes/lake-ladoga/": {"t": "Lake Ladoga", "s": "Europe's largest lake, rich in history and wildlife.", "i": "https://codexery.com/rivers-and-lakes/img/rivers-and-lakes/lake-ladoga.webp", "c": "via Wikipedia: Lake Ladoga · see source"}, "https://codexery.com/rivers-of-europe/e/rivers-of-europe/neva/": {"t": "Neva", "s": "River in northwestern Russia, fourth-largest in Europe by discharge.", "i": "https://codexery.com/rivers-of-europe/img/rivers-of-europe/neva.webp", "c": "Deror_avi · CC BY-SA 4.0"}, "https://codexery.com/cities-on-rivers/e/cities-on-rivers/saint-petersburg/": {"t": "Saint Petersburg", "s": "Russia's cultural capital and historic window to Europe."}, "https://codexery.com/authors-poets/e/authors-and-poets/maxim-gorky/": {"t": "Maxim Gorky", "s": "Russian and Soviet writer, journalist, and socialist advocate.", "i": "https://codexery.com/authors-poets/img/authors-and-poets/maxim-gorky.webp", "c": "Herman Mishkin · via Wikipedia: Maxim Gorky · Public domain"}, "https://codexery.com/russian-and-soviet-writers/e/russian-and-soviet-writers/aleksey-nikolayevich-tolstoy/": {"t": "Aleksey Nikolayevich Tolstoy", "s": "Russian and Soviet writer of science fiction and historical fiction."}, "https://codexery.com/world-war-ii-campaigns-and-atrocities/e/world-war-ii-campaigns-and-atrocities/eastern-front-world-war-ii/": {"t": "Eastern Front (World War II)", "s": "The decisive theatre of World War II where the Axis powers were defeated on the Eastern Front.", "i": "https://codexery.com/world-war-ii-campaigns-and-atrocities/img/world-war-ii-campaigns-and-atrocities/eastern-front-world-war-ii.webp", "c": "FOTO:Fortepan — ID 27693 : Adományozó/Donor: Konok Tamás id. archive copy at the · CC BY-SA 3.0"}, "https://codexery.com/russian-cities/e/russian-cities/arkhangelsk/": {"t": "Arkhangelsk", "s": "Gateway to the Arctic and historic White Sea port."}, "https://codexery.com/languages-and-writing-systems/e/languages-and-writing-systems/russian-language/": {"t": "Russian language", "s": "An East Slavic language of the Indo-European family, native to Russia and widely spoken across Eurasia."}, "https://codexery.com/coastal-and-fluvial-geomorphology/e/coastal-and-fluvial-geomorphology/estuary/": {"t": "Estuary", "s": "Transitional coastal ecosystems where freshwater meets saltwater."}, "https://codexery.com/coastal-marine-geology/e/coastal-and-marine-geology/sea/": {"t": "Sea", "s": "The sea is Earth's interconnected body of salt water."}, "/e/canals-and-waterways/grand-canal-china/": {"t": "Grand Canal (China)", "s": "The world's longest artificial waterway, linking north and south China for over two millennia."}, "https://codexery.com/cities/e/coastal/venice/": {"t": "Venice", "s": "The Floating City of Canals and History"}, "https://codexery.com/medieval-europe/e/medieval-europe/republic-of-venice/": {"t": "Republic of Venice", "s": "A maritime republic that dominated Mediterranean trade for over a millennium."}, "https://codexery.com/bridges/e/great-bridges/the-rialto-bridge/": {"t": "The Rialto Bridge", "s": "Oldest bridge spanning Venice's Grand Canal, rebuilt in stone.", "i": "https://codexery.com/bridges/img/great-bridges/the-rialto-bridge.webp", "c": "Didier Descouens · Public domain"}, "https://codexery.com/ancient-empires/e/ancient-empires/roman-empire/": {"t": "Roman Empire", "s": "Medieval and early modern empire claiming direct Roman succession, dissolved in 1806."}, "https://codexery.com/art-movements/e/art-movements/byzantine-art/": {"t": "Byzantine art", "s": "Art of the Byzantine Empire and its cultural inheritors."}, "https://codexery.com/government-public-administration/e/government-and-public-administration/municipality/": {"t": "Municipality", "s": "A general-purpose administrative subdivision with self-government powers."}, "https://codexery.com/manufacturing-and-materials/e/manufacturing-and-materials/plaster/": {"t": "Plaster", "s": "Building material used for interiors, decoration, and medical casts."}, "https://codexery.com/architectural-styles-and-elements/e/architectural-styles-and-elements/renaissance-architecture/": {"t": "Renaissance architecture", "s": "Revival of classical Greek and Roman architectural principles.", "i": "https://codexery.com/architectural-styles-and-elements/img/architectural-styles-and-elements/renaissance-architecture.webp", "c": "Txllxt TxllxT · CC BY-SA 4.0"}, "https://codexery.com/architects/e/architects/jacopo-sansovino/": {"t": "Jacopo Sansovino", "s": "Florentine sculptor and architect of the Italian Renaissance, master of Venetian Renaissance architecture.", "i": "https://codexery.com/architects/img/architects/jacopo-sansovino.webp", "c": "via Wikipedia: Jacopo Sansovino · see source"}, "https://codexery.com/cities/e/capitals/rome/": {"t": "Rome", "s": "The Eternal City, capital of Italy and cradle of Western civilization."}, "https://codexery.com/old-masters/e/old-masters/tintoretto/": {"t": "Tintoretto", "s": "Venetian Renaissance painter known for speed, boldness, and dramatic Mannerist style."}, "https://codexery.com/renaissance-and-baroque-masters/e/renaissance-and-baroque-masters/paolo-veronese/": {"t": "Paolo Veronese", "s": "Venetian Renaissance painter of vast banquet scenes, ceilings and glowing colour.", "i": "https://codexery.com/renaissance-and-baroque-masters/img/renaissance-and-baroque-masters/paolo-veronese.webp", "c": "via Wikipedia: Paolo Veronese · see source"}, "https://codexery.com/visual-arts-and-crafts/e/visual-arts-and-crafts/stone-carving/": {"t": "Stone carving", "s": "Stone carving shapes rough stone into lasting works."}, "https://codexery.com/architectural-styles-and-landmarks/e/architectural-styles-and-landmarks/gothic-revival-architecture/": {"t": "Gothic Revival architecture", "s": "A movement reviving medieval Gothic architecture in the 19th century."}, "https://codexery.com/geomorphology/e/geomorphology/land-reclamation/": {"t": "Land reclamation", "s": "Creating new land from water bodies for human use.", "i": "https://codexery.com/geomorphology/img/geomorphology/land-reclamation.webp", "c": "Fabian Horst · CC BY-SA 4.0"}, "https://codexery.com/comparative-politics/e/comparative-politics/politics-of-china/": {"t": "Politics of China", "s": "A one-party authoritarian state under CCP leadership.", "i": "https://codexery.com/comparative-politics/img/comparative-politics/politics-of-china.webp", "c": "Bartholomew, J. G. · Public domain"}, "https://codexery.com/coral-reefs/e/coral-reefs/spratly-islands/": {"t": "Spratly Islands", "s": "Disputed archipelago in the South China Sea with strategic and resource significance.", "i": "https://codexery.com/coral-reefs/img/coral-reefs/spratly-islands.webp", "c": "NASA · Public domain"}, "https://codexery.com/seas-and-oceans/e/seas-and-oceans/south-china-sea/": {"t": "South China Sea", "s": "A marginal sea of the Western Pacific Ocean, vital to global trade and fishing."}, "https://codexery.com/straits-channels-and-seas/e/straits-channels-and-seas/strait-of-malacca/": {"t": "Strait of Malacca", "s": "A vital maritime chokepoint linking the Indian and Pacific Oceans."}, "/e/canals-and-waterways/suez-canal/": {"t": "Suez Canal", "s": "Artificial waterway connecting the Mediterranean and Red Seas."}, "https://codexery.com/geology-and-landforms/e/geology-and-landforms/artificial-island/": {"t": "Artificial island", "s": "Human-made landforms built for settlement, defense, or economic purposes.", "i": "https://codexery.com/geology-and-landforms/img/geology-and-landforms/artificial-island.webp", "c": "Luka Peternel · CC BY-SA 4.0"}, "https://codexery.com/construction-materials/e/construction-and-materials/concrete/": {"t": "Concrete", "s": "Second-most-used substance after water; most-manufactured material worldwide."}, "https://codexery.com/coral-reefs/e/coral-reefs/cuarteron-reef/": {"t": "Cuarteron Reef", "s": "A disputed reef in the Spratly Islands, expanded and fortified by China."}, "https://codexery.com/coral-reefs/e/coral-reefs/gaven-reefs/": {"t": "Gaven Reefs", "s": "Two contested reefs in the Spratly Islands with military fortifications."}, "https://codexery.com/traditional-knowledge/e/traditional-knowledge/convention-on-biological-diversity/": {"t": "Convention on Biological Diversity", "s": "Multilateral treaty for biodiversity conservation and sustainable use."}, "https://codexery.com/islands-and-archipelagos/e/islands-and-archipelagos/hainan/": {"t": "Hainan", "s": "China's southernmost island province, a tropical free-trade port."}, "https://codexery.com/coral-reefs/e/coral-reefs/johnson-south-reef/": {"t": "Johnson South Reef", "s": "A disputed Spratly reef, site of a 1988 skirmish and later militarized."}, "https://codexery.com/english-counties/e/english-counties/cheshire/": {"t": "Cheshire", "s": "Ceremonial county in North West England with diverse economy."}, "https://codexery.com/other-european-regions/e/other-european-regions/historic-counties-of-england/": {"t": "Historic counties of England", "s": "Historic subdivisions of England, rooted in medieval administration and identity."}, "https://codexery.com/english-counties/e/english-counties/lancashire/": {"t": "Lancashire", "s": "A ceremonial county in North West England, bordered by Cumbria, North Yorkshire, West Yorkshire, Greater Manchester, Merseyside, and the Irish Sea."}, "https://codexery.com/canals-and-artificial-waterways/e/canals-and-artificial-waterways/bridgewater-canal/": {"t": "Bridgewater Canal", "s": "First great achievement of the canal age in Britain."}, "https://codexery.com/miscellaneous/e/miscellaneous/industrial-park/": {"t": "Industrial park", "s": "Zoned area planned for industrial development with shared infrastructure."}, "https://codexery.com/social-issues/e/social-issues/parliament-of-the-united-kingdom/": {"t": "Parliament of the United Kingdom", "s": "Supreme legislative body of the United Kingdom."}, "https://codexery.com/finance-and-investment/e/finance-and-investment/preferred-stock/": {"t": "Preferred stock", "s": "Hybrid security ranking between common stock and bonds."}, "https://codexery.com/agriculture-food/e/agriculture-and-food/cotton/": {"t": "Cotton", "s": "Natural fiber from Gossypium plants, widely used in textiles."}, "https://codexery.com/construction-materials/e/construction-and-materials/cement/": {"t": "Cement", "s": "Binder that sets, hardens, and binds other materials together.", "i": "https://codexery.com/construction-materials/img/construction-and-materials/cement.webp", "c": "Nnnjens · CC0"}, "https://codexery.com/inventors-and-engineers/e/inventors-and-engineers/thomas-telford/": {"t": "Thomas Telford", "s": "Scottish civil engineer dubbed the 'Colossus of Roads'.", "i": "https://codexery.com/inventors-and-engineers/img/inventors-and-engineers/thomas-telford.webp", "c": "Henry Hoppner Meyer · Public domain"}, "https://codexery.com/chemistry-materials/e/chemistry-and-materials/mercury-element/": {"t": "Mercury (element)", "s": "A heavy, silvery liquid metal with unique physical properties and high toxicity."}, "https://codexery.com/holarctic-birds/e/holarctic-birds/barn-swallow/": {"t": "Barn swallow", "s": "The most widespread swallow species, found on all continents, with a deeply forked tail and close association with humans.", "i": "https://codexery.com/holarctic-birds/img/holarctic-birds/barn-swallow.webp", "c": "Ken Billington · CC BY-SA 3.0"}, "https://codexery.com/game-birds-and-waterfowl/e/game-birds-and-waterfowl/tufted-duck/": {"t": "Tufted duck", "s": "A small diving duck with a distinctive tuft and white flanks."}, "https://codexery.com/places-in-chinese-mythology/e/places-in-chinese-mythology/taihang-mountains/": {"t": "Taihang Mountains", "s": "A major Chinese mountain range on the Loess Plateau's eastern edge."}, "https://codexery.com/fifa-world-cup/e/honours/italy/": {"t": "Italy", "s": "A cultural superpower with the eighth-largest economy and the most UNESCO sites."}, "https://codexery.com/film-directors-masters-of-world-cinema/e/film-directors-masters-of-world-cinema/michelangelo-antonioni/": {"t": "Michelangelo Antonioni", "s": "Italian director of enigmatic, visually striking alienation films."}, "https://codexery.com/countries-and-regions/e/countries-and-regions/ontario/": {"t": "Ontario", "s": "Canada's most populous province, home to Ottawa and Toronto."}, "https://codexery.com/national-park-administrators/e/national-park-administrators/parks-canada/": {"t": "Parks Canada", "s": "World's first national park service, managing Canada's natural and cultural heritage."}, "/e/canals-and-waterways/st-lawrence-seaway/": {"t": "St. Lawrence Seaway", "s": "Binational waterway linking the Atlantic Ocean to the Great Lakes.", "i": "https://codexery.com/canals-and-waterways/img/canals-and-waterways/st-lawrence-seaway.webp", "c": "20px|link=User:Kcida10|Kcida10  Kcida10 (talk) (Uploads). · via Wikipedia: St. Lawrence Seaway · Public domain"}, "https://codexery.com/cities/e/capitals/ottawa/": {"t": "Ottawa", "s": "Canada's capital at the confluence of the Ottawa and Rideau Rivers."}, "https://codexery.com/lakes-of-the-world/e/lakes-of-the-world/lake-ontario/": {"t": "Lake Ontario", "s": "The easternmost Great Lake, outlet to the Atlantic via the Saint Lawrence River.", "i": "https://codexery.com/lakes-of-the-world/img/lakes-of-the-world/lake-ontario.webp", "c": "Dougtone · CC BY-SA 2.0"}, "https://codexery.com/countries-and-regions/e/countries-and-regions/new-york-state/": {"t": "New York (state)", "s": "The Empire State: A global node of creativity, entrepreneurship, and natural wonder."}, "https://codexery.com/rivers/e/rivers/st-lawrence-river/": {"t": "St. Lawrence River", "s": "Major North American river connecting the Great Lakes to the Atlantic Ocean.", "i": "https://codexery.com/rivers/img/rivers/st-lawrence-river.webp", "c": "via Wikipedia: St. Lawrence River · see source"}, "https://codexery.com/cities-and-urban-areas/e/cities-and-urban-areas/montreal/": {"t": "Montreal", "s": "Montreal (French: Montréal) sits as Quebec’s biggest city, Canada’s second-largest, and North America’s eighth-largest."}, "https://codexery.com/world-heritage-sites-in-canada/e/world-heritage-sites-in-canada/quebec-city/": {"t": "Quebec City", "s": "One of the oldest European settlements in North America, and the only fortified city north of Mexico."}, "https://codexery.com/historical-figures/e/notable/arthur-wellesley-1st-duke-of-wellington/": {"t": "Arthur Wellesley, 1st Duke of Wellington", "s": "British field marshal and prime minister who defeated Napoleon at Waterloo."}, "https://codexery.com/ethnic-groups/e/ethnic-groups/irish-people/": {"t": "Irish people", "s": "An ethnic group and nation native to the island of Ireland, with a rich history, unique culture, and global diaspora."}, "https://codexery.com/economics-and-business/e/economics-and-business/pound-sterling/": {"t": "Pound sterling", "s": "The world's oldest currency in continuous use.", "i": "https://codexery.com/economics-and-business/img/economics-and-business/pound-sterling.webp", "c": "Colonial Bank of Australasia (note), Heritage Auctions (image) · Public domain"}, "https://codexery.com/fifa-world-cup/e/culture/london/": {"t": "London", "s": "A global city on the Thames, London blends nearly 2,000 years of history with a vibrant, multicultural present."}, "/e/canals-and-waterways/erie-canal/": {"t": "Erie Canal", "s": "Historic canal linking the Hudson River to Lake Erie.", "i": "https://codexery.com/canals-and-waterways/img/canals-and-waterways/erie-canal.webp", "c": "via Wikipedia: Erie Canal · see source"}, "https://codexery.com/great-lakes-of-the-world/e/great-lakes-of-the-world/lake-simcoe/": {"t": "Lake Simcoe", "s": "Fifth-largest lake wholly within Ontario, Canada."}, "https://codexery.com/infectious-diseases/e/infectious-diseases/malaria/": {"t": "Malaria", "s": "Mosquito-borne parasitic disease causing fever, anemia, and death."}, "https://codexery.com/canals-and-artificial-waterways/e/canals-and-artificial-waterways/caledonian-canal/": {"t": "Caledonian Canal", "s": "Scottish canal linking east and west coasts via the Great Glen."}, "https://codexery.com/fifa-world-cup/e/honours/scotland/": {"t": "Scotland", "s": "A country of ancient kingdoms, rugged highlands, and deep lochs."}, "https://codexery.com/conifers/e/conifers/pseudotsuga-menziesii/": {"t": "Pseudotsuga menziesii", "s": "Tallest tree in the pine family, native to western North America."}, "https://codexery.com/canadian-cuisine/e/canadian-cuisine/fried-dough/": {"t": "Fried dough", "s": "Fried dough is a global street food with many regional names."}, "https://codexery.com/rivers-of-the-world/e/rivers-of-the-world/pearl-river/": {"t": "Pearl River", "s": "China's third-longest river system, flowing through Guangzhou.", "i": "https://codexery.com/rivers-of-the-world/img/rivers-of-the-world/pearl-river.webp", "c": "via Wikipedia: Pearl River · see source"}, "https://codexery.com/pre-columbian-empires/e/pre-columbian-empires/qin-dynasty/": {"t": "Qin dynasty", "s": "First imperial dynasty of China, unifying the Warring States."}, "https://codexery.com/cities/e/coastal/amsterdam/": {"t": "Amsterdam", "s": "Venice of the North"}, "/e/canals-and-waterways/g-ta-canal/": {"t": "Göta Canal", "s": "Swedish canal linking west coast to Baltic Sea.", "i": "https://codexery.com/canals-and-waterways/img/canals-and-waterways/g-ta-canal.webp", "c": "via Wikipedia: Göta Canal · see source"}, "https://codexery.com/physical-geography-elevation/e/physical-geography-and-elevation/height-above-mean-sea-level/": {"t": "Height above mean sea level", "s": "Vertical distance referenced to historic mean sea level.", "i": "https://codexery.com/physical-geography-elevation/img/physical-geography-and-elevation/height-above-mean-sea-level.webp", "c": "NASA/JPL-Caltech · Public domain"}, "/e/canals-and-waterways/new-york-state-canal-system/": {"t": "New York State Canal System", "s": "A historic New York canal network now used for recreation."}, "https://codexery.com/rivers-and-lakes/e/rivers-and-lakes/lake-erie/": {"t": "Lake Erie", "s": "Southernmost, shallowest Great Lake with shortest water residence time.", "i": "https://codexery.com/rivers-and-lakes/img/rivers-and-lakes/lake-erie.webp", "c": "via Wikipedia: Lake Erie · see source"}, "https://codexery.com/other-geographic-features/e/other-geographic-features/niagara-falls/": {"t": "Niagara Falls", "s": "Thundering waters at the border of Canada and the United States.", "i": "https://codexery.com/other-geographic-features/img/other-geographic-features/niagara-falls.webp", "c": "via Wikipedia: Niagara Falls · see source"}, "https://codexery.com/cities/e/landmark-cities/new-york-city/": {"t": "New York City", "s": "The most populous city in the United States, a global center of finance, culture, and diplomacy."}, "https://codexery.com/engineering-disciplines/e/engineering-disciplines/civil-engineering/": {"t": "Civil engineering", "s": "Professional discipline designing and maintaining the built environment."}, "https://codexery.com/physical-geography-elevation/e/physical-geography-and-elevation/elevation/": {"t": "Elevation", "s": "Height of Earth's surface above a reference geoid."}, "https://codexery.com/transportation-engineering/e/transportation-engineering/cycling/": {"t": "Cycling", "s": "Cycling is a global activity for transport, sport, and recreation."}, "https://codexery.com/mountains-and-mountain-ranges/e/mountains-and-mountain-ranges/appalachian-mountains/": {"t": "Appalachian Mountains", "s": "Ancient mountain range spanning eastern North America."}, "https://codexery.com/u-s-states/e/u-s-states/maine/": {"t": "Maine", "s": "Northeasternmost state in the contiguous United States.", "i": "https://codexery.com/u-s-states/img/u-s-states/maine.webp", "c": "TylerKutschbach · CC BY-SA 4.0"}, "https://codexery.com/other-european-regions/e/other-european-regions/g-taland/": {"t": "Götaland", "s": "One of three lands of Sweden, home of the Geats.", "i": "https://codexery.com/other-european-regions/img/other-european-regions/g-taland.webp", "c": "Azurescapegoat · CC BY-SA 4.0"}, "/e/canals-and-waterways/trollh-tte-canal/": {"t": "Trollhätte Canal", "s": "Sweden's Blue Ribbon waterway connecting the North Sea and Baltic Sea."}, "https://codexery.com/straits-channels-and-seas/e/straits-channels-and-seas/resund/": {"t": "Øresund", "s": "Strait linking the Baltic Sea to the Atlantic Ocean."}, "https://codexery.com/lost-civilizations/e/lost-civilizations/the-hanseatic-league/": {"t": "The Hanseatic League", "s": "A medieval commercial and defensive network of merchant guilds and towns."}, "https://codexery.com/modern-conflicts/e/modern-conflicts/crimean-war/": {"t": "Crimean War", "s": "A mid-19th century conflict between Russia and an alliance of the Ottoman Empire, France, the United Kingdom, and Sardinia, notable for modern technologies and "}, "/e/canals-and-waterways/intracoastal-waterway/": {"t": "Intracoastal Waterway", "s": "Inland waterway along U.S. Atlantic and Gulf coasts.", "i": "https://codexery.com/canals-and-waterways/img/canals-and-waterways/intracoastal-waterway.webp", "c": "via Wikipedia: Intracoastal Waterway · see source"}, "/e/canals-and-waterways/welland-canal/": {"t": "Welland Canal", "s": "Ship canal in Ontario, part of the St. Lawrence Seaway."}, "https://codexery.com/ancient-inventions/e/ancient-inventions/aqueduct-water-supply/": {"t": "Aqueduct (water supply)", "s": "Ancient and modern systems for conveying water from source to users."}, "https://codexery.com/capital-cities-of-africa/e/capital-cities-of-africa/tripoli-libya/": {"t": "Tripoli, Libya", "s": "Capital and largest city of Libya, on the Mediterranean coast."}, "https://codexery.com/leaders-and-monarchs/e/leaders-and-monarchs/muammar-gaddafi/": {"t": "Muammar Gaddafi", "s": "Libyan revolutionary who ruled for 42 years until civil war."}, "https://codexery.com/energy-power/e/energy-and-power/petroleum/": {"t": "Petroleum", "s": "A fossil fuel central to modern industry and climate change."}, "https://codexery.com/peninsulas-and-cape-landforms/e/peninsulas-and-cape-landforms/korean-peninsula/": {"t": "Korean Peninsula", "s": "Divided peninsula with ancient kingdoms and modern global influence."}, "https://codexery.com/geology/e/geology/ice-age/": {"t": "Ice age", "s": "A period of prolonged cooling leading to expansion of glaciers and ice caps.", "i": "https://codexery.com/geology/img/geology/ice-age.webp", "c": "Druyts.t · CC BY-SA 4.0"}, "https://codexery.com/seas-and-oceans/e/seas-and-oceans/gulf-of-mexico/": {"t": "Gulf of Mexico", "s": "Marginal sea of the Atlantic, bordered by the U.S., Mexico, and Cuba.", "i": "https://codexery.com/seas-and-oceans/img/seas-and-oceans/gulf-of-mexico.webp", "c": "NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information. · via Wikipedia: Gulf of Mexico · Public domain"}, "https://codexery.com/energy-power/e/energy-and-power/petrochemical/": {"t": "Petrochemical", "s": "Chemical products derived from petroleum and other fossil fuels."}, "https://codexery.com/countries-and-regions/e/countries-and-regions/midwestern-united-states/": {"t": "Midwestern United States", "s": "A north-central U.S. region of industry, agriculture, and political swing states."}, "https://codexery.com/coastal-landforms/e/landforms/salt-marsh/": {"t": "Salt marsh", "s": "Tidal wetland dominated by salt-tolerant plants in the intertidal zone."}, "https://codexery.com/companies-and-conglomerates/e/companies-and-conglomerates/exxonmobil/": {"t": "ExxonMobil", "s": "American multinational oil and gas corporation formed by Exxon-Mobil merger."}, "https://codexery.com/types-of-cancer/e/types-of-cancer/lung-cancer/": {"t": "Lung cancer", "s": "Lung cancer is the leading cause of cancer death globally.", "i": "https://codexery.com/types-of-cancer/img/types-of-cancer/lung-cancer.webp", "c": "Modificado de OpenStax College · CC BY-SA 3.0"}, "https://codexery.com/cultural-and-historical-regions/e/cultural-and-historical-regions/pacific-northwest/": {"t": "Pacific Northwest", "s": "Bi-national region shaped by indigenous cultures and the Canada–U.S. border."}, "https://codexery.com/straits-channels-and-seas/e/straits-channels-and-seas/strait-of-georgia/": {"t": "Strait of Georgia", "s": "Arm of the Salish Sea between Vancouver Island and mainland."}, "https://codexery.com/islands/e/islands/vancouver-island/": {"t": "Vancouver Island", "s": "The largest and most populous island along the west coasts of the Americas."}, "https://codexery.com/u-s-states/e/u-s-states/massachusetts/": {"t": "Massachusetts", "s": "A New England state with a rich colonial and revolutionary history.", "i": "https://codexery.com/u-s-states/img/u-s-states/massachusetts.webp", "c": "TylerKutschbach · CC BY-SA 4.0"}, "https://codexery.com/u-s-states/e/u-s-states/texas/": {"t": "Texas", "s": "Second-largest U.S. state by area, but first in Fortune 500 headquarters and gross state product."}, "https://codexery.com/political-systems-elections/e/political-systems-and-elections/federal-government-of-the-united-states/": {"t": "Federal government of the United States", "s": "National government of the United States, established by the Constitution."}, "https://codexery.com/reformers-and-leaders-of-the-americas-an/e/reformers-and-leaders-of-the-americas-and-beyond/albert-gallatin/": {"t": "Albert Gallatin", "s": "Genevan-American statesman, financier, diplomat, and co-founder of American ethnology.", "i": "https://codexery.com/reformers-and-leaders-of-the-americas-an/img/reformers-and-leaders-of-the-americas-and-beyond/albert-gallatin.webp", "c": "via Wikipedia: Albert Gallatin · see source"}, "https://codexery.com/canals-and-artificial-waterways/e/canals-and-artificial-waterways/cape-cod-canal/": {"t": "Cape Cod Canal", "s": "Artificial waterway connecting Cape Cod Bay and Buzzards Bay."}, "https://codexery.com/rebellions-against-the-united-states/e/rebellions-against-the-united-states/american-civil-war/": {"t": "American Civil War", "s": "Civil war between the Union and Confederacy over slavery and secession."}, "/e/canals-and-waterways/houston-ship-channel/": {"t": "Houston Ship Channel", "s": "Dredged waterway linking Houston to the Gulf of Mexico.", "i": "https://codexery.com/canals-and-waterways/img/canals-and-waterways/houston-ship-channel.webp", "c": "via Wikipedia: Intracoastal Waterway · see source"}, "https://codexery.com/rivers/e/rivers/rio-grande/": {"t": "Rio Grande", "s": "The Rio Grande: a vital, arid-land river forming the U.S.-Mexico border.", "i": "https://codexery.com/rivers/img/rivers/rio-grande.webp", "c": "via Wikipedia: Rio Grande · see source"}, "https://codexery.com/supernatural/e/world/new-orleans-louisiana/": {"t": "New Orleans, Louisiana", "s": "The Crescent City on the Mississippi, where Creole culture, Voodoo and Mardi Gras grew up together.", "i": "https://codexery.com/supernatural/img/world/new-orleans-louisiana.webp", "c": "via Wikipedia: New Orleans · see source"}, "https://codexery.com/lines-hemispheres/e/lines-and-hemispheres/west/": {"t": "West", "s": "Cardinal direction opposite east, where the Sun sets."}, "https://codexery.com/rivers-and-seas-of-the-world/e/rivers-and-seas-of-the-world/amu-darya/": {"t": "Amu Darya", "s": "Central Asia's historic Oxus, a river of borders and deserts.", "i": "https://codexery.com/rivers-and-seas-of-the-world/img/rivers-and-seas-of-the-world/amu-darya.webp", "c": "via Wikipedia: Amu Darya · see source"}, "https://codexery.com/deserts-and-drylands/e/deserts-and-drylands/karakum-desert/": {"t": "Karakum Desert", "s": "Central Asian desert covering most of Turkmenistan.", "i": "https://codexery.com/deserts-and-drylands/img/deserts-and-drylands/karakum-desert.webp", "c": "David Stanley · via Wikipedia: Karakum Desert · CC BY 2.0"}, "https://codexery.com/fifa-world-cup/e/honours/soviet-union/": {"t": "Soviet Union", "s": "The world's flagship communist state and a superpower spanning Eurasia."}, "https://codexery.com/rivers-and-seas-of-the-world/e/rivers-and-seas-of-the-world/aral-sea/": {"t": "Aral Sea", "s": "The southern remnant of the former Aral Sea, split into eastern and western basins.", "i": "https://codexery.com/rivers-and-seas-of-the-world/img/rivers-and-seas-of-the-world/aral-sea.webp", "c": "via Wikipedia: Aral Sea · see source"}, "https://codexery.com/rivers-and-seas-of-the-world/e/rivers-and-seas-of-the-world/caspian-sea/": {"t": "Caspian Sea", "s": "The world's largest inland body of water, a brackish sea between Europe and Asia.", "i": "https://codexery.com/rivers-and-seas-of-the-world/img/rivers-and-seas-of-the-world/caspian-sea.webp", "c": "NASA · Public domain"}, "https://codexery.com/cities/e/landmark-cities/bangkok/": {"t": "Bangkok", "s": "City of Angels"}, "https://codexery.com/aquarium-water-chemistry/e/aquarium-water-chemistry/biochemical-oxygen-demand/": {"t": "Biochemical oxygen demand", "s": "Measures oxygen consumed by microbes degrading organic matter in water."}, "https://codexery.com/medieval-and-early-modern-asian-empires/e/medieval-and-early-modern-asian-empires/edo-period/": {"t": "Edo period", "s": "Period of Tokugawa rule marked by peace, isolation, and cultural flourishing."}, "https://codexery.com/seas-and-oceans/e/seas-and-oceans/seto-inland-sea/": {"t": "Seto Inland Sea", "s": "A marginal sea separating Honshu, Shikoku, and Kyushu, connecting the Pacific Ocean to the Sea of Japan."}, "https://codexery.com/seas-and-oceans/e/seas-and-oceans/sea-of-japan/": {"t": "Sea of Japan", "s": "A marginal sea shaped by isolation, geology, and history."}, "https://codexery.com/islands-and-archipelagos/e/islands-and-archipelagos/hokkaido/": {"t": "Hokkaido", "s": "Hokkaido is Japan’s northernmost main island and the second largest of the four."}, "https://codexery.com/historical-cultural-concepts/e/historical-and-cultural-concepts/feudalism/": {"t": "Feudalism", "s": "A system of land-for-service obligations in medieval Europe."}, "https://codexery.com/communication-and-media/e/communication-and-media/telegraph/": {"t": "Telegraph", "s": "Long-distance text transmission using symbolic codes, not physical exchange."}, "https://codexery.com/transportation/e/transportation/rail-transport/": {"t": "Rail transport", "s": "Wheeled vehicles on steel rails for efficient land transport."}, "https://codexery.com/asian-cities/e/asian-cities/akita-city/": {"t": "Akita (city)", "s": "Capital of Akita Prefecture, a core city with a rich history and seasonal festivals.", "i": "https://codexery.com/asian-cities/img/asian-cities/akita-city.webp", "c": "War and Navy Department Agencies · Public domain"}, "https://codexery.com/nirvana/e/places/seattle/": {"t": "Seattle", "s": "A rain-drenched crucible where the sound of a generation was forged in feedback and fog."}, "https://codexery.com/historical-figures/e/notable/george-washington/": {"t": "George Washington", "s": "First president of the United States and commander of the Continental Army during the American Revolution."}, "https://codexery.com/electrical-systems/e/electrical-systems/light-emitting-diode/": {"t": "Light-emitting diode", "s": "Semiconductor device converting electricity into light via electroluminescence."}, "https://codexery.com/fifa-world-cup/e/honours/france/": {"t": "France", "s": "A global centre of art, science, cuisine and philosophy."}, "https://codexery.com/fifa-world-cup/e/honours/poland/": {"t": "Poland", "s": "A Central European nation with a rich history, from the Piast dynasty to the Solidarity movement."}, "https://codexery.com/canals-and-artificial-waterways/e/canals-and-artificial-waterways/dortmund-ems-canal/": {"t": "Dortmund–Ems Canal", "s": "German canal linking Dortmund to Emden, opened 1899."}, "https://codexery.com/cities/e/capitals/berlin/": {"t": "Berlin", "s": "The heart of Europe, a city of culture and history."}, "https://codexery.com/german-states/e/german-states/hamburg/": {"t": "Hamburg", "s": "Second-largest German city and major Hanseatic port."}, "https://codexery.com/canals-and-artificial-waterways/e/canals-and-artificial-waterways/elbe-l-beck-canal/": {"t": "Elbe–Lübeck Canal", "s": "Modern canal linking the Elbe and Trave rivers."}, "/e/canals-and-waterways/white-sea-baltic-canal/": {"t": "White Sea–Baltic Canal", "s": "Soviet canal built by gulag forced labor, opened 1933."}, "https://codexery.com/rivers-of-europe/e/rivers-of-europe/moskva-river/": {"t": "Moskva (river)", "s": "River flowing through Moscow, origin of the city's name."}, "https://codexery.com/rivers/e/rivers/volga/": {"t": "Volga", "s": "Europe's longest river, flowing through Russia into the Caspian Sea."}, "https://codexery.com/cities/e/landmark-cities/moscow/": {"t": "Moscow", "s": "Capital of Russia, largest city in Europe, and a historic center of power and culture."}, "https://codexery.com/european-regions/e/european-regions/moscow-oblast/": {"t": "Moscow Oblast", "s": "A densely populated, highly industrialized federal subject of Russia, surrounding but not including the federal city of Moscow."}, "https://codexery.com/seas-and-oceans/e/seas-and-oceans/sea-of-azov/": {"t": "Sea of Azov", "s": "The shallowest sea in the world, rich in fish and history.", "i": "https://codexery.com/seas-and-oceans/img/seas-and-oceans/sea-of-azov.webp", "c": "Канопус Киля · via Wikipedia: Sea of Azov · CC BY-SA 3.0"}, "https://codexery.com/rivers-and-seas-of-the-world/e/rivers-and-seas-of-the-world/black-sea/": {"t": "Black Sea", "s": "Marginal sea between Europe and Asia with anoxic deep waters.", "i": "https://codexery.com/rivers-and-seas-of-the-world/img/rivers-and-seas-of-the-world/black-sea.webp", "c": "via Wikipedia: Black Sea · see source"}, "https://codexery.com/leaders-of-revolution-and-independence/e/leaders-of-revolution-and-independence/vladimir-lenin/": {"t": "Vladimir Lenin", "s": "First head of Soviet Russia and founder of Leninism.", "i": "https://codexery.com/leaders-of-revolution-and-independence/img/leaders-of-revolution-and-independence/vladimir-lenin.webp", "c": "via Wikipedia: Vladimir Lenin · see source"}, "https://codexery.com/coastal-and-fluvial-geomorphology/e/coastal-and-fluvial-geomorphology/confluence/": {"t": "Confluence", "s": "Where two or more watercourses join to form a single channel."}, "https://codexery.com/great-lakes-of-the-world/e/great-lakes-of-the-world/lake-champlain/": {"t": "Lake Champlain", "s": "Large freshwater lake between New York, Vermont, and Quebec.", "i": "https://codexery.com/great-lakes-of-the-world/img/great-lakes-of-the-world/lake-champlain.webp", "c": "Department of Defense. Department of the Navy. Bureau of Ships. 9/18/1947-5/1/19 · Public domain"}, "https://codexery.com/seas-and-oceans/e/seas-and-oceans/east-china-sea/": {"t": "East China Sea", "s": "A marginal sea of the Western Pacific, rich in history and natural resources."}, "https://codexery.com/modern-conflicts/e/modern-conflicts/chinese-civil-war/": {"t": "Chinese Civil War", "s": "Civil war between KMT and CCP, ending in Communist victory."}, "https://codexery.com/modern-conflicts/e/modern-conflicts/korean-war/": {"t": "Korean War", "s": "A frozen conflict that divided a peninsula."}, "https://codexery.com/coastal-and-fluvial-geomorphology/e/coastal-and-fluvial-geomorphology/drainage-basin/": {"t": "Drainage basin", "s": "A land area where surface water converges to a single outlet."}, "https://codexery.com/leaders-and-monarchs/e/leaders-and-monarchs/mao-zedong/": {"t": "Mao Zedong", "s": "Founder of the People's Republic of China and CCP leader."}, "https://codexery.com/rivers-of-europe/e/rivers-of-europe/oder/": {"t": "Oder", "s": "Central European river forming part of the Oder–Neisse line.", "i": "https://codexery.com/rivers-of-europe/img/rivers-of-europe/oder.webp", "c": "H Runge · CC BY-SA 4.0"}, "https://codexery.com/languages-and-dialects/e/languages-and-dialects/german-language/": {"t": "German language", "s": "German, known natively as Deutsch (pronounced [dɔɪ̯tʃ]), belongs to the West Germanic branch of the Indo-European language family and is spoken primarily across"}, "https://codexery.com/german-states/e/german-states/bavaria/": {"t": "Bavaria", "s": "Largest German state, with a history from Celts to kingdom."}, "https://codexery.com/rivers-and-seas-of-the-world/e/rivers-and-seas-of-the-world/danube/": {"t": "Danube", "s": "Europe's second-longest river, a historic frontier and trade route.", "i": "https://codexery.com/rivers-and-seas-of-the-world/img/rivers-and-seas-of-the-world/danube.webp", "c": "Visions of Domino · via Wikipedia: Danube · CC BY 2.0"}, "https://codexery.com/rivers/e/rivers/rhine/": {"t": "Rhine", "s": "Europe's second-longest river, flowing from the Swiss Alps to the North Sea.", "i": "https://codexery.com/rivers/img/rivers/rhine.webp", "c": "Sdkb · CC BY-SA 4.0"}, "https://codexery.com/fifa-world-cup/e/honours/romania/": {"t": "Romania", "s": "A country at the crossroads of Central and Southeastern Europe, rich in history and natural beauty."}, "https://codexery.com/canals-and-artificial-waterways/e/canals-and-artificial-waterways/danube-black-sea-canal/": {"t": "Danube–Black Sea Canal", "s": "Navigable canal linking Danube to Black Sea, built with political prisoner labor."}, "https://codexery.com/historical-figures/e/notable/charlemagne/": {"t": "Charlemagne", "s": "Father of Europe"}, "https://codexery.com/german-empire/e/german-empire/german-reich/": {"t": "German Reich", "s": "The constitutional name for the German nation state from 1871 to 1945."}, "https://codexery.com/swiss-inventions/e/swiss-inventions/pumped-storage-hydroelectricity/": {"t": "Pumped-storage hydroelectricity", "s": "Storing energy by pumping water uphill for later power generation."}, "https://codexery.com/transportation/e/transportation/freight-transport/": {"t": "Freight transport", "s": "Physical process of transporting commercial goods and cargo."}, "https://codexery.com/cultural-and-historical-regions/e/cultural-and-historical-regions/eastern-europe/": {"t": "Eastern Europe", "s": "A contested subregion with shifting cultural and political boundaries."}, "https://codexery.com/ecology-and-behavior/e/ecology-and-behavior/invasive-species/": {"t": "Invasive species", "s": "Introduced species that cause ecological or economic harm."}, "https://codexery.com/transportation-engineering/e/transportation-engineering/cargo/": {"t": "Cargo", "s": "Goods transported by land, water, or air for commercial gain."}, "https://codexery.com/companies-and-conglomerates/e/companies-and-conglomerates/deutsche-bahn/": {"t": "Deutsche Bahn", "s": "National railway company of Germany, state-owned since 1994.", "i": "https://codexery.com/companies-and-conglomerates/img/companies-and-conglomerates/deutsche-bahn.webp", "c": "™/®Deutsche Bahn AG · via Wikipedia: Deutsche Bahn · Public domain"}, "https://codexery.com/sports-and-athletics/e/sports-and-athletics/marathon/": {"t": "Marathon", "s": "A long-distance race rooted in ancient legend and revived for the modern Olympics."}, "https://codexery.com/castles-in-russia/e/castles-in-russia/vyborg/": {"t": "Vyborg", "s": "Medieval fortress town on the Karelian Isthmus with a contested history."}, "https://codexery.com/regions-cultural-spheres/e/regions-and-cultural-spheres/north-america/": {"t": "North America", "s": "Third-largest continent by area; fourth-largest by population.", "i": "https://codexery.com/regions-cultural-spheres/img/regions-and-cultural-spheres/north-america.webp", "c": "via Wikipedia: North America · see source"}, "https://codexery.com/lakes-of-the-world/e/lakes-of-the-world/lake-superior/": {"t": "Lake Superior", "s": "Largest freshwater lake by surface area in the world.", "i": "https://codexery.com/lakes-of-the-world/img/lakes-of-the-world/lake-superior.webp", "c": "Phizzy ( talk ) · CC BY-SA 3.0"}, "https://codexery.com/seas-and-oceans/e/seas-and-oceans/gulf-of-st-lawrence/": {"t": "Gulf of St. Lawrence", "s": "Large Canadian gulf linking the Great Lakes to the Atlantic."}, "https://codexery.com/states-and-regions/e/states-and-regions/quebec/": {"t": "Quebec", "s": "Canada's largest province, heart of Francophone culture in North America.", "i": "https://codexery.com/states-and-regions/img/states-and-regions/quebec.webp", "c": "Wilfredor · CC0"}, "https://codexery.com/historical-figures/e/notable/franklin-d-roosevelt/": {"t": "Franklin D. Roosevelt", "s": "32nd US president who led the nation through the Great Depression and World War II."}, "https://codexery.com/historical-figures/e/notable/dwight-d-eisenhower/": {"t": "Dwight D. Eisenhower", "s": "34th president of the United States and Supreme Commander of Allied forces in Europe during World War II."}, "https://codexery.com/historical-eras/e/historical-eras/middle-ages/": {"t": "Middle Ages", "s": "The middle epoch between classical antiquity and the modern period.", "i": "https://codexery.com/historical-eras/img/historical-eras/middle-ages.webp", "c": "via Wikipedia: Middle Ages · see source"}, "https://codexery.com/peninsulas-and-cape-landforms/e/peninsulas-and-cape-landforms/sinai-peninsula/": {"t": "Sinai Peninsula", "s": "Peninsula in Egypt and a land bridge between Africa and Asia", "i": "https://codexery.com/peninsulas-and-cape-landforms/img/peninsulas-and-cape-landforms/sinai-peninsula.webp", "c": "CIA · via Wikipedia: Sinai Peninsula · Public domain"}, "https://codexery.com/seas-and-oceans/e/seas-and-oceans/indian-ocean/": {"t": "Indian Ocean", "s": "Third-largest ocean, warmest, key to global climate and trade."}, "https://codexery.com/comparative-politics/e/comparative-politics/politics-of-egypt/": {"t": "Politics of Egypt", "s": "Egypt's political system is a republican semi-presidential system established after the 2013 coup, with President el-Sisi in office since June 2014.", "i": "https://codexery.com/comparative-politics/img/comparative-politics/politics-of-egypt.webp", "c": "Jeff Dahl · CC BY-SA 4.0"}, "https://codexery.com/african-independence-leaders-post-coloni/e/african-independence-leaders-and-post-colonial-figures/gamal-abdel-nasser/": {"t": "Gamal Abdel Nasser", "s": "Egyptian president who nationalized the Suez Canal and championed Arab unity.", "i": "https://codexery.com/african-independence-leaders-post-coloni/img/african-independence-leaders-and-post-colonial-figures/gamal-abdel-nasser.webp", "c": "via Wikipedia: Gamal Abdel Nasser · see source"}, "https://codexery.com/cold-war-conflicts/e/cold-war-conflicts/six-day-war/": {"t": "Six-Day War", "s": "In June 1967, a brief but intense conflict broke out between Israel and a coalition of Arab states—chiefly Egypt, Syria, and Jordan—lasting from the 5th to the "}, "https://codexery.com/rivers-of-the-world/e/rivers-of-the-world/nile/": {"t": "Nile", "s": "Longest river in the world, central to African history and civilization."}, "https://codexery.com/pharaohs-of-egypt/e/pharaohs-of-egypt/necho-ii/": {"t": "Necho II", "s": "Egyptian pharaoh who killed Josiah and sent ships around Africa."}, "https://codexery.com/archaeologists-and-anthropologists/e/archaeologists-and-anthropologists/james-henry-breasted/": {"t": "James Henry Breasted", "s": "American archaeologist who founded the Oriental Institute."}, "https://codexery.com/historical-cultural-concepts/e/historical-and-cultural-concepts/pharaoh/": {"t": "Pharaoh", "s": "Monarch of ancient Egypt, intermediary between gods and people."}, "https://codexery.com/historical-figures/e/notable/aristotle/": {"t": "Aristotle", "s": "Ancient Greek philosopher and polymath, founder of the Peripatetic school."}, "https://codexery.com/historical-figures/e/notable/darius-the-great/": {"t": "Darius the Great", "s": "Third Achaemenid King of Kings who centralized the empire."}, "https://codexery.com/scientists-and-mathematicians/e/scientists-and-mathematicians/pliny-the-elder/": {"t": "Pliny the Elder", "s": "Roman author and naturalist who wrote the encyclopedic Natural History and died rescuing others from Mount Vesuvius."}, "https://codexery.com/filicide-in-mythology/e/filicide-in-mythology/tyro/": {"t": "Tyro", "s": "Elean princess, queen of Iolcus, mother of heroes."}, "https://codexery.com/historical-eras/e/historical-eras/middle-kingdom-of-egypt/": {"t": "Middle Kingdom of Egypt", "s": "Period of reunification and stability after the First Intermediate Period.", "i": "https://codexery.com/historical-eras/img/historical-eras/middle-kingdom-of-egypt.webp", "c": "Gert7 · via Wikipedia: Middle Kingdom of Egypt · CC BY-SA 4.0"}, "https://codexery.com/governorates-of-egypt/e/governorates-of-egypt/suez-governorate/": {"t": "Suez Governorate", "s": "One of Egypt's most urbanized governorates, with key ports and industrial zones."}, "https://codexery.com/rivers-and-seas-of-the-world/e/rivers-and-seas-of-the-world/don-river/": {"t": "Don (river)", "s": "Fifth-longest river in Europe, key Byzantine trade route.", "i": "https://codexery.com/rivers-and-seas-of-the-world/img/rivers-and-seas-of-the-world/don-river.webp", "c": "High Contrast · via Wikipedia: Don (river) · CC BY-SA 2.0 de"}, "https://codexery.com/energy-power/e/energy-and-power/reservoir/": {"t": "Reservoir", "s": "Artificial lake created by a dam to store fresh water."}, "https://codexery.com/stato-da-m-r/e/stato-da-m-r/tanais/": {"t": "Tanais", "s": "Ancient Greek emporion at the northeastern edge of the Hellenistic world."}, "https://codexery.com/dynasties-and-kingdoms/e/dynasties-and-kingdoms/russian-empire/": {"t": "Russian Empire", "s": "Third-largest empire in history, spanning northern Eurasia."}, "https://codexery.com/asian-cities/e/asian-cities/bukhara/": {"t": "Bukhara", "s": "Ancient Silk Road city and center of Islamic scholarship.", "i": "https://codexery.com/asian-cities/img/asian-cities/bukhara.webp", "c": "Olim Guli · CC BY-SA 4.0"}, "https://codexery.com/islamic-concepts-and-practices/e/islamic-concepts-and-practices/hajj/": {"t": "Hajj", "s": "Annual Islamic pilgrimage to Mecca, a required religious duty."}, "https://codexery.com/economic-and-social-concepts/e/economic-and-social-concepts/knyaz/": {"t": "Knyaz", "s": "A Slavic title for prince, king, or duke."}, "https://codexery.com/russian-regions/e/russian-regions/tula-oblast/": {"t": "Tula Oblast", "s": "A historically rich industrial and agricultural region in European Russia, home to the Tula Kremlin and Yasnaya Polyana."}, "https://codexery.com/major-wars/e/major-wars/great-northern-war/": {"t": "Great Northern War", "s": "A war that ended Swedish dominance and elevated Russia."}, "https://codexery.com/regions-cultural-spheres/e/regions-and-cultural-spheres/europe/": {"t": "Europe", "s": "Second-smallest continent, birthplace of Western civilisation and European Union."}, "https://codexery.com/cities-on-rivers/e/cities-on-rivers/volgograd/": {"t": "Volgograd", "s": "City on the Volga, hero of Stalingrad."}, "https://codexery.com/energy-power/e/energy-and-power/pumping-station/": {"t": "Pumping station", "s": "Public utility buildings that pump fluids to overcome gravity."}, "https://codexery.com/musical-genres-and-styles/e/musical-genres-and-styles/classical-music/": {"t": "Classical music", "s": "Western art music tradition emphasizing formality and polyphony."}, "https://codexery.com/music-legends/e/music-legends/sergei-prokofiev/": {"t": "Sergei Prokofiev", "s": "Russian composer of Peter and the Wolf and Romeo and Juliet, one of the giants of 20th-century music.", "i": "https://codexery.com/music-legends/img/music-legends/sergei-prokofiev.webp", "c": "via Wikipedia: Sergei Prokofiev · see source"}, "https://codexery.com/music-theory-and-composition/e/music-theory-and-composition/symphonic-poem/": {"t": "Symphonic poem", "s": "Orchestral music evoking non-musical sources in one movement."}, "https://codexery.com/seahorses-and-pipefish/e/seahorses-and-pipefish/black-striped-pipefish/": {"t": "Black-striped pipefish", "s": "A pipefish relative of seahorses, found in European coastal and inland waters.", "i": "https://codexery.com/seahorses-and-pipefish/img/seahorses-and-pipefish/black-striped-pipefish.webp", "c": "Giacomo Radi\nderivative work: MagentaGreen · via Wikipedia: Black-striped pipefish · GFDL"}, "https://codexery.com/peninsulas/e/peninsulas/niagara-peninsula/": {"t": "Niagara Peninsula", "s": "Isthmus in Ontario between Lakes Erie and Ontario."}, "https://codexery.com/milwaukee-bucks/e/stadiums/milwaukee/": {"t": "Milwaukee", "s": "The resilient city where the Bucks rise to claim their place in basketball history."}, "https://codexery.com/foo-fighters/e/places/chicago/": {"t": "Chicago", "s": "A wind-swept city where the spirit of rock and roll never sleeps."}, "https://codexery.com/stock-markets-finance/e/stock-markets-and-finance/share-finance/": {"t": "Share (finance)", "s": "A unit of equity ownership in a corporation's capital stock."}, "https://codexery.com/legal-concepts-doctrines/e/legal-concepts-and-doctrines/eminent-domain/": {"t": "Eminent domain", "s": "Compulsory acquisition of private property for public use with compensation."}}