[{"n": "Brewing", "u": "/e/brewing-processes/brewing/", "s": "Brewing is the production of beer by steeping starch and fermenting with yeast."}, {"n": "Alewife (trade)", "u": "/e/brewing-processes/alewife-trade/", "s": "A woman who brewed and sold ale commercially."}, {"n": "Alpha acid", "u": "/e/brewing-processes/alpha-acid/", "s": "Alpha acids are the source of hop bitterness in beer."}, {"n": "Barrel (unit)", "u": "/e/brewing-processes/barrel-unit/", "s": "A unit of volume used for dry goods, fluids, and oil."}, {"n": "Barrel-aged beer", "u": "/e/brewing-processes/barrel-aged-beer/", "s": "Beer aged in wooden barrels for added flavour and complexity."}, {"n": "Beer", "u": "/e/brewing-processes/beer/", "s": "One of the oldest and most widely consumed alcoholic drinks."}, {"n": "Beer fault", "u": "/e/brewing-processes/beer-fault/", "s": "Flavour deterioration from chemical changes in beer production or storage."}, {"n": "Beer head", "u": "/e/brewing-processes/beer-head/", "s": "Frothy foam on beer produced by carbon dioxide bubbles."}, {"n": "Bottling line", "u": "/e/brewing-processes/bottling-line/", "s": "A production line for filling beverages and foods into bottles."}, {"n": "Brewer's spent grain", "u": "/e/brewing-processes/brewer-s-spent-grain/", "s": "Brewer's spent grain is a low-cost, high-fiber brewing byproduct."}, {"n": "Brewhouse", "u": "/e/brewing-processes/brewhouse/", "s": "A domestic building for brewing beer and ale."}, {"n": "BeerXML", "u": "/e/brewing-processes/beerxml/", "s": "Open XML standard for exchanging beer brewing recipes and data."}, {"n": "Brewing methods", "u": "/e/brewing-processes/brewing-methods/", "s": "Techniques and systems for producing beer, varying by style and region."}, {"n": "Brewmaxx", "u": "/e/brewing-processes/brewmaxx/", "s": "Scalable process control system for breweries of all sizes."}, {"n": "Bright beer", "u": "/e/brewing-processes/bright-beer/", "s": "Beer cleared of suspended yeast by settling or filtration."}, {"n": "Cold liquor tank", "u": "/e/brewing-processes/cold-liquor-tank/", "s": "Buffer tank for cold process water used to cool wort in breweries."}, {"n": "Craft beer", "u": "/e/brewing-processes/craft-beer/", "s": "Small, independent breweries emphasizing flavor and varied techniques."}, {"n": "Craft malting", "u": "/e/brewing-processes/craft-malting/", "s": "Small-scale malting for craft beer, whisky, and baking."}, {"n": "Degree Lintner", "u": "/e/brewing-processes/degree-lintner/", "s": "A unit measuring malt's ability to convert starch to sugar."}, {"n": "Plato scale", "u": "/e/brewing-processes/degrees-lovibond/", "s": "A scale for measuring sugar content in wort and beer."}, {"n": "Fermentation", "u": "/e/brewing-processes/fermentation/", "s": "Anaerobic metabolism using organic compounds as both electron donor and acceptor."}, {"n": "Fermentation in food processing", "u": "/e/brewing-processes/fermentation-in-food-processing/", "s": "Microbial conversion of carbohydrates to alcohol or acids without oxidizing agents."}, {"n": "Fermentation starter", "u": "/e/brewing-processes/fermentation-starter/", "s": "A preparation to assist the beginning of fermentation in foods and drinks."}, {"n": "Filtered beer", "u": "/e/brewing-processes/filtered-beer/", "s": "Mechanically filtered beer with sediment and yeast removed."}, {"n": "Flathead Valley Community College", "u": "/e/brewing-processes/flathead-valley-community-college/", "s": "Public community college in Kalispell, Montana, founded 1967."}, {"n": "Free amino nitrogen", "u": "/e/brewing-processes/free-amino-nitrogen/", "s": "FAN measures amino acids and small peptides usable by yeast."}, {"n": "Glycol chiller", "u": "/e/brewing-processes/glycol-chiller/", "s": "A refrigeration system using propylene glycol for beverage cooling."}, {"n": "Gravity (alcoholic beverage)", "u": "/e/brewing-processes/gravity-alcoholic-beverage/", "s": "Specific gravity measures sugar content and fermentation progress in brewing."}, {"n": "Brewery", "u": "/e/brewing-processes/gypsy-brewer/", "s": "A facility for commercial beer production, known since antiquity."}, {"n": "Hard seltzer", "u": "/e/brewing-processes/hard-seltzer/", "s": "A carbonated alcoholic drink with low calories and sugar."}, {"n": "History of brewing in Rochester, New York", "u": "/e/brewing-processes/history-of-brewing-in-rochester-new-york/", "s": "Rochester's brewing industry thrived from the 1820s until Prohibition."}, {"n": "Keystone (cask)", "u": "/e/brewing-processes/keystone-cask/", "s": "A replaceable fitting that seals the cask and accepts the tap."}, {"n": "Kveik", "u": "/e/brewing-processes/kveik/", "s": "Norwegian farmhouse yeast family with high-temperature tolerance."}, {"n": "Lautering", "u": "/e/brewing-processes/lautering/", "s": "Lautering separates mash into clear wort and residual grain."}, {"n": "Maashaus", "u": "/e/brewing-processes/maashaus/", "s": "Maashaus could be translated as a 'beer house'."}, {"n": "Malting", "u": "/e/brewing-processes/malting/", "s": "Steeping, germinating, and drying grain to produce malt for brewing."}, {"n": "Mash rake", "u": "/e/brewing-processes/mash-rake/", "s": "Traditional tool for mixing mash, now a brewer's symbol."}, {"n": "Mashing", "u": "/e/brewing-processes/mashing/", "s": "Mashing converts grain starch into fermentable sugars via enzymatic action."}, {"n": "Oregon Hops and Brewing Archives", "u": "/e/brewing-processes/oregon-hops-and-brewing-archives/", "s": "Community archive preserving Northwest hops and brewing history."}, {"n": "Pink Boots Society", "u": "/e/brewing-processes/pink-boots-society/", "s": "Supporting women and non-binary fermented beverage professionals through education."}, {"n": "Shive", "u": "/e/brewing-processes/shive/", "s": "A cask fitting that adapts a large hole for cleaning and a small hole for gas control."}, {"n": "Spile", "u": "/e/brewing-processes/spile/", "s": "A peg controlling gas flow in cask ale and tree tapping."}, {"n": "Standard Reference Method", "u": "/e/brewing-processes/standard-reference-method/", "s": "A single-point spectral method for quantifying beer color."}, {"n": "Stuck fermentation", "u": "/e/brewing-processes/stuck-fermentation/", "s": "Unintentional yeast dormancy halting fermentation before completion."}, {"n": "Tower brewery", "u": "/e/brewing-processes/tower-brewery/", "s": "A gravity-fed vertical brewery from the late Victorian period."}, {"n": "Women in brewing", "u": "/e/brewing-processes/women-in-brewing/", "s": "Women were the primary brewers globally until industrialization."}, {"n": "Women On Tap CIC", "u": "/e/brewing-processes/women-on-tap-cic/", "s": "Social enterprise advancing gender diversity in beer."}, {"n": "World Brewers Cup", "u": "/e/brewing-processes/world-brewers-cup/", "s": "Annual competition showcasing manual filter coffee brewing skill."}, {"n": "Wort", "u": "/e/brewing-processes/wort/", "s": "Liquid extracted from mashing, fermented to produce alcohol."}, {"n": "Yeast flocculation", "u": "/e/brewing-processes/yeast-flocculation/", "s": "Reversible clumping of yeast after sugar fermentation."}, {"n": "Zymology", "u": "/e/brewing-processes/zymology/", "s": "Applied science studying fermentation and its practical uses."}, {"n": "Beer chemistry", "u": "/e/brewing-processes/beer-chemistry/", "s": "Chemical compounds from plants and yeast define beer's flavor and foam."}, {"n": "Beer distribution", "u": "/e/brewing-processes/beer-distribution/", "s": "Beer distribution involves two or three tiers worldwide."}, {"n": "Beer in Lebanon", "u": "/e/brewing-processes/beer-in-lebanon/", "s": "Beer in Lebanon dates to antiquity and remains a significant market."}, {"n": "Beer league", "u": "/e/brewing-processes/beer-league/", "s": "Amateur sports leagues where competition is secondary to camaraderie."}, {"n": "Beer mix", "u": "/e/brewing-processes/beer-mix/", "s": "Beer mixes blend beer with mixers, rooted in German tradition."}, {"n": "Beer shop", "u": "/e/brewing-processes/beer-shop/", "s": "A specialised liquor store focused on beer and related goods."}, {"n": "Beer tasting", "u": "/e/brewing-processes/beer-tasting/", "s": "Beer tasting analyzes appearance, smell, and taste."}, {"n": "Hop water", "u": "/e/brewing-processes/hop-water/", "s": "A non-alcoholic hop-flavored carbonated drink."}, {"n": "Tomato beer", "u": "/e/brewing-processes/tomato-beer/", "s": "Tomato beer blends beer with tomato juice or purée in diverse global styles."}, {"n": "Black Eagle Brewery", "u": "/e/brewing-processes/black-eagle-brewery/", "s": "Once the world's largest brewery, now a creative and commercial hub."}, {"n": "Dominion Brewery", "u": "/e/brewing-processes/dominion-brewery/", "s": "A Toronto brewery that won awards and shipped across Canada."}, {"n": "Don Brewery", "u": "/e/brewing-processes/don-brewery/", "s": "A pioneering lager brewery in 19th-century Toronto."}, {"n": "Molson Brewery (Edmonton)", "u": "/e/brewing-processes/molson-brewery-edmonton/", "s": "Edmonton brewery operated 1913–2007, later became Brewery District."}, {"n": "Star Brewery", "u": "/e/brewing-processes/star-brewery/", "s": "A Romford brewery that became a shopping centre."}, {"n": "Sterneckerbräu", "u": "/e/brewing-processes/sterneckerbr-u/", "s": "Brewery and inn where the Nazi Party's first branch was founded."}, {"n": "Drayman", "u": "/e/brewing-processes/drayman/", "s": "A drayman is a driver of a dray, historically horse-drawn."}, {"n": "International Union of United Brewery, Flour, Cereal, Soft Drink and Distillery Workers", "u": "/e/brewing-processes/international-union-of-united-brewery-flour-cereal-soft-drink-and-distillery-workers/", "s": "A pioneering industrial union with a turbulent history of jurisdictional battles."}, {"n": "Frank X. Bauer", "u": "/e/brewing-processes/frank-x-bauer/", "s": "Socialist assemblyman and brewery worker from Milwaukee."}, {"n": "Brace Belden", "u": "/e/brewing-processes/brace-belden/", "s": "Podcaster, YPG veteran, and craft brewery union organizer."}, {"n": "Horace Tabberer Brown", "u": "/e/brewing-processes/horace-tabberer-brown/", "s": "Chemist who applied science to brewing for over 50 years."}, {"n": "Chuck Hahn", "u": "/e/brewing-processes/chuck-hahn/", "s": "Founder of Hahn Brewery and Chief Brewer at Lion Co."}, {"n": "Coors strike and boycott", "u": "/e/brewing-processes/coors-strike-and-boycott/", "s": "A multi-group boycott and strike against Coors Brewing Company."}, {"n": "Richard Elsner", "u": "/e/brewing-processes/richard-elsner/", "s": "Socialist attorney, judge, and one-term Wisconsin Assembly member."}, {"n": "Sigi Friedmann", "u": "/e/brewing-processes/sigi-friedmann/", "s": "Fourth-generation brewmaster and youngest master brewer in Germany."}, {"n": "Martin Gorecki", "u": "/e/brewing-processes/martin-gorecki/", "s": "Polish Socialist assemblyman and brewery union leader from Milwaukee."}, {"n": "William Hamm Jr.", "u": "/e/brewing-processes/william-hamm-jr/", "s": "Brewery executive kidnapped by the Barker–Karpis Gang in 1933."}, {"n": "Christian Heurich", "u": "/e/brewing-processes/christian-heurich/", "s": "Largest brewer in Washington, D.C., and major real estate investor."}, {"n": "James Squire", "u": "/e/brewing-processes/james-squire/", "s": "First Fleet convict who brewed Australia's first beer with hops."}, {"n": "Herman Weiss", "u": "/e/brewing-processes/herman-weiss/", "s": "Prussian-born brewmaster who led Shiner Brewery and ran Weiss & Sons."}]