{"https://codexery.com/sports-and-recreation/e/sports-and-recreation/board-game/": {"t": "Board game", "s": "Tabletop game using pieces on a patterned board."}, "https://codexery.com/games-related-to-chaturanga/e/games-related-to-chaturanga/chaturanga/": {"t": "Chaturanga", "s": "Ancient Indian board game, ancestor of chess and many variants."}, "https://codexery.com/games-related-to-chaturanga/e/games-related-to-chaturanga/janggi/": {"t": "Janggi", "s": "Korean chess with no river, jumping cannons, and a palace for the general."}, "/e/board-games/xiangqi/": {"t": "Xiangqi", "s": "A two-player strategy game from China, related to Western chess.", "i": "https://codexery.com/boardgames/img/board-games/xiangqi.webp", "c": "Yevrowl · CC BY-SA 4.0"}, "/e/board-games/shogi/": {"t": "Shogi", "s": "Japanese chess with a unique drop rule.", "i": "https://codexery.com/boardgames/img/board-games/shogi.webp", "c": "Yevrowl · CC0"}, "https://codexery.com/chess-masters/e/chess-masters/wilhelm-steinitz/": {"t": "Wilhelm Steinitz", "s": "First World Chess Champion and founder of modern positional play.", "i": "https://codexery.com/chess-masters/img/chess-masters/wilhelm-steinitz.webp", "c": "via Wikipedia: Wilhelm Steinitz · see source"}, "https://codexery.com/computing-digital/e/computing-and-digital/computer-science/": {"t": "Computer science", "s": "Study of computation, information, and automation spanning theory to application."}, "https://codexery.com/board-games-puzzles/e/board-games-and-puzzles/jenga/": {"t": "Jenga", "s": "The classic game of physical skill where every move counts."}, "https://codexery.com/cities/e/landmark-cities/new-york-city/": {"t": "New York City", "s": "The most populous city in the United States, a global center of finance, culture, and diplomacy."}, "https://codexery.com/cities/e/capitals/mexico-city/": {"t": "Mexico City", "s": "La Ciudad de los Palacios"}, "https://codexery.com/public-health-and-epidemiology/e/public-health-and-epidemiology/quarantine/": {"t": "Quarantine", "s": "Restriction on movement to prevent spread of disease or pests."}, "https://codexery.com/peninsulas-and-cape-landforms/e/peninsulas-and-cape-landforms/korean-peninsula/": {"t": "Korean Peninsula", "s": "Divided peninsula with ancient kingdoms and modern global influence."}, "/e/board-games/chess/": {"t": "Chess", "s": "The timeless game of strategy and intellect."}, "https://codexery.com/astronomy-space/e/astronomy-and-space/observable-universe/": {"t": "Observable universe", "s": "The portion of the universe visible from Earth."}, "https://codexery.com/eastern-and-islamic-philosophers/e/eastern-and-islamic-philosophers/mencius/": {"t": "Mencius", "s": "Chinese Confucian philosopher, the Second Sage, who taught innate human goodness."}, "https://codexery.com/pre-columbian-empires/e/pre-columbian-empires/tang-dynasty/": {"t": "Tang dynasty", "s": "The Tang dynasty governed China from 618 to 907, with a break between 690 and 705.", "i": "https://codexery.com/pre-columbian-empires/img/pre-columbian-empires/tang-dynasty.webp", "c": "via Wikipedia: Tang dynasty · see source"}, "https://codexery.com/pre-columbian-empires/e/pre-columbian-empires/sui-dynasty/": {"t": "Sui dynasty", "s": "Brief dynasty that reunified China and shaped the Tang golden age.", "i": "https://codexery.com/pre-columbian-empires/img/pre-columbian-empires/sui-dynasty.webp", "c": "via Wikipedia: Sui dynasty · see source"}, "https://codexery.com/shogun/e/characters/tokugawa-ieyasu/": {"t": "Tokugawa Ieyasu", "s": "Former hostage turned daimyo who founded the Tokugawa shogunate and ruled Japan from Edo.", "i": "https://codexery.com/shogun/img/characters/tokugawa-ieyasu.webp", "c": "via Wikipedia: Tokugawa Ieyasu · see source"}, "https://codexery.com/chess-mind-sports/e/chess-and-mind-sports/hon-inb-sansa/": {"t": "Hon'inbō Sansa", "s": "Founder of the Hon'inbō school and first Meijin of Go."}, "https://codexery.com/literary-works/e/literary-works/the-tale-of-genji/": {"t": "The Tale of Genji", "s": "A Heian-era tale of courtly life and love."}, "https://codexery.com/historical-eras/e/historical-eras/heian-period/": {"t": "Heian period", "s": "A period of peace, cultural flowering, and Fujiwara dominance."}, "https://codexery.com/early-modern-state-formation-and-dynasti/e/early-modern-state-formation-and-dynasties/german-empire/": {"t": "German Empire", "s": "German Empire from 1871 unification to 1918 revolution.", "i": "https://codexery.com/early-modern-state-formation-and-dynasti/img/early-modern-state-formation-and-dynasties/german-empire.webp", "c": "via Wikipedia: German Empire · see source"}, "https://codexery.com/former-empires/e/former-empires/austria-hungary/": {"t": "Austria-Hungary", "s": "A dual monarchy that shaped Central Europe for half a century."}, "https://codexery.com/revolutions-uprisings/e/revolutions-and-uprisings/cultural-revolution/": {"t": "Cultural Revolution", "s": "A sociopolitical movement launched by Mao Zedong from 1966 to 1976.", "i": "https://codexery.com/revolutions-uprisings/img/revolutions-and-uprisings/cultural-revolution.webp", "c": "闫恩铭／Enming Yan · CC BY-SA 4.0"}, "https://codexery.com/history-of-board-games/e/history-of-board-games/royal-game-of-ur/": {"t": "Royal Game of Ur", "s": "An ancient race game of strategy and luck from Mesopotamia."}, "https://codexery.com/ancient-rulers-of-africa-and-the-near-ea/e/ancient-rulers-of-africa-and-the-near-east/ardashir-i/": {"t": "Ardashir I", "s": "Founder of the Sasanian Empire and unifier of Iran.", "i": "https://codexery.com/ancient-rulers-of-africa-and-the-near-ea/img/ancient-rulers-of-africa-and-the-near-east/ardashir-i.webp", "c": "via Wikipedia: List of conflicts in the Near East · see source"}, "https://codexery.com/leaders-and-monarchs/e/leaders-and-monarchs/khosrow-i/": {"t": "Khosrow I", "s": "Sasanian King of Kings from 531 to 579, known for reforms, wars, and cultural flourishing."}, "https://codexery.com/authors-poets/e/authors-and-poets/ovid/": {"t": "Ovid", "s": "Roman poet exiled for a poem and a mistake."}, "https://codexery.com/historical-figures/e/notable/hieronymus-bosch/": {"t": "Hieronymus Bosch", "s": "Dutch painter from Brabant, known for fantastic religious imagery and nightmarish depictions of hell."}, "https://codexery.com/historical-figures/e/artists/pieter-bruegel-the-elder/": {"t": "Pieter Bruegel the Elder", "s": "Pioneer of landscapes and peasant scenes in Dutch and Flemish Renaissance painting.", "i": "https://codexery.com/historical-figures/img/artists/pieter-bruegel-the-elder.webp", "c": "Pieter Brueghel the Elder · via Wikipedia: Pieter Bruegel the Elder · Public domain"}, "https://codexery.com/historical-figures/e/notable/caravaggio/": {"t": "Caravaggio", "s": "Italian painter whose tenebrism shaped Baroque art."}, "https://codexery.com/card-games/e/card-games/whist/": {"t": "Whist", "s": "Classic English trick-taking card game of the 18th and 19th centuries."}, "https://codexery.com/publishers-and-media-moguls/e/publishers-and-media-moguls/hugh-hefner/": {"t": "Hugh Hefner", "s": "Founder of Playboy magazine and a bon vivant icon."}, "https://codexery.com/historical-figures/e/scientists/henry-george/": {"t": "Henry George", "s": "American political economist and journalist, author of Progress and Poverty"}, "https://codexery.com/race-games/e/race-games/quicksand-board-game/": {"t": "Quicksand (board game)", "s": "Four explorers race to discover an ancient temple."}, "https://codexery.com/nonfiction-and-reference/e/part-1/progress-and-poverty/": {"t": "Progress and Poverty", "s": "Progress and Poverty: An Inquiry into the Cause of Industrial Depressions and of Increase of Want with Increase of Wealth: The Remedy is an 1879 book by social "}, "https://codexery.com/major-wars/e/major-wars/second-world-war/": {"t": "Second World War", "s": "Global conflict between Allies and Axis, deadliest in history."}, "https://codexery.com/economic-simulation-board-games/e/economic-simulation-board-games/anti-monopoly/": {"t": "Anti-Monopoly", "s": "A board game challenging monopolies and antitrust laws."}, "https://codexery.com/construction-and-engineering/e/construction-and-engineering/tram/": {"t": "Tram", "s": "Urban rail transit on public streets, also known as streetcars or trolleys.", "i": "https://codexery.com/construction-and-engineering/img/construction-and-engineering/tram.webp", "c": "Amélie Tsaag Valren · CC BY-SA 4.0"}, "https://codexery.com/corporations-conglomerates/e/corporations-and-conglomerates/visa-inc/": {"t": "Visa Inc.", "s": "Global electronic funds transfer network for card payments.", "i": "https://codexery.com/corporations-conglomerates/img/corporations-and-conglomerates/visa-inc.webp", "c": "via Wikipedia: Visa Inc. · see source"}, "https://codexery.com/roll-and-move-board-games/e/roll-and-move-board-games/monopoly-the-mega-edition/": {"t": "Monopoly: The Mega Edition", "s": "Expanded Monopoly with larger board, new spaces, and skyscrapers."}, "https://codexery.com/companies-and-brands/e/companies-and-brands/mcdonald-s/": {"t": "McDonald's", "s": "The world's largest fast food chain, serving billions since 1940.", "i": "https://codexery.com/companies-and-brands/img/companies-and-brands/mcdonald-s.webp", "c": "Dinkun Chen · CC BY-SA 4.0"}, "https://codexery.com/pc-gaming-brands-and-manufacturers/e/pc-gaming-brands-and-manufacturers/samsung/": {"t": "Samsung", "s": "South Korean conglomerate and global leader in electronics and shipbuilding."}, "https://codexery.com/finance-and-investment/e/finance-and-investment/mortgage/": {"t": "Mortgage", "s": "A loan secured by real property, with foreclosure upon default."}, "https://codexery.com/finance-and-investment/e/finance-and-investment/currency-symbol/": {"t": "Currency symbol", "s": "Graphic symbol denoting a currency unit, defined by monetary authorities."}, "https://codexery.com/nonfiction-and-reference/e/part-1/lexicon/": {"t": "Lexicon", "s": "The vocabulary inventory of a language or branch of knowledge."}, "https://codexery.com/media-and-publishing/e/media-and-publishing/the-new-york-times/": {"t": "The New York Times", "s": "The Gray Lady, a U.S."}, "https://codexery.com/flight-instruments-and-avionics/e/flight-instruments-and-avionics/radar/": {"t": "Radar", "s": "Radio waves detect and track objects by reflection."}, "https://codexery.com/society-and-culture/e/society-and-culture/profanity/": {"t": "Profanity", "s": "Offensive language used for emotion, emphasis, or social bonding."}, "https://codexery.com/sports-and-recreation/e/sports-and-recreation/video-game/": {"t": "Video game", "s": "Electronic games with visual feedback from a display device."}, "https://codexery.com/computing-software/e/computing-and-software/mac-computer/": {"t": "Mac (computer)", "s": "The Mac: a brand of personal computers designed and marketed by Apple since 1984."}, "https://codexery.com/american-inventions/e/american-inventions/amiga/": {"t": "Amiga", "s": "Mid-80s computer family with custom graphics and sound hardware."}, "https://codexery.com/video-game-consoles-by-generation/e/video-game-consoles-by-generation/game-boy/": {"t": "Game Boy", "s": "A monochromatic handheld that defined portable gaming."}, "https://codexery.com/video-game-consoles-by-generation/e/video-game-consoles-by-generation/game-boy-advance/": {"t": "Game Boy Advance", "s": "Nintendo's 32-bit handheld bridging generations with backward compatibility."}, "https://codexery.com/card-tabletop-games/e/card-and-tabletop-games/strategy-game/": {"t": "Strategy game", "s": "Games where decision-making skill determines the outcome."}, "/e/board-games/catan/": {"t": "Catan", "s": "Build, trade, and settle the island of Catan.", "i": "https://codexery.com/boardgames/img/board-games/catan.webp", "c": "Elebls · CC BY-SA 4.0"}, "/e/board-games/diplomacy/": {"t": "Diplomacy", "s": "The art and practice of conducting negotiations between representatives of states or other international actors."}, "https://codexery.com/card-tabletop-games/e/card-and-tabletop-games/wargame/": {"t": "Wargame", "s": "Strategy games simulating armed conflict for recreation, training, or study.", "i": "https://codexery.com/card-tabletop-games/img/card-and-tabletop-games/wargame.webp", "c": "Rolf Nohr, Ralf Wegemann · CC BY-SA 4.0"}, "https://codexery.com/spatial-analysis-gis/e/spatial-analysis-and-gis/territory/": {"t": "Territory", "s": "A geographic area under external jurisdiction, not self-governing."}, "https://codexery.com/structural-geology-and-tectonics/e/structural-geology-and-tectonics/continent/": {"t": "Continent", "s": "Large terrestrial region identified by convention, not strict criteria."}, "https://codexery.com/gaming-mechanics-design/e/gaming-mechanics-and-design/game-mechanics/": {"t": "Game mechanics", "s": "Rules and ludemes that guide player actions and game responses.", "i": "https://codexery.com/gaming-mechanics-design/img/gaming-mechanics-and-design/game-mechanics.webp", "c": "Anonymous Unknown author · Public domain"}, "https://codexery.com/board-game-publishing-companies/e/board-game-publishing-companies/avalon-hill/": {"t": "Avalon Hill", "s": "Publisher of wargames and strategic board games since 1952."}, "https://codexery.com/literary-works/e/literary-works/the-lord-of-the-rings/": {"t": "The Lord of the Rings", "s": "An epic high fantasy novel set in Middle-earth."}, "https://codexery.com/film-history/e/film-history/star-wars/": {"t": "Star Wars", "s": "A long time ago in a galaxy far, far away...", "i": "https://codexery.com/film-history/img/film-history/star-wars.webp", "c": "Original: The Walt Disney Company, Suzy Rice Vector:  Weweje · via Wikipedia: Star Wars · Public domain"}, "https://codexery.com/chinese-inventions/e/chinese-inventions/artillery/": {"t": "Artillery", "s": "Ranged weapons launching munitions far beyond infantry firearms."}, "https://codexery.com/cities/e/modern-metropolis/toronto/": {"t": "Toronto", "s": "Canada's largest city and a global hub of multiculturalism, finance, and culture."}, "https://codexery.com/regions-cultural-spheres/e/regions-and-cultural-spheres/north-america/": {"t": "North America", "s": "Third-largest continent by area; fourth-largest by population.", "i": "https://codexery.com/regions-cultural-spheres/img/regions-and-cultural-spheres/north-america.webp", "c": "via Wikipedia: North America · see source"}, "https://codexery.com/regions-cultural-spheres/e/regions-and-cultural-spheres/europe/": {"t": "Europe", "s": "Second-smallest continent, birthplace of Western civilisation and European Union."}, "https://codexery.com/regions-cultural-spheres/e/regions-and-cultural-spheres/asia/": {"t": "Asia", "s": "Largest continent by area and population, cradle of many civilisations."}, "https://codexery.com/board-wargames/e/board-wargames/risiko/": {"t": "RisiKo!", "s": "Italian board game variant with secret missions and three-dice defense, first published in 1977."}, "https://codexery.com/turn-based-strategy-games-of-the-1990s/e/turn-based-strategy-games-of-the-1990s/global-domination/": {"t": "Global Domination", "s": "A turn-based conquer-the-world game modeled on Risk."}, "https://codexery.com/video-game-consoles-by-generation/e/video-game-consoles-by-generation/playstation-console/": {"t": "PlayStation (console)", "s": "A fifth-generation console that popularized CD-ROM gaming."}, "https://codexery.com/video-game-consoles-by-generation/e/video-game-consoles-by-generation/playstation-2/": {"t": "PlayStation 2", "s": "Best-selling console with DVD playback and backward compatibility."}, "https://codexery.com/video-game-consoles-by-generation/e/video-game-consoles-by-generation/nintendo-switch/": {"t": "Nintendo Switch", "s": "A hybrid console that switches between home and portable play."}, "https://codexery.com/microprose-games/e/microprose-games/risk-ii/": {"t": "Risk II", "s": "A digital adaptation of Risk with simultaneous-turn and real-time modes."}, "/e/board-games/monopoly/": {"t": "Monopoly", "s": "One seller, no substitutes, market power.", "i": "https://codexery.com/boardgames/img/board-games/monopoly.webp", "c": "Smirkybec · CC BY-SA 4.0"}, "https://codexery.com/board-games-puzzles/e/board-games-and-puzzles/eurogame/": {"t": "Eurogame", "s": "Strategy, social play, and no player elimination."}, "https://codexery.com/probability-statistics/e/probability-and-statistics/normal-distribution/": {"t": "Normal distribution", "s": "A continuous probability distribution with a bell-shaped density curve.", "i": "https://codexery.com/probability-statistics/img/probability-and-statistics/normal-distribution.webp", "c": "TYalaA · CC BY-SA 4.0"}, "https://codexery.com/geology-and-landforms/e/geology-and-landforms/archipelago/": {"t": "Archipelago", "s": "A chain, cluster, or collection of islands.", "i": "https://codexery.com/geology-and-landforms/img/geology-and-landforms/archipelago.webp", "c": "NASA Goddard Space Flight Center · CC BY 2.0"}, "https://codexery.com/historical-figures/e/notable/alexander-the-great/": {"t": "Alexander the Great", "s": "King of Macedon who created a vast empire from Greece to India."}, "https://codexery.com/world-wonders/e/world-wonders/the-great-wall-of-china/": {"t": "The Great Wall of China", "s": "An ancient defensive system spanning thousands of miles across China's northern borders.", "i": "https://codexery.com/world-wonders/img/world-wonders/the-great-wall-of-china.webp", "c": "Jakub Hałun · CC BY-SA 4.0"}, "https://codexery.com/greek-myths/e/greek-myths/the-trojan-war/": {"t": "The Trojan War", "s": "Legendary Greek war against Troy, central to Homeric epics."}, "https://codexery.com/narrative-techniques-genres/e/narrative-techniques-and-genres/historical-fiction/": {"t": "Historical fiction", "s": "Fictional narratives set in real historical periods."}, "https://codexery.com/film-history/e/film-history/star-trek/": {"t": "Star Trek", "s": "A franchise exploring strange new worlds and moral dilemmas."}, "https://codexery.com/science-fiction-and-fantasy-writers/e/science-fiction-and-fantasy-writers/george-r-r-martin/": {"t": "George R.R. Martin", "s": "American author of A Song of Ice and Fire."}, "https://codexery.com/giants-in-popular-culture/e/giants-in-popular-culture/a-song-of-ice-and-fire/": {"t": "A Song of Ice and Fire", "s": "A high fantasy series of political realism and moral ambiguity."}, "https://codexery.com/media-and-publishing/e/media-and-publishing/the-washington-post/": {"t": "The Washington Post", "s": "American daily newspaper and newspaper of record."}, "https://codexery.com/casual-game-companies/e/casual-game-companies/big-fish-games/": {"t": "Big Fish Games", "s": "Casual game developer and distributor with a history of legal disputes.", "i": "https://codexery.com/casual-game-companies/img/casual-game-companies/big-fish-games.webp", "c": "Mary Emma Salisbury Barse · Public domain"}, "/e/board-games/backgammon/": {"t": "Backgammon", "s": "The classic two-player game of strategy and luck, descended from 16th-century Irish.", "i": "https://codexery.com/boardgames/img/board-games/backgammon.webp", "c": "Thomas Rowlandson · CC0"}, "https://codexery.com/history-of-board-games/e/history-of-board-games/alquerque/": {"t": "Alquerque", "s": "The ancient Middle Eastern strategy game that gave rise to checkers.", "i": "https://codexery.com/history-of-board-games/img/history-of-board-games/alquerque.webp", "c": "Sqjaques · CC BY-SA 4.0"}, "https://codexery.com/canadian-inventions/e/canadian-inventions/canadian-checkers/": {"t": "Canadian checkers", "s": "A large variant of draughts played on a 12×12 board.", "i": "https://codexery.com/canadian-inventions/img/canadian-inventions/canadian-checkers.webp", "c": "Ihardlythinkso · CC0"}, "https://codexery.com/american-inventions/e/american-inventions/app-store-apple/": {"t": "App Store (Apple)", "s": "Apple's digital marketplace for iOS, macOS, and iPadOS apps."}, "https://codexery.com/explorers-pioneers/e/explorers-and-pioneers/hatshepsut/": {"t": "Hatshepsut", "s": "Second confirmed female pharaoh who ruled during a period of prosperity.", "i": "https://codexery.com/explorers-pioneers/img/explorers-and-pioneers/hatshepsut.webp", "c": "Holger Uwe Schmitt · CC BY-SA 4.0"}, "https://codexery.com/history-of-board-games/e/history-of-board-games/ludus-latrunculorum/": {"t": "Ludus latrunculorum", "s": "A Roman strategy game of soldiers and brigands, shrouded in mystery."}, "https://codexery.com/european-medieval-monarchs/e/european-medieval-monarchs/alfonso-x-of-castile/": {"t": "Alfonso X of Castile", "s": "King of Castile, León and Galicia; patron of science and law."}, "https://codexery.com/fifa-world-cup/e/honours/soviet-union/": {"t": "Soviet Union", "s": "The world's flagship communist state and a superpower spanning Eurasia."}, "https://codexery.com/british-empire/e/british-empire/anglosphere/": {"t": "Anglosphere", "s": "A Western-led sphere of English-speaking allied nations."}, "https://codexery.com/algorithms-and-data-structures/e/algorithms-and-data-structures/brute-force-search/": {"t": "Brute-force search", "s": "A problem-solving method checking all possible candidates."}, "https://codexery.com/brazilian-inventions/e/brazilian-inventions/brazilian-draughts/": {"t": "Brazilian draughts", "s": "Brazilian draughts: a compact variant of international draughts on an 8×8 board."}, "https://codexery.com/russian-inventions/e/russian-inventions/bashni/": {"t": "Bashni", "s": "Russian column draughts variant with stacking captures."}, "/e/board-games/risk/": {"t": "Risk", "s": "The possibility of something bad happening.", "i": "https://codexery.com/boardgames/img/board-games/risk.webp", "c": "Document02 · CC0"}, "https://codexery.com/games-related-to-chaturanga/e/games-related-to-chaturanga/indian-chess/": {"t": "Indian chess", "s": "Regional chess variations from 18th–19th century India, distinct from chaturanga."}, "https://codexery.com/games-related-to-chaturanga/e/games-related-to-chaturanga/makruk/": {"t": "Makruk", "s": "A chess variant descended from chaturanga, played in Thailand and Cambodia."}, "https://codexery.com/writing-systems/e/writing-systems/hiragana/": {"t": "Hiragana", "s": "A Japanese syllabary used for phonetic writing."}, "https://codexery.com/regions-cultural-spheres/e/regions-and-cultural-spheres/western-world/": {"t": "Western world", "s": "An evolving cultural, political, and economic concept of diverse groups."}, "/e/board-games/go/": {"t": "Go", "s": "Ancient abstract strategy game of territory capture.", "i": "https://codexery.com/boardgames/img/board-games/go.webp", "c": "Torii, Kiyonaga, 1752-1815, artist · Public domain"}, "https://codexery.com/ancient-empires/e/ancient-empires/han-dynasty/": {"t": "Han dynasty", "s": "The golden age that shaped Chinese identity."}, "https://codexery.com/languages-and-scripts/e/languages-and-scripts/traditional-chinese-characters/": {"t": "Traditional Chinese characters", "s": "One of two standardized Chinese character sets, historically predominant."}, "https://codexery.com/lines-hemispheres/e/lines-and-hemispheres/north/": {"t": "North", "s": "One of the four cardinal directions, opposite south."}, "https://codexery.com/lines-hemispheres/e/lines-and-hemispheres/south/": {"t": "South", "s": "One of the four cardinal directions, opposite north."}, "https://codexery.com/taboo/e/taboo/naming-taboo/": {"t": "Naming taboo", "s": "A taboo against using exalted persons' names in China and beyond."}, "https://codexery.com/chinese-emperors-and-leaders/e/chinese-emperors-and-leaders/emperor-wu-of-northern-zhou/": {"t": "Emperor Wu of Northern Zhou", "s": "Emperor who seized power and destroyed Northern Qi."}, "https://codexery.com/pre-columbian-empires/e/pre-columbian-empires/qing-dynasty/": {"t": "Qing dynasty", "s": "The Qing dynasty, also called the Great Qing or Qing China, was a Manchu-led imperial dynasty that ruled from 1636 or 1644 until 1912."}, "https://codexery.com/games-related-to-chaturanga/e/games-related-to-chaturanga/banqi/": {"t": "Banqi", "s": "A Chinese board game of hidden pieces and ranked captures."}, "https://codexery.com/cities/e/modern-metropolis/hong-kong/": {"t": "Hong Kong", "s": "Asia's world city, a global financial hub."}, "/e/board-games/stratego/": {"t": "Stratego", "s": "A classic strategy board wargame of hidden ranks and Napoleonic warfare."}, "https://codexery.com/dynasties-and-kingdoms/e/dynasties-and-kingdoms/three-kingdoms/": {"t": "Three Kingdoms", "s": "A partial revival of the old three kingdoms in early medieval Korea."}, "https://codexery.com/card-games/e/card-games/playing-card/": {"t": "Playing card", "s": "Specially prepared cards used for games, magic, and collection.", "i": "https://codexery.com/card-games/img/card-games/playing-card.webp", "c": "Wikimedia Commons · CC0"}, "https://codexery.com/pre-columbian-empires/e/pre-columbian-empires/song-dynasty/": {"t": "Song dynasty", "s": "Chinese dynasty that pioneered paper money and gunpowder weapons.", "i": "https://codexery.com/pre-columbian-empires/img/pre-columbian-empires/song-dynasty.webp", "c": "via Wikipedia: Song dynasty · see source"}, "https://codexery.com/chinese-inventions/e/chinese-inventions/chinese-dominoes/": {"t": "Chinese dominoes", "s": "Chinese dominoes originated from dice throws and evolved into diverse games."}, "https://codexery.com/paranormal/e/paranormal/methods-of-divination/": {"t": "Methods of divination", "s": "A compendium of divinatory methods from around the world."}, "https://codexery.com/common-plants-and-crops/e/common-plants-and-crops/oak/": {"t": "Oak", "s": "Hardwood trees and shrubs of the genus Quercus, keystone species across the Northern Hemisphere."}, "https://codexery.com/polymers-and-macromolecules/e/polymers-and-macromolecules/polystyrene/": {"t": "Polystyrene", "s": "A widely used, non-biodegradable thermoplastic polymer."}, "https://codexery.com/belgian-inventions/e/belgian-inventions/bakelite/": {"t": "Bakelite", "s": "First synthetic plastic, molded into countless products.", "i": "https://codexery.com/belgian-inventions/img/belgian-inventions/bakelite.webp", "c": "Laura Blanchard from Philadelphia, USA · CC BY-SA 2.0"}, "https://codexery.com/polymers-and-macromolecules/e/polymers-and-macromolecules/phenol-formaldehyde-resin/": {"t": "Phenol formaldehyde resin", "s": "First commercial synthetic resin, used in Bakelite and many industrial products."}, "https://codexery.com/fifa-world-cup/e/honours/austria/": {"t": "Austria", "s": "A landlocked Central European nation with a rich imperial history and a modern neutral democracy."}, "https://codexery.com/fifa-world-cup/e/honours/italy/": {"t": "Italy", "s": "A cultural superpower with the eighth-largest economy and the most UNESCO sites."}, "https://codexery.com/card-games/e/card-games/cribbage/": {"t": "Cribbage", "s": "A card game of scoring combinations and tactical play.", "i": "https://codexery.com/card-games/img/card-games/cribbage.webp", "c": "J Wynia from Minneapolis, United States · CC BY 2.0"}, "https://codexery.com/sports-and-recreation/e/sports-and-recreation/card-game/": {"t": "Card game", "s": "Games using cards as the primary device for play."}, "https://codexery.com/u-s-states/e/u-s-states/texas/": {"t": "Texas", "s": "Second-largest U.S. state by area, but first in Fortune 500 headquarters and gross state product."}, "https://codexery.com/mystery-crime-writers/e/mystery-and-crime-writers/agatha-christie/": {"t": "Agatha Christie", "s": "British mystery drama television programme adapting all of Agatha Christie's Poirot stories.", "i": "https://codexery.com/mystery-crime-writers/img/mystery-and-crime-writers/agatha-christie.webp", "c": "via Wikipedia: Agatha Christie's Poirot · see source"}, "/e/board-games/pachisi/": {"t": "Pachisi", "s": "Ancient Indian cross and circle board game."}, "https://codexery.com/mystery-crime-writers/e/mystery-and-crime-writers/arthur-conan-doyle/": {"t": "Arthur Conan Doyle", "s": "Scottish writer and physician, creator of Sherlock Holmes.", "i": "https://codexery.com/mystery-crime-writers/img/mystery-and-crime-writers/arthur-conan-doyle.webp", "c": "via Wikipedia: Arthur Conan Doyle bibliography · see source"}, "https://codexery.com/chemistry-materials/e/chemistry-and-materials/lead/": {"t": "Lead", "s": "Heavy metal with stable isotopes and historical industrial use."}, "https://codexery.com/home-and-furniture/e/home-and-furniture/kitchen/": {"t": "Kitchen", "s": "Room used for cooking and food preparation."}, "https://codexery.com/computing-digital/e/computing-and-digital/android-operating-system/": {"t": "Android (operating system)", "s": "The world's most widely used operating system, powering billions of devices."}, "https://codexery.com/internet-culture-and-platforms/e/internet-culture-and-platforms/steam-service/": {"t": "Steam (service)", "s": "Valve's digital distribution platform for PC games."}, "https://codexery.com/television-series-by-allspark/e/television-series-by-allspark/clue-miniseries/": {"t": "Clue (miniseries)", "s": "Six young sleuths uncover a dark secret society.", "i": "https://codexery.com/television-series-by-allspark/img/television-series-by-allspark/clue-miniseries.webp", "c": "Zairon · CC BY 4.0"}, "https://codexery.com/languages-and-dialects/e/languages-and-dialects/spanish-language/": {"t": "Spanish language", "s": "A global Romance language originating in the Kingdom of Castile."}, "/e/board-games/scrabble/": {"t": "Scrabble", "s": "Every man dies; not every man truly Scrabbles.", "i": "https://codexery.com/boardgames/img/board-games/scrabble.webp", "c": "Zintosch7 · CC BY-SA 4.0"}, "https://codexery.com/society-and-culture/e/society-and-culture/popular-culture/": {"t": "Popular culture", "s": "Dominant practices and beliefs of a society at a given time."}, "https://codexery.com/adventure-film-series/e/adventure-film-series/the-lord-of-the-rings-film-series/": {"t": "The Lord of the Rings (film series)", "s": "Three films shot simultaneously in New Zealand from 1999 to 2000."}, "https://codexery.com/cities-and-urban-areas/e/cities-and-urban-areas/montreal/": {"t": "Montreal", "s": "Montreal (French: Montréal) sits as Quebec’s biggest city, Canada’s second-largest, and North America’s eighth-largest."}, "https://codexery.com/states-and-regions/e/states-and-regions/quebec/": {"t": "Quebec", "s": "Canada's largest province, heart of Francophone culture in North America.", "i": "https://codexery.com/states-and-regions/img/states-and-regions/quebec.webp", "c": "Wilfredor · CC0"}, "https://codexery.com/english-counties/e/english-counties/dorset/": {"t": "Dorset", "s": "A ceremonial county in South West England with a varied landscape and a coastline largely part of the Jurassic Coast World Heritage Site."}, "https://codexery.com/corporations-conglomerates/e/corporations-and-conglomerates/virgin-group/": {"t": "Virgin Group", "s": "British conglomerate founded by Richard Branson and Nik Powell.", "i": "https://codexery.com/corporations-conglomerates/img/corporations-and-conglomerates/virgin-group.webp", "c": "via Wikipedia: Virgin Group · see source"}, "https://codexery.com/phantom-places-discovery/e/phantom-places-and-discovery/geography/": {"t": "Geography", "s": "Geography is the study of Earth's lands, features, inhabitants, and phenomena."}, "https://codexery.com/sports-and-recreation/e/sports-and-recreation/entertainment/": {"t": "Entertainment", "s": "A broad activity engaging audiences through pleasure, insight, and cultural expression."}, "https://codexery.com/sports-and-games/e/sports-and-games/sport/": {"t": "Sport", "s": "Sport encompasses physical and mind activities, governed by rules."}, "https://codexery.com/games-and-recreation/e/games-and-recreation/leisure/": {"t": "Leisure", "s": "Leisure is free time or experience done for its own sake."}, "https://codexery.com/international-law-diplomacy/e/international-law-and-diplomacy/supreme-court-of-the-united-states/": {"t": "Supreme Court of the United States", "s": "Highest federal court with ultimate appellate and original jurisdiction.", "i": "https://codexery.com/international-law-diplomacy/img/international-law-and-diplomacy/supreme-court-of-the-united-states.webp", "c": "Original:  Optimager Vector:  Ipankonin · via Wikipedia: Supreme Court of the United States · Public domain"}, "https://codexery.com/news-media/e/news-media/broadcast-syndication/": {"t": "Broadcast syndication", "s": "Licensing content to stations without a network."}, "https://codexery.com/celebrity-entertainers/e/celebrity-entertainers/levar-burton/": {"t": "LeVar Burton", "s": "Actor, host, and narrator known for iconic TV roles.", "i": "https://codexery.com/celebrity-entertainers/img/celebrity-entertainers/levar-burton.webp", "c": "via Wikipedia: LeVar Burton · see source"}, "https://codexery.com/fifa-world-cup/e/honours/spain/": {"t": "Spain", "s": "A country spanning the Iberian Peninsula, with a history from Roman Hispania to a modern constitutional monarchy."}, "https://codexery.com/video-game-consoles-by-generation/e/video-game-consoles-by-generation/sega-cd/": {"t": "Sega CD", "s": "CD-ROM add-on for the Sega Genesis with enhanced graphics and storage."}, "https://codexery.com/video-game-consoles-by-generation/e/video-game-consoles-by-generation/wii/": {"t": "Wii", "s": "Motion-controlled console that expanded the gaming audience."}, "https://codexery.com/card-tabletop-games/e/card-and-tabletop-games/the-game-of-life/": {"t": "The Game of Life", "s": "A board game simulating life's journey from youth to retirement."}, "https://codexery.com/board-game-publishing-companies/e/board-game-publishing-companies/asmodee/": {"t": "Asmodee", "s": "French board game publisher and acquirer of many studios."}, "https://codexery.com/trains/e/legendary-trains/the-orient-express/": {"t": "The Orient Express", "s": "The legendary luxury train that connected Paris to Istanbul.", "i": "https://codexery.com/trains/img/legendary-trains/the-orient-express.webp", "c": "Unknown author Unknown author Imp. Chaix (Suc[ursa]le Chéret)18 rue Brunel] (Par · Public domain"}, "https://codexery.com/model-manufacturers/e/model-manufacturers/m-rklin/": {"t": "Märklin", "s": "German toy company known for model railways and technical toys."}, "https://codexery.com/scale-models-and-railroads/e/scale-models-and-railroads/rail-transport-modelling/": {"t": "Rail transport modelling", "s": "A hobby modelling rail transport systems at reduced scale."}, "https://codexery.com/cultural-and-historical-regions/e/cultural-and-historical-regions/nordic-countries/": {"t": "Nordic countries", "s": "A region of Northern Europe with deep historical and cultural ties."}, "https://codexery.com/map-projections-cartography-foundations/e/map-projections-and-cartography-foundations/world-map/": {"t": "World map", "s": "A map of most or all of Earth's surface."}, "https://codexery.com/fifa-world-cup/e/honours/poland/": {"t": "Poland", "s": "A Central European nation with a rich history, from the Piast dynasty to the Solidarity movement."}, "/e/board-games/pandemic/": {"t": "Pandemic", "s": "An epidemic of an infectious disease spreading across a large region, affecting a substantial portion of the human population."}, "https://codexery.com/cooperative-board-games/e/cooperative-board-games/cooperative-board-game/": {"t": "Cooperative board game", "s": "Players win or lose together against the game itself."}, "https://codexery.com/horror-board-games/e/horror-board-games/arkham-horror/": {"t": "Arkham Horror", "s": "A cooperative board game of Lovecraftian horror set in the town of Arkham."}, "https://codexery.com/magazines/e/magazines/new-scientist/": {"t": "New Scientist", "s": "Weekly magazine covering science, technology, and their implications.", "i": "https://codexery.com/magazines/img/magazines/new-scientist.webp", "c": "Rajvo · CC BY-SA 4.0"}, "https://codexery.com/cooperative-board-games/e/cooperative-board-games/forbidden-island-game/": {"t": "Forbidden Island (game)", "s": "A cooperative board game about escaping a sinking island."}, "https://codexery.com/cooperative-board-games/e/cooperative-board-games/forbidden-desert/": {"t": "Forbidden Desert", "s": "Cooperative board game sequel to Forbidden Island."}, "https://codexery.com/children-s-and-animation/e/childrens-and-animation/thunderbirds-tv-series/": {"t": "Thunderbirds (TV series)", "s": "A Supermarionation series about a secret rescue organisation."}, "https://codexery.com/card-tabletop-games/e/card-and-tabletop-games/tabletop-game/": {"t": "Tabletop game", "s": "Games normally played on a table or flat surface."}, "https://codexery.com/board-game-designers/e/board-game-designers/allan-b-calhamer/": {"t": "Allan B. Calhamer", "s": "American board game designer who created Diplomacy."}, "https://codexery.com/revolutions-and-conflicts/e/revolutions-and-conflicts/world-war-i/": {"t": "World War I", "s": "The First World War, a global conflict from 1914 to 1918, was fought between the Allied and Central Powers."}, "https://codexery.com/public-law/e/public-law/public-domain/": {"t": "Public domain", "s": "Creative works free from exclusive intellectual property rights.", "i": "https://codexery.com/public-law/img/public-law/public-domain.webp", "c": "Democratic Party · Public domain"}, "https://codexery.com/universities-and-colleges/e/universities-and-colleges/harvard-university/": {"t": "Harvard University", "s": "Oldest institution of higher learning in the United States.", "i": "https://codexery.com/universities-and-colleges/img/universities-and-colleges/harvard-university.webp", "c": "Daderot · Public domain"}, "https://codexery.com/international-relations-and-concepts/e/international-relations-and-concepts/great-power/": {"t": "Great power", "s": "Sovereign state with global influence and recognized power status."}, "https://codexery.com/dynasties-and-kingdoms/e/dynasties-and-kingdoms/russian-empire/": {"t": "Russian Empire", "s": "Third-largest empire in history, spanning northern Eurasia."}, "https://codexery.com/cities/e/cultural/vienna/": {"t": "Vienna", "s": "Capital on the Danube, heart of Austria"}, "https://codexery.com/cities/e/capitals/rome/": {"t": "Rome", "s": "The Eternal City, capital of Italy and cradle of Western civilization."}, "https://codexery.com/cities/e/landmark-cities/moscow/": {"t": "Moscow", "s": "Capital of Russia, largest city in Europe, and a historic center of power and culture."}, "https://codexery.com/italian-regions/e/italian-regions/apulia/": {"t": "Apulia", "s": "Region of southern Italy with ancient Greek and Roman heritage."}, "https://codexery.com/early-modern-state-formation-and-dynasti/e/early-modern-state-formation-and-dynasties/grand-duchy-of-finland/": {"t": "Grand Duchy of Finland", "s": "Autonomous grand duchy that preceded modern Finland.", "i": "https://codexery.com/early-modern-state-formation-and-dynasti/img/early-modern-state-formation-and-dynasties/grand-duchy-of-finland.webp", "c": "Ориенталист · via Wikipedia: Grand Duchy of Finland · CC BY-SA 3.0"}, "https://codexery.com/capital-cities-of-africa/e/capital-cities-of-africa/tunis/": {"t": "Tunis", "s": "Capital of Tunisia, historic city on the Gulf of Tunis."}, "https://codexery.com/rivers-and-seas-of-the-world/e/rivers-and-seas-of-the-world/black-sea/": {"t": "Black Sea", "s": "Marginal sea between Europe and Asia with anoxic deep waters.", "i": "https://codexery.com/rivers-and-seas-of-the-world/img/rivers-and-seas-of-the-world/black-sea.webp", "c": "via Wikipedia: Black Sea · see source"}, "https://codexery.com/medieval-europe/e/medieval-europe/republic-of-florence/": {"t": "Republic of Florence", "s": "A medieval and early modern state centered on Florence, birthplace of the Renaissance and home of the florin."}, "https://codexery.com/wars-conflicts/e/wars-and-conflicts/napoleonic-wars/": {"t": "Napoleonic Wars", "s": "Global conflicts from 1803 to 1815, featuring coalitions against Napoleon and French domination of Europe.", "i": "https://codexery.com/wars-conflicts/img/wars-and-conflicts/napoleonic-wars.webp", "c": "Ruedi33a · CC BY-SA 4.0"}, "https://codexery.com/board-wargames/e/board-wargames/l-attaque/": {"t": "L'Attaque", "s": "French wargame that inspired Stratego and hidden-identity games."}, "https://codexery.com/literary-works/e/literary-works/the-art-of-war/": {"t": "The Art of War", "s": "Ancient Chinese military treatise attributed to strategist Sun Tzu."}, "https://codexery.com/board-game-designers/e/board-game-designers/hermance-edan/": {"t": "Hermance Edan", "s": "French designer and publisher of L'Attaque, predecessor to Stratego."}, "https://codexery.com/national-cultures-and-ethnic-groups/e/national-cultures-and-ethnic-groups/dutch-people/": {"t": "Dutch people", "s": "Ethnic group native to the Netherlands, with global diaspora."}, "https://codexery.com/leaders-and-monarchs/e/leaders-and-monarchs/leonid-brezhnev/": {"t": "Leonid Brezhnev", "s": "Soviet leader who stabilized the party and expanded military power."}, "https://codexery.com/iconic-songs-compositions/e/iconic-songs-and-compositions/1812-overture/": {"t": "1812 Overture", "s": "Tchaikovsky's explosive tribute to Russia's 1812 victory."}, "https://codexery.com/rebellions-against-the-united-states/e/rebellions-against-the-united-states/american-civil-war/": {"t": "American Civil War", "s": "Civil war between the Union and Confederacy over slavery and secession."}, "https://codexery.com/literary-novels-and-classics/e/literary-novels-and-classics/othello/": {"t": "Othello", "s": "A Moorish general manipulated into killing his innocent wife.", "i": "https://codexery.com/literary-novels-and-classics/img/literary-novels-and-classics/othello.webp", "c": "Miami U. Libraries - Digital Collections · No restrictions"}, "https://codexery.com/traditional-board-games/e/traditional-board-games/gomoku/": {"t": "Gomoku", "s": "Abstract strategy game of five in a row."}, "https://codexery.com/iconic-characters/e/iconic-characters/iago/": {"t": "Iago", "s": "Shakespeare's manipulative antagonist in Othello."}, "https://codexery.com/emotions/e/emotions/jealousy/": {"t": "Jealousy", "s": "Emotion involving insecurity and fear over loss or threat."}, "https://codexery.com/indian-states/e/indian-states/andhra-pradesh/": {"t": "Andhra Pradesh", "s": "The coastal gem of southern India, rich in history, culture, and natural resources.", "i": "https://codexery.com/indian-states/img/indian-states/andhra-pradesh.webp", "c": "456legend · CC BY 4.0"}, "https://codexery.com/indian-states/e/indian-states/tamil-nadu/": {"t": "Tamil Nadu", "s": "The land of Tamils, with a history spanning over 5,500 years."}, "https://codexery.com/indian-states/e/indian-states/west-bengal/": {"t": "West Bengal", "s": "A state of eastern India, rich in history, culture, and diversity."}, "https://codexery.com/games-and-recreation/e/games-and-recreation/playground/": {"t": "Playground", "s": "Designed spaces for children's play, evolving from streets to dedicated areas."}, "https://codexery.com/children-s-and-animation/e/childrens-and-animation/dora-the-explorer-tv-series/": {"t": "Dora the Explorer (TV series)", "s": "An interactive animated series following a Latina girl's quests."}, "https://codexery.com/race-games/e/race-games/cross-and-circle-game/": {"t": "Cross and circle game", "s": "A board game design used for race games worldwide.", "i": "https://codexery.com/race-games/img/race-games/cross-and-circle-game.webp", "c": "S2 Lovely Boy · CC BY-SA 3.0"}, "https://codexery.com/novels-and-epics/e/novels-and-epics/mahabharata/": {"t": "Mahabharata", "s": "Major Sanskrit epic of ancient India, revered in Hinduism."}, "https://codexery.com/languages-and-dialects/e/languages-and-dialects/hindi/": {"t": "Hindi", "s": "Official language of India and lingua franca of northern India."}, "https://codexery.com/traditional-board-games/e/traditional-board-games/chaupar/": {"t": "Chopat", "s": "A traditional Indian cross and circle board game."}, "https://codexery.com/countries-and-regions/e/countries-and-regions/levant/": {"t": "Levant", "s": "A historical and cultural subregion of West Asia along the Eastern Mediterranean.", "i": "https://codexery.com/countries-and-regions/img/countries-and-regions/levant.webp", "c": "Bassem Fleifel · CC BY-SA 1.0"}, "https://codexery.com/race-games/e/race-games/mensch-rgere-dich-nicht/": {"t": "Mensch ärgere Dich nicht", "s": "German race game invented by Josef Friedrich Schmidt in 1907/1908."}, "https://codexery.com/historical-eras/e/historical-eras/iron-age/": {"t": "Iron Age", "s": "Final epoch of the three historical Metal Ages.", "i": "https://codexery.com/historical-eras/img/historical-eras/iron-age.webp", "c": "via Wikipedia: Iron Age · see source"}, "https://codexery.com/cities-starting-with-m/e/cities-starting-with-m/mathura/": {"t": "Mathura", "s": "Ancient city, birthplace of Krishna, and historic trade hub."}, "https://codexery.com/notable-buildings-and-monuments/e/notable-buildings-and-monuments/ellora-caves/": {"t": "Ellora Caves", "s": "A UNESCO World Heritage Site of rock-cut caves showcasing Hindu, Buddhist, and Jain art from AD 600–1000."}, "https://codexery.com/race-games/e/race-games/ashtapada/": {"t": "Ashtapada", "s": "An ancient Indian board game on an 8×8 checkered board, predating chess.", "i": "https://codexery.com/race-games/img/race-games/ashtapada.webp", "c": "Sharp-karna · CC BY 4.0"}, "https://codexery.com/cities-of-the-world/e/cities-of-the-world/agra/": {"t": "Agra", "s": "Mughal capital and home of the Taj Mahal.", "i": "https://codexery.com/cities-of-the-world/img/cities-of-the-world/agra.webp", "c": "Diego Delso · CC BY-SA 4.0"}, "https://codexery.com/cities-on-rivers/e/cities-on-rivers/prayagraj/": {"t": "Prayagraj", "s": "The king of confluences, where rivers and history meet."}, "https://codexery.com/cowries/e/cowries/cowrie/": {"t": "Cowrie", "s": "The shell most widely used worldwide as shell money."}}