{"/e/birds/bird/": {"t": "Bird", "s": "Warm-blooded, feathered vertebrates that are the only living dinosaurs."}, "/e/birds/frigatebird/": {"t": "Frigatebird", "s": "Seabirds with the largest wing area to body mass ratio."}, "https://codexery.com/seas-and-oceans/e/seas-and-oceans/southern-ocean/": {"t": "Southern Ocean", "s": "Southernmost ocean encircling Antarctica, defined by circulation and latitude."}, "https://codexery.com/birds-of-the-pacific-ocean/e/birds-of-the-pacific-ocean/short-tailed-albatross/": {"t": "Short-tailed albatross", "s": "A large rare seabird of the North Pacific, recovering from near-extinction."}, "https://codexery.com/radio-controlled-aircraft/e/radio-controlled-aircraft/ridge-lift/": {"t": "Ridge lift", "s": "Rising air deflected by slopes enables sustained unpowered flight."}, "https://codexery.com/birds-of-the-pacific-ocean/e/birds-of-the-pacific-ocean/laysan-albatross/": {"t": "Laysan albatross", "s": "A gull-like albatross of the North Pacific, named for Laysan Island."}, "https://codexery.com/international-organizations-and-agreemen/e/international-organizations-and-agreements/international-union-for-conservation-of-nature/": {"t": "International Union for Conservation of Nature", "s": "Global authority on nature conservation and sustainable resource use."}, "https://codexery.com/languages-and-writing-systems/e/languages-and-writing-systems/portuguese-language/": {"t": "Portuguese language", "s": "A Western Romance language spoken by over 267 million people, official in eight countries and co-official in Macau and Equatorial Guinea."}, "https://codexery.com/languages-and-dialects/e/languages-and-dialects/dutch-language/": {"t": "Dutch language", "s": "A West Germanic language spoken by millions across Europe, the Americas, and beyond."}, "https://codexery.com/historical-figures/e/notable/carl-linnaeus/": {"t": "Carl Linnaeus", "s": "Father of modern taxonomy"}, "https://codexery.com/birds-of-subantarctic-islands/e/birds-of-subantarctic-islands/sooty-albatross/": {"t": "Sooty albatross", "s": "Endangered seabird with sooty plumage and biennial breeding."}, "/e/birds/bird-of-prey/": {"t": "Bird of prey", "s": "Hypercarnivorous birds that hunt vertebrates with talons and beaks."}, "https://codexery.com/cell-and-molecular-biology/e/cell-and-molecular-biology/mitochondrial-dna/": {"t": "Mitochondrial DNA", "s": "Mitochondrial DNA is a small, maternally inherited genome essential for energy conversion.", "i": "https://codexery.com/cell-and-molecular-biology/img/cell-and-molecular-biology/mitochondrial-dna.webp", "c": "National Human Genome Research Institute · via Wikipedia: Mitochondrial DNA · Public domain"}, "https://codexery.com/birds-of-the-indian-ocean/e/birds-of-the-indian-ocean/amsterdam-albatross/": {"t": "Amsterdam albatross", "s": "A rare great albatross breeding only on Amsterdam Island, with chocolate brown plumage and a pink bill."}, "https://codexery.com/geology/e/geology/cretaceous/": {"t": "Cretaceous", "s": "The longest geological period, marked by warm climates, dinosaurs, and the rise of flowering plants, ending with a mass extinction.", "i": "https://codexery.com/geology/img/geology/cretaceous.webp", "c": "James St. John · CC BY 2.0"}, "https://codexery.com/countries-and-territories/e/countries-and-territories/uzbekistan/": {"t": "Uzbekistan", "s": "Doubly landlocked Central Asian republic with ancient Silk Road heritage."}, "https://codexery.com/u-s-states/e/u-s-states/south-carolina/": {"t": "South Carolina", "s": "A southeastern U.S. state with a pivotal role in American history."}, "https://codexery.com/fifa-world-cup/e/honours/france/": {"t": "France", "s": "A global centre of art, science, cuisine and philosophy."}, "https://codexery.com/u-s-states/e/u-s-states/north-carolina/": {"t": "North Carolina", "s": "Southern state known for first flight and early independence call."}, "https://codexery.com/fifa-world-cup/e/honours/england/": {"t": "England", "s": "Land of the Angles, birthplace of football and the Industrial Revolution."}, "https://codexery.com/bird-anatomy/e/bird-anatomy/cere/": {"t": "Cere", "s": "Fleshy base of the upper beak in raptors and owls."}, "https://codexery.com/miscellaneous-birds/e/miscellaneous-birds/giant-petrel/": {"t": "Giant petrel", "s": "Largest procellarids, aggressive scavengers and predators of the Southern Hemisphere."}, "https://codexery.com/feathers/e/feathers/plumage/": {"t": "Plumage", "s": "The science and beauty of bird feathers, from moults to colour morphs."}, "https://codexery.com/lines-hemispheres/e/lines-and-hemispheres/southern-hemisphere/": {"t": "Southern Hemisphere", "s": "The Southern Hemisphere is Earth's southern half, mostly ocean."}, "https://codexery.com/lines-hemispheres/e/lines-and-hemispheres/equator/": {"t": "Equator", "s": "Imaginary line dividing Earth into Northern and Southern Hemispheres."}, "https://codexery.com/biology-concepts/e/biology-concepts/metabolism/": {"t": "Metabolism", "s": "Metabolism encompasses all chemical reactions sustaining life."}, "https://codexery.com/passeriformes/e/passeriformes/passeriformes/": {"t": "Passeriformes", "s": "Largest bird order, known for perching and diverse vocalizations.", "i": "https://codexery.com/passeriformes/img/passeriformes/passeriformes.webp", "c": "MathKnight · CC BY-SA 4.0"}, "https://codexery.com/bird-anatomy/e/bird-anatomy/bird-wing/": {"t": "Bird wing", "s": "Bird wings are specialized forelimbs enabling flight and other functions."}, "https://codexery.com/theropoda/e/theropoda/theropoda/": {"t": "Theropoda", "s": "A major dinosaur clade that includes birds as living descendants."}, "https://codexery.com/animal-biology-and-behavior/e/animal-biology-and-behavior/ornithology/": {"t": "Ornithology", "s": "Branch of zoology dedicated to the study of birds."}, "https://codexery.com/extinct-archosaurs/e/extinct-archosaurs/crocodylia/": {"t": "Crocodylia", "s": "Semuaquatic predatory reptiles that are the closest living relatives of birds."}, "/e/birds/archaeopteryx/": {"t": "Archaeopteryx", "s": "Transitional fossil linking non-avian dinosaurs to birds."}, "https://codexery.com/geology/e/geology/cretaceous-paleogene-extinction-event/": {"t": "Cretaceous–Paleogene extinction event", "s": "Mass extinction that ended the age of non-avian dinosaurs.", "i": "https://codexery.com/geology/img/geology/cretaceous-paleogene-extinction-event.webp", "c": "Wilson44691 · CC0"}, "https://codexery.com/animal-behavior/e/animal-behavior/bird-vocalization/": {"t": "Bird vocalization", "s": "Bird vocalization includes songs and calls for communication."}, "https://codexery.com/reproduction-development/e/reproduction-and-development/sexual-reproduction/": {"t": "Sexual reproduction", "s": "Sexual reproduction combines gametes to create genetically diverse offspring.", "i": "https://codexery.com/reproduction-development/img/reproduction-and-development/sexual-reproduction.webp", "c": ".mw-parser-output .messagebox{margin:4px 0;width:auto;border-collapse:collapse;b · CC BY-SA 4.0"}, "https://codexery.com/cuisine-and-condiments/e/cuisine-and-condiments/poultry/": {"t": "Poultry", "s": "Domesticated birds raised for meat, eggs, and feathers."}, "https://codexery.com/extinct-archosaurs/e/extinct-archosaurs/dinosaur/": {"t": "Dinosaur", "s": "Dinosaurs are a diverse group of warmblooded reptiles of the clade Dinosauria."}, "https://codexery.com/bird-anatomy/e/bird-anatomy/avian-lung/": {"t": "Avian lung", "s": "Avian lungs use air capillaries for gas exchange."}, "https://codexery.com/ecology-and-behavior/e/ecology-and-behavior/predation/": {"t": "Predation", "s": "Predators kill and eat other organisms, driving evolution.", "i": "https://codexery.com/ecology-and-behavior/img/ecology-and-behavior/predation.webp", "c": "InsektenDoku · CC BY-SA 4.0"}, "/e/birds/accipiter/": {"t": "Accipiter", "s": "Accipiter is a genus of birds of prey within the family Accipitridae."}, "/e/birds/crane-bird/": {"t": "Crane (bird)", "s": "Large, long-legged birds found on most continents except Antarctica and South America."}, "/e/birds/falcon/": {"t": "Falcon", "s": "Fast-flying raptors with exceptional vision and a global distribution."}, "https://codexery.com/ecology-and-behavior/e/ecology-and-behavior/hypercarnivore/": {"t": "Hypercarnivore", "s": "Carnivore with a diet over 70% meat."}, "https://codexery.com/bird-anatomy/e/bird-anatomy/bird-vision/": {"t": "Bird vision", "s": "Birds have large eyes relative to head size, though some tarsiers have proportionally even larger eyes."}, "https://codexery.com/bird-families/e/bird-families/alcedinidae/": {"t": "Alcedinidae", "s": "Brightly coloured birds with cosmopolitan distribution and diverse diets.", "i": "https://codexery.com/bird-families/img/bird-families/alcedinidae.webp", "c": "Sharpe, Richard Bowdler · Public domain"}, "https://codexery.com/ecology-and-behavior/e/ecology-and-behavior/insectivore/": {"t": "Insectivore", "s": "Organisms that consume insects as primary or supplemental food."}, "https://codexery.com/bird-families/e/bird-families/batrachostomidae/": {"t": "Batrachostomidae", "s": "Proposed family of Asian frogmouths with small rounded bills."}, "https://codexery.com/ancient-reptiles/e/ancient-reptiles/enantiornithes/": {"t": "Enantiornithes", "s": "Extinct opposite birds, dominant avialans of the Cretaceous."}, "https://codexery.com/holarctic-birds/e/holarctic-birds/merlin-bird/": {"t": "Merlin (bird)", "s": "Small, swift falcon of the Northern Hemisphere, prized in falconry."}, "https://codexery.com/bird-families/e/bird-families/accipitridae/": {"t": "Accipitridae", "s": "A diverse family of hooked-bill birds of prey found worldwide.", "i": "https://codexery.com/bird-families/img/bird-families/accipitridae.webp", "c": "Gilmar R. Ferreira · CC BY-SA 4.0"}, "/e/birds/gruiformes/": {"t": "Gruiformes", "s": "An order of birds with disputed relationships and diverse forms."}, "https://codexery.com/reproduction-development/e/reproduction-and-development/sexual-dimorphism/": {"t": "Sexual dimorphism", "s": "Condition where sexes differ in morphology beyond reproduction.", "i": "https://codexery.com/reproduction-development/img/reproduction-and-development/sexual-dimorphism.webp", "c": "Heidi Hopkins · CC BY 4.0"}, "https://codexery.com/ecology-and-behavior/e/ecology-and-behavior/sexual-selection/": {"t": "Sexual selection", "s": "Evolution through mate choice and same-sex competition."}, "https://codexery.com/mass-poisonings/e/mass-poisonings/lead-poisoning/": {"t": "Lead poisoning", "s": "Lead poisoning causes permanent harm, especially in children."}, "/e/birds/cassowary/": {"t": "Cassowary", "s": "Flightless bird with a fearsome claw and a glowing casque."}, "https://codexery.com/historical-figures/e/notable/aeschylus/": {"t": "Aeschylus", "s": "Father of tragedy, soldier of Marathon"}, "https://codexery.com/human-evolution/e/human-evolution/homo-floresiensis/": {"t": "Homo floresiensis", "s": "Small archaic human from Flores, Indonesia, extinct around 50,000 years ago."}, "/e/birds/cockatoo/": {"t": "Cockatoo", "s": "Cockatoos are crested parrots native to Australasia, with 22 species."}, "https://codexery.com/bird-tribes/e/bird-tribes/cyclopsittini/": {"t": "Cyclopsittini", "s": "Small Australasian parrots named for their fig-based diet."}, "https://codexery.com/bird-anatomy/e/bird-anatomy/dactyly/": {"t": "Dactyly", "s": "Study of digit arrangement in tetrapod limbs."}, "https://codexery.com/sensory-systems/e/sensory-systems/tetrachromacy/": {"t": "Tetrachromacy", "s": "The condition of possessing four types of cone cell in the eye, enabling four-dimensional color vision."}, "https://codexery.com/sensory-systems/e/sensory-systems/color-vision/": {"t": "Color vision", "s": "Color vision enables perception of light frequency differences."}, "https://codexery.com/sensory-systems/e/sensory-systems/cone-cell/": {"t": "Cone cell", "s": "Photoreceptor cells enabling color vision and fine detail."}, "https://codexery.com/electromagnetism-and-radiation/e/electromagnetism-and-radiation/ultraviolet/": {"t": "Ultraviolet", "s": "Electromagnetic radiation beyond violet, with both harmful and beneficial effects."}, "https://codexery.com/biology-concepts/e/biology-concepts/mutation/": {"t": "Mutation", "s": "Mutations are alterations in DNA sequence driving evolution and disease."}, "https://codexery.com/biology-concepts/e/biology-concepts/herd/": {"t": "Herd", "s": "A relatively unstructured social group of gregarious mammals."}, "https://codexery.com/animal-biology-and-behavior/e/animal-biology-and-behavior/swarm-behaviour/": {"t": "Swarm behaviour", "s": "Collective motion of self-propelled entities following simple rules."}, "https://codexery.com/meteorology/e/meteorology/drought/": {"t": "Drought", "s": "A period of drier-than-normal conditions with far-reaching impacts.", "i": "https://codexery.com/meteorology/img/meteorology/drought.webp", "c": "Cavaliere grande · CC BY-SA 4.0"}, "https://codexery.com/ingredients/e/ingredients/wheat/": {"t": "Wheat", "s": "A staple cereal cultivated for millennia, wheat is the second most-produced grain after maize."}, "https://codexery.com/animal-behavior/e/animal-behavior/bird-nest/": {"t": "Bird nest", "s": "A bird nest is the spot for egg incubation and rearing young."}, "https://codexery.com/musculoskeletal-disorders/e/musculoskeletal-disorders/crossed-beak/": {"t": "Crossed beak", "s": "A beak deformity causing misalignment and feeding difficulties in poultry."}, "https://codexery.com/parrots-and-songbirds/e/parrots-and-songbirds/cockatiel/": {"t": "Cockatiel", "s": "Smallest cockatoo, native to Australia, popular companion parrot.", "i": "https://codexery.com/parrots-and-songbirds/img/parrots-and-songbirds/cockatiel.webp", "c": "Shreya.Bhopal · CC BY-SA 4.0"}, "https://codexery.com/reef-cephalopods/e/reef-cephalopods/cuttlebone/": {"t": "Cuttlebone", "s": "Internal shell of cuttlefish, used for buoyancy and as a dietary supplement."}, "https://codexery.com/occupational-diseases/e/occupational-diseases/hypersensitivity-pneumonitis/": {"t": "Hypersensitivity pneumonitis", "s": "Lung inflammation from inhaled antigens in sensitized individuals."}, "https://codexery.com/bird-tribes/e/bird-tribes/psittrichadini/": {"t": "Psittrichadini", "s": "Tribe of Old World parrots with a single vulture-like species."}, "/e/birds/common-nightingale/": {"t": "Common nightingale", "s": "The common nightingale is a small passerine bird known for its powerful and beautiful song, often described as one of the most beautiful sounds in nature."}, "https://codexery.com/bird-families/e/bird-families/bernieridae/": {"t": "Bernieridae", "s": "A recently validated family of Malagasy songbirds."}, "https://codexery.com/passeriformes/e/passeriformes/nicator/": {"t": "Nicator", "s": "African songbirds long debated in taxonomy, now a distinct family.", "i": "https://codexery.com/passeriformes/img/passeriformes/nicator.webp", "c": "SpeakingArch · CC BY-SA 4.0"}, "https://codexery.com/islands-and-archipelagos/e/islands-and-archipelagos/hawaii/": {"t": "Hawaii", "s": "Island state with a tropical climate and diverse heritage."}, "https://codexery.com/ecology-and-behavior/e/ecology-and-behavior/habitat-destruction/": {"t": "Habitat destruction", "s": "Leading cause of biodiversity loss and species extinction worldwide."}, "https://codexery.com/taxonomy-evolution/e/taxonomy-and-evolution/family-taxonomy/": {"t": "Family (taxonomy)", "s": "Taxonomic rank between order and genus in Linnaean classification."}, "https://codexery.com/islands-and-archipelagos/e/islands-and-archipelagos/new-guinea/": {"t": "New Guinea", "s": "The world's second-largest island, rich in biodiversity and cultural history.", "i": "https://codexery.com/islands-and-archipelagos/img/islands-and-archipelagos/new-guinea.webp", "c": "via Wikipedia: German New Guinea · see source"}, "https://codexery.com/miscellaneous-birds/e/miscellaneous-birds/gang-gang-cockatoo/": {"t": "Gang-gang cockatoo", "s": "A grey cockatoo with a creaky call, emblem of the Australian Capital Territory."}, "https://codexery.com/languages/e/languages/malay-language/": {"t": "Malay language", "s": "An Austronesian language native to Maritime Southeast Asia and the Malay Peninsula, official in Brunei, Malaysia, and Singapore."}, "https://codexery.com/genetic-disorders-with-no-omim/e/genetic-disorders-with-no-omim/leucism/": {"t": "Leucism", "s": "A condition causing partial pigmentation loss, not affecting eyes."}, "https://codexery.com/countries-and-regions/e/countries-and-regions/melanesia/": {"t": "Melanesia", "s": "A subregion of Oceania in the southwestern Pacific, known for its diverse cultures and dark-skinned indigenous peoples.", "i": "https://codexery.com/countries-and-regions/img/countries-and-regions/melanesia.webp", "c": "Unknown author · Public domain"}, "https://codexery.com/taxonomy-evolution/e/taxonomy-and-evolution/fossil/": {"t": "Fossil", "s": "Fossils are preserved remains of ancient life, key to evolution."}, "https://codexery.com/islands-and-archipelagos/e/islands-and-archipelagos/new-caledonia/": {"t": "New Caledonia", "s": "A French territory in the southwest Pacific, part of Melanesia, with a unique legal status and a diverse population.", "i": "https://codexery.com/islands-and-archipelagos/img/islands-and-archipelagos/new-caledonia.webp", "c": "via Wikipedia: 2024 New Caledonia unrest · see source"}, "https://codexery.com/feathers/e/feathers/crest-feathers/": {"t": "Crest (feathers)", "s": "A feather structure used for display and communication in birds.", "i": "https://codexery.com/feathers/img/feathers/crest-feathers.webp", "c": "Novoklimov · CC0"}, "https://codexery.com/sensory-systems/e/sensory-systems/iris-anatomy/": {"t": "Iris (anatomy)", "s": "Ring-shaped eye structure controlling pupil size and color."}, "https://codexery.com/feathers/e/feathers/down-feather/": {"t": "Down feather", "s": "The soft, insulating underlayer of feathers found beneath a bird's outer plumage.", "i": "https://codexery.com/feathers/img/feathers/down-feather.webp", "c": "Adenosine Triphosphate · CC BY-SA 4.0"}, "https://codexery.com/biology-concepts/e/biology-concepts/moulting/": {"t": "Moulting", "s": "The process by which animals cast off parts of their body for beneficial purposes."}, "https://codexery.com/feathers/e/feathers/flight-feather/": {"t": "Flight feather", "s": "Feathers enabling flight, with specialized roles across species."}, "https://codexery.com/major-islands-and-archipelagos/e/major-islands-and-archipelagos/borneo/": {"t": "Borneo", "s": "Third-largest island, divided among three sovereign states."}, "https://codexery.com/islands/e/islands/sulawesi/": {"t": "Sulawesi", "s": "Sulawesi is a large Indonesian island with four peninsulas."}, "https://codexery.com/languages-and-writing-systems/e/languages-and-writing-systems/old-english/": {"t": "Old English", "s": "Earliest attested form of the English language."}, "https://codexery.com/languages/e/languages/latin/": {"t": "Latin", "s": "A classical language of the Italic branch, Latin evolved into the Romance languages and remained a key scholarly tongue into the early 19th century."}, "https://codexery.com/feathers/e/feathers/supercilium/": {"t": "Supercilium", "s": "A stripe above the eye used to identify bird species."}, "https://codexery.com/animal-behavior/e/animal-behavior/bird-migration/": {"t": "Bird migration", "s": "Seasonal movement of birds between breeding and wintering grounds."}, "https://codexery.com/regions-cultural-spheres/e/regions-and-cultural-spheres/americas/": {"t": "Americas", "s": "The New World landmass spanning from Arctic tundra to tropical rainforests.", "i": "https://codexery.com/regions-cultural-spheres/img/regions-and-cultural-spheres/americas.webp", "c": "GrandEscogriffe · CC BY-SA 4.0"}, "https://codexery.com/phantom-places-discovery/e/phantom-places-and-discovery/geography/": {"t": "Geography", "s": "Geography is the study of Earth's lands, features, inhabitants, and phenomena."}, "https://codexery.com/english-counties/e/english-counties/kent/": {"t": "Kent", "s": "The Garden of England"}, "https://codexery.com/regions-of-england/e/regions-of-england/essex/": {"t": "Essex", "s": "Ceremonial county in South East England with ancient woodland and long coastline."}, "https://codexery.com/english-counties/e/english-counties/suffolk/": {"t": "Suffolk", "s": "A county of ancient coasts, royal ship burials, and enduring rural character."}, "https://codexery.com/english-counties/e/english-counties/west-sussex/": {"t": "West Sussex", "s": "A county of coastal towns, rural Weald, and historic downs."}, "https://codexery.com/parrots-and-songbirds/e/parrots-and-songbirds/common-blackbird/": {"t": "Common blackbird", "s": "A widespread thrush known for its melodious song and black plumage.", "i": "https://codexery.com/parrots-and-songbirds/img/parrots-and-songbirds/common-blackbird.webp", "c": "Charles J. Sharp · CC BY-SA 4.0"}, "https://codexery.com/classic-poetry-and-epics/e/classic-poetry-and-epics/the-odyssey/": {"t": "The Odyssey", "s": "Ancient Greek epic of Odysseus's perilous homecoming journey."}, "https://codexery.com/historical-figures/e/notable/homer/": {"t": "Homer", "s": "Ancient Greek poet traditionally credited with the Iliad and the Odyssey"}, "https://codexery.com/filicide-in-mythology/e/filicide-in-mythology/a-don/": {"t": "Aëdon", "s": "Aëdon: the grieving nightingale of Greek myth"}, "https://codexery.com/filicide-in-mythology/e/filicide-in-mythology/procne/": {"t": "Procne", "s": "Athenian princess who became a nightingale after avenging her sister."}, "https://codexery.com/authors-poets/e/authors-and-poets/ovid/": {"t": "Ovid", "s": "Roman poet exiled for a poem and a mistake."}, "https://codexery.com/literary-giants/e/literary-giants/t-s-eliot/": {"t": "T. S. Eliot", "s": "Anglo-Catholic poet linked to the broader Catholic literary revival."}, "https://codexery.com/literary-works/e/literary-works/the-waste-land/": {"t": "The Waste Land", "s": "T. S. Eliot"}, "https://codexery.com/art-movements/e/art-movements/romanticism/": {"t": "Romanticism", "s": "Movement valuing emotion, imagination, and nature over Enlightenment rationalism."}, "https://codexery.com/authors-poets/e/authors-and-poets/percy-bysshe-shelley/": {"t": "Percy Bysshe Shelley", "s": "English Romantic poet and radical thinker."}, "https://codexery.com/holarctic-birds/e/holarctic-birds/bluethroat/": {"t": "Bluethroat", "s": "A small migratory passerine with a vivid blue throat.", "i": "https://codexery.com/holarctic-birds/img/holarctic-birds/bluethroat.webp", "c": "Pavel Kirillov from St.Petersburg, Russia · CC BY-SA 2.0"}, "/e/birds/galliformes/": {"t": "Galliformes", "s": "Heavy-bodied terrestrial birds, including chickens, pheasants, and turkeys."}, "https://codexery.com/rivers-and-lakes/e/rivers-and-lakes/lake-baikal/": {"t": "Lake Baikal", "s": "World's deepest and oldest freshwater lake by volume.", "i": "https://codexery.com/rivers-and-lakes/img/rivers-and-lakes/lake-baikal.webp", "c": "via Wikipedia: Lake Baikal · see source"}, "https://codexery.com/insect-families/e/insect-families/hemiptera/": {"t": "Hemiptera", "s": "An order of insects with piercing-sucking mouthparts, including cicadas and bed bugs.", "i": "https://codexery.com/insect-families/img/insect-families/hemiptera.webp", "c": "see his respective owners · via Wikipedia: Hemiptera · Public domain"}, "https://codexery.com/arthropods/e/arthropods/orthoptera/": {"t": "Orthoptera", "s": "Order of insects including grasshoppers, locusts, and crickets."}, "https://codexery.com/reproduction-development/e/reproduction-and-development/reproduction/": {"t": "Reproduction", "s": "Biological process producing offspring from parent or parents.", "i": "https://codexery.com/reproduction-development/img/reproduction-and-development/reproduction.webp", "c": "MAKY.OREL · CC BY 4.0"}, "https://codexery.com/games-and-recreation/e/games-and-recreation/hobby/": {"t": "Hobby", "s": "A regular activity done for enjoyment during leisure time."}, "https://codexery.com/historical-figures/e/notable/henry-viii/": {"t": "Henry VIII", "s": "King of England (1509–1547) and Ireland (1542–1547), known for his six marriages and the English Reformation."}, "https://codexery.com/european-monarchs-consorts/e/european-monarchs-and-consorts/edward-vi/": {"t": "Edward VI", "s": "King of England and Ireland, first Protestant monarch."}, "https://codexery.com/christian-sacred-texts/e/christian-sacred-texts/book-of-numbers/": {"t": "Book of Numbers", "s": "Fourth book of the Torah, detailing Israel's wilderness journey."}, "https://codexery.com/game-birds-and-waterfowl/e/game-birds-and-waterfowl/stubble-quail/": {"t": "Stubble quail", "s": "Australia's only legally hunted native upland game bird."}, "/e/birds/common-pheasant/": {"t": "Common pheasant", "s": "A widespread gamebird, introduced globally for hunting."}, "/e/birds/domestic-turkey/": {"t": "Domestic turkey", "s": "A large fowl domesticated in Mesoamerica over 2,000 years ago, now a global poultry staple."}, "https://codexery.com/game-birds-and-waterfowl/e/game-birds-and-waterfowl/black-grouse/": {"t": "Black grouse", "s": "A large Palearctic grouse with lyre-shaped tail and elaborate lek displays."}, "https://codexery.com/game-birds-and-waterfowl/e/game-birds-and-waterfowl/bornean-crested-fireback/": {"t": "Bornean crested fireback", "s": "A vulnerable, sexually dimorphic pheasant of Bornean lowland rainforests."}, "https://codexery.com/game-birds-and-waterfowl/e/game-birds-and-waterfowl/caucasian-grouse/": {"t": "Caucasian grouse", "s": "A large, little-studied grouse of the Caucasus and Pontic Mountains."}, "https://codexery.com/game-birds-and-waterfowl/e/game-birds-and-waterfowl/chukar-partridge/": {"t": "Chukar partridge", "s": "A Palearctic upland gamebird with a distinctive black gorget and noisy call."}, "https://codexery.com/scientists-and-mathematicians/e/scientists-and-mathematicians/pliny-the-elder/": {"t": "Pliny the Elder", "s": "Roman author and naturalist who wrote the encyclopedic Natural History and died rescuing others from Mount Vesuvius."}, "https://codexery.com/peninsulas-and-cape-landforms/e/peninsulas-and-cape-landforms/iberian-peninsula/": {"t": "Iberian Peninsula", "s": "Second-largest European peninsula, home to Spain and Portugal.", "i": "https://codexery.com/peninsulas-and-cape-landforms/img/peninsulas-and-cape-landforms/iberian-peninsula.webp", "c": "via Wikipedia: Peninsula · see source"}, "https://codexery.com/literary-giants/e/literary-giants/w-b-yeats/": {"t": "W. B. Yeats", "s": "Irish poet, dramatist, and Nobel laureate."}, "https://codexery.com/cell-and-molecular-biology/e/cell-and-molecular-biology/mitochondria/": {"t": "Mitochondria", "s": "Double-membraned organelles that produce cellular energy as ATP."}, "https://codexery.com/cities-of-the-world/e/cities-of-the-world/almaty/": {"t": "Almaty", "s": "Largest city in Kazakhstan, former capital, and cultural hub."}, "https://codexery.com/islands/e/islands/st-kilda-scotland/": {"t": "St Kilda, Scotland", "s": "Remote archipelago evacuated in 1930, now a World Heritage Site."}, "https://codexery.com/genetics/e/genetics/gene-flow/": {"t": "Gene flow", "s": "Gene flow transfers genetic material between populations, reducing divergence."}, "https://codexery.com/straits-and-channels/e/straits-and-channels/bosporus/": {"t": "Bosporus", "s": "The world's narrowest strait used for international navigation, connecting the Black Sea to the Sea of Marmara and dividing Europe from Asia."}, "https://codexery.com/provinces-of-iran/e/provinces-of-iran/fars-province/": {"t": "Fars province", "s": "Ancient Persian homeland, cradle of Achaemenid and Sasanian empires.", "i": "https://codexery.com/provinces-of-iran/img/provinces-of-iran/fars-province.webp", "c": "Bryn Pinzgauer · CC BY 2.0"}, "https://codexery.com/musculoskeletal-system/e/musculoskeletal-system/tarsus-skeleton/": {"t": "Tarsus (skeleton)", "s": "Cluster of seven bones forming the ankle and hindfoot."}, "https://codexery.com/ecology-and-behavior/e/ecology-and-behavior/omnivore/": {"t": "Omnivore", "s": "An animal that eats both plant and animal matter."}, "/e/birds/common-myna/": {"t": "Common myna", "s": "An invasive bird adapted to urban environments."}, "https://codexery.com/parrots-and-songbirds/e/parrots-and-songbirds/common-hill-myna/": {"t": "Common hill myna", "s": "A talking starling of South and Southeast Asian hills.", "i": "https://codexery.com/parrots-and-songbirds/img/parrots-and-songbirds/common-hill-myna.webp", "c": "AbirMahmud · CC BY-SA 4.0"}, "/e/birds/corvus/": {"t": "Corvus", "s": "A genus of intelligent crows, ravens, and rooks."}, "https://codexery.com/taxonomy-evolution/e/taxonomy-and-evolution/genus/": {"t": "Genus", "s": "A taxonomic rank above species and below family, used in biological classification."}, "https://codexery.com/holarctic-birds/e/holarctic-birds/great-cormorant/": {"t": "Great cormorant", "s": "A large, widespread cormorant found across the Old World and beyond."}, "https://codexery.com/miscellaneous-birds/e/miscellaneous-birds/european-shag/": {"t": "European shag", "s": "A medium-large black seabird, the only member of genus Gulosus."}, "https://codexery.com/languages-and-dialects/e/languages-and-dialects/germanic-languages/": {"t": "Germanic languages", "s": "Branch of Indo-European including English, German, Dutch, and Scandinavian languages."}, "https://codexery.com/historical-eras/e/historical-eras/middle-ages/": {"t": "Middle Ages", "s": "The middle epoch between classical antiquity and the modern period.", "i": "https://codexery.com/historical-eras/img/historical-eras/middle-ages.webp", "c": "via Wikipedia: Middle Ages · see source"}, "https://codexery.com/languages-and-dialects/e/languages-and-dialects/english-language/": {"t": "English language", "s": "A West Germanic language that became the world's lingua franca."}, "https://codexery.com/physiology-medicine/e/physiology-and-medicine/thermoregulation/": {"t": "Thermoregulation", "s": "Organisms maintain body temperature within boundaries via homeostasis.", "i": "https://codexery.com/physiology-medicine/img/physiology-and-medicine/thermoregulation.webp", "c": "OpenStax College · CC BY 3.0"}, "https://codexery.com/physiology-metabolism/e/physiology-and-metabolism/regurgitation-digestion/": {"t": "Regurgitation (digestion)", "s": "Expulsion of material from pharynx or esophagus, often for feeding young."}, "https://codexery.com/bird-anatomy/e/bird-anatomy/bird-feet-and-legs/": {"t": "Bird feet and legs", "s": "Bird legs and feet are adapted for diverse functions including walking, perching, swimming, and climbing."}, "/e/birds/darter/": {"t": "Darter", "s": "Tropical waterbirds that impale fish with their sharp bills."}, "/e/birds/eurasian-magpie/": {"t": "Eurasian magpie", "s": "Intelligent corvid known for passing the mirror test."}, "https://codexery.com/animal-behavior/e/animal-behavior/animal-cognition/": {"t": "Animal cognition", "s": "Study of mental capacities in non-human animals."}, "https://codexery.com/human-evolution/e/human-evolution/hominidae/": {"t": "Hominidae", "s": "Taxonomic family of great apes including humans, chimpanzees, gorillas, and orangutans."}, "/e/birds/bird-of-paradise/": {"t": "Bird-of-paradise", "s": "A family of passerine birds known for elaborate male plumage."}, "https://codexery.com/birds-of-oceania/e/birds-of-oceania/psophodidae/": {"t": "Psophodidae", "s": "A passerine bird family with disputed taxonomic boundaries."}, "https://codexery.com/microbiology-and-immunology/e/microbiology-and-immunology/phylogenetic-tree/": {"t": "Phylogenetic tree", "s": "Branching diagram showing evolutionary relationships among species."}, "https://codexery.com/animals/e/birds/american-crow/": {"t": "American Crow", "s": "Horror punk's undead showman, from small-town North Carolina to global cult stardom."}, "https://codexery.com/games-and-recreation/e/games-and-recreation/game/": {"t": "Game", "s": "Games are rule-based activities for enjoyment, competition, or development."}, "https://codexery.com/fifa-world-cup/e/honours/scotland/": {"t": "Scotland", "s": "A country of ancient kingdoms, rugged highlands, and deep lochs."}, "https://codexery.com/ethics-morality/e/ethics-and-morality/empathy/": {"t": "Empathy", "s": "Empathy is the ability to understand and share another's experience."}, "https://codexery.com/emotions/e/emotions/emotion/": {"t": "Emotion", "s": "Emotions are complex states with no single agreed definition.", "i": "https://codexery.com/emotions/img/emotions/emotion.webp", "c": "Wikimedia Commons · CC BY 4.0"}, "https://codexery.com/mental-health-psychology/e/mental-health-and-psychology/cognitive-bias/": {"t": "Cognitive bias", "s": "Systematic deviations from rational judgment in human decision-making.", "i": "https://codexery.com/mental-health-psychology/img/mental-health-and-psychology/cognitive-bias.webp", "c": "BiblioMorphosis · CC BY 4.0"}, "https://codexery.com/religious-practices-and-symbols/e/religious-practices-and-symbols/funeral/": {"t": "Funeral", "s": "A ceremony for the final disposition of a corpse, with customs varying across cultures and religions.", "i": "https://codexery.com/religious-practices-and-symbols/img/religious-practices-and-symbols/funeral.webp", "c": "Silar · CC BY-SA 4.0"}, "https://codexery.com/animal-behavior/e/animal-behavior/animal-consciousness/": {"t": "Animal consciousness", "s": "Debated quality of self-awareness in non-human animals."}, "https://codexery.com/animal-anatomy/e/animal-anatomy/cerebral-cortex/": {"t": "Cerebral cortex", "s": "Outer neural layer of the cerebrum, key to higher cognition."}, "https://codexery.com/animals/e/birds/red-tailed-hawk/": {"t": "Red-tailed Hawk", "s": "The brick-red-tailed buteo seen over fields, deserts and highways from Alaska to Panama.", "i": "https://codexery.com/animals/img/birds/red-tailed-hawk.webp", "c": "via Wikipedia: Red-tailed hawk · see source"}, "https://codexery.com/rodents-and-small-mammals/e/rodents-and-small-mammals/squirrel/": {"t": "Squirrel", "s": "Small rodents with bushy tails, found worldwide except polar regions."}, "https://codexery.com/rodents-and-lagomorphs/e/rodents-and-lagomorphs/chipmunk/": {"t": "Chipmunk", "s": "Small striped squirrels known for cheek pouches and seed storage."}, "https://codexery.com/rodents-and-small-mammals/e/rodents-and-small-mammals/shrew/": {"t": "Shrew", "s": "Small, voracious insectivores related to hedgehogs and moles.", "i": "https://codexery.com/rodents-and-small-mammals/img/rodents-and-small-mammals/shrew.webp", "c": "Wikimedia Commons · CC BY 4.0"}, "https://codexery.com/rodents-small-mammals/e/rodents-and-small-mammals/mole-animal/": {"t": "Mole (animal)", "s": "Small subterranean mammals that aerate soil and store paralyzed earthworms."}, "https://codexery.com/rodents-small-mammals/e/rodents-and-small-mammals/pika/": {"t": "Pika", "s": "Small, mountain-dwelling mammal that stores hay for winter.", "i": "https://codexery.com/rodents-small-mammals/img/rodents-and-small-mammals/pika.webp", "c": "Charles J. Sharp · via Wikipedia: Pika · CC BY-SA 4.0"}, "https://codexery.com/mammals/e/mammals/hare/": {"t": "Hare", "s": "Swift, solitary herbivores of the genus Lepus."}, "https://codexery.com/extant-reptiles-amphibians/e/extant-reptiles-and-amphibians/lizard/": {"t": "Lizard", "s": "Over 7,000 species of squamate reptiles excluding snakes."}, "https://codexery.com/invertebrates/e/invertebrates/insect/": {"t": "Insect", "s": "Insects are the most diverse group of animals on Earth."}, "https://codexery.com/cultural-and-historical-regions/e/cultural-and-historical-regions/eurasia/": {"t": "Eurasia", "s": "The largest continental area on Earth, spanning Europe and Asia."}, "https://codexery.com/regions-cultural-spheres/e/regions-and-cultural-spheres/northern-hemisphere/": {"t": "Northern Hemisphere", "s": "Northern Hemisphere: most populous, land-rich half of Earth.", "i": "https://codexery.com/regions-cultural-spheres/img/regions-and-cultural-spheres/northern-hemisphere.webp", "c": "via Wikipedia: Northern Hemisphere · see source"}, "/e/birds/columbidae/": {"t": "Columbidae", "s": "Bird family of doves and pigeons, worldwide and diverse."}, "https://codexery.com/seas-and-oceans/e/seas-and-oceans/indian-ocean/": {"t": "Indian Ocean", "s": "Third-largest ocean, warmest, key to global climate and trade."}, "https://codexery.com/biology-concepts/e/biology-concepts/habitat/": {"t": "Habitat", "s": "Habitat is the species-specific physical manifestation of its ecological niche."}, "https://codexery.com/ecology-and-behavior/e/ecology-and-behavior/invasive-species/": {"t": "Invasive species", "s": "Introduced species that cause ecological or economic harm."}, "https://codexery.com/beliefs-and-practices/e/beliefs-and-practices/myth/": {"t": "Myth", "s": "A sacred narrative central to a society's values and worldview."}, "https://codexery.com/taxonomy-evolution/e/taxonomy-and-evolution/species/": {"t": "Species", "s": "Basic unit of classification and biodiversity."}, "https://codexery.com/high-fantasy-novels/e/high-fantasy-novels/alice-s-adventures-in-wonderland/": {"t": "Alice's Adventures in Wonderland", "s": "A Victorian fantasy of logic, language, and a girl's journey."}, "/e/birds/albatross/": {"t": "Albatross", "s": "Large seabirds of the Southern Ocean and North Pacific."}, "https://codexery.com/bird-anatomy/e/bird-anatomy/bird-anatomy/": {"t": "Bird anatomy", "s": "Bird anatomy is specialized for flight and feeding."}, "https://codexery.com/bird-anatomy/e/bird-anatomy/crop-anatomy/": {"t": "Crop (anatomy)", "s": "A food-storage pouch in the digestive tract of many animals."}, "https://codexery.com/miscellaneous-birds/e/miscellaneous-birds/eared-dove/": {"t": "Eared dove", "s": "New World dove forming enormous flocks in South America."}, "https://codexery.com/birds-of-the-pacific-ocean/e/birds-of-the-pacific-ocean/many-colored-fruit-dove/": {"t": "Many-colored fruit dove", "s": "A small, colorful fruit dove of the south-west Pacific, found in Fiji, Samoa, and Tonga."}, "https://codexery.com/game-birds-and-waterfowl/e/game-birds-and-waterfowl/mourning-dove/": {"t": "Mourning dove", "s": "A prolific North American gamebird known for its whistling wings."}, "https://codexery.com/birds-of-the-pacific-ocean/e/birds-of-the-pacific-ocean/pacific-imperial-pigeon/": {"t": "Pacific imperial pigeon", "s": "A frugivorous pigeon vital to Pacific island forest seed dispersal."}, "/e/birds/goose/": {"t": "Goose", "s": "Waterfowl of the Anatidae family, known for V-formation flight."}, "https://codexery.com/game-birds-and-waterfowl/e/game-birds-and-waterfowl/wild-turkey/": {"t": "Wild turkey", "s": "Heavy North American upland game bird, ancestor of the domestic turkey."}, "/e/birds/guinea-fowl/": {"t": "Guinea fowl", "s": "African birds known for tick control and ancient lineage."}, "https://codexery.com/latin-american-states-provinces/e/latin-american-states-provinces/veracruz/": {"t": "Veracruz", "s": "Eastern Mexican state with a key Gulf port and mixed heritage."}, "https://codexery.com/agriculture-food/e/agriculture-and-food/animal-husbandry/": {"t": "Animal husbandry", "s": "The practice of raising and caring for domesticated animals for food, labor, and other products."}, "https://codexery.com/conservation-priority-breeds-of-the/e/conservation-priority-breeds-of-the-livestock-conservancy/beltsville-small-white/": {"t": "Beltsville Small White", "s": "A small white turkey developed for mid-century family meals."}, "https://codexery.com/food/e/food/beef/": {"t": "Beef", "s": "The culinary name for meat from cattle, with a history from Neanderthal times to modern global production."}, "https://codexery.com/historical-figures/e/notable/charles-dickens/": {"t": "Charles Dickens", "s": "The most famous celebrity of his era, Dickens pioneered serial publication and remains a literary giant."}, "https://codexery.com/novels-about-ghosts/e/novels-about-ghosts/a-christmas-carol/": {"t": "A Christmas Carol", "s": "A miser is transformed by ghostly visits on Christmas Eve."}, "https://codexery.com/iconic-characters/e/iconic-characters/ebenezer-scrooge/": {"t": "Ebenezer Scrooge", "s": "Fictional miser redeemed by ghostly visitations in A Christmas Carol."}, "https://codexery.com/animal-breeds-on-the-rbst-watchlist/e/animal-breeds-on-the-rbst-watchlist/bronze-turkey/": {"t": "Bronze turkey", "s": "A historic turkey breed with bronze plumage and two distinct types."}, "https://codexery.com/bird-anatomy/e/bird-anatomy/caruncle-bird-anatomy/": {"t": "Caruncle (bird anatomy)", "s": "Fleshy outgrowths on birds used for display and thermoregulation."}, "https://codexery.com/electromagnetism-and-waves/e/electromagnetism-and-waves/infrared/": {"t": "Infrared", "s": "Invisible electromagnetic radiation between visible light and microwaves."}, "https://codexery.com/common-diseases-disorders/e/common-diseases-and-disorders/dermatitis/": {"t": "Dermatitis", "s": "Common skin inflammation with many forms."}, "https://codexery.com/feathers/e/feathers/feather-pecking/": {"t": "Feather pecking", "s": "A behavioural problem in poultry where birds peck at each other's feathers, causing pain and sometimes death."}, "https://codexery.com/game-birds-and-waterfowl/e/game-birds-and-waterfowl/ocellated-turkey/": {"t": "Ocellated turkey", "s": "A colorful turkey of the Yucatán with peacock-like tail spots."}, "/e/birds/common-quail/": {"t": "Common quail", "s": "A migratory game bird known for its distinctive three-chirp call."}, "https://codexery.com/ecology-and-behavior/e/ecology-and-behavior/habitat-fragmentation/": {"t": "Habitat fragmentation", "s": "Habitat fragmentation divides habitats into smaller, isolated patches."}, "https://codexery.com/religious-traditions/e/religious-traditions/australian-aboriginal-religion-and-mythology/": {"t": "Australian Aboriginal religion and mythology", "s": "Sacred stories linking land, ancestors, and the Dreaming.", "i": "https://codexery.com/religious-traditions/img/religious-traditions/australian-aboriginal-religion-and-mythology.webp", "c": "K. Langloh Parker · Public domain"}, "https://codexery.com/cities/e/coastal/sydney/": {"t": "Sydney", "s": "The Harbour City, capital of New South Wales and Australia's largest city."}, "https://codexery.com/physiology-anatomy/e/physiology-and-anatomy/pelvis/": {"t": "Pelvis", "s": "Basin-shaped skeleton connecting trunk to lower limbs."}, "https://codexery.com/materials-and-states-of-matter/e/materials-and-states-of-matter/evaporation/": {"t": "Evaporation", "s": "Surface vaporization process driven by heat and molecular kinetics."}, "https://codexery.com/animal-physiology-morphology/e/animal-physiology-and-morphology/homeothermy/": {"t": "Homeothermy", "s": "Thermoregulation that maintains stable internal body temperature."}, "https://codexery.com/plant-families/e/plant-families/poaceae/": {"t": "Poaceae", "s": "True grasses, the most economically important plant family."}, "https://codexery.com/chinese-inventions/e/chinese-inventions/biological-pest-control/": {"t": "Biological pest control", "s": "Using natural enemies to control pests, with human management."}, "https://codexery.com/minerals-crystals/e/minerals-and-crystals/calcite/": {"t": "Calcite", "s": "A common carbonate mineral and stable polymorph of calcium carbonate."}, "https://codexery.com/dinosaur-anatomy/e/dinosaur-anatomy/gizzard/": {"t": "Gizzard", "s": "A muscular stomach that grinds food, often with swallowed stones."}, "/e/birds/duck/": {"t": "Duck", "s": "Ducks are waterfowl found worldwide except Antarctica, with diverse feeding and breeding behaviors."}, "https://codexery.com/regions-cultural-spheres/e/regions-and-cultural-spheres/afro-eurasia/": {"t": "Afro-Eurasia", "s": "Largest contiguous landmass, comprising Africa, Asia, and Europe.", "i": "https://codexery.com/regions-cultural-spheres/img/regions-and-cultural-spheres/afro-eurasia.webp", "c": "Keepscases · CC BY-SA 3.0"}, "https://codexery.com/languages-and-dialects/e/languages-and-dialects/spanish-language/": {"t": "Spanish language", "s": "A global Romance language originating in the Kingdom of Castile."}, "https://codexery.com/higher-level-taxonomy-evolution/e/higher-level-taxonomy-and-evolution/cyanobacteria/": {"t": "Cyanobacteria", "s": "Ancient photosynthetic bacteria that oxygenated Earth's atmosphere.", "i": "https://codexery.com/higher-level-taxonomy-evolution/img/higher-level-taxonomy-and-evolution/cyanobacteria.webp", "c": "Lamiot · CC BY-SA 3.0"}, "https://codexery.com/animal-physiology-morphology/e/animal-physiology-and-morphology/larva/": {"t": "Larva", "s": "A distinct juvenile form before metamorphosis in many animals."}, "https://codexery.com/invertebrates/e/invertebrates/crustacean/": {"t": "Crustacean", "s": "Mandibulate arthropods with biramous limbs and a nauplius larval stage."}, "https://codexery.com/bird-anatomy/e/bird-anatomy/crop-milk/": {"t": "Crop milk", "s": "A bird secretion fed to young, rich in protein and fat."}, "https://codexery.com/national-parks-of-kenya/e/national-parks-of-kenya/lake-nakuru/": {"t": "Lake Nakuru", "s": "A Rift Valley lake famed for its flamingos."}, "https://codexery.com/nonfiction-and-reference/e/part-1/natural-history-pliny/": {"t": "Natural History (Pliny)", "s": "The ancient encyclopedia that shaped natural history."}, "https://codexery.com/historical-figures/e/scientists/suetonius/": {"t": "Suetonius", "s": "Roman historian and biographer of the Twelve Caesars"}, "/e/birds/cormorant/": {"t": "Cormorant", "s": "Medium-to-large fish-eating seabirds with hooked bills and webbed feet, found worldwide except the central Pacific islands."}, "https://codexery.com/birds-of-the-indian-ocean/e/birds-of-the-indian-ocean/lesser-frigatebird/": {"t": "Lesser frigatebird", "s": "Smallest frigatebird, found across tropical oceans worldwide."}, "https://codexery.com/explorers/e/great-explorers/christopher-columbus/": {"t": "Christopher Columbus", "s": "Italian explorer who opened the Americas to European colonization.", "i": "https://codexery.com/explorers/img/great-explorers/christopher-columbus.webp", "c": "via Wikipedia: Christopher Columbus · see source"}, "https://codexery.com/explorers-conquistadors/e/explorers-and-conquistadors/william-dampier/": {"t": "William Dampier", "s": "English explorer, pirate, and naturalist who bridged two eras of exploration."}, "https://codexery.com/birds-of-the-pacific-ocean/e/birds-of-the-pacific-ocean/great-frigatebird/": {"t": "Great frigatebird", "s": "A master of the tropical skies, the great frigatebird soars on unmatched wings."}, "https://codexery.com/swedish-inventions/e/swedish-inventions/linnaean-taxonomy/": {"t": "Linnaean taxonomy", "s": "Rank-based classification system with binomial nomenclature, founded by Carl Linnaeus."}, "https://codexery.com/miscellaneous-birds/e/miscellaneous-birds/hamerkop/": {"t": "Hamerkop", "s": "A water bird known for its hammer-shaped head and large nests."}, "https://codexery.com/dinosaur-anatomy/e/dinosaur-anatomy/tarsometatarsus/": {"t": "Tarsometatarsus", "s": "A fused lower leg bone in birds and some dinosaurs."}, "https://codexery.com/bird-tribes/e/bird-tribes/pucrasiini/": {"t": "Pucrasiini", "s": "Boreal-adapted gamebirds with uphill flight and onomatopoeic names."}, "https://codexery.com/meteorology/e/meteorology/temperate-climate/": {"t": "Temperate climate", "s": "Middle-latitude climates with distinct seasons and moderate temperatures.", "i": "https://codexery.com/meteorology/img/meteorology/temperate-climate.webp", "c": "Unknown author · Public domain"}, "https://codexery.com/physical-geography-elevation/e/physical-geography-and-elevation/subarctic/": {"t": "Subarctic", "s": "Subarctic: a cold, sparsely populated region of taiga, permafrost, and mineral wealth."}, "https://codexery.com/common-plants-and-crops/e/common-plants-and-crops/pine/": {"t": "Pine", "s": "Pines are evergreen conifers with needles in bundles and woody cones."}, "https://codexery.com/game-birds-and-waterfowl/e/game-birds-and-waterfowl/rock-ptarmigan/": {"t": "Rock ptarmigan", "s": "A seasonally camouflaged game bird of Arctic and alpine tundra."}, "https://codexery.com/u-s-states/e/u-s-states/texas/": {"t": "Texas", "s": "Second-largest U.S. state by area, but first in Fortune 500 headquarters and gross state product."}, "https://codexery.com/linguistic-concepts-and-phenomena/e/linguistic-concepts-and-phenomena/onomatopoeia/": {"t": "Onomatopoeia", "s": "Words that phonetically imitate the sounds they refer to."}, "https://codexery.com/trees-shrubs/e/trees-and-shrubs/conifer/": {"t": "Conifer", "s": "Woody, cone-bearing plants dominant in northern forests."}, "https://codexery.com/animal-behavior/e/animal-behavior/symbiosis/": {"t": "Symbiosis", "s": "Close, long-term interactions between different species."}, "https://codexery.com/biochemistry-and-cell-biology/e/biochemistry-and-cell-biology/cellulose/": {"t": "Cellulose", "s": "The most abundant organic polymer on Earth, essential for plant cell walls and industrial products."}, "https://codexery.com/geology-earth-surface/e/geology-and-earth-surface/prairie/": {"t": "Prairie", "s": "Temperate grassland ecosystem shaped by fire, grazing, and deep-rooted grasses."}, "https://codexery.com/straits-and-channels/e/straits-and-channels/denmark-strait/": {"t": "Denmark Strait", "s": "The strait that separates Greenland from Iceland, connecting the Greenland Sea to the Irminger Sea."}, "https://codexery.com/animal-behavior/e/animal-behavior/animal-sexual-behaviour/": {"t": "Animal sexual behaviour", "s": "Animal sexual behaviour includes reproductive and non-reproductive acts across species."}, "https://codexery.com/bird-anatomy/e/bird-anatomy/comb-anatomy/": {"t": "Comb (anatomy)", "s": "Fleshy crest on the head of gallinaceous birds."}, "/e/birds/buteo/": {"t": "Buteo", "s": "Genus of broad-winged raptors known as buzzards or hawks."}, "https://codexery.com/bird-tribes/e/bird-tribes/rhinocryptini/": {"t": "Rhinocryptini", "s": "Tribe of small, secretive birds known for their vocalizations."}, "https://codexery.com/bird-tribes/e/bird-tribes/furnariini/": {"t": "Furnariini", "s": "A tribe of Neotropical ovenbirds including horneros and earthcreepers."}, "https://codexery.com/invertebrates/e/invertebrates/arthropod/": {"t": "Arthropod", "s": "Invertebrates with jointed limbs and exoskeletons, dominating animal diversity.", "i": "https://codexery.com/invertebrates/img/invertebrates/arthropod.webp", "c": "Cédric Aria, Fangchen Zhao, Han Zeng, Jin Guo, Maoyan Zhu Diego C. García-Bellid · CC BY-SA 4.0"}, "https://codexery.com/units-measurement/e/units-and-measurement/ounce/": {"t": "Ounce", "s": "A unit of mass, weight, or volume from Roman times."}, "https://codexery.com/fifa-world-cup/e/honours/bolivia/": {"t": "Bolivia", "s": "A landlocked South American nation with diverse geography and a rich indigenous heritage."}, "https://codexery.com/geology-earth-surface/e/geology-and-earth-surface/soil/": {"t": "Soil", "s": "Soil is a complex ecosystem supporting life and regulating Earth's cycles."}, "https://codexery.com/ecology-and-behavior/e/ecology-and-behavior/parasitism/": {"t": "Parasitism", "s": "A close, harmful relationship where one organism exploits another.", "i": "https://codexery.com/ecology-and-behavior/img/ecology-and-behavior/parasitism.webp", "c": "Soebe · CC BY-SA 3.0"}, "https://codexery.com/invertebrates/e/invertebrates/centipede/": {"t": "Centipede", "s": "Venomous, multi-legged predators found worldwide in moist habitats."}, "https://codexery.com/food-cooking/e/food-and-cooking/fruit/": {"t": "Fruit", "s": "Seed-bearing structure of flowering plants, key to reproduction and human nutrition."}, "https://codexery.com/mountain-ranges-and-massifs/e/mountain-ranges-and-massifs/andes/": {"t": "Andes", "s": "Longest continental mountain range, forming western backbone of South America."}, "https://codexery.com/islands/e/islands/trinidad/": {"t": "Trinidad", "s": "Southernmost Caribbean island, rich in biodiversity and oil."}, "https://codexery.com/islands-and-archipelagos/e/islands-and-archipelagos/martinique/": {"t": "Martinique", "s": "An island of flowers, volcanoes, and French heritage in the Caribbean.", "i": "https://codexery.com/islands-and-archipelagos/img/islands-and-archipelagos/martinique.webp", "c": "OttavianoUrsu · Public domain"}, "https://codexery.com/islands-and-archipelagos/e/islands-and-archipelagos/greater-antilles/": {"t": "Greater Antilles", "s": "The larger islands of the Caribbean Sea, including Cuba, Hispaniola, Puerto Rico, and Jamaica.", "i": "https://codexery.com/islands-and-archipelagos/img/islands-and-archipelagos/greater-antilles.webp", "c": "via Wikipedia: Greater Antilles · see source"}, "https://codexery.com/islands-and-archipelagos/e/islands-and-archipelagos/lesser-antilles/": {"t": "Lesser Antilles", "s": "An arc of islands forming the eastern boundary of the Caribbean Sea.", "i": "https://codexery.com/islands-and-archipelagos/img/islands-and-archipelagos/lesser-antilles.webp", "c": "via Wikipedia: Lesser Antilles · see source"}, "https://codexery.com/islands-and-archipelagos/e/islands-and-archipelagos/hispaniola/": {"t": "Hispaniola", "s": "Caribbean island divided between Haiti and the Dominican Republic."}, "https://codexery.com/fossils/e/fossils/paleontology/": {"t": "Paleontology", "s": "The scientific study of ancient life through fossils."}, "https://codexery.com/dinosaur-clades/e/dinosaur-clades/saurischia/": {"t": "Saurischia", "s": "One of the two main dinosaur divisions, including birds."}, "https://codexery.com/prehistoric-beasts/e/prehistoric-beasts/anchiornis/": {"t": "Anchiornis", "s": "A small, four-winged dinosaur key to understanding bird evolution."}, "https://codexery.com/feathered-dinosaurs/e/feathered-dinosaurs/xiaotingia/": {"t": "Xiaotingia", "s": "A small feathered dinosaur from Jurassic China."}, "https://codexery.com/feathered-dinosaurs/e/feathered-dinosaurs/aurornis/": {"t": "Aurornis", "s": "A Jurassic theropod dinosaur possibly ancestral to birds.", "i": "https://codexery.com/feathered-dinosaurs/img/feathered-dinosaurs/aurornis.webp", "c": "El fosilmaníaco · CC BY-SA 3.0"}, "https://codexery.com/dinosaurs-of-china/e/dinosaurs-of-china/baminornis/": {"t": "Baminornis", "s": "Late Jurassic avialan from China with disputed pygostyle."}, "https://codexery.com/geology-and-landforms/e/geology-and-landforms/archipelago/": {"t": "Archipelago", "s": "A chain, cluster, or collection of islands.", "i": "https://codexery.com/geology-and-landforms/img/geology-and-landforms/archipelago.webp", "c": "NASA Goddard Space Flight Center · CC BY 2.0"}, "https://codexery.com/ancient-reptiles/e/ancient-reptiles/dromaeosauridae/": {"t": "Dromaeosauridae", "s": "Feathered, swift carnivorous dinosaurs of the Cretaceous period."}, "https://codexery.com/transitional-fossils/e/transitional-fossils/transitional-fossil/": {"t": "Transitional fossil", "s": "Fossils showing traits of both ancestral and descendant groups."}, "https://codexery.com/theropoda/e/theropoda/origin-of-birds/": {"t": "Origin of birds", "s": "Birds evolved from maniraptoran theropod dinosaurs during the Mesozoic."}, "https://codexery.com/scientists-and-mathematicians/e/scientists-and-mathematicians/charles-darwin/": {"t": "Charles Darwin", "s": "English naturalist, geologist, and biologist who proposed the theory of evolution by natural selection."}, "https://codexery.com/nonfiction-and-reference/e/part-1/on-the-origin-of-species/": {"t": "On the Origin of Species", "s": "Foundation of evolutionary biology, introducing natural selection."}, "https://codexery.com/feathers/e/feathers/covert-feather/": {"t": "Covert feather", "s": "Coverts are feathers that cover other feathers on birds.", "i": "https://codexery.com/feathers/img/feathers/covert-feather.webp", "c": "Chinmayee Mishra · CC BY-SA 4.0"}, "https://codexery.com/biologists-naturalists/e/biologists-and-naturalists/richard-owen/": {"t": "Richard Owen", "s": "English biologist, comparative anatomist and palaeontologist who coined the word Dinosauria.", "i": "https://codexery.com/biologists-naturalists/img/biologists-and-naturalists/richard-owen.webp", "c": "via Wikipedia: Richard Owen · see source"}, "https://codexery.com/fifa-world-cup/e/culture/london/": {"t": "London", "s": "A global city on the Thames, London blends nearly 2,000 years of history with a vibrant, multicultural present."}, "https://codexery.com/radio-manufacturers/e/radio-manufacturers/siemens/": {"t": "Siemens", "s": "European engineering giant with roots in telegraphy and industrial automation."}, "https://codexery.com/dinosaurs/e/dinosaurs/compsognathus/": {"t": "Compsognathus", "s": "The first theropod dinosaur known from a reasonably complete skeleton, once mistaken for a lizard."}, "https://codexery.com/musculoskeletal-system/e/musculoskeletal-system/sternum/": {"t": "Sternum", "s": "A long flat bone forming the front of the rib cage."}, "https://codexery.com/dinosaur-museums-in-the-united-states/e/dinosaur-museums-in-the-united-states/field-museum-of-natural-history/": {"t": "Field Museum of Natural History", "s": "A major natural history museum on Chicago's lakefront Museum Campus."}, "https://codexery.com/astronomers-and-cosmologists/e/astronomers-and-cosmologists/fred-hoyle/": {"t": "Fred Hoyle", "s": "English astronomer who formulated stellar nucleosynthesis and coined 'Big Bang'.", "i": "https://codexery.com/astronomers-and-cosmologists/img/astronomers-and-cosmologists/fred-hoyle.webp", "c": "via Wikipedia: Fred Hoyle · see source"}, "https://codexery.com/construction-materials/e/construction-and-materials/cement/": {"t": "Cement", "s": "Binder that sets, hardens, and binds other materials together.", "i": "https://codexery.com/construction-materials/img/construction-and-materials/cement.webp", "c": "Nnnjens · CC0"}, "https://codexery.com/ancient-reptiles/e/ancient-reptiles/feathered-dinosaur/": {"t": "Feathered dinosaur", "s": "Feathered dinosaurs include all birds and many non-avian species, with evidence from fossils and amber revealing their origins and evolution."}, "https://codexery.com/miscellaneous-birds/e/miscellaneous-birds/guillemot/": {"t": "Guillemot", "s": "Seabirds known for pear-shaped eggs and cliffside colonies."}, "https://codexery.com/birds-of-the-arctic/e/birds-of-the-arctic/little-auk/": {"t": "Little auk", "s": "Small Arctic auk, key prey for Inuit and polar bears."}, "https://codexery.com/specific-languages/e/specific-languages/icelandic-language/": {"t": "Icelandic language", "s": "A conservative North Germanic language with a rich literary heritage, spoken by about 390,000 people, primarily in Iceland."}, "https://codexery.com/birds-of-the-arctic/e/birds-of-the-arctic/least-auklet/": {"t": "Least auklet", "s": "Smallest auk and most abundant seabird in North America."}, "https://codexery.com/birds-of-the-arctic/e/birds-of-the-arctic/common-murre/": {"t": "Common murre", "s": "A seabird that flies underwater and breeds on bare cliff ledges."}, "https://codexery.com/units-measurement/e/units-and-measurement/year/": {"t": "Year", "s": "A unit of time based on Earth's orbit around the Sun."}, "https://codexery.com/u-s-states/e/u-s-states/maryland/": {"t": "Maryland", "s": "A Mid-Atlantic state with diverse geography and high median income.", "i": "https://codexery.com/u-s-states/img/u-s-states/maryland.webp", "c": "Michael Wheeler · Public domain"}, "/e/birds/corvidae/": {"t": "Corvidae", "s": "A cosmopolitan bird family known for high intelligence and tool use."}, "https://codexery.com/islands-and-archipelagos/e/islands-and-archipelagos/maluku-islands/": {"t": "Maluku Islands", "s": "The Spice Islands at the crossroads of Asia and Oceania.", "i": "https://codexery.com/islands-and-archipelagos/img/islands-and-archipelagos/maluku-islands.webp", "c": "via Wikipedia: Maluku Islands · see source"}, "https://codexery.com/parrots-and-songbirds/e/parrots-and-songbirds/bowerbird/": {"t": "Bowerbird", "s": "Males build decorated bowers to attract mates."}, "https://codexery.com/miscellaneous-birds/e/miscellaneous-birds/honeyeater/": {"t": "Honeyeater", "s": "Diverse Australasian nectar-feeders unrelated to similar birds elsewhere."}, "https://codexery.com/optics-and-photonics/e/optics-and-photonics/iridescence/": {"t": "Iridescence", "s": "Color that shifts with angle, caused by light interference.", "i": "https://codexery.com/optics-and-photonics/img/optics-and-photonics/iridescence.webp", "c": "Furnaminaly · CC BY-SA 4.0"}, "https://codexery.com/biology-concepts/e/biology-concepts/hybrid-biology/": {"t": "Hybrid (biology)", "s": "Offspring from combining two different organisms through sexual reproduction."}, "https://codexery.com/clothing-and-accessories/e/clothing-and-accessories/hat/": {"t": "Hat", "s": "A head covering worn for protection, status, ceremony, or fashion."}, "https://codexery.com/cryptids/e/cryptids-and-folklore/the-phoenix/": {"t": "The Phoenix", "s": "Legendary immortal bird reborn from its own ashes."}, "https://codexery.com/explorers/e/great-explorers/ferdinand-magellan/": {"t": "Ferdinand Magellan", "s": "Portuguese explorer who planned and led the first circumnavigation of Earth.", "i": "https://codexery.com/explorers/img/great-explorers/ferdinand-magellan.webp", "c": "via Wikipedia: Ferdinand Magellan · see source"}, "https://codexery.com/planets-and-dwarf-planets/e/planets-and-dwarf-planets/earth/": {"t": "Earth", "s": "The only known planet with liquid surface water and life."}, "https://codexery.com/explorers-navigators/e/explorers-and-navigators/antonio-pigafetta/": {"t": "Antonio Pigafetta", "s": "Venetian chronicler of Magellan's circumnavigation."}, "https://codexery.com/historical-figures/e/notable/alfred-russel-wallace/": {"t": "Alfred Russel Wallace", "s": "English naturalist who co-discovered evolution by natural selection."}, "/e/birds/bustard/": {"t": "Bustard", "s": "Large terrestrial birds of dry grasslands and steppes."}, "https://codexery.com/fishkeeping/e/fishkeeping/biotope/": {"t": "Biotope", "s": "A uniform environmental area supporting a specific biological community."}, "https://codexery.com/microbiology-and-immunology/e/microbiology-and-immunology/phylogenetics/": {"t": "Phylogenetics", "s": "Study of evolutionary history through heritable traits and phylogenetic trees."}, "https://codexery.com/major-islands-and-archipelagos/e/major-islands-and-archipelagos/canary-islands/": {"t": "Canary Islands", "s": "The Fortunate Isles: a subtropical archipelago linking Africa, Europe, and the Americas."}, "https://codexery.com/miscellaneous-birds/e/miscellaneous-birds/gull/": {"t": "Gull", "s": "Adaptable seabirds with complex social structures and global distribution."}, "https://codexery.com/minerals-and-gems/e/minerals-and-gems/ochre/": {"t": "Ochre", "s": "Natural clay pigment used for art, ritual, and medicine since prehistory."}, "https://codexery.com/musculoskeletal-system/e/musculoskeletal-system/tibia/": {"t": "Tibia", "s": "The larger, stronger shinbone connecting knee and ankle."}, "https://codexery.com/physical-geography-elevation/e/physical-geography-and-elevation/tropics/": {"t": "Tropics", "s": "The region between the Tropic of Cancer and Tropic of Capricorn."}, "https://codexery.com/physical-geography-elevation/e/physical-geography-and-elevation/subtropics/": {"t": "Subtropics", "s": "Climate zones between tropics and temperate regions, with hot summers and mild winters."}, "/e/birds/finch/": {"t": "Finch", "s": "Small to medium-sized passerines with stout conical bills."}, "https://codexery.com/botany-plant-biology/e/botany-and-plant-biology/twig/": {"t": "Twig", "s": "Thin branch used for identification, fire, and animal tools."}, "https://codexery.com/latin-american-states-provinces/e/latin-american-states-provinces/oaxaca/": {"t": "Oaxaca", "s": "A Mexican state known for Indigenous cultures and rugged terrain.", "i": "https://codexery.com/latin-american-states-provinces/img/latin-american-states-provinces/oaxaca.webp", "c": "PCN02WPS · CC BY-SA 4.0"}, "https://codexery.com/mexican-states/e/mexican-states/chiapas/": {"t": "Chiapas", "s": "Southernmost Mexican state with Mayan ruins and high indigenous population."}, "https://codexery.com/countries-and-regions/e/countries-and-regions/pennsylvania/": {"t": "Pennsylvania", "s": "The Keystone State", "i": "https://codexery.com/countries-and-regions/img/countries-and-regions/pennsylvania.webp", "c": "Simtropolitan, Jean-Pierre Demailly (old version)\npermission=\n\n\n\nInsignia\n\nThis image shows a flag, a coat of arms, a seal or some other official insignia. The  · via Wikipedia: Pennsylvania · Public domain"}, "/e/birds/emu/": {"t": "Emu", "s": "Flightless Australian bird, third-tallest living bird species."}, "https://codexery.com/dinosaur-anatomy/e/dinosaur-anatomy/furcula/": {"t": "Furcula", "s": "A forked bone that strengthens the thorax in birds and some dinosaurs."}, "https://codexery.com/ecology-and-behavior/e/ecology-and-behavior/keystone-species/": {"t": "Keystone species", "s": "A species with outsized ecological impact relative to its abundance."}, "https://codexery.com/marsupials/e/marsupials/bandicoot/": {"t": "Bandicoot", "s": "Nocturnal marsupials endemic to Australia–New Guinea with pig-like snouts."}, "https://codexery.com/historical-figures/e/religious/columba/": {"t": "Columba", "s": "Irish abbot and missionary who spread Christianity in Scotland"}, "/e/birds/dodo/": {"t": "Dodo", "s": "Extinct flightless bird endemic to Mauritius, symbol of human-caused extinction."}, "https://codexery.com/ecology-and-behavior/e/ecology-and-behavior/herbivore/": {"t": "Herbivore", "s": "Animals adapted to feed primarily on plants."}, "https://codexery.com/specific-languages/e/specific-languages/gothic-language/": {"t": "Gothic language", "s": "The earliest attested Germanic language with a sizeable text corpus, known primarily from a 6th-century Bible translation."}, "https://codexery.com/historical-figures/e/notable/aristotle/": {"t": "Aristotle", "s": "Ancient Greek philosopher and polymath, founder of the Peripatetic school."}, "https://codexery.com/aircraft-components/e/aircraft-components/aspect-ratio-aeronautics/": {"t": "Aspect ratio (aeronautics)", "s": "Aspect ratio measures wing slenderness, affecting aerodynamic efficiency and drag."}, "https://codexery.com/indian-states/e/indian-states/arunachal-pradesh/": {"t": "Arunachal Pradesh", "s": "Land of the Dawn-Lit Mountains", "i": "https://codexery.com/indian-states/img/indian-states/arunachal-pradesh.webp", "c": "Soup0w0 · CC BY-SA 4.0"}, "https://codexery.com/rivers-of-the-world/e/rivers-of-the-world/zambezi/": {"t": "Zambezi", "s": "Fourth-longest African river, largest east-flowing into the Indian Ocean."}, "https://codexery.com/regions-cultural-spheres/e/regions-and-cultural-spheres/antarctica/": {"t": "Antarctica", "s": "Earth's southernmost, coldest, and least-populated continent."}, "https://codexery.com/cities/e/coastal/singapore/": {"t": "Singapore", "s": "The Lion City, a global hub of trade and finance."}, "https://codexery.com/major-islands-and-archipelagos/e/major-islands-and-archipelagos/cayman-islands/": {"t": "Cayman Islands", "s": "A self-governing British Overseas Territory in the western Caribbean, known for its high standard of living and status as a major offshore financial centre."}, "/e/birds/common-starling/": {"t": "Common starling", "s": "A glossy, mimicry-gifted bird with vast invasive populations."}, "https://codexery.com/birds-of-asia/e/birds-of-asia/asian-koel/": {"t": "Asian koel", "s": "A brood parasitic cuckoo with a frugivorous adult diet."}, "https://codexery.com/invertebrates/e/invertebrates/earthworm/": {"t": "Earthworm", "s": "Soil-dwelling annelids vital to decomposition and soil health."}, "https://codexery.com/invertebrates/e/invertebrates/arachnid/": {"t": "Arachnid", "s": "Eight-legged arthropods with chelicerae and pedipalps.", "i": "https://codexery.com/invertebrates/img/invertebrates/arachnid.webp", "c": "Ernst Haeckel · Public domain"}, "https://codexery.com/birds-of-prey-and-waterbirds/e/birds-of-prey-and-waterbirds/cattle-egret/": {"t": "Cattle egret", "s": "Herons that followed cattle across the world."}, "https://codexery.com/countries-and-regions/e/countries-and-regions/middle-east/": {"t": "Middle East", "s": "A geopolitical region encompassing West Asia, Egypt, and European Turkey, rich in history and strategic importance."}, "https://codexery.com/countries-and-territories/e/countries-and-territories/georgia-country/": {"t": "Georgia (country)", "s": "A country at the crossroads of Europe and Asia, with ancient winemaking traditions and a pro-Western trajectory."}, "https://codexery.com/rivers-and-seas-of-the-world/e/rivers-and-seas-of-the-world/black-sea/": {"t": "Black Sea", "s": "Marginal sea between Europe and Asia with anoxic deep waters.", "i": "https://codexery.com/rivers-and-seas-of-the-world/img/rivers-and-seas-of-the-world/black-sea.webp", "c": "via Wikipedia: Black Sea · see source"}, "https://codexery.com/u-s-states/e/u-s-states/south-dakota/": {"t": "South Dakota", "s": "Landlocked Great Plains state named after the Dakota Sioux."}, "https://codexery.com/rivers-and-seas-of-the-world/e/rivers-and-seas-of-the-world/caspian-sea/": {"t": "Caspian Sea", "s": "The world's largest inland body of water, a brackish sea between Europe and Asia.", "i": "https://codexery.com/rivers-and-seas-of-the-world/img/rivers-and-seas-of-the-world/caspian-sea.webp", "c": "NASA · Public domain"}, "https://codexery.com/countries-and-regions/e/countries-and-regions/manchuria/": {"t": "Manchuria", "s": "Historical region in Northeast Asia, homeland of the Manchus.", "i": "https://codexery.com/countries-and-regions/img/countries-and-regions/manchuria.webp", "c": "Wikimedia Commons · CC BY 4.0"}, "https://codexery.com/peninsulas-and-cape-landforms/e/peninsulas-and-cape-landforms/korean-peninsula/": {"t": "Korean Peninsula", "s": "Divided peninsula with ancient kingdoms and modern global influence."}, "https://codexery.com/ancient-civilizations/e/ancient-civilizations/stone-age/": {"t": "Stone Age", "s": "The Stone Age was a broad prehistoric period during which stone was widely used to make tools.", "i": "https://codexery.com/ancient-civilizations/img/ancient-civilizations/stone-age.webp", "c": "via Wikipedia: Aegean civilization · see source"}, "/e/birds/grouse/": {"t": "Grouse", "s": "Grouse are ground-dwelling birds of the Northern Hemisphere, known for their elaborate courtship displays and adaptation to cold climates."}, "https://codexery.com/game-birds-and-waterfowl/e/game-birds-and-waterfowl/partridge/": {"t": "Partridge", "s": "Medium-sized game birds native to Europe, Asia, and Africa."}, "https://codexery.com/ancient-empires/e/ancient-empires/roman-empire/": {"t": "Roman Empire", "s": "Medieval and early modern empire claiming direct Roman succession, dissolved in 1806."}, "https://codexery.com/u-s-states/e/u-s-states/oregon/": {"t": "Oregon", "s": "33rd state, known for Crater Lake and Mount Hood."}, "https://codexery.com/u-s-states/e/u-s-states/idaho/": {"t": "Idaho", "s": "The Gem State", "i": "https://codexery.com/u-s-states/img/u-s-states/idaho.webp", "c": "TylerKutschbach · CC BY-SA 4.0"}, "https://codexery.com/u-s-states/e/u-s-states/montana/": {"t": "Montana", "s": "Big Sky Country"}, "https://codexery.com/u-s-states/e/u-s-states/wyoming/": {"t": "Wyoming", "s": "Least populous U.S. state, first to grant women's suffrage."}, "https://codexery.com/landforms-and-regions/e/landforms-and-regions/great-plains/": {"t": "Great Plains", "s": "Broad North American flatland of prairie, steppe, and grassland.", "i": "https://codexery.com/landforms-and-regions/img/landforms-and-regions/great-plains.webp", "c": "via Wikipedia: Alluvial plain · see source"}, "https://codexery.com/countries-and-regions/e/countries-and-regions/new-england/": {"t": "New England", "s": "Six-state region in northeastern U.S. with strong cultural identity."}, "https://codexery.com/mythological-rapists/e/mythological-rapists/phasis-mythology/": {"t": "Phasis (mythology)", "s": "River-god who raped the huntress Aea and drowned himself."}, "https://codexery.com/ecology-and-behavior/e/ecology-and-behavior/mutualism-biology/": {"t": "Mutualism (biology)", "s": "Ecological interaction where each species has a net benefit."}, "https://codexery.com/mammals/e/mammals/gibbon/": {"t": "Gibbon", "s": "Agile tree-dwelling apes, known for brachiation and duet songs.", "i": "https://codexery.com/mammals/img/mammals/gibbon.webp", "c": "Eric Kilby from Somerville, MA, USA · CC BY-SA 2.0"}, "https://codexery.com/world-heritage-sites-in-russia/e/world-heritage-sites-in-russia/curonian-spit/": {"t": "Curonian Spit", "s": "A thin, curved sand-dune spit shared by Lithuania and Russia, home to Europe's highest drifting dunes.", "i": "https://codexery.com/world-heritage-sites-in-russia/img/world-heritage-sites-in-russia/curonian-spit.webp", "c": "Syrio · CC BY-SA 4.0"}, "https://codexery.com/christian-sacred-texts/e/christian-sacred-texts/bible/": {"t": "Bible", "s": "Anthology of sacred texts for Judaism and Christianity."}, "https://codexery.com/heroes-in-mythology-and-legend/e/heroes-in-mythology-and-legend/crow-australian-aboriginal-mythology/": {"t": "Crow (Australian Aboriginal mythology)", "s": "Trickster and culture hero in Aboriginal mythology."}, "https://codexery.com/heroes-in-mythology-and-legend/e/heroes-in-mythology-and-legend/culture-hero/": {"t": "Culture hero", "s": "Mythological figure who changes the world through invention or discovery."}, "https://codexery.com/buddhist-concepts-and-schools/e/buddhist-concepts-and-schools/tibetan-buddhism/": {"t": "Tibetan Buddhism", "s": "Tibetan Buddhism: A Mahayana tradition preserving Indian tantric practices and native developments, with four major schools and a non-sectarian Rimé movement."}, "https://codexery.com/ancient-mysteries/e/ancient-mysteries/the-epic-of-gilgamesh/": {"t": "The Epic of Gilgamesh", "s": "The world's oldest surviving narrative literature, exploring mortality, friendship, and the quest for eternal life."}, "https://codexery.com/flood-myths/e/flood-myths/utnapishtim/": {"t": "Utnapishtim", "s": "Mesopotamian flood hero granted eternal life after surviving the deluge."}, "https://codexery.com/iconic-characters/e/iconic-characters/hou-yi/": {"t": "Hou Yi", "s": "Mythological Chinese archer who shot down nine suns."}, "https://codexery.com/planets-and-dwarf-planets/e/planets-and-dwarf-planets/saturn/": {"t": "Saturn", "s": "Saturn is a gas giant with rings and the lowest density in the Solar System."}, "https://codexery.com/rivers-and-seas-of-the-world/e/rivers-and-seas-of-the-world/aegean-sea/": {"t": "Aegean Sea", "s": "A historically important sea between Europe and Asia.", "i": "https://codexery.com/rivers-and-seas-of-the-world/img/rivers-and-seas-of-the-world/aegean-sea.webp", "c": "via Wikipedia: Aegean Sea · see source"}, "https://codexery.com/peninsulas-and-cape-landforms/e/peninsulas-and-cape-landforms/arabian-peninsula/": {"t": "Arabian Peninsula", "s": "World's largest peninsula, formed by a divergent tectonic boundary.", "i": "https://codexery.com/peninsulas-and-cape-landforms/img/peninsulas-and-cape-landforms/arabian-peninsula.webp", "c": "via Wikipedia: Peninsula · see source"}, "https://codexery.com/languages-and-writing-systems/e/languages-and-writing-systems/sanskrit/": {"t": "Sanskrit", "s": "The classical language of South Asian religion, philosophy, and culture."}, "https://codexery.com/hindu-gurus-and-philosophers/e/hindu-gurus-and-philosophers/valmiki/": {"t": "Valmiki", "s": "Legendary poet and sage, author of the Ramayana."}, "https://codexery.com/languages-and-dialects/e/languages-and-dialects/greek-language/": {"t": "Greek language", "s": "Greek is the world's oldest recorded living language."}, "https://codexery.com/coastal-marine-geology/e/coastal-and-marine-geology/lagoon/": {"t": "Lagoon", "s": "Shallow coastal water body separated from open sea by a barrier."}, "https://codexery.com/filipino-cuisine/e/filipino-cuisine/crocodile-meat/": {"t": "Crocodile meat", "s": "Crocodile meat comes from tropical, semiaquatic reptiles sensitive to cold."}, "https://codexery.com/mammals/e/mammals/mammal/": {"t": "Mammal", "s": "Vertebrate class defined by mammary glands and three middle ear bones.", "i": "https://codexery.com/mammals/img/mammals/mammal.webp", "c": "Hannah Ritchie and Klara Auerbach · CC BY 4.0"}, "https://codexery.com/animal-behavior/e/animal-behavior/copulation-zoology/": {"t": "Copulation (zoology)", "s": "Animal sexual behavior where male introduces sperm into female."}, "https://codexery.com/bird-anatomy/e/bird-anatomy/brood-patch/": {"t": "Brood patch", "s": "Featherless skin patch enabling efficient egg incubation in birds."}, "https://codexery.com/indian-states/e/indian-states/assam/": {"t": "Assam", "s": "The land of the Brahmaputra, tea, and one-horned rhinos.", "i": "https://codexery.com/indian-states/img/indian-states/assam.webp", "c": "Medhi jyoti · CC BY-SA 4.0"}, "https://codexery.com/ethnic-indigenous-groups/e/ethnic-and-indigenous-groups/tupi-people/": {"t": "Tupi people", "s": "One of the largest Indigenous groups in pre-colonial Brazil, known for their agricultural skills, complex social structure, and significant role in the formatio"}, "https://codexery.com/birds-of-prey-and-waterbirds/e/birds-of-prey-and-waterbirds/booby/": {"t": "Booby", "s": "Seabirds known for diving and colonial breeding."}, "https://codexery.com/human-anatomy/e/human-anatomy/skeleton/": {"t": "Skeleton", "s": "The structural frame that supports the body of most animals."}, "https://codexery.com/musculoskeletal-system/e/musculoskeletal-system/wrist/": {"t": "Wrist", "s": "Complex joint region of eight carpal bones and associated structures."}, "https://codexery.com/regions-cultural-spheres/e/regions-and-cultural-spheres/europe/": {"t": "Europe", "s": "Second-smallest continent, birthplace of Western civilisation and European Union."}, "https://codexery.com/bird-families/e/bird-families/anatidae/": {"t": "Anatidae", "s": "Family of water birds including ducks, geese, and swans."}, "https://codexery.com/languages-and-dialects/e/languages-and-dialects/german-language/": {"t": "German language", "s": "German, known natively as Deutsch (pronounced [dɔɪ̯tʃ]), belongs to the West Germanic branch of the Indo-European language family and is spoken primarily across"}, "https://codexery.com/taxonomy-evolution/e/taxonomy-and-evolution/order-taxonomy/": {"t": "Order (taxonomy)", "s": "A taxonomic rank between family and class in biological classification."}, "https://codexery.com/bird-families/e/bird-families/anhimidae/": {"t": "Anhimidae", "s": "Three South American birds related to ducks, known for loud calls."}, "https://codexery.com/game-birds-and-waterfowl/e/game-birds-and-waterfowl/magpie-goose/": {"t": "Magpie goose", "s": "Sole living member of the ancient family Anseranatidae."}, "https://codexery.com/bird-tribes/e/bird-tribes/dendrocygnini/": {"t": "Dendrocygnini", "s": "A disputed tribe of whistling ducks with long legs and necks."}, "https://codexery.com/game-birds-and-waterfowl/e/game-birds-and-waterfowl/freckled-duck/": {"t": "Freckled duck", "s": "Endemic Australian waterfowl with distinctive freckled plumage."}, "https://codexery.com/game-birds-and-waterfowl/e/game-birds-and-waterfowl/paradise-shelduck/": {"t": "Paradise shelduck", "s": "A striking, endemic New Zealand shelduck with strong pair bonds."}, "https://codexery.com/islands-and-archipelagos/e/islands-and-archipelagos/gal-pagos-islands/": {"t": "Galápagos Islands", "s": "Volcanic archipelago in the Eastern Pacific, part of Ecuador, famed for endemic species and Darwin's studies.", "i": "https://codexery.com/islands-and-archipelagos/img/islands-and-archipelagos/gal-pagos-islands.webp", "c": "via Wikipedia: Galápagos Islands · see source"}, "https://codexery.com/birds-of-the-pacific-ocean/e/birds-of-the-pacific-ocean/pacific-black-duck/": {"t": "Pacific black duck", "s": "A dabbling duck threatened by hybridization with the introduced mallard."}, "https://codexery.com/rivers-of-the-world/e/rivers-of-the-world/ohio-river/": {"t": "Ohio River", "s": "Major U.S. river, historic boundary and transportation route.", "i": "https://codexery.com/rivers-of-the-world/img/rivers-of-the-world/ohio-river.webp", "c": "via Wikipedia: Ohio River · see source"}, "https://codexery.com/symptoms-and-signs-skin-and-subcutaneous/e/symptoms-and-signs-skin-and-subcutaneous-tissue/bubo/": {"t": "Bubo", "s": "A swollen lymph node indicating infection, notably in plague.", "i": "https://codexery.com/symptoms-and-signs-skin-and-subcutaneous/img/symptoms-and-signs-skin-and-subcutaneous-tissue/bubo.webp", "c": "Alvesgaspar · CC BY-SA 4.0"}, "https://codexery.com/feathers/e/feathers/ear-tuft/": {"t": "Ear tuft", "s": "Fur or feather collections near or resembling animal ears.", "i": "https://codexery.com/feathers/img/feathers/ear-tuft.webp", "c": "KKPCW · CC BY-SA 4.0"}, "https://codexery.com/regions-cultural-spheres/e/regions-and-cultural-spheres/continental-europe/": {"t": "Continental Europe", "s": "The contiguous mainland of Europe, excluding its surrounding islands.", "i": "https://codexery.com/regions-cultural-spheres/img/regions-and-cultural-spheres/continental-europe.webp", "c": "via Wikipedia: Europe · see source"}, "https://codexery.com/peninsulas-and-cape-landforms/e/peninsulas-and-cape-landforms/anatolia/": {"t": "Anatolia", "s": "Peninsula in West Asia, historic cradle of civilizations.", "i": "https://codexery.com/peninsulas-and-cape-landforms/img/peninsulas-and-cape-landforms/anatolia.webp", "c": "Anatolianist · CC BY-SA 4.0"}, "https://codexery.com/holarctic-birds/e/holarctic-birds/great-grey-owl/": {"t": "Great grey owl", "s": "World's largest owl by length, with exceptional hearing for hunting under snow."}, "https://codexery.com/holarctic-birds/e/holarctic-birds/long-eared-owl/": {"t": "Long-eared owl", "s": "A widespread, nomadic owl that hunts voles and roosts communally."}, "https://codexery.com/holarctic-birds/e/holarctic-birds/boreal-owl/": {"t": "Boreal owl", "s": "A small, nocturnal owl of northern forests.", "i": "https://codexery.com/holarctic-birds/img/holarctic-birds/boreal-owl.webp", "c": "Birds of Gilgit-Baltistan from Aliabad, Hunza, Pakistan · CC BY-SA 2.0"}, "https://codexery.com/russian-regions/e/russian-regions/russian-far-east/": {"t": "Russian Far East", "s": "The easternmost part of Russia and Asia, coextensive with the Far Eastern Federal District."}, "https://codexery.com/islands-and-archipelagos/e/islands-and-archipelagos/hokkaido/": {"t": "Hokkaido", "s": "Hokkaido is Japan’s northernmost main island and the second largest of the four."}, "https://codexery.com/feathers/e/feathers/afterfeather/": {"t": "Afterfeather", "s": "Feathers: complex integumentary structures for flight, insulation, and communication."}, "https://codexery.com/bird-families/e/bird-families/artamidae/": {"t": "Artamidae", "s": "A passerine family of Australasian songbirds with varied diets."}, "https://codexery.com/peninsulas-and-cape-landforms/e/peninsulas-and-cape-landforms/kamchatka-peninsula/": {"t": "Kamchatka Peninsula", "s": "Volcanic peninsula in the Russian Far East, part of the Ring of Fire.", "i": "https://codexery.com/peninsulas-and-cape-landforms/img/peninsulas-and-cape-landforms/kamchatka-peninsula.webp", "c": "via Wikipedia: Kamchatka Peninsula · see source"}, "https://codexery.com/animal-biology-and-behavior/e/animal-biology-and-behavior/mating/": {"t": "Mating", "s": "Pairing of organisms for sexual reproduction across many taxa."}, "https://codexery.com/cities-of-the-world/e/cities-of-the-world/antwerp/": {"t": "Antwerp", "s": "Major port, diamond hub, and historic global city in Belgium."}, "https://codexery.com/mammals/e/mammals/bonobo/": {"t": "Bonobo", "s": "The bonobo is the closest extant relative to humans, alongside the common chimpanzee."}, "https://codexery.com/sensory-systems/e/sensory-systems/visual-acuity/": {"t": "Visual acuity", "s": "Measure of the eye's ability to resolve fine detail."}, "https://codexery.com/human-anatomy/e/human-anatomy/human-eye/": {"t": "Human eye", "s": "The human eye is a sensory organ in the visual system that reacts to visible light allowing eyesight."}, "https://codexery.com/languages/e/languages/middle-english/": {"t": "Middle English", "s": "Middle English was the language of England after the Norman Conquest.", "i": "https://codexery.com/languages/img/languages/middle-english.webp", "c": "via Wikipedia: Middle English · see source"}, "https://codexery.com/taxonomy-evolution/e/taxonomy-and-evolution/species-complex/": {"t": "Species complex", "s": "A group of closely related species with unclear boundaries."}, "https://codexery.com/bird-tribes/e/bird-tribes/geospizini/": {"t": "Geospizini", "s": "A group of finches exemplifying adaptive radiation in beak form."}, "https://codexery.com/fifa-world-cup/e/honours/hungary/": {"t": "Hungary", "s": "A landlocked Central European nation with a rich history, from the Kingdom of Hungary to EU membership."}, "https://codexery.com/miscellaneous-birds/e/miscellaneous-birds/curassow/": {"t": "Curassow", "s": "Largest-bodied cracid birds, mostly in tropical South America."}, "https://codexery.com/structural-geology-and-tectonics/e/structural-geology-and-tectonics/continent/": {"t": "Continent", "s": "Large terrestrial region identified by convention, not strict criteria."}, "https://codexery.com/ecology-and-behavior/e/ecology-and-behavior/seed-dispersal/": {"t": "Seed dispersal", "s": "Movement of seeds away from parent plants via various vectors.", "i": "https://codexery.com/ecology-and-behavior/img/ecology-and-behavior/seed-dispersal.webp", "c": "Alex Valavanis · CC BY-SA 2.0"}, "https://codexery.com/game-birds-and-waterfowl/e/game-birds-and-waterfowl/upland-game-bird/": {"t": "Upland game bird", "s": "Non-waterfowl game birds hunted in upland terrestrial ecosystems."}, "https://codexery.com/regions-cultural-spheres/e/regions-and-cultural-spheres/north-america/": {"t": "North America", "s": "Third-largest continent by area; fourth-largest by population.", "i": "https://codexery.com/regions-cultural-spheres/img/regions-and-cultural-spheres/north-america.webp", "c": "via Wikipedia: North America · see source"}, "https://codexery.com/bird-tribes/e/bird-tribes/lerwini/": {"t": "Lerwini", "s": "Monotypic tribe basal to the erectile clade of Phasianinae."}, "https://codexery.com/bird-tribes/e/bird-tribes/anserini/": {"t": "Anserini", "s": "True geese of the genus Anser and their close relatives."}, "https://codexery.com/bird-tribes/e/bird-tribes/tadornini/": {"t": "Tadornini", "s": "Tribe of shelducks and sheldgeese, intermediate between geese and dabbling ducks."}, "https://codexery.com/languages-and-scripts/e/languages-and-scripts/west-frisian-language/": {"t": "West Frisian language", "s": "West Frisian is the closest living relative to Old English."}, "https://codexery.com/birds-of-north-america/e/birds-of-north-america/canada-goose/": {"t": "Canada goose", "s": "A large, adaptable goose native to North America."}, "https://codexery.com/game-birds-and-waterfowl/e/game-birds-and-waterfowl/new-zealand-goose/": {"t": "New Zealand goose", "s": "Flightless giant geese of New Zealand, extinct before European arrival."}, "https://codexery.com/bird-families/e/bird-families/aramidae/": {"t": "Aramidae", "s": "Bird family with one living species and several fossil relatives."}, "https://codexery.com/bird-tribes/e/bird-tribes/ithaginini/": {"t": "Ithaginini", "s": "A monotypic tribe of high-altitude pheasants with blood-like plumage."}, "https://codexery.com/plateaus-and-plains/e/plateaus-and-plains/tibetan-plateau/": {"t": "Tibetan Plateau", "s": "Largest and highest plateau in the world, sometimes called the 'Roof of the World'.", "i": "https://codexery.com/plateaus-and-plains/img/plateaus-and-plains/tibetan-plateau.webp", "c": "via Wikipedia: Plateau · see source"}, "https://codexery.com/game-birds-and-waterfowl/e/game-birds-and-waterfowl/crested-partridge/": {"t": "Crested partridge", "s": "A rotund, short-tailed gamebird with a tall red crest."}, "https://codexery.com/infectious-diseases/e/infectious-diseases/lyme-disease/": {"t": "Lyme disease", "s": "A tick-borne bacterial infection common in the Northern Hemisphere, often marked by a distinctive rash and treatable with antibiotics."}}