{"https://codexery.com/birds/e/birds/bird/": {"t": "Bird", "s": "Warm-blooded, feathered vertebrates that are the only living dinosaurs."}, "/e/birds-of-the-arctic/black-turnstone/": {"t": "Black turnstone", "s": "Small wading bird breeding only in Alaska, wintering on Pacific coasts."}, "https://codexery.com/taxonomy-evolution/e/taxonomy-and-evolution/family-taxonomy/": {"t": "Family (taxonomy)", "s": "Taxonomic rank between order and genus in Linnaean classification."}, "https://codexery.com/animal-behavior/e/animal-behavior/bird-migration/": {"t": "Bird migration", "s": "Seasonal movement of birds between breeding and wintering grounds."}, "https://codexery.com/dinosaur-anatomy/e/dinosaur-anatomy/tarsometatarsus/": {"t": "Tarsometatarsus", "s": "A fused lower leg bone in birds and some dinosaurs."}, "https://codexery.com/cultural-and-historical-regions/e/cultural-and-historical-regions/eurasia/": {"t": "Eurasia", "s": "The largest continental area on Earth, spanning Europe and Asia."}, "https://codexery.com/seas-and-oceans/e/seas-and-oceans/indian-ocean/": {"t": "Indian Ocean", "s": "Third-largest ocean, warmest, key to global climate and trade."}, "https://codexery.com/islands-of-the-indian-ocean/e/islands-of-the-indian-ocean/british-indian-ocean-territory/": {"t": "British Indian Ocean Territory", "s": "A disputed territory created for a military base."}, "https://codexery.com/regions-cultural-spheres/e/regions-and-cultural-spheres/indian-subcontinent/": {"t": "Indian subcontinent", "s": "A physiographic region below the Himalayas, divided into three nations."}, "https://codexery.com/countries-and-territories/e/countries-and-territories/georgia-country/": {"t": "Georgia (country)", "s": "A country at the crossroads of Europe and Asia, with ancient winemaking traditions and a pro-Western trajectory."}, "https://codexery.com/fifa-world-cup/e/honours/saudi-arabia/": {"t": "Saudi Arabia", "s": "The Kingdom of Saudi Arabia: a land of ancient heritage, vast deserts, and global influence.", "i": "https://codexery.com/fifa-world-cup/img/honours/saudi-arabia.webp", "c": "via Wikipedia: Saudi Arabia at the FIFA World Cup · see source"}, "https://codexery.com/countries-and-territories/e/countries-and-territories/uzbekistan/": {"t": "Uzbekistan", "s": "Doubly landlocked Central Asian republic with ancient Silk Road heritage."}, "https://codexery.com/traditional-knowledge/e/traditional-knowledge/convention-on-biological-diversity/": {"t": "Convention on Biological Diversity", "s": "Multilateral treaty for biodiversity conservation and sustainable use."}, "https://codexery.com/world-heritage-tentative-list-for-india/e/world-heritage-tentative-list-for-india/chilika-lake/": {"t": "Chilika Lake", "s": "Largest brackish lagoon on India's east coast, Ramsar site since 1981."}, "https://codexery.com/national-parks-of-pakistan/e/national-parks-of-pakistan/margalla-hills-national-park/": {"t": "Margalla Hills National Park", "s": "Third-largest national park in Pakistan, rich in Sino-Himalayan fauna."}, "https://codexery.com/national-parks-of-pakistan/e/national-parks-of-pakistan/deosai-national-park/": {"t": "Deosai National Park", "s": "High-altitude park protecting the Himalayan brown bear."}, "https://codexery.com/birds-of-prey-and-waterbirds/e/birds-of-prey-and-waterbirds/black-stork/": {"t": "Black stork", "s": "A shy, long-distance migrant stork with black plumage and red legs."}, "https://codexery.com/passeriformes/e/passeriformes/passeriformes/": {"t": "Passeriformes", "s": "Largest bird order, known for perching and diverse vocalizations.", "i": "https://codexery.com/passeriformes/img/passeriformes/passeriformes.webp", "c": "MathKnight · CC BY-SA 4.0"}, "https://codexery.com/regions-cultural-spheres/e/regions-and-cultural-spheres/north-america/": {"t": "North America", "s": "Third-largest continent by area; fourth-largest by population.", "i": "https://codexery.com/regions-cultural-spheres/img/regions-and-cultural-spheres/north-america.webp", "c": "via Wikipedia: North America · see source"}, "https://codexery.com/peninsulas-and-cape-landforms/e/peninsulas-and-cape-landforms/kamchatka-peninsula/": {"t": "Kamchatka Peninsula", "s": "Volcanic peninsula in the Russian Far East, part of the Ring of Fire.", "i": "https://codexery.com/peninsulas-and-cape-landforms/img/peninsulas-and-cape-landforms/kamchatka-peninsula.webp", "c": "via Wikipedia: Kamchatka Peninsula · see source"}, "https://codexery.com/islands-and-archipelagos/e/islands-and-archipelagos/kuril-islands/": {"t": "Kuril Islands", "s": "Volcanic archipelago disputed between Russia and Japan since 1945.", "i": "https://codexery.com/islands-and-archipelagos/img/islands-and-archipelagos/kuril-islands.webp", "c": "via Wikipedia: Kuril Islands · see source"}, "https://codexery.com/islands-and-archipelagos/e/islands-and-archipelagos/hokkaido/": {"t": "Hokkaido", "s": "Hokkaido is Japan’s northernmost main island and the second largest of the four."}, "https://codexery.com/plant-biology/e/plant-biology/shrub/": {"t": "Shrub", "s": "A woody perennial plant with multiple stems, shorter than trees."}, "https://codexery.com/animal-behavior/e/animal-behavior/bird-vocalization/": {"t": "Bird vocalization", "s": "Bird vocalization includes songs and calls for communication."}, "https://codexery.com/regions-cultural-spheres/e/regions-and-cultural-spheres/europe/": {"t": "Europe", "s": "Second-smallest continent, birthplace of Western civilisation and European Union."}, "https://codexery.com/languages/e/languages/latin/": {"t": "Latin", "s": "A classical language of the Italic branch, Latin evolved into the Romance languages and remained a key scholarly tongue into the early 19th century."}, "https://codexery.com/bird-families/e/bird-families/alcidae/": {"t": "Alcidae", "s": "Auks are Northern Hemisphere seabirds convergent with penguins."}, "https://codexery.com/european-regions/e/european-regions/nova-scotia/": {"t": "Nova Scotia", "s": "Canada's most populous Atlantic province, rich in Mi'kmaq heritage and Scottish history."}, "https://codexery.com/u-s-states/e/u-s-states/maine/": {"t": "Maine", "s": "Northeasternmost state in the contiguous United States.", "i": "https://codexery.com/u-s-states/img/u-s-states/maine.webp", "c": "TylerKutschbach · CC BY-SA 4.0"}, "https://codexery.com/fifa-world-cup/e/honours/france/": {"t": "France", "s": "A global centre of art, science, cuisine and philosophy."}, "https://codexery.com/international-organizations-and-agreemen/e/international-organizations-and-agreements/international-union-for-conservation-of-nature/": {"t": "International Union for Conservation of Nature", "s": "Global authority on nature conservation and sustainable resource use."}, "https://codexery.com/biology-concepts/e/biology-concepts/moulting/": {"t": "Moulting", "s": "The process by which animals cast off parts of their body for beneficial purposes."}, "https://codexery.com/miscellaneous-birds/e/miscellaneous-birds/gull/": {"t": "Gull", "s": "Adaptable seabirds with complex social structures and global distribution."}, "https://codexery.com/miscellaneous-birds/e/miscellaneous-birds/guillemot/": {"t": "Guillemot", "s": "Seabirds known for pear-shaped eggs and cliffside colonies."}, "https://codexery.com/languages-and-dialects/e/languages-and-dialects/greek-language/": {"t": "Greek language", "s": "Greek is the world's oldest recorded living language."}, "https://codexery.com/stars-and-stellar-objects/e/stars-and-stellar-objects/constellation/": {"t": "Constellation", "s": "Patterns in the sky that guide stories and navigation."}, "https://codexery.com/constellations/e/constellations/ursa-major/": {"t": "Ursa Major", "s": "The Great Bear of the Northern Sky", "i": "https://codexery.com/constellations/img/constellations/ursa-major.webp", "c": "IAU and Sky & Telescope magazine (Roger Sinnott & Rick Fienberg) · via Wikipedia: Ursa Major · CC BY 3.0"}, "https://codexery.com/languages/e/languages/middle-english/": {"t": "Middle English", "s": "Middle English was the language of England after the Norman Conquest.", "i": "https://codexery.com/languages/img/languages/middle-english.webp", "c": "via Wikipedia: Middle English · see source"}, "https://codexery.com/sensory-systems/e/sensory-systems/iris-anatomy/": {"t": "Iris (anatomy)", "s": "Ring-shaped eye structure controlling pupil size and color."}, "https://codexery.com/former-danish-colonies/e/former-danish-colonies/orkney/": {"t": "Orkney", "s": "Archipelago off northern Scotland with Neolithic heritage and fertile farmland."}, "https://codexery.com/islands-and-archipelagos/e/islands-and-archipelagos/newfoundland-island/": {"t": "Newfoundland (island)", "s": "Large Canadian island, site of Norse settlement and England's oldest colony."}, "/e/birds-of-the-arctic/black-guillemot/": {"t": "Black guillemot", "s": "A circumpolar seabird of northern Atlantic and Arctic coasts."}, "/e/birds-of-the-arctic/common-murre/": {"t": "Common murre", "s": "A seabird that flies underwater and breeds on bare cliff ledges."}, "/e/birds-of-the-arctic/crested-auklet/": {"t": "Crested auklet", "s": "A small seabird with elaborate ornaments and a citrus scent."}, "/e/birds-of-the-arctic/least-auklet/": {"t": "Least auklet", "s": "Smallest auk and most abundant seabird in North America."}, "/e/birds-of-the-arctic/little-auk/": {"t": "Little auk", "s": "Small Arctic auk, key prey for Inuit and polar bears."}, "https://codexery.com/lines-hemispheres/e/lines-and-hemispheres/northern-hemisphere/": {"t": "Northern Hemisphere", "s": "The Northern Hemisphere contains most of the world's continents and major landmasses.", "i": "https://codexery.com/lines-hemispheres/img/lines-and-hemispheres/northern-hemisphere.webp", "c": "Sean Baker ( Marvin01 | talk ) · via Wikipedia: Northern Hemisphere · CC BY 2.0"}, "https://codexery.com/seas-and-oceans/e/seas-and-oceans/hudson-bay/": {"t": "Hudson Bay", "s": "A vast inland marginal sea of the Arctic Ocean in northeastern Canada."}, "https://codexery.com/lines-hemispheres/e/lines-and-hemispheres/southern-hemisphere/": {"t": "Southern Hemisphere", "s": "The Southern Hemisphere is Earth's southern half, mostly ocean."}, "https://codexery.com/bird-families/e/bird-families/anatidae/": {"t": "Anatidae", "s": "Family of water birds including ducks, geese, and swans."}, "/e/birds-of-the-arctic/brant-goose/": {"t": "Brant (goose)", "s": "A small goose with three subspecies, wintering on temperate coasts."}, "https://codexery.com/feathers/e/feathers/plumage/": {"t": "Plumage", "s": "The science and beauty of bird feathers, from moults to colour morphs."}, "https://codexery.com/medieval-european-legendary-creatures/e/medieval-european-legendary-creatures/barnacle-goose-myth/": {"t": "Barnacle goose myth", "s": "Medieval myth that geese hatched from barnacles, not eggs."}, "https://codexery.com/birds-of-north-america/e/birds-of-north-america/canada-goose/": {"t": "Canada goose", "s": "A large, adaptable goose native to North America."}, "https://codexery.com/genetic-disorders-with-no-omim/e/genetic-disorders-with-no-omim/leucism/": {"t": "Leucism", "s": "A condition causing partial pigmentation loss, not affecting eyes."}, "https://codexery.com/canids-and-hyaenids/e/canids-and-hyaenids/arctic-fox/": {"t": "Arctic fox", "s": "Small Arctic predator with the warmest fur of any mammal."}, "https://codexery.com/early-church-fathers-and-saints/e/early-church-fathers-and-saints/albertus-magnus/": {"t": "Albertus Magnus", "s": "Medieval philosopher, scientist, and Doctor of the Church who systematized Aristotle's works."}, "https://codexery.com/religious-practices-and-symbols/e/religious-practices-and-symbols/fasting/": {"t": "Fasting", "s": "Fasting: from metabolic state to religious ritual and political protest."}, "https://codexery.com/historical-eras/e/historical-eras/middle-ages/": {"t": "Middle Ages", "s": "The middle epoch between classical antiquity and the modern period.", "i": "https://codexery.com/historical-eras/img/historical-eras/middle-ages.webp", "c": "via Wikipedia: Middle Ages · see source"}, "/e/birds-of-the-arctic/greater-white-fronted-goose/": {"t": "Greater white-fronted goose", "s": "Migratory goose with distinctive white forehead and speckled breast."}, "/e/birds-of-the-arctic/king-eider/": {"t": "King eider", "s": "A large Arctic sea duck with a crown-like bill knob."}, "/e/birds-of-the-arctic/lesser-white-fronted-goose/": {"t": "Lesser white-fronted goose", "s": "A small, endangered goose with a distinctive yellow eye-ring."}, "/e/birds-of-the-arctic/long-tailed-duck/": {"t": "Long-tailed duck", "s": "Arctic sea duck known for deep diving and musical calls."}, "https://codexery.com/birds-of-prey-and-waterbirds/e/birds-of-prey-and-waterbirds/common-eider/": {"t": "Common eider", "s": "Large sea-duck known for its soft down and colonial breeding."}, "https://codexery.com/holarctic-birds/e/holarctic-birds/common-goldeneye/": {"t": "Common goldeneye", "s": "A diving duck with golden eyes and a bullheaded name.", "i": "https://codexery.com/holarctic-birds/img/holarctic-birds/common-goldeneye.webp", "c": "Dick Daniels ( http://theworldbirds.org/ ) · CC BY-SA 3.0"}, "/e/birds-of-the-arctic/great-skua/": {"t": "Great skua", "s": "A large, aggressive seabird that pirates food from other birds."}, "https://codexery.com/historical-figures/e/notable/carl-linnaeus/": {"t": "Carl Linnaeus", "s": "Father of modern taxonomy"}, "https://codexery.com/chemists-and-biochemists/e/chemists-and-biochemists/peter-simon-pallas/": {"t": "Peter Simon Pallas", "s": "Prussian naturalist and explorer of the Russian Empire"}, "https://codexery.com/historical-figures/e/notable/aristotle/": {"t": "Aristotle", "s": "Ancient Greek philosopher and polymath, founder of the Peripatetic school."}, "https://codexery.com/linguistic-concepts-and-phenomena/e/linguistic-concepts-and-phenomena/onomatopoeia/": {"t": "Onomatopoeia", "s": "Words that phonetically imitate the sounds they refer to."}, "https://codexery.com/carnivorans/e/carnivorans/american-mink/": {"t": "American mink", "s": "Semiquatic mustelid native to North America, widely introduced."}, "/e/birds-of-the-arctic/atlantic-puffin/": {"t": "Atlantic puffin", "s": "Seabird of the North Atlantic with a colorful beak."}, "/e/birds-of-the-arctic/turnstone/": {"t": "Turnstone", "s": "Stocky waders that overturn stones for invertebrate prey."}, "https://codexery.com/taxonomy-evolution/e/taxonomy-and-evolution/genus/": {"t": "Genus", "s": "A taxonomic rank above species and below family, used in biological classification."}, "https://codexery.com/bird-anatomy/e/bird-anatomy/cere/": {"t": "Cere", "s": "Fleshy base of the upper beak in raptors and owls."}, "https://codexery.com/peninsulas-and-capes/e/peninsulas-and-capes/alaska-peninsula/": {"t": "Alaska Peninsula", "s": "A rugged volcanic peninsula separating the Pacific from Bristol Bay, rich in wildlife and salmon.", "i": "https://codexery.com/peninsulas-and-capes/img/peninsulas-and-capes/alaska-peninsula.webp", "c": "James Brooks from Juneau, Alaska · CC BY 2.0"}, "https://codexery.com/mexican-states/e/mexican-states/baja-california/": {"t": "Baja California", "s": "Northwestern Mexican state, home to diverse geography and wine.", "i": "https://codexery.com/mexican-states/img/mexican-states/baja-california.webp", "c": "via Wikipedia: Baja California peninsula · see source"}, "https://codexery.com/latin-american-states-provinces/e/latin-american-states-provinces/sonora/": {"t": "Sonora", "s": "Northwestern Mexican state with arid geography and rich indigenous history."}, "https://codexery.com/latin-american-states-provinces/e/latin-american-states-provinces/nayarit/": {"t": "Nayarit", "s": "A Mexican state with Pacific coast, indigenous heritage, and agricultural economy."}, "https://codexery.com/u-s-states/e/u-s-states/montana/": {"t": "Montana", "s": "Big Sky Country"}, "https://codexery.com/u-s-states/e/u-s-states/wisconsin/": {"t": "Wisconsin", "s": "Upper Midwest state known for dairy, brewing, and swing-state politics."}, "https://codexery.com/u-s-states/e/u-s-states/nevada/": {"t": "Nevada", "s": "Landlocked Western state known for silver, gambling, and libertarian laws."}, "https://codexery.com/former-spanish-colonies/e/former-spanish-colonies/arizona/": {"t": "Arizona", "s": "Former Spanish colony, now a Southwestern U.S. state."}, "https://codexery.com/islands-and-archipelagos/e/islands-and-archipelagos/gal-pagos-islands/": {"t": "Galápagos Islands", "s": "Volcanic archipelago in the Eastern Pacific, part of Ecuador, famed for endemic species and Darwin's studies.", "i": "https://codexery.com/islands-and-archipelagos/img/islands-and-archipelagos/gal-pagos-islands.webp", "c": "via Wikipedia: Galápagos Islands · see source"}, "https://codexery.com/invertebrates/e/invertebrates/crustacean/": {"t": "Crustacean", "s": "Mandibulate arthropods with biramous limbs and a nauplius larval stage."}, "https://codexery.com/invertebrates/e/invertebrates/insect/": {"t": "Insect", "s": "Insects are the most diverse group of animals on Earth."}, "https://codexery.com/plant-families-taxonomy/e/plant-families-and-taxonomy/cyperaceae/": {"t": "Cyperaceae", "s": "Sedges are grass-like plants with triangular stems and diverse wetland habitats."}, "https://codexery.com/animal-behavior/e/animal-behavior/bird-nest/": {"t": "Bird nest", "s": "A bird nest is the spot for egg incubation and rearing young."}, "https://codexery.com/tree-species/e/tree-species/willow/": {"t": "Willow", "s": "Willows are diverse trees and shrubs of the genus Salix."}, "/e/birds-of-the-arctic/buff-breasted-sandpiper/": {"t": "Buff-breasted sandpiper", "s": "A small shorebird migrating from Arctic tundra to South American pampas."}, "/e/birds-of-the-arctic/dunlin/": {"t": "Dunlin", "s": "A circumpolar Arctic wader with a distinctive black belly."}, "/e/birds-of-the-arctic/eskimo-curlew/": {"t": "Eskimo curlew", "s": "Once abundant shorebird now critically endangered or possibly extinct."}, "/e/birds-of-the-arctic/little-stint/": {"t": "Little stint", "s": "A tiny Arctic-breeding wader that migrates to Africa and Asia."}, "/e/birds-of-the-arctic/long-billed-dowitcher/": {"t": "Long-billed dowitcher", "s": "A shorebird with a long bill and a disputed taxonomic history."}, "https://codexery.com/holarctic-birds/e/holarctic-birds/bar-tailed-godwit/": {"t": "Bar-tailed godwit", "s": "Longest non-stop migratory flight of any bird.", "i": "https://codexery.com/holarctic-birds/img/holarctic-birds/bar-tailed-godwit.webp", "c": "gailhampshire from Cradley, Malvern, U.K · CC BY 2.0"}, "https://codexery.com/specific-languages/e/specific-languages/icelandic-language/": {"t": "Icelandic language", "s": "A conservative North Germanic language with a rich literary heritage, spoken by about 390,000 people, primarily in Iceland."}, "https://codexery.com/feathers/e/feathers/covert-feather/": {"t": "Covert feather", "s": "Coverts are feathers that cover other feathers on birds.", "i": "https://codexery.com/feathers/img/feathers/covert-feather.webp", "c": "Chinmayee Mishra · CC BY-SA 4.0"}, "https://codexery.com/holarctic-birds/e/holarctic-birds/little-gull/": {"t": "Little gull", "s": "Smallest gull species, breeds on freshwater, winters at sea, and shares its genus with the least gull."}, "https://codexery.com/rivers-of-europe/e/rivers-of-europe/river-tyne/": {"t": "River Tyne", "s": "River in North East England, historically vital for coal and shipbuilding."}, "https://codexery.com/worms-and-worm-like-invertebrates/e/worms-and-worm-like-invertebrates/polychaete/": {"t": "Polychaete", "s": "Diverse marine annelids with bristle-bearing parapodia.", "i": "https://codexery.com/worms-and-worm-like-invertebrates/img/worms-and-worm-like-invertebrates/polychaete.webp", "c": "Cosmic73 · CC BY-SA 4.0"}, "https://codexery.com/chemistry-fundamentals/e/chemistry-fundamentals/ammonia/": {"t": "Ammonia", "s": "A colourless gas with a pungent smell, vital for fertilizers."}, "/e/birds-of-the-arctic/glaucous-gull/": {"t": "Glaucous gull", "s": "A large Arctic gull with pale plumage and no black on wings."}, "/e/birds-of-the-arctic/heuglin-s-gull/": {"t": "Heuglin's gull", "s": "A large gull breeding in Russian tundra and wintering across Asia and Africa."}, "/e/birds-of-the-arctic/iceland-gull/": {"t": "Iceland gull", "s": "Arctic-breeding gull named after Iceland but not breeding there."}, "/e/birds-of-the-arctic/ivory-gull/": {"t": "Ivory gull", "s": "A high-Arctic gull threatened by sea ice loss."}, "https://codexery.com/birds-of-subantarctic-islands/e/birds-of-subantarctic-islands/antarctic-tern/": {"t": "Antarctic tern", "s": "A non-migratory southern tern with six recognized subspecies."}, "/e/birds-of-the-arctic/barnacle-goose/": {"t": "Barnacle goose", "s": "A goose once believed to hatch from driftwood and barnacles."}, "https://codexery.com/u-s-states/e/u-s-states/georgia-u-s-state/": {"t": "Georgia (U.S. state)", "s": "Southern state, last of the Thirteen Colonies, civil rights hub.", "i": "https://codexery.com/u-s-states/img/u-s-states/georgia-u-s-state.webp", "c": "TylerKutschbach · CC BY-SA 4.0"}, "https://codexery.com/straits-channels-and-seas/e/straits-channels-and-seas/wadden-sea/": {"t": "Wadden Sea", "s": "Intertidal zone with rich bird life and UNESCO World Heritage status."}, "https://codexery.com/coastal-landforms/e/landforms/salt-marsh/": {"t": "Salt marsh", "s": "Tidal wetland dominated by salt-tolerant plants in the intertidal zone."}, "https://codexery.com/plant-families-taxonomy/e/plant-families-and-taxonomy/green-algae/": {"t": "Green algae", "s": "Green algae are the photosynthetic ancestors of all land plants."}, "https://codexery.com/coastal-and-fluvial-geomorphology/e/coastal-and-fluvial-geomorphology/estuary/": {"t": "Estuary", "s": "Transitional coastal ecosystems where freshwater meets saltwater."}, "https://codexery.com/seagrasses/e/seagrasses/zostera-marina/": {"t": "Zostera marina", "s": "The most widespread seagrass in the Northern Hemisphere.", "i": "https://codexery.com/seagrasses/img/seagrasses/zostera-marina.webp", "c": "Olivier Dugornay (Ifremer) · CC BY 4.0"}, "https://codexery.com/microbial-groups-and-extremophiles/e/microbial-groups-and-extremophiles/seaweed/": {"t": "Seaweed", "s": "Macroalgae vital to ocean ecology and human industry."}, "https://codexery.com/marine-green-macroalgae/e/marine-green-macroalgae/enteromorpha/": {"t": "Ulva (alga)", "s": "Edible green algae widely distributed in world oceans."}, "https://codexery.com/food-and-drink/e/food-and-drink/cereal/": {"t": "Cereal", "s": "Grasses cultivated for edible grain, global staple foods."}, "https://codexery.com/other-geographic-features/e/other-geographic-features/pampas/": {"t": "Pampas", "s": "Fertile low grasslands of southern South America, spanning Argentina, Uruguay, and Brazil."}, "https://codexery.com/geology-and-landforms/e/geology-and-landforms/coast/": {"t": "Coast", "s": "Coasts are dynamic boundaries between land and sea.", "i": "https://codexery.com/geology-and-landforms/img/geology-and-landforms/coast.webp", "c": "Syced · CC0"}, "https://codexery.com/biology-concepts/e/biology-concepts/habitat/": {"t": "Habitat", "s": "Habitat is the species-specific physical manifestation of its ecological niche."}, "https://codexery.com/biology-concepts/e/biology-concepts/hybrid-biology/": {"t": "Hybrid (biology)", "s": "Offspring from combining two different organisms through sexual reproduction."}, "https://codexery.com/indian-states/e/indian-states/kerala/": {"t": "Kerala", "s": "God's Own Country", "i": "https://codexery.com/indian-states/img/indian-states/kerala.webp", "c": "rajaraman sundaram · CC BY 3.0"}, "https://codexery.com/game-birds-and-waterfowl/e/game-birds-and-waterfowl/eurasian-woodcock/": {"t": "Eurasian woodcock", "s": "A cryptic woodland wader with 360-degree vision."}, "https://codexery.com/physical-geography-elevation/e/physical-geography-and-elevation/subarctic/": {"t": "Subarctic", "s": "Subarctic: a cold, sparsely populated region of taiga, permafrost, and mineral wealth."}, "https://codexery.com/feathers/e/feathers/down-feather/": {"t": "Down feather", "s": "The soft, insulating underlayer of feathers found beneath a bird's outer plumage.", "i": "https://codexery.com/feathers/img/feathers/down-feather.webp", "c": "Adenosine Triphosphate · CC BY-SA 4.0"}, "https://codexery.com/languages-and-dialects/e/languages-and-dialects/danish-language/": {"t": "Danish language", "s": "North Germanic language spoken by about 5.5 million people."}, "https://codexery.com/countries-and-regions/e/countries-and-regions/new-england/": {"t": "New England", "s": "Six-state region in northeastern U.S. with strong cultural identity."}, "https://codexery.com/rivers-and-seas-of-the-world/e/rivers-and-seas-of-the-world/bering-sea/": {"t": "Bering Sea", "s": "Marginal sea of the northern Pacific Ocean between Eurasia and the Americas.", "i": "https://codexery.com/rivers-and-seas-of-the-world/img/rivers-and-seas-of-the-world/bering-sea.webp", "c": "via Wikipedia: Bering Sea · Public domain"}, "https://codexery.com/seas-and-oceans/e/seas-and-oceans/sea-of-okhotsk/": {"t": "Sea of Okhotsk", "s": "Coldest sea in East Asia, seasonally ice-covered."}, "https://codexery.com/ecology-and-behavior/e/ecology-and-behavior/sexual-selection/": {"t": "Sexual selection", "s": "Evolution through mate choice and same-sex competition."}, "https://codexery.com/major-islands-and-archipelagos/e/major-islands-and-archipelagos/aleutian-islands/": {"t": "Aleutian Islands", "s": "Remote volcanic chain between the Bering Sea and the Pacific Ocean"}, "https://codexery.com/physiology-anatomy/e/physiology-and-anatomy/sex-organ/": {"t": "Sex organ", "s": "Organs involved in sexual reproduction across species."}, "https://codexery.com/biologists-naturalists/e/biologists-and-naturalists/robert-trivers/": {"t": "Robert Trivers", "s": "Evolutionary biologist who theorized reciprocal altruism and parental investment.", "i": "https://codexery.com/biologists-naturalists/img/biologists-and-naturalists/robert-trivers.webp", "c": "Lois Nelson · via Wikipedia: Robert Trivers · Public domain"}, "https://codexery.com/reproduction-development/e/reproduction-and-development/sexual-dimorphism/": {"t": "Sexual dimorphism", "s": "Condition where sexes differ in morphology beyond reproduction.", "i": "https://codexery.com/reproduction-development/img/reproduction-and-development/sexual-dimorphism.webp", "c": "Heidi Hopkins · CC BY 4.0"}, "https://codexery.com/ecology-and-behavior/e/ecology-and-behavior/parasitism/": {"t": "Parasitism", "s": "A close, harmful relationship where one organism exploits another.", "i": "https://codexery.com/ecology-and-behavior/img/ecology-and-behavior/parasitism.webp", "c": "Soebe · CC BY-SA 3.0"}, "https://codexery.com/mountains-and-mountain-ranges/e/mountains-and-mountain-ranges/alps/": {"t": "Alps", "s": "Major European mountain range spanning eight countries.", "i": "https://codexery.com/mountains-and-mountain-ranges/img/mountains-and-mountain-ranges/alps.webp", "c": "Terra (EOS AM-1) satellite · via Wikipedia: Alps · Public domain"}, "https://codexery.com/ecology-and-behavior/e/ecology-and-behavior/habitat-fragmentation/": {"t": "Habitat fragmentation", "s": "Habitat fragmentation divides habitats into smaller, isolated patches."}, "https://codexery.com/birds/e/birds/common-starling/": {"t": "Common starling", "s": "A glossy, mimicry-gifted bird with vast invasive populations."}, "https://codexery.com/miscellaneous-birds/e/miscellaneous-birds/curlew/": {"t": "Curlew", "s": "Long-billed waders with crescent-shaped bills and ancient lineage."}, "https://codexery.com/regions-cultural-spheres/e/regions-and-cultural-spheres/asia/": {"t": "Asia", "s": "Largest continent by area and population, cradle of many civilisations."}, "https://codexery.com/explorers/e/great-explorers/christopher-columbus/": {"t": "Christopher Columbus", "s": "Italian explorer who opened the Americas to European colonization.", "i": "https://codexery.com/explorers/img/great-explorers/christopher-columbus.webp", "c": "via Wikipedia: Christopher Columbus · see source"}, "https://codexery.com/landforms-and-regions/e/landforms-and-regions/great-plains/": {"t": "Great Plains", "s": "Broad North American flatland of prairie, steppe, and grassland.", "i": "https://codexery.com/landforms-and-regions/img/landforms-and-regions/great-plains.webp", "c": "via Wikipedia: Alluvial plain · see source"}, "https://codexery.com/u-s-states/e/u-s-states/texas/": {"t": "Texas", "s": "Second-largest U.S. state by area, but first in Fortune 500 headquarters and gross state product."}, "https://codexery.com/forza/e/story/british-isles/": {"t": "British Isles", "s": "The North Atlantic archipelago of Great Britain, Ireland and thousands of smaller islands.", "i": "https://codexery.com/forza/img/story/british-isles.webp", "c": "via Wikipedia: British Isles · see source"}, "https://codexery.com/islands/e/islands/wrangel-island/": {"t": "Wrangel Island", "s": "Arctic island refuge for wildlife and last mammoths."}, "https://codexery.com/musculoskeletal-system/e/musculoskeletal-system/tarsus-skeleton/": {"t": "Tarsus (skeleton)", "s": "Cluster of seven bones forming the ankle and hindfoot."}, "https://codexery.com/cities/e/capitals/ottawa/": {"t": "Ottawa", "s": "Canada's capital at the confluence of the Ottawa and Rideau Rivers."}, "https://codexery.com/countries-and-regions/e/countries-and-regions/ontario/": {"t": "Ontario", "s": "Canada's most populous province, home to Ottawa and Toronto."}, "https://codexery.com/holarctic-birds/e/holarctic-birds/common-gull/": {"t": "Common gull", "s": "A widespread Palearctic gull, migratory and adaptable.", "i": "https://codexery.com/holarctic-birds/img/holarctic-birds/common-gull.webp", "c": "Ankit0908 · CC BY-SA 4.0"}, "https://codexery.com/birds-of-subantarctic-islands/e/birds-of-subantarctic-islands/kelp-gull/": {"t": "Kelp gull", "s": "A Southern Hemisphere gull with black upper parts and white underparts."}, "https://codexery.com/holarctic-birds/e/holarctic-birds/lesser-black-backed-gull/": {"t": "Lesser black-backed gull", "s": "A migratory gull expanding in North America while declining in parts of Europe."}, "/e/birds-of-the-arctic/black-legged-kittiwake/": {"t": "Black-legged kittiwake", "s": "A pelagic gull named for its call, nesting on sheer cliffs."}, "https://codexery.com/birds-of-prey-and-waterbirds/e/birds-of-prey-and-waterbirds/arctic-tern/": {"t": "Arctic tern", "s": "Arctic tern: the animal with the longest known migration."}, "https://codexery.com/birds-of-the-pacific-ocean/e/birds-of-the-pacific-ocean/black-noddy/": {"t": "Black noddy", "s": "Seabird with black plumage and a white cap."}, "https://codexery.com/holarctic-birds/e/holarctic-birds/black-tern/": {"t": "Black tern", "s": "Small tern breeding in inland marshes of three continents.", "i": "https://codexery.com/holarctic-birds/img/holarctic-birds/black-tern.webp", "c": "Charles J. Sharp · CC BY-SA 4.0"}, "/e/birds-of-the-arctic/pomarine-jaeger/": {"t": "Pomarine jaeger", "s": "A seabird with disputed evolutionary origins and piratical feeding habits."}, "https://codexery.com/fifa-world-cup/e/honours/scotland/": {"t": "Scotland", "s": "A country of ancient kingdoms, rugged highlands, and deep lochs."}, "https://codexery.com/mammals/e/mammals/mammal/": {"t": "Mammal", "s": "Vertebrate class defined by mammary glands and three middle ear bones.", "i": "https://codexery.com/mammals/img/mammals/mammal.webp", "c": "Hannah Ritchie and Klara Auerbach · CC BY 4.0"}, "https://codexery.com/islands/e/islands/st-kilda-scotland/": {"t": "St Kilda, Scotland", "s": "Remote archipelago evacuated in 1930, now a World Heritage Site."}, "https://codexery.com/birds-of-the-pacific-ocean/e/birds-of-the-pacific-ocean/leach-s-storm-petrel/": {"t": "Leach's storm petrel", "s": "A small seabird of the tubenose order, known for its nocturnal breeding habits and long lifespan."}, "https://codexery.com/birds-of-subantarctic-islands/e/birds-of-subantarctic-islands/brown-skua/": {"t": "Brown skua", "s": "Heaviest skua species, known for complex taxonomy and human recognition."}, "https://codexery.com/bird-tribes/e/bird-tribes/anserini/": {"t": "Anserini", "s": "True geese of the genus Anser and their close relatives."}, "https://codexery.com/fifa-world-cup/e/honours/wales/": {"t": "Wales", "s": "A country of mountains, coast, and ancient culture, part of the United Kingdom."}, "https://codexery.com/english-counties/e/english-counties/gloucestershire/": {"t": "Gloucestershire", "s": "A ceremonial county in South West England, bisected by the River Severn and home to the Cotswolds, Forest of Dean, and Wye Valley."}, "https://codexery.com/ancient-inventions/e/ancient-inventions/sundial/": {"t": "Sundial", "s": "A device that tells time using the Sun's shadow or light."}, "https://codexery.com/game-birds-and-waterfowl/e/game-birds-and-waterfowl/emperor-goose/": {"t": "Emperor goose", "s": "A near-threatened goose with a scaled blue-gray body and white head."}, "https://codexery.com/game-birds-and-waterfowl/e/game-birds-and-waterfowl/ross-s-goose/": {"t": "Ross's goose", "s": "Smallest of North America's three white geese, named for Bernard R. Ross."}, "https://codexery.com/u-s-states/e/u-s-states/massachusetts/": {"t": "Massachusetts", "s": "A New England state with a rich colonial and revolutionary history.", "i": "https://codexery.com/u-s-states/img/u-s-states/massachusetts.webp", "c": "TylerKutschbach · CC BY-SA 4.0"}, "https://codexery.com/holarctic-birds/e/holarctic-birds/common-ringed-plover/": {"t": "Common ringed plover", "s": "A migratory plover of northern Eurasia and Greenland."}, "https://codexery.com/holarctic-birds/e/holarctic-birds/eurasian-dotterel/": {"t": "Eurasian dotterel", "s": "A small, tame wader with reversed sex roles."}, "https://codexery.com/peninsulas-and-isthmuses/e/peninsulas-and-isthmuses/kola-peninsula/": {"t": "Kola Peninsula", "s": "Large Russian peninsula inside the Arctic Circle, heavily industrialized.", "i": "https://codexery.com/peninsulas-and-isthmuses/img/peninsulas-and-isthmuses/kola-peninsula.webp", "c": "via Wikipedia: Kola Peninsula · see source"}, "https://codexery.com/peninsulas/e/peninsulas/taymyr-peninsula/": {"t": "Taymyr Peninsula", "s": "Northernmost mainland Eurasia, rich in indigenous cultures and ecology."}, "https://codexery.com/seas-and-oceans/e/seas-and-oceans/mediterranean-sea/": {"t": "Mediterranean Sea", "s": "Eponymous mediterranean sea enclosed by Africa, Asia, and Europe.", "i": "https://codexery.com/seas-and-oceans/img/seas-and-oceans/mediterranean-sea.webp", "c": "of the modification : Eric Gaba (Sting) · via Wikipedia: Mediterranean Sea · Public domain"}, "https://codexery.com/islands/e/islands/spitsbergen/": {"t": "Spitsbergen", "s": "Largest island of Svalbard, Arctic whaling and mining hub.", "i": "https://codexery.com/islands/img/islands/spitsbergen.webp", "c": "via Wikipedia: Spitsbergen · Public domain"}, "https://codexery.com/geology-and-landforms/e/geology-and-landforms/archipelago/": {"t": "Archipelago", "s": "A chain, cluster, or collection of islands.", "i": "https://codexery.com/geology-and-landforms/img/geology-and-landforms/archipelago.webp", "c": "NASA Goddard Space Flight Center · CC BY 2.0"}, "https://codexery.com/islands-and-archipelagos/e/islands-and-archipelagos/ellesmere-island/": {"t": "Ellesmere Island", "s": "Canada's northernmost island, a mountainous Arctic frontier with a rich archaeological record.", "i": "https://codexery.com/islands-and-archipelagos/img/islands-and-archipelagos/ellesmere-island.webp", "c": "via Wikipedia: Ellesmere Island · see source"}, "https://codexery.com/major-islands-and-archipelagos/e/major-islands-and-archipelagos/baffin-island/": {"t": "Baffin Island", "s": "Largest Canadian island, inhabited for at least 3,000 years."}, "https://codexery.com/seas-and-oceans/e/seas-and-oceans/labrador-sea/": {"t": "Labrador Sea", "s": "A marginal sea of the North Atlantic, key to deep-water formation and home to the vast NAMOC channel system."}, "https://codexery.com/straits-and-channels/e/straits-and-channels/davis-strait/": {"t": "Davis Strait", "s": "A southern arm of the Arctic Ocean between Greenland and Baffin Island, known for fierce tides and geological complexity."}, "https://codexery.com/cell-and-molecular-biology/e/cell-and-molecular-biology/mitochondrial-dna/": {"t": "Mitochondrial DNA", "s": "Mitochondrial DNA is a small, maternally inherited genome essential for energy conversion.", "i": "https://codexery.com/cell-and-molecular-biology/img/cell-and-molecular-biology/mitochondrial-dna.webp", "c": "National Human Genome Research Institute · via Wikipedia: Mitochondrial DNA · Public domain"}, "https://codexery.com/languages-and-dialects/e/languages-and-dialects/german-language/": {"t": "German language", "s": "German, known natively as Deutsch (pronounced [dɔɪ̯tʃ]), belongs to the West Germanic branch of the Indo-European language family and is spoken primarily across"}, "https://codexery.com/rivers-and-seas-of-the-world/e/rivers-and-seas-of-the-world/baltic-sea/": {"t": "Baltic Sea", "s": "The world's largest brackish water basin, an arm of the Atlantic enclosed by nine countries.", "i": "https://codexery.com/rivers-and-seas-of-the-world/img/rivers-and-seas-of-the-world/baltic-sea.webp", "c": "via Wikipedia: White Sea–Baltic Canal · see source"}, "https://codexery.com/european-regions/e/european-regions/pomerania/": {"t": "Pomerania", "s": "A historical Baltic region split between Poland and Germany, known for its coastal lowlands, lakes, and islands."}, "https://codexery.com/birds/e/birds/falcon/": {"t": "Falcon", "s": "Fast-flying raptors with exceptional vision and a global distribution."}, "https://codexery.com/rodents-small-mammals/e/rodents-and-small-mammals/lemming/": {"t": "Lemming", "s": "Small Arctic rodent known for population cycles and a persistent suicide myth."}, "https://codexery.com/feathers/e/feathers/flight-feather/": {"t": "Flight feather", "s": "Feathers enabling flight, with specialized roles across species."}, "https://codexery.com/feathers/e/feathers/afterfeather/": {"t": "Afterfeather", "s": "Feathers: complex integumentary structures for flight, insulation, and communication."}, "https://codexery.com/birds-of-north-america/e/birds-of-north-america/calcariidae/": {"t": "Calcariidae", "s": "A family of migratory passerines including longspurs and snow buntings."}, "https://codexery.com/birds/e/birds/finch/": {"t": "Finch", "s": "Small to medium-sized passerines with stout conical bills."}, "https://codexery.com/cultural-and-historical-regions/e/cultural-and-historical-regions/eastern-europe/": {"t": "Eastern Europe", "s": "A contested subregion with shifting cultural and political boundaries."}, "https://codexery.com/holarctic-birds/e/holarctic-birds/horned-lark/": {"t": "Horned lark", "s": "A widespread lark with distinctive black horns and a tinkling song."}, "https://codexery.com/geology/e/geology/ice-sheet/": {"t": "Ice sheet", "s": "Massive glacial ice covering land, driving sea level and climate.", "i": "https://codexery.com/geology/img/geology/ice-sheet.webp", "c": "Jeremy Harbeck (NASA) · CC BY 3.0"}, "https://codexery.com/meteorology/e/meteorology/summer/": {"t": "Summer", "s": "The hottest and brightest of the four temperate seasons.", "i": "https://codexery.com/meteorology/img/meteorology/summer.webp", "c": "Txllxt TxllxT · CC BY-SA 4.0"}, "https://codexery.com/islands-and-archipelagos/e/islands-and-archipelagos/novaya-zemlya/": {"t": "Novaya Zemlya", "s": "Arctic archipelago used as a major Soviet nuclear test site."}, "https://codexery.com/straits-and-channels/e/straits-and-channels/bering-strait/": {"t": "Bering Strait", "s": "Strait between Asia and North America, key to human migration theory."}, "https://codexery.com/physiology-medicine/e/physiology-and-medicine/thermoregulation/": {"t": "Thermoregulation", "s": "Organisms maintain body temperature within boundaries via homeostasis.", "i": "https://codexery.com/physiology-medicine/img/physiology-and-medicine/thermoregulation.webp", "c": "OpenStax College · CC BY 3.0"}, "https://codexery.com/feathers/e/feathers/supercilium/": {"t": "Supercilium", "s": "A stripe above the eye used to identify bird species."}, "https://codexery.com/economic-and-social-concepts/e/economic-and-social-concepts/political-correctness/": {"t": "Political correctness", "s": "Term for language avoiding offense, often used pejoratively."}, "https://codexery.com/fifa-world-cup/e/honours/hungary/": {"t": "Hungary", "s": "A landlocked Central European nation with a rich history, from the Kingdom of Hungary to EU membership."}, "https://codexery.com/russian-federal-subjects/e/russian-federal-subjects/karelia/": {"t": "Karelia", "s": "A historical region divided between Russia and Finland, known for its lakes, cultural heritage, and contested past."}, "https://codexery.com/rivers-and-seas-of-the-world/e/rivers-and-seas-of-the-world/black-sea/": {"t": "Black Sea", "s": "Marginal sea between Europe and Asia with anoxic deep waters.", "i": "https://codexery.com/rivers-and-seas-of-the-world/img/rivers-and-seas-of-the-world/black-sea.webp", "c": "via Wikipedia: Black Sea · see source"}}