{"https://codexery.com/historical-figures/e/explorers/andrew-carnegie/": {"t": "Andrew Carnegie", "s": "Scottish-American industrialist and philanthropist who led the expansion of the American steel industry.", "i": "https://codexery.com/historical-figures/img/explorers/andrew-carnegie.webp", "c": "Theodore C. Marceau · via Wikipedia: Andrew Carnegie · Public domain"}, "https://codexery.com/agriculture-food/e/agriculture-and-food/agricultural-science/": {"t": "Agricultural science", "s": "Multidisciplinary field applying science to agriculture."}, "https://codexery.com/biology-concepts/e/biology-concepts/mutation/": {"t": "Mutation", "s": "Mutations are alterations in DNA sequence driving evolution and disease."}, "https://codexery.com/great-collapses/e/great-collapses/the-irish-famine/": {"t": "The Irish Famine", "s": "A period of mass starvation and disease in Ireland from 1845 to 1852, marked by profound demographic and political change."}, "https://codexery.com/companies-and-brands/e/companies-and-brands/mcdonald-s/": {"t": "McDonald's", "s": "The world's largest fast food chain, serving billions since 1940.", "i": "https://codexery.com/companies-and-brands/img/companies-and-brands/mcdonald-s.webp", "c": "Dinkun Chen · CC BY-SA 4.0"}, "https://codexery.com/agriculture-food/e/agriculture-and-food/cultivar/": {"t": "Cultivar", "s": "A cultivated plant selected for desired, stable traits."}, "https://codexery.com/scientists-and-mathematicians/e/scientists-and-mathematicians/charles-darwin/": {"t": "Charles Darwin", "s": "English naturalist, geologist, and biologist who proposed the theory of evolution by natural selection."}, "https://codexery.com/biology-concepts/e/biology-concepts/hybrid-biology/": {"t": "Hybrid (biology)", "s": "Offspring from combining two different organisms through sexual reproduction."}, "https://codexery.com/historical-figures/e/notable/gregor-mendel/": {"t": "Gregor Mendel", "s": "Father of modern genetics, whose pea plant experiments revealed the laws of heredity."}, "https://codexery.com/genetics-and-genomics/e/genetics-and-genomics/heterosis/": {"t": "Heterosis", "s": "Hybrid vigor from genetic mixing of parents."}, "https://codexery.com/major-wars/e/major-wars/second-world-war/": {"t": "Second World War", "s": "Global conflict between Allies and Axis, deadliest in history."}, "https://codexery.com/common-plants-and-crops/e/common-plants-and-crops/pea/": {"t": "Pea", "s": "A cool-season legume grown for its edible seeds and pods."}, "https://codexery.com/genetics-and-genomics/e/genetics-and-genomics/genetic-recombination/": {"t": "Genetic recombination", "s": "Exchange of genetic material producing novel trait combinations."}, "https://codexery.com/miscellaneous/e/miscellaneous/bonfire/": {"t": "Bonfire", "s": "A large controlled outdoor fire for waste or religious feasts."}, "https://codexery.com/microbiology-and-cell-biology/e/microbiology-and-cell-biology/microbiology/": {"t": "Microbiology", "s": "Scientific study of microscopic organisms and their roles."}, "https://codexery.com/universities/e/universities/leiden-university/": {"t": "Leiden University", "s": "Oldest surviving university in the Netherlands, founded 1575."}, "https://codexery.com/cities/e/coastal/amsterdam/": {"t": "Amsterdam", "s": "Venice of the North"}, "https://codexery.com/universities-and-colleges/e/universities-and-colleges/delft-university-of-technology/": {"t": "Delft University of Technology", "s": "Leading Dutch technical university since 1842", "i": "https://codexery.com/universities-and-colleges/img/universities-and-colleges/delft-university-of-technology.webp", "c": "Ymblanter · CC BY-SA 4.0"}, "https://codexery.com/historical-figures/e/notable/robert-koch/": {"t": "Robert Koch", "s": "Founder of modern bacteriology and discoverer of the causative agents of tuberculosis, cholera, and anthrax."}, "https://codexery.com/inventors/e/great-inventors/louis-pasteur/": {"t": "Louis Pasteur", "s": "Father of bacteriology and pioneer of pasteurization", "i": "https://codexery.com/inventors/img/great-inventors/louis-pasteur.webp", "c": "via Wikipedia: Louis Pasteur · see source"}, "https://codexery.com/infectious-agents-and-pathogens/e/infectious-agents-and-pathogens/tobacco-mosaic-virus/": {"t": "Tobacco mosaic virus", "s": "The first discovered virus, a rod-shaped RNA pathogen that revolutionized virology."}, "https://codexery.com/chemistry-materials/e/chemistry-and-materials/nitrogen/": {"t": "Nitrogen", "s": "Nitrogen is a colourless, odourless diatomic gas forming 78% of Earth's air."}, "https://codexery.com/herbs-spices-medicinal/e/herbs-and-spices-and-medicinal/legume/": {"t": "Legume", "s": "Legumes are nitrogen-fixing plants vital for food and soil fertility."}, "https://codexery.com/geology-earth-surface/e/geology-and-earth-surface/soil-fertility/": {"t": "Soil fertility", "s": "Soil fertility is the capacity to support plant growth and yield."}, "https://codexery.com/animal-behavior/e/animal-behavior/symbiosis/": {"t": "Symbiosis", "s": "Close, long-term interactions between different species."}, "https://codexery.com/microbiology/e/microbiology/anaerobic-respiration/": {"t": "Anaerobic respiration", "s": "Respiration without oxygen, using alternative electron acceptors."}, "https://codexery.com/animal-behavior/e/animal-behavior/ethology/": {"t": "Ethology", "s": "Study of non-human animal behaviour combining laboratory and field science."}, "https://codexery.com/animal-biology-and-behavior/e/animal-biology-and-behavior/ornithology/": {"t": "Ornithology", "s": "Branch of zoology dedicated to the study of birds."}, "https://codexery.com/scientists-and-mathematicians/e/scientists-and-mathematicians/konrad-lorenz/": {"t": "Konrad Lorenz", "s": "Austrian scientist."}, "/e/biologists-and-naturalists/richard-dawkins/": {"t": "Richard Dawkins", "s": "Evolutionary biologist and prominent atheist author.", "i": "https://codexery.com/biologists-naturalists/img/biologists-and-naturalists/richard-dawkins.webp", "c": "via Wikipedia: List of biologists · see source"}, "https://codexery.com/animals/e/insects/honey-bee/": {"t": "Honey Bee", "s": "Wax-building, honey-storing social insects that keep farms and orchards pollinated."}, "https://codexery.com/animal-biology-and-behavior/e/animal-biology-and-behavior/sociobiology/": {"t": "Sociobiology", "s": "Field explaining social behavior through evolutionary biology and genetics."}, "https://codexery.com/medical-conditions/e/medical-conditions/major-depressive-disorder/": {"t": "Major depressive disorder", "s": "A mood disorder causing pervasive low mood and loss of interest."}, "https://codexery.com/psychologists-and-psychoanalysts/e/psychologists-and-psychoanalysts/john-bowlby/": {"t": "John Bowlby", "s": "British psychiatrist and psychoanalyst known for attachment theory"}, "https://codexery.com/medical-specialties/e/medical-specialties/immunology/": {"t": "Immunology", "s": "The study of immune systems in all organisms, from ancient observations to modern immunotherapy.", "i": "https://codexery.com/medical-specialties/img/medical-specialties/immunology.webp", "c": "Ashashyou · CC BY-SA 3.0"}, "https://codexery.com/surgery-trauma/e/surgery-and-trauma/chemotherapy/": {"t": "Chemotherapy", "s": "Systemic cancer treatment using cytotoxic drugs to inhibit cell division."}, "https://codexery.com/cell-and-molecular-biology/e/cell-and-molecular-biology/mast-cell/": {"t": "Mast cell", "s": "Ancient immune sentinels storing histamine and heparin.", "i": "https://codexery.com/cell-and-molecular-biology/img/cell-and-molecular-biology/mast-cell.webp", "c": "John Jennings · CC BY-SA 2.0"}, "https://codexery.com/medical-specialties/e/medical-specialties/hematology/": {"t": "Hematology", "s": "Branch of medicine focused on blood diseases and their treatment.", "i": "https://codexery.com/medical-specialties/img/medical-specialties/hematology.webp", "c": "DaCosta Jr., John C., 1871-1919. · Public domain"}, "https://codexery.com/danish-inventions/e/danish-inventions/gram-stain/": {"t": "Gram stain", "s": "A staining method that classifies bacteria into two groups."}, "https://codexery.com/german-inventions/e/german-inventions/arsphenamine/": {"t": "Arsphenamine", "s": "First effective treatment for syphilis and first modern antimicrobial."}, "https://codexery.com/infectious-diseases/e/infectious-diseases/diphtheria/": {"t": "Diphtheria", "s": "A bacterial infection causing a thick throat membrane; preventable by vaccine."}, "https://codexery.com/cities-on-rivers/e/cities-on-rivers/wroc-aw/": {"t": "Wrocław", "s": "Historical capital of Silesia on the Oder River."}, "https://codexery.com/infectious-diseases/e/infectious-diseases/tuberculosis/": {"t": "Tuberculosis", "s": "A contagious bacterial disease, historically called consumption, that remains a global killer."}, "https://codexery.com/german-states/e/german-states/hesse/": {"t": "Hesse", "s": "Landlocked German state, financial centre Frankfurt, named after the Chatti tribe."}, "https://codexery.com/cell-and-molecular-biology/e/cell-and-molecular-biology/red-blood-cell/": {"t": "Red blood cell", "s": "Vertebrate cells that deliver oxygen via hemoglobin.", "i": "https://codexery.com/cell-and-molecular-biology/img/cell-and-molecular-biology/red-blood-cell.webp", "c": "BruceBlaus. When using this image in external sources it can be cited as:\n\nBlausen.com staff (2014). \"Medical gallery of Blausen Medical 2014\". WikiJournal of M · via Wikipedia: Red blood cell · CC BY 3.0"}, "https://codexery.com/physiology-medicine/e/physiology-and-medicine/anemia/": {"t": "Anemia", "s": "A blood disorder reducing oxygen transport, affecting billions worldwide."}, "https://codexery.com/pathogenic-bacteria/e/pathogenic-bacteria/mycobacterium-tuberculosis/": {"t": "Mycobacterium tuberculosis", "s": "Mycobacterium tuberculosis, often called Koch’s bacillus, is the bacterium that causes tuberculosis."}, "https://codexery.com/diseases-and-conditions/e/diseases-and-conditions/smallpox/": {"t": "Smallpox", "s": "Eradicated viral disease that killed hundreds of millions."}, "https://codexery.com/pioneers-of-medicine/e/pioneers-of-medicine/kitasato-shibasabur/": {"t": "Kitasato Shibasaburō", "s": "Japanese bacteriologist who co-discovered the plague bacillus."}, "https://codexery.com/separation-and-purification-techniques/e/separation-and-purification-techniques/titration/": {"t": "Titration", "s": "A common laboratory method of quantitative chemical analysis to determine the concentration of an identified analyte."}, "https://codexery.com/polymers-and-macromolecules/e/polymers-and-macromolecules/macromolecule/": {"t": "Macromolecule", "s": "Molecules of high relative molecular mass with repeating structural units."}, "https://codexery.com/medical-specialties/e/medical-specialties/neurology/": {"t": "Neurology", "s": "Branch of medicine for nervous system disorders.", "i": "https://codexery.com/medical-specialties/img/medical-specialties/neurology.webp", "c": "Internet Archive Book Images · No restrictions"}, "https://codexery.com/universities/e/universities/johns-hopkins-university/": {"t": "Johns Hopkins University", "s": "First U.S. research university, founded by a Quaker philanthropist.", "i": "https://codexery.com/universities/img/universities/johns-hopkins-university.webp", "c": "Daderot · Public domain"}, "https://codexery.com/literary-works/e/literary-works/silent-spring/": {"t": "Silent Spring", "s": "The book that sparked a movement against chemical pesticides", "i": "https://codexery.com/literary-works/img/literary-works/silent-spring.webp", "c": "via Wikipedia: Rachel Carson · see source"}, "https://codexery.com/children-s-and-young-adult-literature/e/childrens-and-young-adult-literature/beatrix-potter/": {"t": "Beatrix Potter", "s": "English writer, illustrator, natural scientist, and conservationist."}, "https://codexery.com/historical-figures/e/notable/herman-melville/": {"t": "Herman Melville", "s": "American writer of the American Renaissance period, best known for Moby-Dick."}, "https://codexery.com/writers-poets/e/writers-and-poets/joseph-conrad/": {"t": "Joseph Conrad", "s": "Polish-British novelist who mastered English prose."}, "https://codexery.com/literary-giants/e/literary-giants/robert-louis-stevenson/": {"t": "Robert Louis Stevenson", "s": "Scottish novelist, poet, and travel writer, author of Treasure Island and Strange Case of Dr Jekyll and Mr Hyde.", "i": "https://codexery.com/literary-giants/img/literary-giants/robert-louis-stevenson.webp", "c": "via Wikipedia: Moral Emblems · see source"}, "https://codexery.com/genetics-and-genomics/e/genetics-and-genomics/genetics/": {"t": "Genetics", "s": "Study of genes and heredity"}, "https://codexery.com/rodents-and-small-mammals/e/rodents-and-small-mammals/squirrel/": {"t": "Squirrel", "s": "Small rodents with bushy tails, found worldwide except polar regions."}, "https://codexery.com/aquarium-and-aquatic-plants/e/aquarium-and-aquatic-plants/aquatic-ecosystem/": {"t": "Aquatic ecosystem", "s": "Aquatic ecosystems are communities of life in and around water bodies."}, "https://codexery.com/magazines-newspapers/e/magazines-and-newspapers/the-atlantic/": {"t": "The Atlantic", "s": "A literary magazine turned general-interest publication.", "i": "https://codexery.com/magazines-newspapers/img/magazines-and-newspapers/the-atlantic.webp", "c": "PCN02WPS · CC BY-SA 4.0"}, "https://codexery.com/media-and-publishing/e/media-and-publishing/nature-journal/": {"t": "Nature (journal)", "s": "British weekly journal of peer-reviewed natural science research.", "i": "https://codexery.com/media-and-publishing/img/media-and-publishing/nature-journal.webp", "c": "Salwa Farwaneh · CC BY-SA 4.0"}, "https://codexery.com/world-war-ii-and-its-aftermath/e/world-war-ii-and-its-aftermath/atomic-bombings-of-hiroshima-and-nagasaki/": {"t": "Atomic bombings of Hiroshima and Nagasaki", "s": "First and only nuclear attacks in war, ending World War II.", "i": "https://codexery.com/world-war-ii-and-its-aftermath/img/world-war-ii-and-its-aftermath/atomic-bombings-of-hiroshima-and-nagasaki.webp", "c": "Government Printing Office · Public domain"}, "https://codexery.com/magazines-newspapers/e/magazines-and-newspapers/reader-s-digest/": {"t": "Reader's Digest", "s": "Life well shared", "i": "https://codexery.com/magazines-newspapers/img/magazines-and-newspapers/reader-s-digest.webp", "c": "Raimond Spekking · CC BY-SA 4.0"}, "https://codexery.com/geology-and-landforms/e/geology-and-landforms/coast/": {"t": "Coast", "s": "Coasts are dynamic boundaries between land and sea.", "i": "https://codexery.com/geology-and-landforms/img/geology-and-landforms/coast.webp", "c": "Syced · CC0"}, "https://codexery.com/u-s-states/e/u-s-states/maine/": {"t": "Maine", "s": "Northeasternmost state in the contiguous United States.", "i": "https://codexery.com/u-s-states/img/u-s-states/maine.webp", "c": "TylerKutschbach · CC BY-SA 4.0"}, "https://codexery.com/media-and-publishing/e/media-and-publishing/time-magazine/": {"t": "Time (magazine)", "s": "A weekly news magazine that pioneered telling news through people."}, "https://codexery.com/historical-figures/e/notable/james-brown/": {"t": "James Brown", "s": "The Godfather of Soul and pioneer of funk music."}, "https://codexery.com/animal-anatomy/e/animal-anatomy/cell-nucleus/": {"t": "Cell nucleus", "s": "Membrane-bound organelle containing the cell's genome.", "i": "https://codexery.com/animal-anatomy/img/animal-anatomy/cell-nucleus.webp", "c": "Szajci · CC BY-SA 4.0"}, "https://codexery.com/plant-biology/e/plant-biology/pollination/": {"t": "Pollination", "s": "Pollination transfers pollen, enabling fertilization and seed production."}, "https://codexery.com/reproductive-biology/e/reproductive-biology/fertilisation/": {"t": "Fertilisation", "s": "Fusion of gametes initiating development of a new organism."}, "https://codexery.com/european-religious-and-political-conflic/e/european-religious-and-political-conflicts/jacobitism/": {"t": "Jacobitism", "s": "A political movement seeking restoration of the exiled House of Stuart after the Glorious Revolution."}, "https://codexery.com/explorers-of-the-americas/e/explorers-of-the-americas/mungo-park-explorer/": {"t": "Mungo Park (explorer)", "s": "Scottish explorer of West Africa and the Niger River."}, "https://codexery.com/peninsulas-and-cape-landforms/e/peninsulas-and-cape-landforms/cape-of-good-hope/": {"t": "Cape of Good Hope", "s": "Rocky headland on the Cape Peninsula, key to the Cape Route.", "i": "https://codexery.com/peninsulas-and-cape-landforms/img/peninsulas-and-cape-landforms/cape-of-good-hope.webp", "c": "Dietmar Rabich · CC BY-SA 4.0"}, "https://codexery.com/notable-mountains-and-peaks/e/notable-mountains-and-peaks/table-mountain/": {"t": "Table Mountain", "s": "Table Mountain (known in Khoekhoe as Huriǂoaxa, meaning \"sea-emerging,\" and in Afrikaans as Tafelberg) is a flat-topped mountain that stands as a defining landm", "i": "https://codexery.com/notable-mountains-and-peaks/img/notable-mountains-and-peaks/table-mountain.webp", "c": "via Wikipedia: List of mountain peaks by prominence · see source"}, "https://codexery.com/cities/e/coastal/cape-town/": {"t": "Cape Town", "s": "Legislative capital of South Africa, oldest city, and gateway to the Cape Floristic Region."}, "https://codexery.com/common-plants-and-crops/e/common-plants-and-crops/monocotyledon/": {"t": "Monocotyledon", "s": "Flowering plants with a single cotyledon, including grasses, grains, and many houseplants."}, "https://codexery.com/taxonomy-evolution/e/taxonomy-and-evolution/genus/": {"t": "Genus", "s": "A taxonomic rank above species and below family, used in biological classification."}, "https://codexery.com/science-measurement/e/science-and-measurement/microscope/": {"t": "Microscope", "s": "Instrument for viewing objects invisible to the naked eye.", "i": "https://codexery.com/science-measurement/img/science-and-measurement/microscope.webp", "c": "Chad Anderson, staff photographer for SFO Museum · CC BY-SA 2.0"}, "https://codexery.com/cell-and-molecular-biology/e/cell-and-molecular-biology/organelle/": {"t": "Organelle", "s": "Specialized subunit within a cell with a specific function."}, "https://codexery.com/traditional-knowledge/e/traditional-knowledge/traditional-ecological-knowledge/": {"t": "Traditional ecological knowledge", "s": "Culturally situated knowledge of human–environment relationships passed through generations."}, "https://codexery.com/u-s-states-and-territories/e/u-s-states-and-territories/wisconsin/": {"t": "Wisconsin", "s": "Upper Midwest state known for dairy, brewing, and swing-state politics."}, "https://codexery.com/u-s-states/e/u-s-states/kentucky/": {"t": "Kentucky", "s": "Landlocked Southeastern U.S. state, known for horses, bourbon, and coal.", "i": "https://codexery.com/u-s-states/img/u-s-states/kentucky.webp", "c": "TylerKutschbach · CC BY-SA 4.0"}, "https://codexery.com/traditional-knowledge/e/traditional-knowledge/ethnobotany/": {"t": "Ethnobotany", "s": "Interdisciplinary study of human-plant relationships and traditional knowledge."}, "/e/biologists-and-naturalists/rachel-carson/": {"t": "Rachel Carson", "s": "Marine biologist and writer who advanced the environmental movement.", "i": "https://codexery.com/biologists-naturalists/img/biologists-and-naturalists/rachel-carson.webp", "c": "via Wikipedia: Rachel Carson · see source"}, "https://codexery.com/psychologists-and-psychiatrists/e/psychologists-and-psychiatrists/hugo-m-nsterberg/": {"t": "Hugo Münsterberg", "s": "Pioneer of applied psychology and forensic psychology"}, "https://codexery.com/worms-and-worm-like-invertebrates/e/worms-and-worm-like-invertebrates/taenia-solium/": {"t": "Taenia solium", "s": "A tapeworm causing two distinct human infections."}, "https://codexery.com/universities/e/universities/leipzig-university/": {"t": "Leipzig University", "s": "One of the world's oldest universities, founded in 1409."}, "https://codexery.com/microbiology-and-immunology/e/microbiology-and-immunology/parasitology/": {"t": "Parasitology", "s": "Study of parasites, hosts, and their ecological and medical relationships."}, "/e/biologists-and-naturalists/rudolf-virchow/": {"t": "Rudolf Virchow", "s": "German physician who founded modern pathology and social medicine.", "i": "https://codexery.com/biologists-naturalists/img/biologists-and-naturalists/rudolf-virchow.webp", "c": "via Wikipedia: Rudolf Virchow · see source"}, "https://codexery.com/reproduction-and-development/e/reproduction-and-development/parthenogenesis/": {"t": "Parthenogenesis", "s": "A natural asexual reproduction from unfertilized eggs."}, "https://codexery.com/taxonomy-evolution/e/taxonomy-and-evolution/species/": {"t": "Species", "s": "Basic unit of classification and biodiversity."}, "https://codexery.com/ecology-and-behavior/e/ecology-and-behavior/symbiogenesis/": {"t": "Symbiogenesis", "s": "Theory that eukaryotic cells arose from symbiotic mergers of prokaryotes."}, "https://codexery.com/eukaryote-groups-and-taxonomy/e/eukaryote-groups-and-taxonomy/eukaryote/": {"t": "Eukaryote", "s": "Cellular organisms with a membrane-bound nucleus and organelles, including animals, plants, fungi, and protists."}, "/e/biologists-and-naturalists/robert-whittaker-ecologist/": {"t": "Robert Whittaker (ecologist)", "s": "American ecologist who redefined taxonomy and biome classification."}, "https://codexery.com/cell-and-molecular-biology/e/cell-and-molecular-biology/mitochondria/": {"t": "Mitochondria", "s": "Double-membraned organelles that produce cellular energy as ATP."}, "https://codexery.com/biochemistry-and-cell-biology/e/biochemistry-and-cell-biology/chloroplast/": {"t": "Chloroplast", "s": "The green powerhouses of plant and algal cells, evolved from ancient cyanobacteria."}, "https://codexery.com/algae-and-protists/e/algae-and-protists/flagellate/": {"t": "Flagellate", "s": "Organisms with whip-like flagella for motion and feeding."}, "https://codexery.com/philosophical-concepts-and-theories/e/philosophical-concepts-and-theories/emergence/": {"t": "Emergence", "s": "Emergence describes wholes with properties not found in their parts."}, "https://codexery.com/universities-and-colleges/e/universities-and-colleges/duke-university/": {"t": "Duke University", "s": "A private research university in Durham, North Carolina, founded in 1838.", "i": "https://codexery.com/universities-and-colleges/img/universities-and-colleges/duke-university.webp", "c": "Ildar Sagdejev ( Specious ) · CC BY-SA 4.0"}, "https://codexery.com/pathogenic-bacteria/e/pathogenic-bacteria/borrelia/": {"t": "Borrelia", "s": "Genus of spirochete bacteria causing Lyme disease and relapsing fever."}, "https://codexery.com/u-s-states/e/u-s-states/massachusetts/": {"t": "Massachusetts", "s": "A New England state with a rich colonial and revolutionary history.", "i": "https://codexery.com/u-s-states/img/u-s-states/massachusetts.webp", "c": "TylerKutschbach · CC BY-SA 4.0"}, "https://codexery.com/medical-conditions/e/medical-conditions/stroke/": {"t": "Stroke", "s": "A medical emergency caused by interrupted blood flow to the brain."}, "https://codexery.com/infectious-diseases/e/infectious-diseases/influenza/": {"t": "Influenza", "s": "A viral respiratory disease causing seasonal epidemics and pandemics."}, "https://codexery.com/historical-figures/e/notable/h-g-wells/": {"t": "H. G. 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Newton", "s": "Co-founder of the Black Panther Party and revolutionary activist.", "i": "https://codexery.com/revolutionaries-and-activists-of-the-ame/img/revolutionaries-and-activists-of-the-americas/huey-p-newton.webp", "c": "Jacket design not credited · Public domain"}, "https://codexery.com/criminals-outlaws/e/criminals-and-outlaws/jeffrey-epstein/": {"t": "Jeffrey Epstein", "s": "Financier convicted of sex crimes; died in custody."}, "https://codexery.com/ecology-and-behavior/e/ecology-and-behavior/biome/": {"t": "Biome", "s": "A biome is a region defined by climate, vegetation, and animal life.", "i": "https://codexery.com/ecology-and-behavior/img/ecology-and-behavior/biome.webp", "c": "Frankemann · CC BY-SA 4.0"}, "https://codexery.com/us-cities/e/us-cities/topeka-kansas/": {"t": "Topeka, Kansas", "s": "Capital of Kansas and site of landmark desegregation case."}, "https://codexery.com/historical-figures/e/notable/ernst-haeckel/": {"t": "Ernst Haeckel", "s": "German zoologist, artist, and popularizer of Darwin who coined 'ecology' and the 'Biogenetic Law'."}, "https://codexery.com/historical-figures/e/scientists/franz-boas/": {"t": "Franz Boas", "s": "Father of American Anthropology and pioneer of cultural relativism"}, "https://codexery.com/medical-pioneers/e/medical-pioneers/william-osler/": {"t": "William Osler", "s": "Canadian physician who created the first residency program for physicians."}, "https://codexery.com/universities-and-colleges/e/universities-and-colleges/humboldt-university-of-berlin/": {"t": "Humboldt University of Berlin", "s": "Public research university pioneering the Humboldtian model of higher education."}, "https://codexery.com/public-health-and-epidemiology/e/public-health-and-epidemiology/public-health/": {"t": "Public health", "s": "Science and art of preventing disease through organized societal efforts."}, "https://codexery.com/european-prime-ministers-and-statesmen/e/european-prime-ministers-and-statesmen/otto-von-bismarck/": {"t": "Otto von Bismarck", "s": "Prussian statesman who unified Germany and became its first chancellor."}, "https://codexery.com/injuries-and-conditions/e/injuries-and-conditions/thrombosis/": {"t": "Thrombosis", "s": "Formation of a blood clot obstructing blood flow.", "i": "https://codexery.com/injuries-and-conditions/img/injuries-and-conditions/thrombosis.webp", "c": "James Heilman, MD · CC BY-SA 3.0"}, "https://codexery.com/congenital-disorders/e/congenital-disorders/agenesis/": {"t": "Agenesis", "s": "Failure of an organ to develop during embryonic growth.", "i": "https://codexery.com/congenital-disorders/img/congenital-disorders/agenesis.webp", "c": "Hariadhi · CC BY-SA 4.0"}, "https://codexery.com/pioneers-of-medicine/e/pioneers-of-medicine/ignaz-semmelweis/": {"t": "Ignaz Semmelweis", "s": "Hungarian doctor who proved hand washing reduced childbed fever.", "i": "https://codexery.com/pioneers-of-medicine/img/pioneers-of-medicine/ignaz-semmelweis.webp", "c": "OTFW , Berlin · CC BY-SA 3.0"}, "https://codexery.com/european-regions/e/european-regions/pomerania/": {"t": "Pomerania", "s": "A historical Baltic region split between Poland and Germany, known for its coastal lowlands, lakes, and islands."}, "https://codexery.com/fifa-world-cup/e/honours/poland/": {"t": "Poland", "s": "A Central European nation with a rich history, from the Piast dynasty to the Solidarity movement."}, "https://codexery.com/physiology-medicine/e/physiology-and-medicine/antibiotic/": {"t": "Antibiotic", "s": "Antibiotics are antimicrobial substances active against bacteria."}, "https://codexery.com/dynasties-and-kingdoms/e/dynasties-and-kingdoms/russian-empire/": {"t": "Russian Empire", "s": "Third-largest empire in history, spanning northern Eurasia."}, "https://codexery.com/ukrainian-oblasts/e/ukrainian-oblasts/vinnytsia-oblast/": {"t": "Vinnytsia Oblast", "s": "Central Ukrainian oblast with rich mineral resources and wartime tragedy."}, "https://codexery.com/cities-on-rivers/e/cities-on-rivers/odesa/": {"t": "Odesa", "s": "Pearl by the Sea"}, "https://codexery.com/medications-and-pharmacology/e/medications-and-pharmacology/penicillin/": {"t": "Penicillin", "s": "A group of β-lactam antibiotics from Penicillium moulds."}, "https://codexery.com/red-wine-grape-varieties/e/red-wine-grape-varieties/concord-grape/": {"t": "Concord grape", "s": "A slip-skin hybrid grape used for juice, jelly, and wine."}}