{"https://codexery.com/fifa-world-cup/e/honours/soviet-union/": {"t": "Soviet Union", "s": "The world's flagship communist state and a superpower spanning Eurasia."}, "https://codexery.com/dynasties-and-kingdoms/e/dynasties-and-kingdoms/russian-empire/": {"t": "Russian Empire", "s": "Third-largest empire in history, spanning northern Eurasia."}, "https://codexery.com/construction-and-engineering/e/construction-and-engineering/shipbuilding/": {"t": "Shipbuilding", "s": "The construction of ships and other floating vessels, from ancient rafts to modern steel vessels.", "i": "https://codexery.com/construction-and-engineering/img/construction-and-engineering/shipbuilding.webp", "c": "Fengyun Shi/ FBI · Public domain"}, "https://codexery.com/major-wars/e/major-wars/second-world-war/": {"t": "Second World War", "s": "Global conflict between Allies and Axis, deadliest in history."}, "https://codexery.com/cities/e/landmark-cities/moscow/": {"t": "Moscow", "s": "Capital of Russia, largest city in Europe, and a historic center of power and culture."}, "https://codexery.com/languages-and-dialects/e/languages-and-dialects/english-language/": {"t": "English language", "s": "A West Germanic language that became the world's lingua franca."}, "https://codexery.com/rivers/e/rivers/volga/": {"t": "Volga", "s": "Europe's longest river, flowing through Russia into the Caspian Sea."}, "https://codexery.com/rivers-and-seas-of-the-world/e/rivers-and-seas-of-the-world/caspian-sea/": {"t": "Caspian Sea", "s": "The world's largest inland body of water, a brackish sea between Europe and Asia.", "i": "https://codexery.com/rivers-and-seas-of-the-world/img/rivers-and-seas-of-the-world/caspian-sea.webp", "c": "NASA · Public domain"}, "https://codexery.com/olympic-games/e/olympic-games/1980-summer-olympics/": {"t": "1980 Summer Olympics", "s": "The 1980 Summer Olympics in Moscow were marked by a U.S.-led boycott of 66 nations due to the Soviet–Afghan War, resulting in the smallest participation since 1"}, "https://codexery.com/nirvana/e/places/seattle/": {"t": "Seattle", "s": "A rain-drenched crucible where the sound of a generation was forged in feedback and fog."}, "https://codexery.com/modern-conflicts/e/modern-conflicts/world-war-i/": {"t": "World War I", "s": "Global conflict between Allies and Central Powers, 1914–1918."}, "https://codexery.com/fifa-world-cup/e/honours/france/": {"t": "France", "s": "A global centre of art, science, cuisine and philosophy."}, "https://codexery.com/transportation/e/transportation/helicopter/": {"t": "Helicopter", "s": "A rotorcraft achieving vertical flight via horizontally spinning rotors."}, "https://codexery.com/universities-and-colleges/e/universities-and-colleges/delft-university-of-technology/": {"t": "Delft University of Technology", "s": "Leading Dutch technical university since 1842", "i": "https://codexery.com/universities-and-colleges/img/universities-and-colleges/delft-university-of-technology.webp", "c": "Ymblanter · CC BY-SA 4.0"}, "https://codexery.com/aircraft-components/e/aircraft-components/boundary-layer/": {"t": "Boundary layer", "s": "Thin fluid layer near a surface where viscous forces dominate.", "i": "https://codexery.com/aircraft-components/img/aircraft-components/boundary-layer.webp", "c": "Olivier Cleynen · CC0"}, "https://codexery.com/aircraft-components/e/aircraft-components/angle-of-attack/": {"t": "Angle of attack", "s": "Angle between a body's reference line and oncoming flow."}, "https://codexery.com/materials/e/materials/fiberglass/": {"t": "Fiberglass", "s": "A versatile composite material of glass fiber and plastic matrix."}, "https://codexery.com/polymers-and-macromolecules/e/polymers-and-macromolecules/poly-methyl-methacrylate/": {"t": "Poly(methyl methacrylate)", "s": "A transparent thermoplastic used as a shatter-resistant glass alternative."}, "https://codexery.com/transportation-engineering/e/transportation-engineering/aircraft-engine/": {"t": "Aircraft engine", "s": "Power component of aircraft propulsion systems.", "i": "https://codexery.com/transportation-engineering/img/transportation-engineering/aircraft-engine.webp", "c": "Hmvh · CC BY-SA 4.0"}, "https://codexery.com/discovery-and-invention-controversies/e/discovery-and-invention-controversies/jet-engine/": {"t": "Jet engine", "s": "Reaction engine discharging heated gas to produce thrust."}, "https://codexery.com/beer-brands/e/beer-brands/coors-brewing-company/": {"t": "Coors Brewing Company", "s": "A historic American brewery known for its Rocky Mountain heritage."}, "https://codexery.com/beer-brands/e/beer-brands/budweiser/": {"t": "Budweiser", "s": "A filtered lager brewed with rice, sold globally."}, "https://codexery.com/thunderball/e/thunderball/james-bond/": {"t": "James Bond", "s": "Fictional British Secret Service agent, code number 007."}, "https://codexery.com/physiology-medicine/e/physiology-and-medicine/aneurysm/": {"t": "Aneurysm", "s": "An abnormal bulging of a blood vessel wall due to a weak spot."}, "https://codexery.com/explorers-navigators/e/explorers-and-navigators/charles-lindbergh/": {"t": "Charles Lindbergh", "s": "Aviator who made the first solo nonstop flight across the Atlantic."}, "https://codexery.com/world-heritage-sites-in-germany/e/world-heritage-sites-in-germany/eisleben/": {"t": "Eisleben", "s": "Town in Saxony-Anhalt, birthplace and death place of Martin Luther."}, "https://codexery.com/media-and-publishing/e/media-and-publishing/time-magazine/": {"t": "Time (magazine)", "s": "A weekly news magazine that pioneered telling news through people."}, "https://codexery.com/philanthropists-and-socialites/e/philanthropists-and-socialites/du-pont-family/": {"t": "Du Pont family", "s": "Prominent American family founded in gunpowder, later chemicals and autos."}, "https://codexery.com/supernatural/e/world/new-orleans-louisiana/": {"t": "New Orleans, Louisiana", "s": "The Crescent City on the Mississippi, where Creole culture, Voodoo and Mardi Gras grew up together.", "i": "https://codexery.com/supernatural/img/world/new-orleans-louisiana.webp", "c": "via Wikipedia: New Orleans · see source"}, "https://codexery.com/warplanes/e/warplanes/b-2-spirit/": {"t": "B-2 Spirit", "s": "The stealth bomber that redefined strategic air power."}, "https://codexery.com/mechanics-and-fluid-dynamics/e/mechanics-and-fluid-dynamics/laminar-flow/": {"t": "Laminar flow", "s": "Smooth, layered fluid motion without mixing or eddies."}, "https://codexery.com/cities/e/landmark-cities/new-york-city/": {"t": "New York City", "s": "The most populous city in the United States, a global center of finance, culture, and diplomacy."}, "https://codexery.com/discovery-and-invention-controversies/e/discovery-and-invention-controversies/early-flying-machines/": {"t": "Early flying machines", "s": "Early flying machines span legends, kites, balloons, and Renaissance designs, with many claims debated by historians."}, "https://codexery.com/egyptian-inventions/e/egyptian-inventions/prosthesis/": {"t": "Prosthesis", "s": "Artificial devices replacing missing body parts."}, "https://codexery.com/historical-figures/e/artists/wilhelm-busch/": {"t": "Wilhelm Busch", "s": "Forefather of Comics", "i": "https://codexery.com/historical-figures/img/artists/wilhelm-busch.webp", "c": "Wilhelm Busch · via Wikipedia: Wilhelm Busch · Public domain"}, "https://codexery.com/inventors-killed-by-their-own-invention/e/inventors-killed-by-their-own-invention/otto-lilienthal/": {"t": "Otto Lilienthal", "s": "First person to make repeated, documented successful glider flights."}, "https://codexery.com/sports-and-games/e/sports-and-games/discus-throw/": {"t": "Discus throw", "s": "Ancient throwing event revived for the modern Olympic Games."}, "https://codexery.com/swimming-at-the-summer-olympics/e/swimming-at-the-summer-olympics/olympic-size-swimming-pool/": {"t": "Olympic-size swimming pool", "s": "Standard pool for Olympic and World Championship swimming events."}, "https://codexery.com/italian-inventions/e/italian-inventions/bossi-bonomi-pedaliante/": {"t": "Bossi-Bonomi Pedaliante", "s": "Italian human-powered aircraft credited with an early 1 km flight."}, "https://codexery.com/languages/e/languages/italian-language/": {"t": "Italian language", "s": "A Romance language of the Indo-European family, standardised from literary Florentine Tuscan."}, "https://codexery.com/u-s-states/e/u-s-states/ohio/": {"t": "Ohio", "s": "Midwestern U.S. state, birthplace of seven presidents and aviation."}, "https://codexery.com/inventors/e/great-inventors/the-wright-brothers/": {"t": "The Wright brothers", "s": "American aviation pioneers who invented, built, and flew the world's first successful airplane."}, "/e/aviation-inventors/giuseppe-mario-bellanca/": {"t": "Giuseppe Mario Bellanca", "s": "Italian-American aviation pioneer known for innovative aircraft designs and long-distance records.", "i": "https://codexery.com/aviation-inventors/img/aviation-inventors/giuseppe-mario-bellanca.webp", "c": "Unknown author · Public domain"}, "https://codexery.com/drone-regulation/e/drone-regulation/flight-instructor/": {"t": "Flight instructor", "s": "Flight instructors teach and evaluate aviators for higher pilot certificates."}, "https://codexery.com/italian-fascism/e/italian-fascism/italian-fascism/": {"t": "Italian fascism", "s": "Original fascist ideology developed in Italy by Mussolini and Gentile."}, "https://codexery.com/italian-inventions/e/italian-inventions/electroplating/": {"t": "Electroplating", "s": "Italian chemist invented electroplating in 1805 using Volta's pile."}, "https://codexery.com/piracy/e/piracy/rum-running/": {"t": "Rum-running", "s": "Illegal smuggling of alcohol to evade taxes or prohibition."}, "https://codexery.com/philadelphia-76ers/e/stadiums/philadelphia/": {"t": "Philadelphia", "s": "The gritty, soulful city where the Sixers legacy is forged in fire and celebrated with unmatched passion."}, "https://codexery.com/countries-and-regions/e/countries-and-regions/pennsylvania/": {"t": "Pennsylvania", "s": "The Keystone State", "i": "https://codexery.com/countries-and-regions/img/countries-and-regions/pennsylvania.webp", "c": "Simtropolitan, Jean-Pierre Demailly (old version)\npermission=\n\n\n\nInsignia\n\nThis image shows a flag, a coat of arms, a seal or some other official insignia. The  · via Wikipedia: Pennsylvania · Public domain"}, "https://codexery.com/classical-mechanics/e/classical-mechanics/torque/": {"t": "Torque", "s": "Torque is the rotational analogue of linear force."}, "https://codexery.com/world-war-ii-and-its-aftermath/e/world-war-ii-and-its-aftermath/axis-powers/": {"t": "Axis powers", "s": "Military coalition that initiated World War II against the Allies.", "i": "https://codexery.com/world-war-ii-and-its-aftermath/img/world-war-ii-and-its-aftermath/axis-powers.webp", "c": "Sr L · CC0"}, "https://codexery.com/universities/e/universities/johns-hopkins-university/": {"t": "Johns Hopkins University", "s": "First U.S. research university, founded by a Quaker philanthropist.", "i": "https://codexery.com/universities/img/universities/johns-hopkins-university.webp", "c": "Daderot · Public domain"}, "https://codexery.com/human-variation-and-health/e/human-variation-and-health/medical-doctor/": {"t": "Medical doctor", "s": "Health professional who practices medicine to promote and restore health."}, "https://codexery.com/rebellions-against-the-united-states/e/rebellions-against-the-united-states/american-civil-war/": {"t": "American Civil War", "s": "Civil war between the Union and Confederacy over slavery and secession."}, "https://codexery.com/american-civil-war/e/american-civil-war/confederate-states-of-america/": {"t": "Confederate States of America", "s": "Unrecognized republic of 11 Southern states during the American Civil War."}, "https://codexery.com/radio-manufacturers/e/radio-manufacturers/general-electric/": {"t": "General Electric", "s": "American conglomerate formed from Edison and Thomson-Houston merger in 1892."}, "https://codexery.com/engineering-disciplines/e/engineering-disciplines/mechanical-engineering/": {"t": "Mechanical engineering", "s": "Engineering branch focused on force, motion, and mechanical systems."}, "https://codexery.com/world-heritage-sites-in-the-united/e/world-heritage-sites-in-the-united-states/university-of-virginia/": {"t": "University of Virginia", "s": "Founded by Thomas Jefferson, home to a UNESCO World Heritage Site."}, "https://codexery.com/historical-figures/e/notable/franklin-d-roosevelt/": {"t": "Franklin D. Roosevelt", "s": "32nd US president who led the nation through the Great Depression and World War II."}, "https://codexery.com/ancient-inventions/e/ancient-inventions/hydraulics/": {"t": "Hydraulics", "s": "Technology using pressurized liquids for power and control."}, "https://codexery.com/manufacturing-and-materials/e/manufacturing-and-materials/machine/": {"t": "Machine", "s": "From hand axe to steam engine: the evolution of machines that transform power into motion."}, "https://codexery.com/transportation/e/transportation/fixed-wing-aircraft/": {"t": "Fixed-wing aircraft", "s": "Heavier-than-air craft that fly using aerodynamic lift from fixed wings."}, "https://codexery.com/scientists-and-mathematicians/e/scientists-and-mathematicians/arthur-cayley/": {"t": "Arthur Cayley", "s": "English mathematician who founded abstract group theory and the Cayley–Hamilton theorem"}, "https://codexery.com/english-counties/e/english-counties/yorkshire/": {"t": "Yorkshire", "s": "God's own country"}, "https://codexery.com/chinese-inventions/e/chinese-inventions/gunpowder/": {"t": "Gunpowder", "s": "Earliest chemical explosive, used as propellant and blasting agent."}, "https://codexery.com/greek-inventions/e/greek-inventions/theatre/": {"t": "Theatre", "s": "Collaborative live performance art before an audience."}, "https://codexery.com/optics-and-color/e/optics-and-color/optics/": {"t": "Optics", "s": "Branch of physics studying light and electromagnetic radiation.", "i": "https://codexery.com/optics-and-color/img/optics-and-color/optics.webp", "c": "OpticalSystem · Public domain"}, "https://codexery.com/geomorphology/e/geomorphology/land-reclamation/": {"t": "Land reclamation", "s": "Creating new land from water bodies for human use.", "i": "https://codexery.com/geomorphology/img/geomorphology/land-reclamation.webp", "c": "Fabian Horst · CC BY-SA 4.0"}, "https://codexery.com/aircraft-components/e/aircraft-components/airfoil/": {"t": "Airfoil", "s": "A streamlined body generating more lift than drag."}, "https://codexery.com/canadian-inventions/e/canadian-inventions/imax/": {"t": "IMAX", "s": "Proprietary large-format cinema system with immersive, tall screens."}, "https://codexery.com/explorers-of-the-americas-and-pacific/e/explorers-of-the-americas-and-pacific/evliya-elebi/": {"t": "Evliya Çelebi", "s": "Ottoman explorer who wrote the ten-volume Seyahatnâme."}, "https://codexery.com/coastal-marine-geology/e/coastal-and-marine-geology/promontory/": {"t": "Promontory", "s": "A raised landmass projecting into lowland or water, often used for defense."}, "https://codexery.com/architectural-landmarks/e/architectural-landmarks/topkap-palace/": {"t": "Topkapı Palace", "s": "Ottoman administrative center and sultan's residence from the 1460s to 1853.", "i": "https://codexery.com/architectural-landmarks/img/architectural-landmarks/topkap-palace.webp", "c": "via Wikipedia: Topkapı Palace · see source"}, "https://codexery.com/cities/e/ancient-cities/istanbul/": {"t": "Istanbul", "s": "A city on two continents, bridging Europe and Asia."}, "https://codexery.com/transportation/e/transportation/glider-aircraft/": {"t": "Glider (aircraft)", "s": "A fixed-wing aircraft that flies without engine power, relying on rising air and dynamic lift."}, "https://codexery.com/american-educational-television-series/e/american-educational-television-series/mythbusters/": {"t": "MythBusters", "s": "Testing rumors and myths through scientific experimentation."}, "https://codexery.com/davy-crockett/e/davy-crockett/mythbusters-2009-season/": {"t": "MythBusters (2009 season)", "s": "MythBusters tested car chases, pykrete, and shooting around corners."}, "https://codexery.com/rivers-of-the-world/e/rivers-of-the-world/missouri-river/": {"t": "Missouri River", "s": "Longest U.S. river, key to westward expansion and Native American history.", "i": "https://codexery.com/rivers-of-the-world/img/rivers-of-the-world/missouri-river.webp", "c": "via Wikipedia: Missouri River · see source"}, "https://codexery.com/lakes-of-the-world/e/lakes-of-the-world/lake-michigan/": {"t": "Lake Michigan", "s": "The only Great Lake entirely within the United States, and the world's largest lake by area in a single country.", "i": "https://codexery.com/lakes-of-the-world/img/lakes-of-the-world/lake-michigan.webp", "c": "Michael Barera · CC BY-SA 4.0"}, "https://codexery.com/u-s-states/e/u-s-states/indiana/": {"t": "Indiana", "s": "Midwestern state known as the Hoosier State, admitted in 1816.", "i": "https://codexery.com/u-s-states/img/u-s-states/indiana.webp", "c": "Riker, Dorothy Lois, 1904; Indiana. Governor · Public domain"}, "https://codexery.com/diseases-and-conditions/e/diseases-and-conditions/pneumonia/": {"t": "Pneumonia", "s": "Inflammatory lung condition primarily affecting alveoli, caused by infection.", "i": "https://codexery.com/diseases-and-conditions/img/diseases-and-conditions/pneumonia.webp", "c": "Nephron · CC BY-SA 3.0"}, "https://codexery.com/fifa-world-cup/e/honours/romania/": {"t": "Romania", "s": "A country at the crossroads of Central and Southeastern Europe, rich in history and natural beauty."}, "https://codexery.com/discovery-and-invention-controversies/e/discovery-and-invention-controversies/coand-1910/": {"t": "Coandă-1910", "s": "Unconventional sesquiplane with ducted fan, not a jet."}, "https://codexery.com/classical-mechanics-and-dynamics/e/classical-mechanics-and-dynamics/fluid-dynamics/": {"t": "Fluid dynamics", "s": "Study of fluid flow, including liquids and gases."}, "https://codexery.com/cities-of-the-world/e/cities-of-the-world/bucharest/": {"t": "Bucharest", "s": "Capital and largest city of Romania, historically called 'Paris of the East'."}, "https://codexery.com/meteorology/e/meteorology/wind/": {"t": "Wind", "s": "The natural movement of air or other gases relative to a planet's surface."}, "https://codexery.com/scale-models-and-railroads/e/scale-models-and-railroads/g-harry-stine/": {"t": "G. Harry Stine", "s": "Founding figure of model rocketry and science fiction author."}, "https://codexery.com/u-s-states/e/u-s-states/massachusetts/": {"t": "Massachusetts", "s": "A New England state with a rich colonial and revolutionary history.", "i": "https://codexery.com/u-s-states/img/u-s-states/massachusetts.webp", "c": "TylerKutschbach · CC BY-SA 4.0"}, "https://codexery.com/warplanes/e/warplanes/sr-71-blackbird/": {"t": "SR-71 Blackbird", "s": "The Mach 3+ Blackbird that outran threats and set world records."}, "https://codexery.com/former-spanish-colonies/e/former-spanish-colonies/arizona/": {"t": "Arizona", "s": "Former Spanish colony, now a Southwestern U.S. state."}, "https://codexery.com/james-bond/e/factions/cia/": {"t": "CIA", "s": "America's shadow warriors: powerful allies and occasional rivals in the global spy game."}, "https://codexery.com/us-cities/e/us-cities/tucson-arizona/": {"t": "Tucson, Arizona", "s": "Second-largest city in Arizona, founded as a Spanish presidio in 1775."}, "https://codexery.com/apollo-11/e/apollo-11/neil-armstrong/": {"t": "Neil Armstrong", "s": "First human to walk on the Moon, Apollo 11 commander.", "i": "https://codexery.com/apollo-11/img/apollo-11/neil-armstrong.webp", "c": "Unknown authorUnknown author · via Wikipedia: Neil Armstrong · Public domain"}, "https://codexery.com/countries-and-territories/e/countries-and-territories/kenya/": {"t": "Kenya", "s": "East African nation with ancient human origins and diverse landscapes."}, "https://codexery.com/u-s-states/e/u-s-states/montana/": {"t": "Montana", "s": "Big Sky Country"}, "https://codexery.com/national-park-administrators/e/national-park-administrators/national-park-service/": {"t": "National Park Service", "s": "Preserving natural and historic resources for public enjoyment."}, "https://codexery.com/european-regions/e/european-regions/normandy/": {"t": "Normandy", "s": "The historic homeland of the Normans, spanning mainland France and the Channel Islands."}, "https://codexery.com/aircraft-components/e/aircraft-components/channel-wing/": {"t": "Channel wing", "s": "A half-tube wing principle using a ducted propeller for enhanced lift.", "i": "https://codexery.com/aircraft-components/img/aircraft-components/channel-wing.webp", "c": "Tech Sgt Dave Buttner, USAF; The original uploader was Ktr101 at English Wikiped · Public domain"}, "https://codexery.com/countries-and-regions/e/countries-and-regions/new-york-state/": {"t": "New York (state)", "s": "The Empire State: A global node of creativity, entrepreneurship, and natural wonder."}, "https://codexery.com/cities/e/modern-metropolis/toronto/": {"t": "Toronto", "s": "Canada's largest city and a global hub of multiculturalism, finance, and culture."}, "https://codexery.com/countries-and-regions/e/countries-and-regions/ontario/": {"t": "Ontario", "s": "Canada's most populous province, home to Ottawa and Toronto."}, "https://codexery.com/fifa-world-cup/e/culture/london/": {"t": "London", "s": "A global city on the Thames, London blends nearly 2,000 years of history with a vibrant, multicultural present."}, "https://codexery.com/wars-conflicts/e/wars-and-conflicts/russo-japanese-war/": {"t": "Russo-Japanese War", "s": "War between Russia and Japan over imperial ambitions in East Asia.", "i": "https://codexery.com/wars-conflicts/img/wars-and-conflicts/russo-japanese-war.webp", "c": "Imperial Instituto Artistico · Public domain"}, "https://codexery.com/cities-on-rivers/e/cities-on-rivers/saint-petersburg/": {"t": "Saint Petersburg", "s": "Russia's cultural capital and historic window to Europe."}, "https://codexery.com/machine-guns/e/machine-guns/synchronization-gear/": {"t": "Synchronization gear", "s": "A device allowing forward-firing guns to shoot through a spinning propeller arc.", "i": "https://codexery.com/machine-guns/img/machine-guns/synchronization-gear.webp", "c": "Unknown author · Public domain"}, "https://codexery.com/infectious-diseases/e/infectious-diseases/tuberculosis/": {"t": "Tuberculosis", "s": "A contagious bacterial disease, historically called consumption, that remains a global killer."}, "https://codexery.com/universities-and-colleges/e/universities-and-colleges/harvard-university/": {"t": "Harvard University", "s": "Oldest institution of higher learning in the United States.", "i": "https://codexery.com/universities-and-colleges/img/universities-and-colleges/harvard-university.webp", "c": "Harvard University · via Wikipedia: Harvard University · Public domain"}, "https://codexery.com/human-spaceflight-programs/e/human-spaceflight-programs/apollo-program/": {"t": "Apollo program", "s": "The United States human spaceflight program that landed the first humans on the Moon."}, "https://codexery.com/whitney-houston/e/places/newark-new-jersey/": {"t": "Newark, New Jersey", "s": "The city where a gospel child first opened her mouth and changed pop music forever.", "i": "https://codexery.com/whitney-houston/img/places/newark-new-jersey.webp", "c": "via Wikipedia: Whitney Houston · see source"}, "https://codexery.com/successful-space-missions/e/successful-space-missions/apollo-15/": {"t": "Apollo 15", "s": "First J mission with rover, deep-space spacewalk, and Genesis Rock.", "i": "https://codexery.com/successful-space-missions/img/successful-space-missions/apollo-15.webp", "c": "NASA · Public domain"}, "https://codexery.com/apollo-16/e/apollo-16/apollo-16/": {"t": "Apollo 16", "s": "Fifth crewed lunar landing, second J mission, explored Descartes Highlands."}, "https://codexery.com/successful-space-missions/e/successful-space-missions/apollo-17/": {"t": "Apollo 17", "s": "Final Apollo Moon landing, with the only geologist to walk on the Moon.", "i": "https://codexery.com/successful-space-missions/img/successful-space-missions/apollo-17.webp", "c": "NASA on The Commons · Public domain"}, "https://codexery.com/aircraft-components/e/aircraft-components/duramold/": {"t": "Duramold", "s": "A heat-and-pressure molded wood composite developed for lightweight aircraft structures."}, "https://codexery.com/exploration-colonization/e/exploration-and-colonization/dutch-east-indies/": {"t": "Dutch East Indies", "s": "Dutch colony that became modern Indonesia after war and negotiation.", "i": "https://codexery.com/exploration-colonization/img/exploration-and-colonization/dutch-east-indies.webp", "c": "Roger Veringmeier · CC BY-SA 4.0"}, "https://codexery.com/drone-regulation/e/drone-regulation/pilot-licencing/": {"t": "Pilot licencing", "s": "Pilot licensing certifies minimum knowledge and experience for aircraft operation."}, "https://codexery.com/historical-figures/e/leaders/manfred-von-richthofen/": {"t": "Manfred von Richthofen", "s": "German fighter pilot and ace-of-aces of World War I."}, "https://codexery.com/historical-figures/e/leaders/roland-garros-aviator/": {"t": "Roland Garros (aviator)", "s": "French aviation pioneer and World War I fighter pilot who made the first non-stop flight across the Mediterranean and helped develop forward-firing machine guns"}, "https://codexery.com/machine-guns/e/machine-guns/machine-gun/": {"t": "Machine gun", "s": "A fully automatic firearm for sustained direct fire support.", "i": "https://codexery.com/machine-guns/img/machine-guns/machine-gun.webp", "c": "Nafis Fuad Ayon · CC BY-SA 2.0"}, "https://codexery.com/explorers-of-the-americas/e/explorers-of-the-americas/richard-e-byrd/": {"t": "Richard E. Byrd", "s": "American naval officer and polar explorer who claimed first flights to both poles."}, "https://codexery.com/lines-hemispheres/e/lines-and-hemispheres/north-pole/": {"t": "North Pole", "s": "Northernmost point on Earth, located in the Arctic Ocean."}, "https://codexery.com/explorers/e/great-explorers/amelia-earhart/": {"t": "Amelia Earhart", "s": "American aviator and aviation pioneer.", "i": "https://codexery.com/explorers/img/great-explorers/amelia-earhart.webp", "c": "via Wikipedia: Amelia Earhart · see source"}, "https://codexery.com/explorers-navigators/e/explorers-and-navigators/charles-kingsford-smith/": {"t": "Charles Kingsford Smith", "s": "Australian aviation pioneer who made the first transpacific flight."}, "https://codexery.com/automotive-industry/e/automotive-industry/general-motors/": {"t": "General Motors", "s": "American multinational automaker headquartered in Detroit, owner of Chevrolet, Buick, GMC and Cadillac."}, "https://codexery.com/aircraft-components/e/aircraft-components/chord-aeronautics/": {"t": "Chord (aeronautics)", "s": "Chord is the width of an aerofoil section from leading to trailing edge.", "i": "https://codexery.com/aircraft-components/img/aircraft-components/chord-aeronautics.webp", "c": "Ashaio · CC0"}, "https://codexery.com/warplanes/e/warplanes/b-17-flying-fortress/": {"t": "B-17 Flying Fortress", "s": "The American four-engined heavy bomber that dropped more bombs than any other aircraft in World War II.", "i": "https://codexery.com/warplanes/img/warplanes/b-17-flying-fortress.webp", "c": "Unknown author Unknown author or not provided · Public domain"}, "https://codexery.com/warplanes/e/warplanes/b-29-superfortress/": {"t": "B-29 Superfortress", "s": "American heavy bomber that delivered atomic bombs in combat.", "i": "https://codexery.com/warplanes/img/warplanes/b-29-superfortress.webp", "c": "NASA Glenn Research Center · Public domain"}, "https://codexery.com/warplanes/e/warplanes/p-38-lightning/": {"t": "P-38 Lightning", "s": "Twin-boom fighter used across all roles in World War II."}, "https://codexery.com/english-counties/e/english-counties/cambridgeshire/": {"t": "Cambridgeshire", "s": "Flat fens, ancient history, and a world-renowned university."}, "https://codexery.com/january-uprising/e/january-uprising/january-uprising/": {"t": "January Uprising", "s": "A Polish-Lithuanian insurrection against Russian rule that began in 1863.", "i": "https://codexery.com/january-uprising/img/january-uprising/january-uprising.webp", "c": "via Wikipedia: January Uprising · see source"}, "https://codexery.com/radio-controlled-helicopters-and-model/e/radio-controlled-helicopters-and-model-aircraft/model-aircraft/": {"t": "Model aircraft", "s": "Physical models of aircraft for display, research, or amusement.", "i": "https://codexery.com/radio-controlled-helicopters-and-model/img/radio-controlled-helicopters-and-model-aircraft/model-aircraft.webp", "c": "Ank Kumar · CC BY-SA 4.0"}, "https://codexery.com/kerbal-space-program/e/lore/aerodynamic-drag/": {"t": "Aerodynamic Drag", "s": "The air pushing back on everything that moves through it."}, "https://codexery.com/inventors-killed-by-their-own-invention/e/inventors-killed-by-their-own-invention/aurel-vlaicu/": {"t": "Aurel Vlaicu", "s": "Romanian engineer and early aviation pioneer."}, "https://codexery.com/warplanes/e/warplanes/f-35-lightning-ii/": {"t": "F-35 Lightning II", "s": "American family of supersonic stealth strike fighters.", "i": "https://codexery.com/warplanes/img/warplanes/f-35-lightning-ii.webp", "c": "U.S. Air Force photo by Master Sgt. Donald R. Allen · Public domain"}, "https://codexery.com/universities-and-colleges/e/universities-and-colleges/eth-zurich/": {"t": "ETH Zurich", "s": "Swiss federal STEM university with 22 Nobel laureates.", "i": "https://codexery.com/universities-and-colleges/img/universities-and-colleges/eth-zurich.webp", "c": "Ank Kumar · CC BY-SA 4.0"}, "https://codexery.com/medical-specialties/e/medical-specialties/ophthalmology/": {"t": "Ophthalmology", "s": "Branch of medicine for eye disease diagnosis, treatment, and surgery.", "i": "https://codexery.com/medical-specialties/img/medical-specialties/ophthalmology.webp", "c": "Hodge120 · CC BY-SA 4.0"}, "https://codexery.com/airliners/e/airliners/concorde/": {"t": "Concorde", "s": "The first supersonic airliner to enter service, Concorde halved travel times across the Atlantic.", "i": "https://codexery.com/airliners/img/airliners/concorde.webp", "c": "Valder137 · CC BY 2.0"}, "https://codexery.com/english-inventions/e/english-inventions/aerial-steam-carriage/": {"t": "Aerial steam carriage", "s": "An early powered flying machine that never achieved flight."}, "https://codexery.com/authors-poets/e/authors-and-poets/edgar-allan-poe/": {"t": "Edgar Allan Poe", "s": "American writer of mystery, macabre, and detective fiction."}, "https://codexery.com/transportation-engineering/e/transportation-engineering/balloon-aeronautics/": {"t": "Balloon (aeronautics)", "s": "Unpowered aerostat using buoyancy for flight.", "i": "https://codexery.com/transportation-engineering/img/transportation-engineering/balloon-aeronautics.webp", "c": "Bradleylewis · via Wikipedia: Balloon (aeronautics) · CC BY-SA 3.0"}, "https://codexery.com/regions-cultural-spheres/e/regions-and-cultural-spheres/antarctica/": {"t": "Antarctica", "s": "Earth's southernmost, coldest, and least-populated continent."}, "/e/aviation-inventors/george-cayley/": {"t": "George Cayley", "s": "English engineer and aviator who pioneered heavier-than-air flight.", "i": "https://codexery.com/aviation-inventors/img/aviation-inventors/george-cayley.webp", "c": "Wikimedia Commons · CC BY 4.0"}, "https://codexery.com/governments-and-political-systems/e/governments-and-political-systems/house-of-commons-of-the-united-kingdom/": {"t": "House of Commons of the United Kingdom", "s": "Elected lower house of the UK Parliament, holding government to account.", "i": "https://codexery.com/governments-and-political-systems/img/governments-and-political-systems/house-of-commons-of-the-united-kingdom.webp", "c": "©UK Parliament/Jessica Taylor · CC BY 3.0"}, "https://codexery.com/historical-figures/e/explorers/king-c-gillette/": {"t": "King C. Gillette", "s": "Inventor of the bestselling safety razor and founder of the Gillette company.", "i": "https://codexery.com/historical-figures/img/explorers/king-c-gillette.webp", "c": "Benjamin Joseph Falk · via Wikipedia: King C. Gillette · Public domain"}, "https://codexery.com/planets-stellar-astronomy/e/planets-and-stellar-astronomy/solar-system/": {"t": "Solar System", "s": "The Sun and all objects gravitationally bound to it.", "i": "https://codexery.com/planets-stellar-astronomy/img/planets-and-stellar-astronomy/solar-system.webp", "c": "via Wikipedia: Solar System · see source"}, "https://codexery.com/materials-and-states-of-matter/e/materials-and-states-of-matter/gas/": {"t": "Gas", "s": "A compressible fluid state of matter."}, "https://codexery.com/stars-and-stellar-objects/e/stars-and-stellar-objects/comet/": {"t": "Comet", "s": "Icy wanderers that bloom when near the Sun."}, "https://codexery.com/named-stars/e/named-stars/sun/": {"t": "Sun", "s": "The Sun is the central star of the Solar System."}, "https://codexery.com/orbits-and-celestial-mechanics/e/orbits-and-celestial-mechanics/ecliptic/": {"t": "Ecliptic", "s": "Apparent path of the Sun on the celestial sphere.", "i": "https://codexery.com/orbits-and-celestial-mechanics/img/orbits-and-celestial-mechanics/ecliptic.webp", "c": "S.fonsi · CC BY-SA 3.0"}, "https://codexery.com/castle-architecture/e/castle-architecture/cistern/": {"t": "Cistern", "s": "Waterproof receptacle for storing liquids, especially rainwater."}, "https://codexery.com/french-inventions/e/french-inventions/breechloader/": {"t": "Breechloader", "s": "A firearm loaded from the rear of the barrel."}, "/e/aviation-inventors/octave-chanute/": {"t": "Octave Chanute", "s": "Civil engineer and aviation pioneer who advised the Wright brothers."}, "https://codexery.com/international-motorsports-hall-of-fame/e/international-motorsports-hall-of-fame-inductees/glenn-curtiss/": {"t": "Glenn Curtiss", "s": "Aviation and motorcycling pioneer; founder of the U.S. aircraft industry.", "i": "https://codexery.com/international-motorsports-hall-of-fame/img/international-motorsports-hall-of-fame-inductees/glenn-curtiss.webp", "c": "via Wikipedia: Glenn Curtiss · see source"}}