{"https://codexery.com/art-movements/e/part-1/romanticism/": {"t": "romanticism", "s": ""}, "/e/authors-and-poets/percy-bysshe-shelley/": {"t": "Percy Bysshe Shelley", "s": "English Romantic poet and radical thinker."}, "https://codexery.com/revolutions-and-conflicts/e/part-1/greek-war-of-independence/": {"t": "Greek War of Independence", "s": "From 1821 to 1829, Greek revolutionaries fought a successful war for independence against the Ottoman Empire, known as the Greek War of Independence, the Greek ", "i": "https://codexery.com/revolutions-and-conflicts/img/part-1/greek-war-of-independence.webp", "c": "George E. Koronaios · CC BY-SA 4.0"}, "https://codexery.com/other-european-regions/e/part-1/midlands/": {"t": "Midlands", "s": "Central England region, historic heart of Mercia and industry."}, "https://codexery.com/infectious-diseases/e/part-1/tuberculosis/": {"t": "tuberculosis", "s": ""}, "https://codexery.com/wars-conflicts/e/part-1/napoleonic-wars/": {"t": "Napoleonic Wars", "s": "Global conflicts from 1803 to 1815, featuring coalitions against Napoleon and French domination of Europe.", "i": "https://codexery.com/wars-conflicts/img/part-1/napoleonic-wars.webp", "c": "Ruedi33a · CC BY-SA 4.0"}, "https://codexery.com/fc-porto/e/stadiums/portugal/": {"t": "Portugal", "s": "The land where Atlantic winds blow as the Dragons rise to conquer Europe."}, "https://codexery.com/world-heritage-sites-in-portugal/e/part-1/sintra/": {"t": "Sintra", "s": "A UNESCO World Heritage town in Greater Lisbon, Portugal."}, "https://codexery.com/historical-figures/e/scientists/ada-lovelace/": {"t": "Ada Lovelace", "s": "English mathematician and writer, first computer programmer."}, "/e/authors-and-poets/mary-shelley/": {"t": "Mary Shelley", "s": "English novelist who wrote Frankenstein; or, The Modern Prometheus (1818), an early science fiction work."}, "https://codexery.com/rivers/e/part-1/rhine/": {"t": "Rhine", "s": "Europe's second-longest river, flowing from the Swiss Alps to the North Sea.", "i": "https://codexery.com/rivers/img/part-1/rhine.webp", "c": "Sdkb · CC BY-SA 4.0"}, "https://codexery.com/great-lakes-of-the-world/e/part-1/lake-geneva/": {"t": "lake-geneva", "s": ""}, "https://codexery.com/as-roma/e/stadiums/rome/": {"t": "Rome", "s": "An eternal city where ancient history pulses with the yellow-red heartbeat of its football club."}, "https://codexery.com/novels-and-epics/e/part-1/in-search-of-lost-time/": {"t": "In Search of Lost Time", "s": "Seven-volume novel exploring involuntary memory and high-society France."}, "https://codexery.com/branches-of-christianity/e/part-1/catholic-church/": {"t": "catholic-church", "s": ""}, "https://codexery.com/relationships-and-human-sexuality/e/part-1/homosexuality/": {"t": "Homosexuality", "s": "A natural variation in human sexuality, documented across history and species."}, "https://codexery.com/narrative-forms-and-devices/e/part-1/stream-of-consciousness/": {"t": "Stream of consciousness", "s": "A narrative mode depicting the flow of a character's thoughts."}, "https://codexery.com/major-wars/e/part-1/franco-prussian-war/": {"t": "Franco-Prussian War", "s": "Conflict that unified Germany and ended French imperial rule."}, "https://codexery.com/medical-specialties/e/part-1/epidemiology/": {"t": "Epidemiology", "s": "The study of health outcomes and diseases in specific populations.", "i": "https://codexery.com/medical-specialties/img/part-1/epidemiology.webp", "c": "David P. Wilson · CC BY 4.0"}, "https://codexery.com/french-regions/e/part-1/alsace/": {"t": "alsace", "s": ""}, "https://codexery.com/languages-and-dialects/e/part-1/english-language/": {"t": "english-language", "s": ""}, "https://codexery.com/beliefs-and-practices/e/part-1/mysticism/": {"t": "mysticism", "s": ""}, "https://codexery.com/nobel-and-booker-prize-laureates/e/part-1/anatole-france/": {"t": "Anatole France", "s": "Ironic and skeptical, the ideal French man of letters.", "i": "https://codexery.com/nobel-and-booker-prize-laureates/img/part-1/anatole-france.webp", "c": "via Wikipedia: Anatole France · see source"}, "https://codexery.com/diseases-and-conditions/e/part-1/pneumonia/": {"t": "pneumonia", "s": ""}, "https://codexery.com/visual-artists/e/part-1/man-ray/": {"t": "Man Ray", "s": "American-born, French-naturalized artist known for Dada, Surrealism, and rayographs."}, "https://codexery.com/relationships-and-human-sexuality/e/part-1/same-sex-relationship/": {"t": "Same-sex relationship", "s": "Romantic or sexual relationship between people of the same sex."}, "https://codexery.com/nobel-and-booker-prize-laureates/e/part-1/andr-gide/": {"t": "André Gide", "s": "French author and 1947 Nobel laureate in literature, known for exploring the conflict between personal identity and societal values.", "i": "https://codexery.com/nobel-and-booker-prize-laureates/img/part-1/andr-gide.webp", "c": "via Wikipedia: André Gide · see source"}, "https://codexery.com/human-relationships-and-life-stages/e/part-1/bisexuality/": {"t": "bisexuality", "s": ""}, "https://codexery.com/theological-and-philosophical-debates/e/part-1/anti-clericalism/": {"t": "Anti-clericalism", "s": "Opposition to religious authority, often targeting the Catholic Church."}, "https://codexery.com/european-literary-masters/e/part-1/mile-zola/": {"t": "mile-zola", "s": ""}, "https://codexery.com/legal-scholars-and-political-theorists/e/part-1/plato/": {"t": "plato", "s": ""}, "https://codexery.com/historical-figures/e/scientists/henri-bergson/": {"t": "Henri Bergson", "s": "French philosopher of intuition and time, Nobel laureate in literature."}, "https://codexery.com/writers-poets/e/part-1/honor-de-balzac/": {"t": "Honoré de Balzac", "s": "French novelist and playwright, founder of realism in European literature"}, "https://codexery.com/literary-giants/e/part-1/william-faulkner/": {"t": "william-faulkner", "s": ""}, "https://codexery.com/science-fiction-novels-adapted-into-film/e/part-1/a-connecticut-yankee-in-king-arthur-s-court/": {"t": "A Connecticut Yankee in King Arthur's Court", "s": "A satirical time-travel novel by Mark Twain."}, "https://codexery.com/rebellions-against-the-united-states/e/part-1/philippine-american-war/": {"t": "Philippine–American War", "s": "Conflict over U.S. annexation of the Philippines after the Spanish–American War."}, "https://codexery.com/corporate-giants/e/part-1/standard-oil/": {"t": "standard-oil", "s": ""}, "https://codexery.com/industrialists-and-business-pioneers/e/part-1/henry-huttleston-rogers/": {"t": "henry-huttleston-rogers", "s": ""}, "https://codexery.com/astronomy/e/part-1/halley-s-comet/": {"t": "halley-s-comet", "s": ""}, "https://codexery.com/u-s-states/e/part-1/kentucky/": {"t": "Kentucky", "s": "Landlocked Southeastern U.S. state, known for horses, bourbon, and coal.", "i": "https://codexery.com/u-s-states/img/part-1/kentucky.webp", "c": "TylerKutschbach · CC BY-SA 4.0"}, "https://codexery.com/u-s-states/e/part-1/virginia/": {"t": "Virginia", "s": "First permanent English colony in the New World."}, "https://codexery.com/philadelphia-76ers/e/stadiums/philadelphia/": {"t": "Philadelphia", "s": "The gritty, soulful city where the Sixers legacy is forged in fire and celebrated with unmatched passion."}, "https://codexery.com/sza/e/places/st-louis/": {"t": "St. Louis", "s": "St."}, "https://codexery.com/lil-wayne/e/places/new-orleans/": {"t": "New Orleans", "s": "The bayou city that raised a rapper and the rapper who made the world hear the bayou."}, "https://codexery.com/beliefs-and-practices/e/part-1/parapsychology/": {"t": "parapsychology", "s": ""}, "https://codexery.com/rebellions-against-the-united-states/e/part-1/american-civil-war/": {"t": "American Civil War", "s": "Civil war between the Union and Confederacy over slavery and secession."}, "https://codexery.com/landforms-and-regions/e/part-1/great-plains/": {"t": "great-plains", "s": ""}, "https://codexery.com/historical-figures/e/notable/frederick-douglass/": {"t": "Frederick Douglass", "s": "Escaped slavery; became leading abolitionist orator and writer."}, "https://codexery.com/cities/e/ancient-cities/kyoto/": {"t": "Kyoto", "s": "The thousand-year capital of Japan, where imperial history and cultural heritage endure."}, "https://codexery.com/visual-arts-and-artworks/e/part-1/ukiyo-e/": {"t": "Ukiyo-e", "s": "Japanese woodblock prints of the floating world."}, "https://codexery.com/visual-artists/e/part-1/hiroshige/": {"t": "Hiroshige", "s": "Last great master of ukiyo-e, famed for his poetic landscapes.", "i": "https://codexery.com/visual-artists/img/part-1/hiroshige.webp", "c": "Utagawa Hiroshige · Public domain"}, "https://codexery.com/international-organizations-and-agreemen/e/part-1/international-astronomical-union/": {"t": "international-astronomical-union", "s": ""}, "https://codexery.com/studio-ghibli/e/people/isao-takahata/": {"t": "Isao Takahata", "s": "The master of realism and emotional depth who co-founded Studio Ghibli."}, "https://codexery.com/philosophers-and-theologians/e/part-1/martin-luther-king-jr/": {"t": "Martin Luther King Jr.", "s": "Civil rights leader who championed nonviolent resistance against racial discrimination."}, "https://codexery.com/poets-and-lyricists/e/part-1/robert-frost/": {"t": "Robert Frost", "s": "American poet known for realistic depictions of rural New England life and four Pulitzer Prizes"}, "https://codexery.com/major-wars/e/part-1/second-world-war/": {"t": "Second World War", "s": "Global conflict between Allies and Axis, deadliest in history."}, "https://codexery.com/historical-figures/e/notable/charles-dickens/": {"t": "Charles Dickens", "s": "The most famous celebrity of his era, Dickens pioneered serial publication and remains a literary giant."}, "https://codexery.com/historical-figures/e/notable/edgar-allan-poe/": {"t": "Edgar Allan Poe", "s": "Master of the macabre and pioneer of detective fiction"}, "https://codexery.com/construction-and-engineering/e/part-1/tram/": {"t": "tram", "s": ""}, "https://codexery.com/dance-pioneers/e/part-1/alvin-ailey/": {"t": "alvin-ailey", "s": ""}, "https://codexery.com/musical-genres-and-styles/e/part-1/calypso-music/": {"t": "Calypso music", "s": "Calypso music originated in Trinidad and spread across the Caribbean."}, "https://codexery.com/performing-arts-music-genres/e/part-1/blues/": {"t": "Blues", "s": "Blues originated among African Americans in the Deep South around the 1860s."}, "https://codexery.com/tina-turner/e/people/oprah-winfrey/": {"t": "Oprah Winfrey", "s": "Two queens, one revolution: the women who made the world stand up and listen.", "i": "https://codexery.com/tina-turner/img/people/oprah-winfrey.webp", "c": "US Embassy  South Africa · via Wikipedia: Oprah Winfrey · Public domain"}, "https://codexery.com/michael-jackson/e/people/janet-jackson/": {"t": "Janet Jackson", "s": "A sibling and collaborator on 'Scream' who performed the song as a tribute to Michael Jackson after his death."}, "https://codexery.com/frank-sinatra/e/events/john-f-kennedy/": {"t": "John F. Kennedy", "s": "The president who made Sinatra feel like he belonged in the highest room in the country."}, "https://codexery.com/musical-forms-and-genres/e/part-1/rhythm-and-blues/": {"t": "Rhythm and blues", "s": "A genre originating in African American communities in the 1940s."}, "https://codexery.com/political-systems-elections/e/part-1/democratic-party-united-states/": {"t": "Democratic Party (United States)", "s": "World's oldest active political party, center to center-left."}, "https://codexery.com/cell-and-molecular-biology/e/part-1/mitochondrial-dna/": {"t": "mitochondrial-dna", "s": ""}, "/e/authors-and-poets/lord-byron/": {"t": "Lord Byron", "s": "British Romantic poet and satirist, known for Don Juan and Childe Harold's Pilgrimage.", "i": "https://codexery.com/authors-poets/img/authors-and-poets/lord-byron.webp", "c": "Thomas Phillips · via Wikipedia: Lord Byron · Public domain"}, "https://codexery.com/universities/e/part-1/moscow-state-university/": {"t": "Moscow State University", "s": "Russia's oldest university, a center of learning and controversy.", "i": "https://codexery.com/universities/img/part-1/moscow-state-university.webp", "c": "Suicasmo · CC BY-SA 4.0"}, "https://codexery.com/cities-on-rivers/e/part-1/saint-petersburg/": {"t": "saint-petersburg", "s": ""}, "https://codexery.com/narrative-forms-and-devices/e/part-1/satire/": {"t": "Satire", "s": "A genre using ridicule to expose societal flaws."}, "https://codexery.com/dynasties-and-kingdoms/e/part-1/polish-lithuanian-commonwealth/": {"t": "polish-lithuanian-commonwealth", "s": ""}, "https://codexery.com/russian-regions/e/part-1/tula-oblast/": {"t": "Tula Oblast", "s": "A historically rich industrial and agricultural region in European Russia, home to the Tula Kremlin and Yasnaya Polyana."}, "https://codexery.com/writers-poets/e/part-1/johann-wolfgang-von-goethe/": {"t": "Johann Wolfgang von Goethe", "s": "German polymath and most influential writer in the German language"}, "https://codexery.com/infectious-diseases/e/part-1/cholera/": {"t": "cholera", "s": ""}, "https://codexery.com/russian-and-soviet-writers/e/part-1/alexander-herzen/": {"t": "Alexander Herzen", "s": "Russian writer and precursor of socialism and agrarian populism.", "i": "https://codexery.com/russian-and-soviet-writers/img/part-1/alexander-herzen.webp", "c": "Stefan Kühn · CC0"}, "/e/authors-and-poets/nikolai-gogol/": {"t": "Nikolai Gogol", "s": "Russian writer of Ukrainian origin, master of the grotesque."}, "https://codexery.com/characters-in-epic-poems/e/part-1/don-juan/": {"t": "don-juan", "s": ""}, "https://codexery.com/revolutions-and-conflicts/e/part-1/july-revolution/": {"t": "July Revolution", "s": "Three days that ended the Bourbon monarchy in France.", "i": "https://codexery.com/revolutions-and-conflicts/img/part-1/july-revolution.webp", "c": "Salim Khandoker · CC BY-SA 4.0"}, "https://codexery.com/literary-giants/e/part-1/victor-hugo/": {"t": "victor-hugo", "s": ""}, "https://codexery.com/writers-poets/e/part-1/alexandre-dumas/": {"t": "Alexandre Dumas", "s": "French writer of historical adventure serials.", "i": "https://codexery.com/writers-poets/img/part-1/alexandre-dumas.webp", "c": "Nadar · via Wikipedia: Alexandre Dumas · Public domain"}, "https://codexery.com/historical-figures/e/notable/boris-pasternak/": {"t": "Boris Pasternak", "s": "Russian poet and novelist, author of Doctor Zhivago and Nobel laureate."}, "https://codexery.com/novels-major-fiction/e/part-1/i-am-a-cat/": {"t": "I Am a Cat", "s": "A satirical novel narrated by a pompous house cat."}, "https://codexery.com/magazines-newspapers/e/part-1/the-asahi-shimbun/": {"t": "the-asahi-shimbun", "s": ""}, "https://codexery.com/cathedrals/e/part-1/st-paul-s-cathedral/": {"t": "st-paul-s-cathedral", "s": ""}, "https://codexery.com/literary-giants/e/part-1/walt-whitman/": {"t": "walt-whitman", "s": ""}, "https://codexery.com/japanese-cities/e/part-1/kumamoto/": {"t": "kumamoto", "s": ""}, "https://codexery.com/painting-visual-arts/e/part-1/ink-wash-painting/": {"t": "Ink wash painting", "s": "Monochrome ink painting capturing spirit over likeness."}, "https://codexery.com/common-diseases-disorders/e/part-1/diabetes/": {"t": "diabetes", "s": ""}, "https://codexery.com/literary-giants/e/part-1/ry-nosuke-akutagawa/": {"t": "ry-nosuke-akutagawa", "s": ""}, "/e/authors-and-poets/murasaki-shikibu/": {"t": "Murasaki Shikibu", "s": "Heian-era novelist and lady-in-waiting, author of The Tale of Genji."}, "https://codexery.com/ethnic-groups/e/part-1/persians/": {"t": "persians", "s": ""}, "https://codexery.com/crusader-kings/e/factions/seljuk-sultanate/": {"t": "Seljuk Sultanate", "s": "The Turco-Persian empire of the Oghuz Turks that stretched from Anatolia to the Hindu Kush."}, "https://codexery.com/historical-figures/e/notable/euclid/": {"t": "Euclid", "s": "Ancient Greek mathematician, author of the Elements."}, "https://codexery.com/epic-poetry-myth/e/part-1/rubaiyat-of-omar-khayyam/": {"t": "rubaiyat-of-omar-khayyam", "s": ""}, "https://codexery.com/art-movements/e/part-1/orientalism/": {"t": "orientalism", "s": ""}, "https://codexery.com/islamic-concepts-and-practices/e/part-1/quran/": {"t": "quran", "s": ""}, "https://codexery.com/historical-figures/e/notable/avicenna/": {"t": "Avicenna", "s": "Preeminent philosopher and physician of the Islamic Golden Age."}, "https://codexery.com/asian-cities/e/part-1/bukhara/": {"t": "bukhara", "s": ""}, "https://codexery.com/medieval-and-early-modern-asian-empires/e/part-1/kara-khanid-khanate/": {"t": "Kara-Khanid Khanate", "s": "Karluk Turkic khanate ruling Central Asia from the 9th to early 13th century.", "i": "https://codexery.com/medieval-and-early-modern-asian-empires/img/part-1/kara-khanid-khanate.webp", "c": "Artist circa 1200 CE Photography: Yury Karev · Public domain"}, "https://codexery.com/ancient-mysteries/e/part-1/the-order-of-assassins/": {"t": "the-order-of-assassins", "s": ""}, "https://codexery.com/islamic-concepts-and-practices/e/part-1/hajj/": {"t": "hajj", "s": ""}, "https://codexery.com/combinatorics/e/part-1/binomial-theorem/": {"t": "binomial-theorem", "s": ""}, "https://codexery.com/historical-figures/e/notable/aristotle/": {"t": "Aristotle", "s": "Ancient Greek philosopher and polymath, founder of the Peripatetic school."}, "https://codexery.com/historical-figures/e/notable/ibn-al-haytham/": {"t": "Ibn al-Haytham", "s": "Father of modern optics and pioneer of the scientific method"}, "https://codexery.com/greek-inventions/e/part-1/euclidean-geometry/": {"t": "euclidean-geometry", "s": ""}, "https://codexery.com/philosophers-and-theologians/e/part-1/nasir-al-din-al-tusi/": {"t": "Nasir al-Din al-Tusi", "s": "Persian polymath who advanced astronomy and trigonometry.", "i": "https://codexery.com/philosophers-and-theologians/img/part-1/nasir-al-din-al-tusi.webp", "c": "via Wikipedia: Nasir al-Din al-Tusi · see source"}, "https://codexery.com/capital-cities-of-africa/e/part-1/dakar/": {"t": "dakar", "s": ""}, "https://codexery.com/automotive-industry/e/part-1/citro-n/": {"t": "citro-n", "s": ""}, "https://codexery.com/major-wars/e/part-1/first-indochina-war/": {"t": "First Indochina War", "s": "A conflict from 1946 to 1954 between France and the Viet Minh, ending with French withdrawal and the division of Vietnam."}, "https://codexery.com/historical-figures/e/notable/albert-camus/": {"t": "Albert Camus", "s": "French philosopher and Nobel laureate, key figure in absurdism."}, "https://codexery.com/literary-works/e/part-1/the-stranger-camus-novel/": {"t": "the-stranger-camus-novel", "s": ""}, "https://codexery.com/social-identity-prejudice/e/part-1/xenophobia/": {"t": "Xenophobia", "s": "Fear or dislike of people perceived as foreign or strange."}, "https://codexery.com/visual-arts-and-crafts/e/part-1/social-realism/": {"t": "Social realism", "s": "Art movement critiquing socio-political conditions of the working class."}, "https://codexery.com/fifa-world-cup/e/honours/soviet-union/": {"t": "Soviet Union", "s": "The world's flagship communist state and a superpower spanning Eurasia."}, "https://codexery.com/narrative-forms-and-devices/e/part-1/short-story/": {"t": "Short story", "s": "A brief prose narrative evoking a single effect or mood."}, "https://codexery.com/common-diseases-disorders/e/part-1/erectile-dysfunction/": {"t": "erectile-dysfunction", "s": ""}, "https://codexery.com/notable-films/e/part-1/black-girl-1966-film/": {"t": "Black Girl (1966 film)", "s": "A Senegalese woman's tragic journey from Dakar to Antibes.", "i": "https://codexery.com/notable-films/img/part-1/black-girl-1966-film.webp", "c": "Unknown · Public domain"}, "https://codexery.com/abrahamic-religions-criticism/e/part-1/criticism-of-islam/": {"t": "criticism-of-islam", "s": ""}, "https://codexery.com/cities-and-urban-areas/e/part-1/ouagadougou/": {"t": "ouagadougou", "s": ""}, "https://codexery.com/film-history-movements/e/part-1/cinema-of-africa/": {"t": "cinema-of-africa", "s": ""}, "https://codexery.com/literary-forms-tropes/e/part-1/author/": {"t": "author", "s": ""}, "https://codexery.com/literary-giants/e/part-1/w-b-yeats/": {"t": "w-b-yeats", "s": ""}, "https://codexery.com/historical-figures/e/scientists/karl-marx/": {"t": "Karl Marx", "s": "German philosopher and revolutionary socialist who developed Marxism."}, "https://codexery.com/historical-figures/e/notable/mahatma-gandhi/": {"t": "Mahatma Gandhi", "s": "Leader of India's nonviolent independence movement"}, "https://codexery.com/historical-figures/e/notable/george-bernard-shaw/": {"t": "George Bernard Shaw", "s": "Irish playwright and critic who reshaped modern drama."}, "https://codexery.com/food-cooking/e/part-1/vegetarianism/": {"t": "vegetarianism", "s": ""}, "https://codexery.com/historical-figures/e/scientists/mary-wollstonecraft/": {"t": "Mary Wollstonecraft", "s": "Pioneering feminist philosopher and author of A Vindication of the Rights of Woman"}, "https://codexery.com/mythological-hunters/e/part-1/narcissus-mythology/": {"t": "Narcissus (mythology)", "s": "Hunter from Greek myth who fell in love with his own reflection."}, "https://codexery.com/european-literary-masters/e/part-1/thomas-love-peacock/": {"t": "thomas-love-peacock", "s": ""}, "https://codexery.com/territories-of-the-republic-of-venice/e/part-1/este-veneto/": {"t": "Este, Veneto", "s": "Town at the foot of the Euganean Hills, origin of the House of Este."}, "https://codexery.com/historical-figures/e/notable/aeschylus/": {"t": "Aeschylus", "s": "Father of tragedy, soldier of Marathon"}, "https://codexery.com/activists-reformers/e/part-1/robert-owen/": {"t": "robert-owen", "s": ""}, "https://codexery.com/regions-cultural-spheres/e/part-1/indian-subcontinent/": {"t": "Indian subcontinent", "s": "A physiographic region below the Himalayas, divided into three nations."}, "https://codexery.com/poetry-collections-and-epic-poems/e/part-1/gitanjali/": {"t": "Gitanjali", "s": "A Bengali poem collection that won Tagore the Nobel Prize."}, "https://codexery.com/kolkata-knight-riders/e/stadiums/kolkata/": {"t": "Kolkata", "s": "Where history meets passion in a sea of purple and gold."}, "https://codexery.com/indian-states/e/part-1/west-bengal/": {"t": "west-bengal", "s": ""}, "https://codexery.com/indian-inventions/e/part-1/indian-classical-music/": {"t": "indian-classical-music", "s": ""}, "https://codexery.com/languages-and-writing-systems/e/part-1/sanskrit/": {"t": "sanskrit", "s": ""}, "https://codexery.com/hinduism-and-jainism/e/part-1/vaishnavism/": {"t": "vaishnavism", "s": ""}, "https://codexery.com/indian-states/e/part-1/tripura/": {"t": "tripura", "s": ""}, "https://codexery.com/social-identity-prejudice/e/part-1/dalit/": {"t": "Dalit", "s": "Term for untouchables and outcasts in the Indian subcontinent."}, "https://codexery.com/film-and-theater-icons/e/part-1/satyajit-ray/": {"t": "satyajit-ray", "s": ""}, "https://codexery.com/political-leaders-revolutionaries/e/part-1/benito-mussolini/": {"t": "Benito Mussolini", "s": "Italian dictator who founded fascism and led Italy in World War II."}, "https://codexery.com/world-wonders/e/part-1/borobudur/": {"t": "Borobudur", "s": "9th-century Mahayana Buddhist temple in Central Java, Indonesia."}, "https://codexery.com/islamic-scholars-and-sufi-mystics/e/part-1/hafez/": {"t": "hafez", "s": ""}, "https://codexery.com/giants-in-popular-culture/e/part-1/the-bfg/": {"t": "the-bfg", "s": ""}, "https://codexery.com/explorers/e/part-1/roald-amundsen/": {"t": "roald-amundsen", "s": ""}, "https://codexery.com/inflammatory-diseases-of-the-digestive-s/e/part-1/appendicitis/": {"t": "appendicitis", "s": ""}, "https://codexery.com/english-counties/e/part-1/derbyshire/": {"t": "derbyshire", "s": ""}, "https://codexery.com/christian-church-bodies/e/part-1/archbishop-of-canterbury/": {"t": "archbishop-of-canterbury", "s": ""}, "https://codexery.com/fantasy-film-characters/e/part-1/grand-high-witch/": {"t": "grand-high-witch", "s": ""}, "https://codexery.com/sports-and-games/e/part-1/association-football/": {"t": "Association football", "s": "Association football, also called football or soccer, is a team sport where two sides of 11 players each use their feet to move an inflated ball across a pitch."}, "https://codexery.com/sports-and-games/e/part-1/squash-sport/": {"t": "Squash (sport)", "s": "A racket sport played on a four-walled court with a rubber ball."}, "https://codexery.com/corporate-giants/e/part-1/shell-plc/": {"t": "shell-plc", "s": ""}, "https://codexery.com/cities-and-urban-areas/e/part-1/mombasa/": {"t": "mombasa", "s": ""}, "https://codexery.com/capital-cities-of-africa/e/part-1/dar-es-salaam/": {"t": "dar-es-salaam", "s": ""}, "https://codexery.com/transportation/e/part-1/fighter-aircraft/": {"t": "Fighter aircraft", "s": "Military aircraft designed for air superiority and air-to-air combat."}, "https://codexery.com/warplanes/e/part-1/hawker-hurricane/": {"t": "Hawker Hurricane", "s": "British fighter that inflicted 60% of Luftwaffe losses in the Battle of Britain.", "i": "https://codexery.com/warplanes/img/part-1/hawker-hurricane.webp", "c": "via Wikipedia: Hawker Fury · see source"}, "https://codexery.com/media-and-publishing/e/part-1/time-magazine/": {"t": "Time (magazine)", "s": "A weekly news magazine that pioneered telling news through people."}, "/e/authors-and-poets/rainer-maria-rilke/": {"t": "Rainer Maria Rilke", "s": "Austrian poet known for Duino Elegies and Sonnets to Orpheus"}, "https://codexery.com/modern-conflicts/e/part-1/crimean-war/": {"t": "Crimean War", "s": "A mid-19th century conflict between Russia and an alliance of the Ottoman Empire, France, the United Kingdom, and Sardinia, notable for modern technologies and "}, "https://codexery.com/literary-works/e/part-1/war-and-peace/": {"t": "war-and-peace", "s": ""}, "https://codexery.com/historical-figures/e/scientists/henry-george/": {"t": "Henry George", "s": "American political economist and journalist, author of Progress and Poverty"}, "https://codexery.com/literary-giants/e/part-1/virginia-woolf/": {"t": "virginia-woolf", "s": ""}, "https://codexery.com/branches-of-christianity/e/part-1/eastern-orthodox-church/": {"t": "eastern-orthodox-church", "s": ""}, "https://codexery.com/sieges-and-battles/e/part-1/siege-of-sevastopol-1854-1855/": {"t": "Siege of Sevastopol (1854–1855)", "s": "The 1854–1855 siege of the tsar's Black Sea Fleet home port, culminating in the fall of Sevastopol."}, "https://codexery.com/historical-figures-leaders/e/part-1/mikhail-bakunin/": {"t": "mikhail-bakunin", "s": ""}, "https://codexery.com/historical-figures-leaders/e/part-1/peter-kropotkin/": {"t": "peter-kropotkin", "s": ""}, "https://codexery.com/historical-figures-leaders/e/part-1/pierre-joseph-proudhon/": {"t": "pierre-joseph-proudhon", "s": ""}, "https://codexery.com/writers-poets/e/part-1/henrik-ibsen/": {"t": "Henrik Ibsen", "s": "Norwegian playwright considered father of modern drama."}, "https://codexery.com/religious-traditions/e/part-1/russian-orthodox-church/": {"t": "Russian Orthodox Church", "s": "Autocephalous Eastern Orthodox church tracing origins to 988."}, "https://codexery.com/historical-figures/e/notable/anton-chekhov/": {"t": "Anton Chekhov", "s": "Russian playwright and short story writer, physician."}, "https://codexery.com/branches-of-christianity/e/part-1/anglicanism/": {"t": "anglicanism", "s": ""}, "https://codexery.com/fictional-dragons/e/part-1/jabberwocky/": {"t": "jabberwocky", "s": ""}, "https://codexery.com/cathedrals/e/part-1/westminster-abbey/": {"t": "westminster-abbey", "s": ""}, "https://codexery.com/european-regions/e/part-1/northern-england/": {"t": "northern-england", "s": ""}, "https://codexery.com/theology-and-religious-concepts/e/part-1/holy-orders/": {"t": "Holy orders", "s": "Ordained ministries of bishop, priest, and deacon in Christian churches."}, "https://codexery.com/catholic-popes-cardinals/e/part-1/john-henry-newman/": {"t": "john-henry-newman", "s": ""}, "https://codexery.com/languages/e/part-1/latin/": {"t": "latin", "s": ""}, "https://codexery.com/infectious-diseases/e/part-1/whooping-cough/": {"t": "whooping-cough", "s": ""}, "https://codexery.com/painters-visual-artists/e/part-1/william-holman-hunt/": {"t": "William Holman Hunt", "s": "English painter and co-founder of the Pre-Raphaelite Brotherhood.", "i": "https://codexery.com/painters-visual-artists/img/part-1/william-holman-hunt.webp", "c": "via Wikipedia: William Holman Hunt · see source"}, "https://codexery.com/portraitists-and-storytellers/e/part-1/john-everett-millais/": {"t": "John Everett Millais", "s": "English painter and illustrator, co-founder of the Pre-Raphaelite Brotherhood"}, "https://codexery.com/performing-arts-crafts/e/part-1/marionette/": {"t": "Marionette", "s": "String puppets controlled from above by a marionettist."}, "https://codexery.com/stage-legends/e/part-1/ellen-terry/": {"t": "Ellen Terry", "s": "English actress, leading Shakespearean performer of the late 19th century."}, "https://codexery.com/photographers/e/part-1/julia-margaret-cameron/": {"t": "Julia Margaret Cameron", "s": "English photographer known for soft-focus close-ups of famous Victorians and illustrative images from mythology, Christianity, and literature.", "i": "https://codexery.com/photographers/img/part-1/julia-margaret-cameron.webp", "c": "via Wikipedia: Julia Margaret Cameron · see source"}, "https://codexery.com/art-movements/e/part-1/modernism/": {"t": "modernism", "s": ""}, "https://codexery.com/historical-figures/e/notable/homer/": {"t": "Homer", "s": "Ancient Greek poet traditionally credited with the Iliad and the Odyssey"}, "https://codexery.com/historical-figures/e/notable/dante-alighieri/": {"t": "Dante Alighieri", "s": "Italian poet who wrote the Divine Comedy in the vernacular."}, "https://codexery.com/epic-poetry-myth/e/part-1/os-lus-adas/": {"t": "os-lus-adas", "s": ""}, "https://codexery.com/languages-and-writing-systems/e/part-1/portuguese-language/": {"t": "portuguese-language", "s": ""}, "https://codexery.com/performance-voice/e/part-1/troubadour/": {"t": "Troubadour", "s": "Composers and performers of Old Occitan lyric poetry during the High Middle Ages."}, "https://codexery.com/exploration-colonization/e/part-1/vasco-da-gama/": {"t": "vasco-da-gama", "s": ""}, "https://codexery.com/cities/e/capitals/lisbon/": {"t": "Lisbon", "s": "Capital of Portugal, second-oldest European capital, and a global city on the Tagus River."}, "https://codexery.com/monarchs-and-nobility/e/part-1/john-iii-of-portugal/": {"t": "John III of Portugal", "s": "King of Portugal who expanded the empire globally."}, "https://codexery.com/straits-channels-and-seas/e/part-1/strait-of-gibraltar/": {"t": "Strait of Gibraltar", "s": "Narrow strait linking Atlantic and Mediterranean, separating Europe and Africa."}, "https://codexery.com/public-holidays-observances/e/part-1/palm-sunday/": {"t": "Palm Sunday", "s": "Christian feast marking Christ's entry into Jerusalem.", "i": "https://codexery.com/public-holidays-observances/img/part-1/palm-sunday.webp", "c": "LMP 2001 · CC BY-SA 4.0"}, "https://codexery.com/capes-and-headlands/e/part-1/cape-of-good-hope/": {"t": "cape-of-good-hope", "s": ""}, "https://codexery.com/indian-states/e/part-1/goa/": {"t": "goa", "s": ""}, "/e/authors-and-poets/ovid/": {"t": "Ovid", "s": "Roman poet exiled for a poem and a mistake."}, "https://codexery.com/historical-figures/e/notable/horace/": {"t": "Horace", "s": "Leading Roman lyric poet during the time of Augustus"}, "https://codexery.com/philosophical-movements-and-schools/e/part-1/humanism/": {"t": "Humanism", "s": "A philosophy centered on human agency, reason, and well-being."}, "https://codexery.com/cities/e/cultural/florence/": {"t": "Florence", "s": "Birthplace of the Renaissance and capital of Tuscany."}, "https://codexery.com/portuguese-inventions/e/part-1/carrack/": {"t": "Carrack", "s": "A three- or four-masted ocean-going ship developed in 14th–15th century Europe.", "i": "https://codexery.com/portuguese-inventions/img/part-1/carrack.webp", "c": "Gordon Grant (1875–1962); plates signed “G.G.” · Public domain"}, "https://codexery.com/natural-disasters/e/part-1/1755-lisbon-earthquake/": {"t": "1755 Lisbon earthquake", "s": "The 1755 Lisbon earthquake, with an estimated magnitude of 7.7 or greater, devastated Lisbon and triggered a tsunami and fires, leading to the birth of modern s", "i": "https://codexery.com/natural-disasters/img/part-1/1755-lisbon-earthquake.webp", "c": "Elliott Bledsoe from Brisbane, Australia · CC BY 2.0"}, "https://codexery.com/world-heritage-sites-in-portugal/e/part-1/jer-nimos-monastery/": {"t": "Jerónimos Monastery", "s": "Former Hieronymite monastery and royal necropolis in Lisbon."}, "https://codexery.com/film-history-milestones/e/part-1/cannes-film-festival/": {"t": "cannes-film-festival", "s": ""}, "https://codexery.com/cities-of-china/e/part-1/shaoxing/": {"t": "shaoxing", "s": ""}, "https://codexery.com/chinese-history/e/part-1/imperial-examination/": {"t": "imperial-examination", "s": ""}, "https://codexery.com/chinese-history/e/part-1/self-strengthening-movement/": {"t": "self-strengthening-movement", "s": ""}, "https://codexery.com/revolutions-of-1917-1923/e/part-1/may-fourth-movement/": {"t": "May Fourth Movement", "s": "Student protests on May 4, 1919 sparked a nationalist and political movement."}, "https://codexery.com/leaders-and-monarchs/e/part-1/mao-zedong/": {"t": "mao-zedong", "s": ""}, "https://codexery.com/ancient-histories-and-epics/e/part-1/classic-of-mountains-and-seas/": {"t": "classic-of-mountains-and-seas", "s": ""}, "https://codexery.com/cities-on-rivers/e/part-1/nanjing/": {"t": "nanjing", "s": ""}, "https://codexery.com/novels-major-fiction/e/part-1/ivanhoe/": {"t": "Ivanhoe", "s": "Walter Scott's medieval novel that reshaped historical fiction."}, "https://codexery.com/literary-works/e/part-1/uncle-tom-s-cabin/": {"t": "uncle-tom-s-cabin", "s": ""}, "https://codexery.com/early-modern-state-formation-and-dynasti/e/part-1/eight-banners/": {"t": "eight-banners", "s": ""}, "https://codexery.com/space-exploration-novels/e/part-1/from-the-earth-to-the-moon/": {"t": "From the Earth to the Moon", "s": "1865 novel about a Moon shot via giant cannon."}, "https://codexery.com/hard-science-fiction-novels/e/part-1/twenty-thousand-leagues-under-the-seas/": {"t": "twenty-thousand-leagues-under-the-seas", "s": ""}, "https://codexery.com/wars-conflicts/e/part-1/russo-japanese-war/": {"t": "Russo-Japanese War", "s": "War between Russia and Japan over imperial ambitions in East Asia.", "i": "https://codexery.com/wars-conflicts/img/part-1/russo-japanese-war.webp", "c": "Imperial Instituto Artistico · Public domain"}, "https://codexery.com/pre-columbian-empires/e/part-1/qing-dynasty/": {"t": "Qing dynasty", "s": "The Qing dynasty, also called the Great Qing or Qing China, was a Manchu-led imperial dynasty that ruled from 1636 or 1644 until 1912."}, "https://codexery.com/chinese-history/e/part-1/republic-of-china-1912-1949/": {"t": "republic-of-china-1912-1949", "s": ""}, "https://codexery.com/dynasties-and-kingdoms/e/part-1/tang-dynasty/": {"t": "tang-dynasty", "s": ""}, "https://codexery.com/philosophical-traditions/e/part-1/atomism/": {"t": "Atomism", "s": "Philosophy that all matter is composed of indivisible atoms."}, "https://codexery.com/philosophical-concepts-and-theories/e/part-1/materialism/": {"t": "Materialism", "s": "Matter is the fundamental substance of nature."}, "https://codexery.com/classic-poetry-and-epics/e/part-1/de-rerum-natura/": {"t": "de-rerum-natura", "s": ""}, "https://codexery.com/classic-poetry-and-epics/e/part-1/the-aeneid/": {"t": "the-aeneid", "s": ""}, "https://codexery.com/classic-poetry-and-epics/e/part-1/eclogues/": {"t": "eclogues", "s": ""}, "https://codexery.com/historical-eras/e/part-1/middle-ages/": {"t": "middle-ages", "s": ""}, "https://codexery.com/historical-figures/e/scientists/suetonius/": {"t": "Suetonius", "s": "Roman historian and biographer of the Twelve Caesars"}, "https://codexery.com/clothing-types/e/part-1/toga/": {"t": "toga", "s": ""}, "https://codexery.com/historical-figures/e/leaders/pompey/": {"t": "Pompey", "s": "Roman general and statesman, rival of Julius Caesar", "i": "https://codexery.com/historical-figures/img/leaders/pompey.webp", "c": "Didier Descouens · via Wikipedia: Pompey · Public domain"}, "https://codexery.com/historical-figures-leaders/e/part-1/marcus-licinius-crassus/": {"t": "marcus-licinius-crassus", "s": ""}, "https://codexery.com/historical-cultural-concepts/e/part-1/aristocracy/": {"t": "aristocracy", "s": ""}, "https://codexery.com/historical-figures/e/notable/cicero/": {"t": "Cicero", "s": "Roman statesman, orator, and philosopher who shaped Latin rhetoric and thought."}, "https://codexery.com/nonfiction-and-reference/e/part-1/on-the-origin-of-species/": {"t": "On the Origin of Species", "s": "Foundation of evolutionary biology, introducing natural selection."}, "https://codexery.com/historical-figures/e/notable/epicurus/": {"t": "Epicurus", "s": "Ancient Greek philosopher who founded Epicureanism."}, "https://codexery.com/philosophical-concepts/e/part-1/free-will/": {"t": "Free will", "s": "The capacity to choose between different possible courses of action, central to moral responsibility and philosophical debate."}, "https://codexery.com/early-modern-state-formation-and-dynasti/e/part-1/house-of-bourbon/": {"t": "house-of-bourbon", "s": ""}, "https://codexery.com/marriage-and-kinship/e/part-1/dowry/": {"t": "Dowry", "s": "A marriage payment from the bride's family to the groom's family.", "i": "https://codexery.com/marriage-and-kinship/img/part-1/dowry.webp", "c": "Wikimedia Commons · CC BY 4.0"}, "https://codexery.com/psychopathological-syndromes/e/part-1/catatonia/": {"t": "Catatonia", "s": "Neuropsychiatric syndrome with motor and behavioral abnormalities."}, "https://codexery.com/modern-conflicts/e/part-1/world-war-i/": {"t": "World War I", "s": "Global conflict between Allies and Central Powers, 1914–1918."}, "https://codexery.com/wars-conflicts/e/part-1/second-italo-ethiopian-war/": {"t": "Second Italo-Ethiopian War", "s": "Italy's largest colonial campaign, ending in Ethiopia's annexation."}, "https://codexery.com/inventors/e/part-1/john-logie-baird/": {"t": "john-logie-baird", "s": ""}, "https://codexery.com/historical-figures/e/notable/guglielmo-marconi/": {"t": "Guglielmo Marconi", "s": "Creator of practical wireless telegraphy"}, "https://codexery.com/dramatists-playwrights/e/part-1/dario-fo/": {"t": "dario-fo", "s": ""}, "https://codexery.com/literary-giants/e/part-1/samuel-beckett/": {"t": "samuel-beckett", "s": ""}, "https://codexery.com/historical-figures/e/scientists/jean-paul-sartre/": {"t": "Jean-Paul Sartre", "s": "French existentialist philosopher, political activist, and writer"}, "https://codexery.com/fifa-world-cup/e/culture/rio-de-janeiro/": {"t": "Rio de Janeiro", "s": "Rio de Janeiro: host of the 1950 and 2014 FIFA World Cup finals at Maracanã Stadium."}, "https://codexery.com/novels-major-fiction/e/part-1/dom-casmurro/": {"t": "Dom Casmurro", "s": "An 1899 Brazilian realist novel about jealousy and unreliable narration.", "i": "https://codexery.com/novels-major-fiction/img/part-1/dom-casmurro.webp", "c": "via Wikipedia: Cultural references to Othello · see source"}, "https://codexery.com/empire-of-brazil/e/part-1/empire-of-brazil/": {"t": "empire-of-brazil", "s": ""}, "https://codexery.com/sporting-cp/e/stadiums/azores/": {"t": "Azores", "s": "A volcanic chain of islands echoing the green and white spirit across the Atlantic."}, "https://codexery.com/historical-figures/e/notable/jonathan-swift/": {"t": "Jonathan Swift", "s": "Anglo-Irish satirist and author of Gulliver's Travels."}, "https://codexery.com/modern-political-theorists-and-sociologi/e/part-1/ernest-renan/": {"t": "Ernest Renan", "s": "French Orientalist and Semitic scholar who wrote Life of Jesus and advanced the Khazar theory."}, "https://codexery.com/mental-health-psychology/e/part-1/depression-mood/": {"t": "Depression (mood)", "s": "A mental state of low mood and aversion to activity."}, "https://codexery.com/forms-of-government/e/part-1/monarchism/": {"t": "monarchism", "s": ""}, "https://codexery.com/historical-figures/e/notable/miguel-de-cervantes/": {"t": "Miguel de Cervantes", "s": "Spanish writer, author of Don Quixote, first modern novel."}, "https://codexery.com/narrative-techniques-genres/e/part-1/graphic-novel/": {"t": "Graphic novel", "s": "A contested term for book-length sequential art."}, "https://codexery.com/canadian-science-fiction-novels/e/part-1/the-handmaid-s-tale/": {"t": "the-handmaid-s-tale", "s": ""}, "https://codexery.com/narrative-techniques-genres/e/part-1/fairy-tale/": {"t": "Fairy tale", "s": "A short folklore story featuring magic and mythical beings.", "i": "https://codexery.com/narrative-techniques-genres/img/part-1/fairy-tale.webp", "c": "Tchamnarodrigue · CC BY-SA 4.0"}, "https://codexery.com/states-and-regions/e/part-1/quebec/": {"t": "Quebec", "s": "Canada's largest province, heart of Francophone culture in North America.", "i": "https://codexery.com/states-and-regions/img/part-1/quebec.webp", "c": "Wilfredor · CC0"}, "https://codexery.com/the-weeknd/e/places/toronto/": {"t": "Toronto", "s": "A frozen metropolis where neon dreams collide with industrial nightmares and personal demons."}, "https://codexery.com/literary-forms-tropes/e/part-1/comic-book/": {"t": "comic-book", "s": ""}, "https://codexery.com/universities-and-colleges/e/part-1/harvard-university/": {"t": "Harvard University", "s": "Oldest institution of higher learning in the United States.", "i": "https://codexery.com/universities-and-colleges/img/part-1/harvard-university.webp", "c": "Daderot · Public domain"}, "https://codexery.com/cities-and-urban-areas/e/part-1/montreal/": {"t": "montreal", "s": ""}, "https://codexery.com/narrative-forms-and-devices/e/part-1/science-fiction/": {"t": "Science fiction", "s": "Genre of speculative fiction about advanced technology and its consequences."}, "https://codexery.com/narrative-forms-and-devices/e/part-1/speculative-fiction/": {"t": "Speculative fiction", "s": "Umbrella genre for fiction beyond everyday reality."}, "https://codexery.com/classic-poetry-and-epics/e/part-1/the-odyssey/": {"t": "the-odyssey", "s": ""}, "https://codexery.com/literary-works/e/part-1/the-tempest/": {"t": "the-tempest", "s": ""}, "https://codexery.com/disney-animation/e/events/sleeping-beauty/": {"t": "Sleeping Beauty", "s": "A dark curse awaits a sleeping princess until true love awakens the kingdom."}, "https://codexery.com/socio-political-concepts/e/part-1/totalitarianism/": {"t": "Totalitarianism", "s": "A political system that completely controls public and private life through ideology, repression, and state terror."}, "https://codexery.com/breakfast-television-in-the-united-kingd/e/part-1/bbc-breakfast/": {"t": "bbc-breakfast", "s": ""}, "https://codexery.com/literary-giants/e/part-1/ursula-k-le-guin/": {"t": "ursula-k-le-guin", "s": ""}, "https://codexery.com/narrative-techniques-genres/e/part-1/dystopia/": {"t": "Dystopia", "s": "Imagined society where life is wretched, dehumanized, and fearful."}, "https://codexery.com/other/e/part-1/pescetarianism/": {"t": "Pescetarianism", "s": "A plant-based diet that includes seafood and fish as the only meat source."}, "https://codexery.com/invertebrates/e/part-1/gastropod/": {"t": "gastropod", "s": ""}, "https://codexery.com/narrative-techniques-genres/e/part-1/gothic-fiction/": {"t": "Gothic fiction", "s": "A literary aesthetic of fear, haunting, and the supernatural."}, "https://codexery.com/reformers-and-leaders-of-the-americas-an/e/part-1/aaron-burr/": {"t": "Aaron Burr", "s": "Third vice president of the United States, remembered for the duel with Alexander Hamilton and the Burr conspiracy.", "i": "https://codexery.com/reformers-and-leaders-of-the-americas-an/img/part-1/aaron-burr.webp", "c": "via Wikipedia: Aaron Burr · see source"}, "https://codexery.com/nonfiction-philosophy/e/part-1/a-vindication-of-the-rights-of-woman/": {"t": "A Vindication of the Rights of Woman", "s": "A 1792 proto-feminist essay by Mary Wollstonecraft arguing for women's education and moral equality."}, "https://codexery.com/reproduction-and-development/e/part-1/miscarriage/": {"t": "Miscarriage", "s": "Miscarriage is the most common complication of early pregnancy."}, "https://codexery.com/opera-and-musical-theatre/e/part-1/west-end-theatre/": {"t": "West End theatre", "s": "London's premier commercial theatre district."}, "https://codexery.com/european-modernists/e/part-1/muriel-spark/": {"t": "muriel-spark", "s": ""}, "https://codexery.com/diseases-and-conditions/e/part-1/smallpox/": {"t": "smallpox", "s": ""}, "https://codexery.com/english-counties/e/part-1/sussex/": {"t": "sussex", "s": ""}, "https://codexery.com/literary-giants/e/part-1/walter-scott/": {"t": "walter-scott", "s": ""}, "https://codexery.com/greek-myths/e/part-1/prometheus/": {"t": "prometheus", "s": ""}, "https://codexery.com/family-and-kinship/e/part-1/mother/": {"t": "mother", "s": ""}, "/e/authors-and-poets/leo-tolstoy/": {"t": "Leo Tolstoy", "s": "Russian writer acclaimed as one of the greatest novelists of all time."}, "https://codexery.com/leaders-of-revolution-and-independence/e/part-1/vladimir-lenin/": {"t": "vladimir-lenin", "s": ""}, "https://codexery.com/inventors-killed-by-their-own-invention/e/part-1/alexander-bogdanov/": {"t": "alexander-bogdanov", "s": ""}, "https://codexery.com/historical-figures/e/notable/joseph-stalin/": {"t": "Joseph Stalin", "s": "Soviet revolutionary and dictator who ruled from the mid-1920s until his death in 1953."}, "https://codexery.com/visual-arts-and-crafts/e/part-1/socialist-realism/": {"t": "Socialist realism", "s": "Official Soviet art doctrine depicting reality in revolutionary development."}, "https://codexery.com/revolutions-and-conflicts/e/part-1/russian-revolution/": {"t": "Russian Revolution", "s": "A period of revolution and civil war that ended monarchy and established socialist rule."}, "https://codexery.com/leaders-and-monarchs/e/part-1/nicholas-ii/": {"t": "nicholas-ii", "s": ""}, "https://codexery.com/historical-figures/e/notable/auguste-rodin/": {"t": "Auguste Rodin", "s": "French sculptor considered founder of modern sculpture."}, "https://codexery.com/early-modern-state-formation-and-dynasti/e/part-1/grand-duchy-of-finland/": {"t": "grand-duchy-of-finland", "s": ""}, "https://codexery.com/historical-figures/e/notable/denis-diderot/": {"t": "Denis Diderot", "s": "Co-founder and chief editor of the Encyclopédie, a key figure of the Enlightenment."}, "/e/authors-and-poets/mark-twain/": {"t": "Mark Twain", "s": "American writer, humorist, and essayist, author of Adventures of Huckleberry Finn."}, "https://codexery.com/whitney-houston/e/places/the-white-house/": {"t": "The White House", "s": "Where the nation's highest stage met the world's most powerful voice."}, "https://codexery.com/wu-tang-clan/e/places/staten-island/": {"t": "Staten Island", "s": "The Staten Island crucible where nine members forged a hip-hop empire."}, "https://codexery.com/theological-and-philosophical-debates/e/part-1/atheism/": {"t": "Atheism", "s": "Atheism is the absence or rejection of belief in deities."}, "https://codexery.com/modernist-20th-century-poets/e/part-1/sergei-yesenin/": {"t": "Sergei Yesenin", "s": "Russian lyric poet of peasant origins, known for his nostalgic and critical verses on village life and urbanization.", "i": "https://codexery.com/modernist-20th-century-poets/img/part-1/sergei-yesenin.webp", "c": "Главархив Москвы · CC BY 4.0"}, "https://codexery.com/historical-figures/e/notable/fyodor-dostoevsky/": {"t": "Fyodor Dostoevsky", "s": "Russian novelist and philosopher of the human condition"}, "https://codexery.com/international-organizations-and-agreemen/e/part-1/international-red-cross-and-red-crescent-movement/": {"t": "international-red-cross-and-red-crescent-movement", "s": ""}, "https://codexery.com/russian-regions/e/part-1/smolensk-oblast/": {"t": "Smolensk Oblast", "s": "The land of the Dnieper and the first cosmonaut."}, "https://codexery.com/infectious-diseases/e/part-1/diphtheria/": {"t": "diphtheria", "s": ""}, "https://codexery.com/russian-cities/e/part-1/grozny/": {"t": "Grozny", "s": "The fearsome fortress on the Sunzha, oil heart of the Caucasus."}, "https://codexery.com/russian-cities/e/part-1/vladikavkaz/": {"t": "Vladikavkaz", "s": "Capital of North Ossetia–Alania, at the foothills of the Caucasus."}, "https://codexery.com/literary-forms-tropes/e/part-1/almanac/": {"t": "almanac", "s": ""}, "https://codexery.com/russian-and-soviet-writers/e/part-1/aleksey-nikolayevich-tolstoy/": {"t": "Aleksey Nikolayevich Tolstoy", "s": "Russian and Soviet writer of science fiction and historical fiction."}, "/e/authors-and-poets/maxim-gorky/": {"t": "Maxim Gorky", "s": "Russian and Soviet writer, journalist, and socialist advocate."}, "https://codexery.com/science-fiction-and-fantasy-writers/e/part-1/alexander-belyaev/": {"t": "Alexander Belyaev", "s": "Soviet Russian science fiction writer, often called 'Russia's Jules Verne'."}, "https://codexery.com/historical-figures/e/notable/h-g-wells/": {"t": "H. G. Wells", "s": "English writer and prophetic social critic."}, "https://codexery.com/languages-and-writing-systems/e/part-1/russian-language/": {"t": "russian-language", "s": ""}, "https://codexery.com/ukrainian-oblasts/e/part-1/chernihiv-oblast/": {"t": "Chernihiv Oblast", "s": "Northern Ukrainian oblast with deep historical and strategic importance."}, "https://codexery.com/rivers-and-seas-of-the-world/e/part-1/don-river/": {"t": "Don (river)", "s": "Fifth-longest river in Europe, key Byzantine trade route.", "i": "https://codexery.com/rivers-and-seas-of-the-world/img/part-1/don-river.webp", "c": "High Contrast · via Wikipedia: Don (river) · CC BY-SA 2.0 de"}, "https://codexery.com/historical-figures/e/notable/aleksandr-solzhenitsyn/": {"t": "Aleksandr Solzhenitsyn", "s": "Soviet and Russian author and dissident who exposed the Gulag."}, "https://codexery.com/social-issues/e/part-1/nobel-prize/": {"t": "Nobel Prize", "s": "Prestigious awards for the greatest benefit to humankind."}, "https://codexery.com/performing-arts-music-genres/e/part-1/comedy/": {"t": "Comedy", "s": "A dramatic genre intended to amuse through laughter."}, "https://codexery.com/languages-and-dialects/e/part-1/french-language/": {"t": "french-language", "s": ""}, "https://codexery.com/historical-figures/e/notable/louis-xiv/": {"t": "Louis XIV", "s": "The Sun King who defined absolute monarchy and led France to European dominance."}, "https://codexery.com/literary-works/e/part-1/tartuffe/": {"t": "tartuffe", "s": ""}, "https://codexery.com/monarchs-and-nobility/e/part-1/louis-xiii/": {"t": "Louis XIII", "s": "King of France and Navarre, known for ending noble revolts and establishing the Académie française with Cardinal Richelieu."}, "https://codexery.com/french-regions/e/part-1/languedoc/": {"t": "languedoc", "s": ""}, "/e/authors-and-poets/luigi-pirandello/": {"t": "Luigi Pirandello", "s": "Italian dramatist awarded the 1934 Nobel Prize in Literature."}, "https://codexery.com/cardiovascular-blood/e/part-1/bleeding/": {"t": "bleeding", "s": ""}, "https://codexery.com/musical-forms-and-genres/e/part-1/opera/": {"t": "Opera", "s": "Western theatre where music is fundamental and singers take dramatic roles."}, "https://codexery.com/greek-myths/e/part-1/apollo/": {"t": "apollo", "s": ""}, "https://codexery.com/stage-legends/e/part-1/hume-cronyn/": {"t": "Hume Cronyn", "s": "Canadian-American stage legend and husband of Jessica Tandy"}, "https://codexery.com/historical-figures/e/writers/laurence-olivier/": {"t": "Laurence Olivier", "s": "English actor and director who dominated mid-20th century British stage."}, "/e/authors-and-poets/mikhail-bulgakov/": {"t": "Mikhail Bulgakov", "s": "Russian and Soviet novelist and playwright whose posthumous novel reshaped his reputation."}, "https://codexery.com/indian-states/e/part-1/punjab/": {"t": "punjab", "s": ""}, "https://codexery.com/languages-of-the-world/e/part-1/urdu/": {"t": "urdu", "s": ""}, "https://codexery.com/islamic-concepts-and-practices/e/part-1/islamic-philosophy/": {"t": "islamic-philosophy", "s": ""}, "https://codexery.com/fifa-world-cup/e/honours/england/": {"t": "England", "s": "Land of the Angles, birthplace of football and the Industrial Revolution."}, "https://codexery.com/languages-and-writing-systems/e/part-1/persian-language/": {"t": "persian-language", "s": ""}, "https://codexery.com/abrahamic-religions-criticism/e/part-1/islamic-world/": {"t": "islamic-world", "s": ""}, "https://codexery.com/historical-events-places/e/part-1/partition-of-india/": {"t": "partition-of-india", "s": ""}, "https://codexery.com/languages-and-writing-systems/e/part-1/punjabi-language/": {"t": "punjabi-language", "s": ""}, "https://codexery.com/historical-figures/e/notable/rumi/": {"t": "Rumi", "s": "Sufi mystic, poet, and founder of the Mevlevi Order"}, "https://codexery.com/historical-figures/e/scientists/georg-wilhelm-friedrich-hegel/": {"t": "Georg Wilhelm Friedrich Hegel", "s": "German philosopher and major figure in German idealism"}, "https://codexery.com/historical-figures/e/scientists/friedrich-nietzsche/": {"t": "Friedrich Nietzsche", "s": "German philosopher and philologist known for his critiques of religion, morality, and truth."}, "https://codexery.com/legal-systems-courts/e/part-1/barrister/": {"t": "barrister", "s": ""}, "https://codexery.com/novels-and-epics/e/part-1/goethe-s-faust/": {"t": "Goethe's Faust", "s": "A two-part tragic play by Johann Wolfgang von Goethe.", "i": "https://codexery.com/novels-and-epics/img/part-1/goethe-s-faust.webp", "c": "via Wikipedia: Goethe's Faust · see source"}, "https://codexery.com/abrahamic-religions/e/part-1/ummah/": {"t": "ummah", "s": ""}, "https://codexery.com/fifa-world-cup/e/honours/spain/": {"t": "Spain", "s": "A country spanning the Iberian Peninsula, with a history from Roman Hispania to a modern constitutional monarchy."}, "https://codexery.com/governments-and-political-systems/e/part-1/indian-national-congress/": {"t": "indian-national-congress", "s": ""}, "https://codexery.com/cities-on-rivers/e/part-1/prayagraj/": {"t": "prayagraj", "s": ""}, "https://codexery.com/historical-eras/e/part-1/heian-period/": {"t": "heian-period", "s": ""}, "https://codexery.com/literary-works/e/part-1/the-tale-of-genji/": {"t": "the-tale-of-genji", "s": ""}, "https://codexery.com/great-lakes-of-the-world/e/part-1/lake-biwa/": {"t": "lake-biwa", "s": ""}, "https://codexery.com/medieval-and-early-modern-asian-empires/e/part-1/fujiwara-clan/": {"t": "Fujiwara clan", "s": "Powerful family of imperial regents dominating Japan's court."}, "https://codexery.com/forms-of-government/e/part-1/governor/": {"t": "governor", "s": ""}, "https://codexery.com/extraterrestrial-life-in-popular-culture/e/part-1/the-tale-of-the-bamboo-cutter/": {"t": "the-tale-of-the-bamboo-cutter", "s": ""}, "https://codexery.com/iconic-characters/e/part-1/hikaru-genji/": {"t": "hikaru-genji", "s": ""}, "https://codexery.com/human-relationships-and-life-stages/e/part-1/concubinage/": {"t": "concubinage", "s": ""}, "https://codexery.com/literary-forms-tropes/e/part-1/canon-fiction/": {"t": "canon-fiction", "s": ""}, "https://codexery.com/asian-literary-voices/e/part-1/sei-sh-nagon/": {"t": "sei-sh-nagon", "s": ""}, "https://codexery.com/writers-poets/e/part-1/bai-juyi/": {"t": "Bai Juyi", "s": "Tang dynasty poet, politician, and musician known for vernacular verse and long narrative poems."}, "https://codexery.com/buddhist-concepts-and-schools/e/part-1/sutra/": {"t": "sutra", "s": ""}, "https://codexery.com/historians-and-philosophers-of-history/e/part-1/edwin-o-reischauer/": {"t": "edwin-o-reischauer", "s": ""}, "https://codexery.com/historical-figures/e/notable/confucius/": {"t": "Confucius", "s": "The paragon of Chinese sages and founder of Confucianism."}, "https://codexery.com/persian-arabic-poets/e/part-1/taha-hussein/": {"t": "Taha Hussein", "s": "Dean of Arabic Literature and Egyptian modernist intellectual"}, "https://codexery.com/film-history-movements/e/part-1/cinema-of-egypt/": {"t": "cinema-of-egypt", "s": ""}, "https://codexery.com/government-public-administration/e/part-1/civil-service/": {"t": "civil-service", "s": ""}, "https://codexery.com/news-media/e/part-1/al-ahram/": {"t": "Al-Ahram", "s": "The most widely circulating Egyptian daily, founded in 1876."}, "/e/authors-and-poets/marcel-proust/": {"t": "Marcel Proust", "s": "French novelist who pioneered stream of consciousness."}, "https://codexery.com/historical-figures/e/notable/franz-kafka/": {"t": "Franz Kafka", "s": "German-language Jewish Czech writer of surreal bureaucratic predicaments."}, "https://codexery.com/modernist-prose-masters/e/part-1/james-joyce/": {"t": "James Joyce", "s": "Modernist prose master whose works center on Dublin and revolutionized literary style.", "i": "https://codexery.com/modernist-prose-masters/img/part-1/james-joyce.webp", "c": "via Wikipedia: James Joyce · see source"}, "https://codexery.com/african-independence-leaders-post-coloni/e/part-1/gamal-abdel-nasser/": {"t": "gamal-abdel-nasser", "s": ""}, "https://codexery.com/straits-and-channels/e/part-1/suez-canal/": {"t": "Suez Canal", "s": "The Suez Canal: a vital sea-level waterway linking the Mediterranean and Red Seas, dividing Africa and Asia."}, "https://codexery.com/historical-figures/e/notable/anwar-sadat/": {"t": "Anwar Sadat", "s": "Third President of Egypt, leader of the October War and architect of the Camp David Accords"}, "https://codexery.com/film-history-movements/e/part-1/cinema-of-mexico/": {"t": "cinema-of-mexico", "s": ""}, "https://codexery.com/painting-visual-arts/e/part-1/grotesque/": {"t": "Grotesque", "s": "A term for distorted forms evoking bizarreness and pity."}, "https://codexery.com/literary-giants/e/part-1/vladimir-nabokov/": {"t": "vladimir-nabokov", "s": ""}, "https://codexery.com/daft-punk/e/places/paris/": {"t": "Paris", "s": "A neon-drenched metropolis where human creativity sparks the fire of robotic evolution."}, "https://codexery.com/writers-poets/e/part-1/adam-mickiewicz/": {"t": "Adam Mickiewicz", "s": "Polish Romantic poet and national bard of Poland, Lithuania, and Belarus.", "i": "https://codexery.com/writers-poets/img/part-1/adam-mickiewicz.webp", "c": "Unknown authorUnknown author · via Wikipedia: Adam Mickiewicz · Public domain"}, "https://codexery.com/classic-poetry-and-epics/e/part-1/the-divine-comedy/": {"t": "the-divine-comedy", "s": ""}, "https://codexery.com/limbo/e/characters/inferno-dante/": {"t": "Inferno (Dante)", "s": "First part of Dante's Divine Comedy, depicting a journey through Hell.", "i": "https://codexery.com/limbo/img/characters/inferno-dante.webp", "c": "via Wikipedia: Inferno (Dante) · Public domain"}, "https://codexery.com/epic-poetry-myth/e/part-1/purgatorio/": {"t": "purgatorio", "s": ""}, "https://codexery.com/modern-political-theorists-and-sociologi/e/part-1/aleksey-khomyakov/": {"t": "Aleksey Khomyakov", "s": "Russian theologian, philosopher, and co-founder of Slavophilism."}, "https://codexery.com/ethnic-groups/e/part-1/kurds/": {"t": "kurds", "s": ""}, "https://codexery.com/russian-cities/e/part-1/derbent/": {"t": "Derbent", "s": "The southernmost city in Russia, a historic gateway between the Caspian Sea and the Caucasus Mountains."}, "https://codexery.com/crime-justice/e/part-1/law/": {"t": "law", "s": ""}, "https://codexery.com/religious-traditions/e/part-1/christianity/": {"t": "Christianity", "s": "World's largest religion, centered on Jesus Christ."}, "https://codexery.com/literary-novels-and-classics/e/part-1/shahnameh/": {"t": "shahnameh", "s": ""}, "https://codexery.com/poetry-collections-and-epic-poems/e/part-1/masnavi/": {"t": "Masnavi", "s": "A Persian mystical poem considered one of the greatest in world literature."}, "https://codexery.com/historical-figures/e/notable/alexander-the-great/": {"t": "Alexander the Great", "s": "King of Macedon who created a vast empire from Greece to India."}, "https://codexery.com/poetry-collections-and-epic-poems/e/part-1/layla-and-majnun/": {"t": "Layla and Majnun", "s": "Ancient Arab lovers whose story inspired centuries of poetry."}, "https://codexery.com/pre-columbian-empires/e/part-1/mughal-empire/": {"t": "Mughal Empire", "s": "An early modern empire in South Asia, founded in 1526.", "i": "https://codexery.com/pre-columbian-empires/img/part-1/mughal-empire.webp", "c": "via Wikipedia: Empire · see source"}, "https://codexery.com/notable-buildings-and-monuments/e/part-1/dome-of-the-rock/": {"t": "Dome of the Rock", "s": "World's oldest surviving Islamic architectural monument."}, "https://codexery.com/classes-of-angels/e/part-1/archangel/": {"t": "archangel", "s": ""}, "https://codexery.com/ancient-empires/e/part-1/sassanid-empire/": {"t": "sassanid-empire", "s": ""}, "https://codexery.com/islamic-mythology/e/part-1/dhu-l-qarnayn/": {"t": "dhu-l-qarnayn", "s": ""}, "https://codexery.com/government-and-law/e/part-1/republic/": {"t": "republic", "s": ""}, "https://codexery.com/political-systems-elections/e/part-1/freedom-of-speech/": {"t": "Freedom of speech", "s": "A human right to express opinions without fear of retaliation."}, "https://codexery.com/media-and-publishing/e/part-1/journalism/": {"t": "Journalism", "s": "Journalism informs society through verified reports on events and ideas.", "i": "https://codexery.com/media-and-publishing/img/part-1/journalism.webp", "c": "Niccolò Caranti · CC BY-SA 4.0"}, "https://codexery.com/universities/e/part-1/istanbul-university/": {"t": "Istanbul University", "s": "First university in modern Turkey, founded in 1453.", "i": "https://codexery.com/universities/img/part-1/istanbul-university.webp", "c": "Kadı · CC BY 4.0"}, "https://codexery.com/media-and-publishing/e/part-1/the-new-york-times/": {"t": "The New York Times", "s": "The Gray Lady, a U.S."}, "https://codexery.com/historical-figures/e/notable/suleiman-the-magnificent/": {"t": "Suleiman the Magnificent", "s": "Ottoman sultan who expanded the empire and reformed its laws."}, "https://codexery.com/international-organizations-and-agreemen/e/part-1/international-covenant-on-civil-and-political-rights/": {"t": "international-covenant-on-civil-and-political-rights", "s": ""}, "https://codexery.com/writers-poets/e/part-1/gabriel-garc-a-m-rquez/": {"t": "Gabriel García Márquez", "s": "Colombian writer and journalist, Nobel laureate in literature.", "i": "https://codexery.com/writers-poets/img/part-1/gabriel-garc-a-m-rquez.webp", "c": "Jose Lara · via Wikipedia: Gabriel García Márquez · CC BY-SA 2.0"}, "https://codexery.com/european-literary-masters/e/part-1/g-nter-grass/": {"t": "g-nter-grass", "s": ""}, "https://codexery.com/literary-giants/e/part-1/umberto-eco/": {"t": "umberto-eco", "s": ""}, "https://codexery.com/european-modernists/e/part-1/mario-vargas-llosa/": {"t": "mario-vargas-llosa", "s": ""}, "https://codexery.com/gothic-psychological-fiction/e/part-1/the-picture-of-dorian-gray/": {"t": "the-picture-of-dorian-gray", "s": ""}, "https://codexery.com/literary-works/e/part-1/the-importance-of-being-earnest/": {"t": "the-importance-of-being-earnest", "s": ""}, "https://codexery.com/cities/e/capitals/dublin/": {"t": "Dublin", "s": "Capital of Ireland, city of the black pool and the hurdled ford."}, "https://codexery.com/legal-concepts-doctrines/e/part-1/defamation/": {"t": "defamation", "s": ""}, "https://codexery.com/criminal-law-and-procedure/e/part-1/penal-labour/": {"t": "penal-labour", "s": ""}, "https://codexery.com/philosophical-movements-and-schools/e/part-1/hedonism/": {"t": "Hedonism", "s": "Philosophical views prioritizing pleasure as central to value and motivation."}, "https://codexery.com/medical-specialties/e/part-1/ophthalmology/": {"t": "Ophthalmology", "s": "Branch of medicine for eye disease diagnosis, treatment, and surgery.", "i": "https://codexery.com/medical-specialties/img/part-1/ophthalmology.webp", "c": "Hodge120 · CC BY-SA 4.0"}, "https://codexery.com/mystery-crime-writers/e/part-1/sheridan-le-fanu/": {"t": "Sheridan Le Fanu", "s": "Irish Gothic writer and early locked-room mystery author.", "i": "https://codexery.com/mystery-crime-writers/img/part-1/sheridan-le-fanu.webp", "c": "via Wikipedia: Locked-room mystery · see source"}, "https://codexery.com/mystery-and-thriller-writers/e/part-1/bram-stoker/": {"t": "Bram Stoker", "s": "The father of vampire fiction and creator of Count Dracula.", "i": "https://codexery.com/mystery-and-thriller-writers/img/part-1/bram-stoker.webp", "c": "via Wikipedia: Bram Stoker · see source"}, "https://codexery.com/historical-figures/e/writers/sarah-bernhardt/": {"t": "Sarah Bernhardt", "s": "The divine Sarah: French stage actress, sculptor, and pioneer of sound recordings and motion pictures."}, "https://codexery.com/opera-composers/e/part-1/gilbert-and-sullivan/": {"t": "Gilbert and Sullivan", "s": "Victorian theatrical duo of librettist and composer."}, "https://codexery.com/media-and-publishing/e/part-1/the-washington-post/": {"t": "The Washington Post", "s": "American daily newspaper and newspaper of record."}, "https://codexery.com/literary-giants/e/part-1/rudyard-kipling/": {"t": "rudyard-kipling", "s": ""}, "https://codexery.com/historical-figures/e/notable/augustus/": {"t": "Augustus", "s": "Founder of the Roman Empire and its first emperor."}, "https://codexery.com/ancient-empires/e/part-1/roman-empire/": {"t": "roman-empire", "s": ""}, "https://codexery.com/rivers-and-seas-of-the-world/e/part-1/black-sea/": {"t": "Black Sea", "s": "Marginal sea between Europe and Asia with anoxic deep waters.", "i": "https://codexery.com/rivers-and-seas-of-the-world/img/part-1/black-sea.webp", "c": "via Wikipedia: Black Sea · see source"}, "https://codexery.com/historical-eras/e/part-1/late-antiquity/": {"t": "late-antiquity", "s": ""}, "https://codexery.com/art-movements-styles/e/part-1/art-of-europe/": {"t": "art-of-europe", "s": ""}, "https://codexery.com/mountain-ranges-and-massifs/e/part-1/apennine-mountains/": {"t": "Apennine Mountains", "s": "The mountain range forming the backbone of peninsular Italy."}, "https://codexery.com/peninsulas-and-cape-landforms/e/part-1/anatolia/": {"t": "Anatolia", "s": "Peninsula in West Asia, historic cradle of civilizations.", "i": "https://codexery.com/peninsulas-and-cape-landforms/img/part-1/anatolia.webp", "c": "Anatolianist · CC BY-SA 4.0"}, "https://codexery.com/historical-figures/e/notable/julius-caesar/": {"t": "Julius Caesar", "s": "Roman general, dictator, and author who transformed the Republic."}, "https://codexery.com/stars-and-stellar-objects/e/part-1/constellation/": {"t": "Constellation", "s": "Patterns in the sky that guide stories and navigation."}, "https://codexery.com/international-law-diplomacy/e/part-1/roman-law/": {"t": "roman-law", "s": ""}, "https://codexery.com/relationships-and-human-sexuality/e/part-1/monogamy/": {"t": "Monogamy", "s": "A relationship of two individuals in an exclusive intimate partnership."}, "https://codexery.com/roman-mythology/e/part-1/heroides/": {"t": "Heroides", "s": "Ovid's collection of fictional letters from mythological heroines to their lovers."}, "https://codexery.com/historical-figures/e/scientists/herodotus/": {"t": "Herodotus", "s": "The Father of History"}, "https://codexery.com/mythological-kidnapped-people/e/part-1/helen-of-troy/": {"t": "Helen of Troy", "s": "Her face launched a thousand ships toward Troy.", "i": "https://codexery.com/mythological-kidnapped-people/img/part-1/helen-of-troy.webp", "c": "Antonio Canova · Public domain"}, "https://codexery.com/historical-figures/e/notable/catullus/": {"t": "Catullus", "s": "Latin neoteric poet of the late Roman Republic"}, "https://codexery.com/egypt-myths/e/part-1/isis/": {"t": "isis", "s": ""}, "https://codexery.com/poets-of-the-ancient-world/e/part-1/aratus/": {"t": "Aratus", "s": "Greek didactic poet known for his astronomical poem Phenomena.", "i": "https://codexery.com/poets-of-the-ancient-world/img/part-1/aratus.webp", "c": "NASA/GSFC/Arizona State University · Public domain"}, "https://codexery.com/narrative-techniques-genres/e/part-1/historical-fiction/": {"t": "Historical fiction", "s": "Fictional narratives set in real historical periods."}, "https://codexery.com/political-leaders-revolutionaries/e/part-1/augusto-pinochet/": {"t": "Augusto Pinochet", "s": "Chilean army officer and military dictator who ruled from 1973 to 1990"}, "https://codexery.com/pathogenic-bacteria/e/part-1/clostridium-botulinum/": {"t": "Clostridium botulinum", "s": "Anaerobic bacterium producing the most potent known neurotoxin."}, "https://codexery.com/cities-on-rivers/e/part-1/yangon/": {"t": "yangon", "s": ""}, "https://codexery.com/miscellaneous-cities/e/part-1/colombo/": {"t": "Colombo", "s": "Colombo is Sri Lanka's executive, judicial, and commercial capital."}, "https://codexery.com/cities/e/cultural/buenos-aires/": {"t": "Buenos Aires", "s": "The Autonomous City of Buenos Aires: a multicultural capital with eclectic European architecture."}, "https://codexery.com/uefa-champions-league/e/history/barcelona/": {"t": "Barcelona", "s": "Capital of Catalonia, Mediterranean metropolis, and home to UNESCO architectural masterpieces."}, "https://codexery.com/disorders-causing-seizures/e/part-1/hydrocephalus/": {"t": "hydrocephalus", "s": ""}, "https://codexery.com/modern-conflicts/e/part-1/spanish-civil-war/": {"t": "Spanish Civil War", "s": "Civil war between Republicans and Nationalists in Spain."}, "https://codexery.com/historical-figures/e/notable/francisco-franco/": {"t": "Francisco Franco", "s": "Spanish military general and dictator who ruled Spain from 1939 to 1975."}, "https://codexery.com/historical-figures/e/notable/ernest-hemingway/": {"t": "Ernest Hemingway", "s": "American novelist, short-story writer, and journalist known for his economical style and adventurous life."}, "https://codexery.com/modernist-20th-century-poets/e/part-1/stephen-spender/": {"t": "Stephen Spender", "s": "English poet, novelist, and essayist on social injustice.", "i": "https://codexery.com/modernist-20th-century-poets/img/part-1/stephen-spender.webp", "c": "via Wikipedia: Modernist poetry in English · see source"}, "https://codexery.com/fifa-world-cup/e/culture/mexico-city/": {"t": "Mexico City", "s": "Mexico City is the capital and largest city of Mexico, as well as the most populous city in North America."}, "https://codexery.com/historical-figures/e/notable/leon-trotsky/": {"t": "Leon Trotsky", "s": "Russian revolutionary, Soviet politician, and Marxist theorist."}, "https://codexery.com/world-wonders/e/part-1/machu-picchu/": {"t": "Machu Picchu", "s": "A 15th-century Inca citadel in the Peruvian Andes.", "i": "https://codexery.com/world-wonders/img/part-1/machu-picchu.webp", "c": "via Wikipedia: Machu Picchu · see source"}, "https://codexery.com/diseases-and-conditions/e/part-1/prostate-cancer/": {"t": "prostate-cancer", "s": ""}, "https://codexery.com/languages-and-dialects/e/part-1/hindustani-language/": {"t": "hindustani-language", "s": ""}, "https://codexery.com/languages-and-dialects/e/part-1/hindi/": {"t": "hindi", "s": ""}, "https://codexery.com/family-relationships/e/part-1/stepmother/": {"t": "stepmother", "s": ""}, "https://codexery.com/human-relationships-and-life-stages/e/part-1/arranged-marriage/": {"t": "arranged-marriage", "s": ""}, "https://codexery.com/political-leaders-revolutionaries/e/part-1/bal-gangadhar-tilak/": {"t": "Bal Gangadhar Tilak", "s": "Indian nationalist and self-rule activist; advocate of Swaraj."}, "https://codexery.com/revolutions-and-conflicts/e/part-1/indian-independence-movement/": {"t": "Indian independence movement", "s": "Political efforts to end British colonial rule in India."}, "/e/authors-and-poets/rabindranath-tagore/": {"t": "Rabindranath Tagore", "s": "The Bard of Bengal", "i": "https://codexery.com/authors-poets/img/authors-and-poets/rabindranath-tagore.webp", "c": "Georges Chevalier · via Wikipedia: Rabindranath Tagore · CC BY 4.0"}, "/e/authors-and-poets/muhammad-iqbal/": {"t": "Muhammad Iqbal", "s": "Islamic philosopher and poet whose vision inspired the Pakistan Movement"}, "https://codexery.com/relationships-and-human-sexuality/e/part-1/prostitution/": {"t": "Prostitution", "s": "Sex work involving payment for sexual activity, with varied legal statuses worldwide."}, "https://codexery.com/society-and-culture/e/part-1/poverty/": {"t": "Poverty", "s": "A condition of lacking financial resources and essentials for basic living."}, "https://codexery.com/historical-figures/e/notable/swami-vivekananda/": {"t": "Swami Vivekananda", "s": "Indian monk who introduced Vedanta and Yoga to the West."}, "https://codexery.com/historical-figures/e/scientists/sima-qian/": {"t": "Sima Qian", "s": "Father of Chinese historiography who endured castration to complete the Shiji."}, "https://codexery.com/classic-poetry-and-epics/e/part-1/chu-ci/": {"t": "chu-ci", "s": ""}, "https://codexery.com/festivals-and-celebrations/e/part-1/dragon-boat-festival/": {"t": "dragon-boat-festival", "s": ""}, "https://codexery.com/rivers-of-the-world/e/part-1/yangtze/": {"t": "Yangtze", "s": "Longest river in China, third-longest in the world."}, "https://codexery.com/east-asian-history/e/part-1/qin-state/": {"t": "qin-state", "s": ""}, "https://codexery.com/ancient-empires/e/part-1/song-dynasty/": {"t": "song-dynasty", "s": ""}, "https://codexery.com/founders-of-new-religious-movements/e/part-1/zhu-xi/": {"t": "zhu-xi", "s": ""}, "https://codexery.com/ancient-empires/e/part-1/han-dynasty/": {"t": "han-dynasty", "s": ""}, "https://codexery.com/pre-columbian-empires/e/part-1/shang-dynasty/": {"t": "Shang dynasty", "s": "Earliest Chinese dynasty confirmed by archaeology and written records."}, "https://codexery.com/ancient-empires/e/part-1/zhou-dynasty/": {"t": "zhou-dynasty", "s": ""}, "https://codexery.com/bruce-lee/e/places/taoism/": {"t": "Taoism", "s": "Be like water: the ultimate path to fluidity and formless combat."}, "https://codexery.com/society-and-culture/e/part-1/patriotism/": {"t": "Patriotism", "s": "Love and devotion to one's country, distinct from nationalism."}, "https://codexery.com/plays-drama/e/part-1/hamlet/": {"t": "Hamlet", "s": "A tragedy of revenge, madness, and moral uncertainty."}, "https://codexery.com/british-literary-classics/e/part-1/king-lear/": {"t": "king-lear", "s": ""}, "https://codexery.com/modern-conflicts/e/part-1/chinese-civil-war/": {"t": "Chinese Civil War", "s": "Civil war between KMT and CCP, ending in Communist victory."}, "https://codexery.com/water-sports/e/part-1/dragon-boat/": {"t": "Dragon boat", "s": "Traditional Chinese paddled watercraft with over 2000 years of history.", "i": "https://codexery.com/water-sports/img/part-1/dragon-boat.webp", "c": "Newnujilb · CC BY-SA 4.0"}, "https://codexery.com/regions-cultural-spheres/e/part-1/sinosphere/": {"t": "Sinosphere", "s": "A historical cultural sphere shaped by Chinese influence in East Asia."}, "https://codexery.com/astrobiology-space-missions/e/part-1/tianwen-1/": {"t": "tianwen-1", "s": ""}, "https://codexery.com/effects-of-external-causes/e/part-1/idiosyncrasy/": {"t": "idiosyncrasy", "s": ""}, "https://codexery.com/classic-poetry-and-epics/e/part-1/duino-elegies/": {"t": "duino-elegies", "s": ""}, "https://codexery.com/epic-poetry-myth/e/part-1/sonnets-to-orpheus/": {"t": "sonnets-to-orpheus", "s": ""}, "https://codexery.com/cities/e/cultural/prague/": {"t": "Prague", "s": "City of a Hundred Spires"}, "https://codexery.com/portraitists-and-storytellers/e/part-1/paula-modersohn-becker/": {"t": "Paula Modersohn-Becker", "s": "German Expressionist painter and draftswoman, pioneer of nude self-portraiture."}, "https://codexery.com/historical-figures/e/artists/paul-c-zanne/": {"t": "Paul Cézanne", "s": "French Post-Impressionist painter who bridged Impressionism and Cubism", "i": "https://codexery.com/historical-figures/img/artists/paul-c-zanne.webp", "c": "Unknown; Cézanne was born in 1839 and died in 1906 · via Wikipedia: Paul Cézanne · Public domain"}, "https://codexery.com/old-masters/e/part-1/el-greco/": {"t": "El Greco", "s": "Greek painter, sculptor and architect of the Spanish Renaissance, known for tortuously elongated figures and fantastic pigmentation."}, "https://codexery.com/composers/e/part-1/johann-sebastian-bach/": {"t": "johann-sebastian-bach", "s": ""}, "https://codexery.com/activists-social-reformers/e/part-1/rosa-luxemburg/": {"t": "rosa-luxemburg", "s": ""}, "https://codexery.com/rivers-and-seas-of-the-world/e/part-1/adriatic-sea/": {"t": "Adriatic Sea", "s": "Northernmost arm of the Mediterranean, separating Italy from the Balkans.", "i": "https://codexery.com/rivers-and-seas-of-the-world/img/part-1/adriatic-sea.webp", "c": "via Wikipedia: Adriatic Sea · see source"}, "https://codexery.com/bruce-springsteen/e/awards/national-medal-of-arts/": {"t": "National Medal of Arts", "s": "Honoring a lifetime of musical storytelling and contribution to American culture."}, "https://codexery.com/screen-legends/e/part-1/douglas-fairbanks/": {"t": "Douglas Fairbanks", "s": "The King of Hollywood who defined the swashbuckling hero."}, "https://codexery.com/us-cities/e/part-1/tucson-arizona/": {"t": "Tucson, Arizona", "s": "Second-largest city in Arizona, founded as a Spanish presidio in 1775."}, "https://codexery.com/historical-figures/e/notable/john-donne/": {"t": "John Donne", "s": "Metaphysical poet and Dean of St Paul's"}, "https://codexery.com/science-fiction-and-fantasy-writers/e/part-1/robert-a-heinlein/": {"t": "Robert A. Heinlein", "s": "American science fiction author, engineer, and naval officer."}, "https://codexery.com/science-fiction-and-fantasy-writers/e/part-1/a-e-van-vogt/": {"t": "A. E. van Vogt", "s": "Canadian-born American science fiction writer of the Golden Age."}, "https://codexery.com/actors-from-the-golden-age-of-hollywood/e/part-1/norma-shearer/": {"t": "norma-shearer", "s": ""}, "https://codexery.com/actors-filmmakers/e/part-1/laurel-and-hardy/": {"t": "laurel-and-hardy", "s": ""}, "https://codexery.com/classic-hollywood-icons/e/part-1/ronald-colman/": {"t": "ronald-colman", "s": ""}, "https://codexery.com/christopher-nolan/e/organizations/paramount-pictures/": {"t": "Paramount Pictures", "s": "The mountain that watched a father leave the Earth and never quite come back."}, "https://codexery.com/historical-figures/e/writers/cary-grant/": {"t": "Cary Grant", "s": "The debonair leading man of classic Hollywood."}, "https://codexery.com/film-theater/e/part-1/marlene-dietrich/": {"t": "marlene-dietrich", "s": ""}, "https://codexery.com/celebrity-entertainers/e/part-1/mae-west/": {"t": "mae-west", "s": ""}, "https://codexery.com/fifa-world-cup/e/culture/los-angeles/": {"t": "Los Angeles", "s": "City of Angels, global hub of culture and innovation."}, "https://codexery.com/mystery-crime-writers/e/part-1/dashiell-hammett/": {"t": "Dashiell Hammett", "s": "The dean of the hard-boiled school of detective fiction.", "i": "https://codexery.com/mystery-crime-writers/img/part-1/dashiell-hammett.webp", "c": "via Wikipedia: Dashiell Hammett · see source"}, "https://codexery.com/historical-figures/e/notable/humphrey-bogart/": {"t": "Humphrey Bogart", "s": "The iconic star of classic Hollywood cinema."}, "https://codexery.com/historical-events-places/e/part-1/spanish-flu/": {"t": "spanish-flu", "s": ""}, "https://codexery.com/mystery-and-thriller-writers/e/part-1/erle-stanley-gardner/": {"t": "Erle Stanley Gardner", "s": "Lawyer turned author who created Perry Mason and outsold every American writer of his era.", "i": "https://codexery.com/mystery-and-thriller-writers/img/part-1/erle-stanley-gardner.webp", "c": "via Wikipedia: Erle Stanley Gardner · see source"}, "https://codexery.com/film-directors-international/e/part-1/billy-wilder/": {"t": "billy-wilder", "s": ""}, "https://codexery.com/lady-gaga/e/awards/academy-awards/": {"t": "Academy Awards", "s": "From winning an Oscar for Shallow to delivering a stark acoustic performance of Hold My Hand."}, "https://codexery.com/historical-figures/e/notable/alfred-hitchcock/": {"t": "Alfred Hitchcock", "s": "Master of Suspense"}, "https://codexery.com/mystery-crime-writers/e/part-1/patricia-highsmith/": {"t": "Patricia Highsmith", "s": "The poet of apprehension", "i": "https://codexery.com/mystery-crime-writers/img/part-1/patricia-highsmith.webp", "c": "AnonymousUnknown author / Harper & Brothers · via Wikipedia: Patricia Highsmith · Public domain"}, "https://codexery.com/christopher-nolan/e/organizations/universal-pictures/": {"t": "Universal Pictures", "s": "The studio that carried the world into the shadow of the mushroom cloud.", "i": "https://codexery.com/christopher-nolan/img/organizations/universal-pictures.webp", "c": "Universal Studios · via Wikipedia: Universal Pictures · Public domain"}, "https://codexery.com/media-and-publishing/e/part-1/library-of-congress/": {"t": "Library of Congress", "s": "Oldest federal cultural institution and de facto national library of the United States.", "i": "https://codexery.com/media-and-publishing/img/part-1/library-of-congress.webp", "c": "Library of Congress Life · CC0"}, "https://codexery.com/medical-conditions/e/part-1/major-depressive-disorder/": {"t": "Major depressive disorder", "s": "A mood disorder causing pervasive low mood and loss of interest."}}