{"https://codexery.com/notable-films/e/notable-films/do-the-right-thing/": {"t": "Do the Right Thing", "s": "A film about racial tension on a hot summer day.", "i": "https://codexery.com/notable-films/img/notable-films/do-the-right-thing.webp", "c": "Mouryan · CC BY-SA 4.0"}, "https://codexery.com/screen-legends/e/screen-legends/denzel-washington/": {"t": "Denzel Washington", "s": "A screen legend with two Oscars, a Tony, and a legacy of powerful performances."}, "https://codexery.com/education-schools/e/education-and-schools/new-york-university/": {"t": "New York University", "s": "A private research university in New York City, founded in 1832 by Albert Gallatin.", "i": "https://codexery.com/education-schools/img/education-and-schools/new-york-university.webp", "c": "via Wikipedia: State University of New York · see source"}, "https://codexery.com/a24-films/e/people/academy-awards/": {"t": "Academy Awards", "s": "Annual awards for cinematic excellence since 1929."}, "https://codexery.com/six-feet-under/e/powers/primetime-emmy-awards/": {"t": "Primetime Emmy Awards", "s": "The Academy of Television Arts & Sciences' top honours for American primetime programming."}, "https://codexery.com/a24-films/e/people/academy-award-for-best-original-screenplay/": {"t": "Academy Award for Best Original Screenplay", "s": "Oscar for screenplays not based on previously published material."}, "https://codexery.com/film-history-milestones/e/film-history-and-milestones/cannes-film-festival/": {"t": "Cannes Film Festival", "s": "The most prestigious film festival in the world, held annually in Cannes, France."}, "https://codexery.com/a24-films/e/people/academy-award-for-best-documentary-feature-film/": {"t": "Academy Award for Best Documentary Feature Film", "s": "Annual award for feature-length documentary films since 1941."}, "https://codexery.com/media-and-publishing/e/media-and-publishing/library-of-congress/": {"t": "Library of Congress", "s": "Oldest federal cultural institution and de facto national library of the United States.", "i": "https://codexery.com/media-and-publishing/img/media-and-publishing/library-of-congress.webp", "c": "Library of Congress Life · CC0"}, "https://codexery.com/notable-films/e/notable-films/eternal-sunshine-of-the-spotless-mind/": {"t": "Eternal Sunshine of the Spotless Mind", "s": "A couple erases each other from memory after a breakup."}, "https://codexery.com/renowned-film-directors-producers/e/renowned-film-directors-and-producers/ang-lee/": {"t": "Ang Lee", "s": "Taiwanese filmmaker acclaimed for emotionally charged, award-winning films.", "i": "https://codexery.com/renowned-film-directors-producers/img/renowned-film-directors-and-producers/ang-lee.webp", "c": "via Wikipedia: Ang Lee · see source"}, "https://codexery.com/modern-leading-men-women/e/modern-leading-men-and-women/ossie-davis/": {"t": "Ossie Davis", "s": "Actor, activist, and voice of conscience.", "i": "https://codexery.com/modern-leading-men-women/img/modern-leading-men-and-women/ossie-davis.webp", "c": "via Wikipedia: Angela Davis · see source"}, "https://codexery.com/modern-leading-men-women/e/modern-leading-men-and-women/ruby-dee/": {"t": "Ruby Dee", "s": "American actress and civil rights figure with a career spanning eight decades.", "i": "https://codexery.com/modern-leading-men-women/img/modern-leading-men-and-women/ruby-dee.webp", "c": "via Wikipedia: Barbara Stanwyck · see source"}, "https://codexery.com/film-history-movements/e/film-history-and-movements/experimental-film/": {"t": "Experimental film", "s": "A mode of filmmaking opposing standard cinematic conventions."}, "https://codexery.com/cities/e/landmark-cities/san-francisco/": {"t": "San Francisco", "s": "The City by the Bay, a center of liberal activism and innovation."}, "https://codexery.com/cities/e/landmark-cities/new-york-city/": {"t": "New York City", "s": "The most populous city in the United States, a global center of finance, culture, and diplomacy."}, "https://codexery.com/pioneering-women-in-film/e/pioneering-women-in-film/maya-deren/": {"t": "Maya Deren", "s": "Pioneer of avant-garde cinema who merged dance, ethnography, and film into perceptual experiences."}, "https://codexery.com/composers-musicians/e/composers-and-musicians/john-cage/": {"t": "John Cage", "s": "American composer known for 4′33″ and chance-controlled music.", "i": "https://codexery.com/composers-musicians/img/composers-and-musicians/john-cage.webp", "c": "via Wikipedia: John Cage · see source"}, "https://codexery.com/finnish-inventions/e/finnish-inventions/sound-film/": {"t": "Sound film", "s": "Motion picture with synchronized sound, commercially viable by the late 1920s."}, "https://codexery.com/types-of-cancer/e/types-of-cancer/bladder-cancer/": {"t": "Bladder cancer", "s": "Bladder cancer is a common malignancy often presenting with blood in urine.", "i": "https://codexery.com/types-of-cancer/img/types-of-cancer/bladder-cancer.webp", "c": "1 User:Rαge 2 Der Reisende at German Wikipedia · CC BY-SA 4.0"}, "https://codexery.com/german-inventions/e/german-inventions/aniline/": {"t": "Aniline", "s": "Simplest aromatic amine, key industrial chemical and dye precursor."}, "https://codexery.com/branches-of-christianity/e/branches-of-christianity/anglicanism/": {"t": "Anglicanism", "s": "A Western Christian tradition rooted in the Church of England."}, "https://codexery.com/composers/e/great-composers/johann-sebastian-bach/": {"t": "Johann Sebastian Bach", "s": "Master of counterpoint and Baroque composition", "i": "https://codexery.com/composers/img/great-composers/johann-sebastian-bach.webp", "c": "via Wikipedia: List of compositions by Johann Sebastian Bach · see source"}, "https://codexery.com/film-theater/e/film-and-theater/martin-scorsese/": {"t": "Martin Scorsese", "s": "American filmmaker and major figure of the New Hollywood era."}, "https://codexery.com/historical-figures/e/notable/george-lucas/": {"t": "George Lucas", "s": "The visionary behind Star Wars and Indiana Jones, a pioneer of modern blockbusters."}, "https://codexery.com/historical-figures/e/notable/gene-kelly/": {"t": "Gene Kelly", "s": "The dancer who brought ballet to the masses and transformed the Hollywood musical."}, "https://codexery.com/film-history/e/film-history/singin-in-the-rain/": {"t": "Singin' in the Rain", "s": "The greatest musical film ever made.", "i": "https://codexery.com/film-history/img/film-history/singin-in-the-rain.webp", "c": "Daderot · CC0"}, "https://codexery.com/films-about-wish-fulfillment/e/films-about-wish-fulfillment/bedazzled-1967-film/": {"t": "Bedazzled (1967 film)", "s": "A comic retelling of the Faust legend set in Swinging London."}, "https://codexery.com/ballet-dance-masters/e/ballet-and-dance-masters/fred-astaire/": {"t": "Fred Astaire", "s": "American dancer and actor, regarded as the greatest popular-music dancer of all time."}, "https://codexery.com/actors-filmmakers/e/actors-and-filmmakers/ginger-rogers/": {"t": "Ginger Rogers", "s": "Oscar-winning actress and dancer, Fred Astaire's partner in RKO's golden run of musicals.", "i": "https://codexery.com/actors-filmmakers/img/actors-and-filmmakers/ginger-rogers.webp", "c": "via Wikipedia: Ginger Rogers · see source"}, "https://codexery.com/classical-opera/e/classical-and-opera/richard-rodgers/": {"t": "Richard Rodgers", "s": ""}, "https://codexery.com/celebrity-entertainers/e/celebrity-entertainers/lucille-ball/": {"t": "Lucille Ball", "s": "American comedian, actress, producer, and studio executive.", "i": "https://codexery.com/celebrity-entertainers/img/celebrity-entertainers/lucille-ball.webp", "c": "via Wikipedia: Lucille Ball · see source"}, "https://codexery.com/christopher-nolan/e/people/columbia-pictures/": {"t": "Columbia Pictures", "s": "A major Hollywood studio since 1924."}, "https://codexery.com/historical-figures/e/notable/frank-sinatra/": {"t": "Frank Sinatra", "s": "The Chairman of the Board"}, "https://codexery.com/children-s-and-animation/e/childrens-and-animation/tom-and-jerry/": {"t": "Tom and Jerry", "s": "Seven Academy Awards for Best Animated Short Film — that's the haul Tom and Jerry came home with, tying for first place alongside the Silly Symphonies series.", "i": "https://codexery.com/children-s-and-animation/img/childrens-and-animation/tom-and-jerry.webp", "c": "にぶさま · CC BY-SA 4.0"}, "https://codexery.com/a24-films/e/people/academy-award-for-best-original-score/": {"t": "Academy Award for Best Original Score", "s": "Annual award for original dramatic film underscoring."}, "https://codexery.com/film-theater/e/film-and-theater/orson-welles/": {"t": "Orson Welles", "s": "Co-founder of the Mercury Theatre and director of the 1937 stage adaptation of Julius Caesar."}, "https://codexery.com/historical-figures/e/writers/judy-garland/": {"t": "Judy Garland", "s": "The voice that defined an era."}, "https://codexery.com/composers-and-songwriters/e/composers-and-songwriters/george-gershwin/": {"t": "George Gershwin", "s": "American composer and pianist of jazz, popular, and classical music."}, "https://codexery.com/film-and-theater-icons/e/film-and-theater-icons/sidney-poitier/": {"t": "Sidney Poitier", "s": "Trailblazing actor and diplomat who broke barriers on screen and in life.", "i": "https://codexery.com/film-and-theater-icons/img/film-and-theater-icons/sidney-poitier.webp", "c": "via Wikipedia: Sidney Poitier · see source"}, "https://codexery.com/historical-figures/e/writers/spencer-tracy/": {"t": "Spencer Tracy", "s": "The first actor to win back-to-back Oscars, Spencer Tracy was a titan of Hollywood's Golden Age."}, "https://codexery.com/historical-figures/e/writers/katharine-hepburn/": {"t": "Katharine Hepburn", "s": "American actress with a record four Academy Awards for Best Actress."}, "https://codexery.com/actors-from-the-golden-age-of-hollywood/e/actors-from-the-golden-age-of-hollywood/montgomery-clift/": {"t": "Montgomery Clift", "s": "American actor, four-time Oscar nominee, method acting pioneer.", "i": "https://codexery.com/actors-from-the-golden-age-of-hollywood/img/actors-from-the-golden-age-of-hollywood/montgomery-clift.webp", "c": "via Wikipedia: Montgomery Clift · see source"}, "https://codexery.com/historical-figures/e/writers/kevin-spacey/": {"t": "Kevin Spacey", "s": "American actor and two-time Academy Award winner"}, "https://codexery.com/christopher-nolan/e/people/20th-century-studios/": {"t": "20th Century Studios", "s": "One of the major American film studios since 1935."}, "https://codexery.com/christopher-nolan/e/people/republic-pictures/": {"t": "Republic Pictures", "s": "A mini-major studio known for Westerns and serials."}, "https://codexery.com/major-wars/e/major-wars/second-world-war/": {"t": "Second World War", "s": "Global conflict between Allies and Axis, deadliest in history."}, "https://codexery.com/actors-filmmakers/e/actors-and-filmmakers/john-ford/": {"t": "John Ford", "s": "American film director and four-time Oscar winner.", "i": "https://codexery.com/actors-filmmakers/img/actors-and-filmmakers/john-ford.webp", "c": "via Wikipedia: John Ford · see source"}, "https://codexery.com/film-and-theater-icons/e/film-and-theater-icons/william-wyler/": {"t": "William Wyler", "s": "German-born American director with 12 Oscar nominations, three wins.", "i": "https://codexery.com/film-and-theater-icons/img/film-and-theater-icons/william-wyler.webp", "c": "via Wikipedia: William Wyler · see source"}, "https://codexery.com/actors-filmmakers/e/actors-and-filmmakers/howard-hawks/": {"t": "Howard Hawks", "s": "American director of classic Hollywood genre films."}, "https://codexery.com/golden-age-hollywood/e/golden-age-hollywood/leo-mccarey/": {"t": "Leo McCarey", "s": "American director of screwball comedies and religious films."}, "https://codexery.com/actors-from-the-golden-age-of-hollywood/e/actors-from-the-golden-age-of-hollywood/kirk-douglas/": {"t": "Kirk Douglas", "s": "The explosive star of Hollywood's Golden Age.", "i": "https://codexery.com/actors-from-the-golden-age-of-hollywood/img/actors-from-the-golden-age-of-hollywood/kirk-douglas.webp", "c": "via Wikipedia: Kirk Douglas · see source"}, "https://codexery.com/historical-figures/e/writers/marlon-brando/": {"t": "Marlon Brando", "s": "The actor who brought naturalism to film and defied convention."}, "https://codexery.com/persian-and-central-asian-poets/e/persian-and-central-asian-poets/bosley-crowther/": {"t": "Bosley Crowther", "s": "American film critic for The New York Times"}, "https://codexery.com/cities/e/modern-metropolis/hong-kong/": {"t": "Hong Kong", "s": "Asia's world city, a global financial hub."}, "https://codexery.com/films-about-body-swapping/e/films-about-body-swapping/a-chinese-odyssey/": {"t": "A Chinese Odyssey", "s": "A two-part Chinese film series based on Journey to the West."}, "https://codexery.com/martial-arts-fantasy-films/e/martial-arts-fantasy-films/shaolin-soccer/": {"t": "Shaolin Soccer", "s": "A kung fu comedy that kicks soccer into fantasy."}, "https://codexery.com/cities-on-rivers/e/cities-on-rivers/ningbo/": {"t": "Ningbo", "s": "A historic port city and economic hub in the Yangtze Delta."}, "https://codexery.com/pre-columbian-empires/e/pre-columbian-empires/tang-dynasty/": {"t": "Tang dynasty", "s": "The Tang dynasty governed China from 618 to 907, with a break between 690 and 705.", "i": "https://codexery.com/pre-columbian-empires/img/pre-columbian-empires/tang-dynasty.webp", "c": "via Wikipedia: Tang dynasty · see source"}, "https://codexery.com/peninsulas-and-isthmuses/e/peninsulas-and-isthmuses/kowloon-peninsula/": {"t": "Kowloon Peninsula", "s": "A historic peninsula in Hong Kong, shaped by reclamation and imperial cessions.", "i": "https://codexery.com/peninsulas-and-isthmuses/img/peninsulas-and-isthmuses/kowloon-peninsula.webp", "c": "via Wikipedia: Tai Kok Tsui · see source"}, "https://codexery.com/boxing-martial-arts/e/boxing-and-martial-arts/bruce-lee/": {"t": "Bruce Lee", "s": "Martial artist, actor, and founder of Jeet Kune Do."}, "https://codexery.com/international-film-stars/e/international-film-stars/tony-leung-chiu-wai/": {"t": "Tony Leung Chiu-wai", "s": "One of Asia's most successful and internationally recognized actors."}, "https://codexery.com/novels-and-epics/e/novels-and-epics/journey-to-the-west/": {"t": "Journey to the West", "s": "A 16th-century Chinese novel blending fantasy, religion, and satire."}, "/e/auteur-directors/zhang-yimou/": {"t": "Zhang Yimou", "s": "Chinese filmmaker and Fifth Generation director."}, "https://codexery.com/crewed-spacecraft-and-space-stations/e/crewed-spacecraft-and-space-stations/shenzhou-spacecraft/": {"t": "Shenzhou (spacecraft)", "s": "Chinese crewed spacecraft based on Soyuz, larger and modernized."}, "https://codexery.com/crewed-shenzhou-missions/e/crewed-shenzhou-missions/shenzhou-5/": {"t": "Shenzhou 5", "s": "China's first crewed spaceflight, launched 15 October 2003."}, "https://codexery.com/crewed-shenzhou-missions/e/crewed-shenzhou-missions/shenzhou-6/": {"t": "Shenzhou 6", "s": "China's second crewed spaceflight, with two astronauts."}, "https://codexery.com/a24-films/e/people/academy-award-for-best-picture/": {"t": "Academy Award for Best Picture", "s": "The Academy's highest honor for film production."}, "https://codexery.com/modern-leading-men-women/e/modern-leading-men-and-women/paul-newman/": {"t": "Paul Newman", "s": "Actor, philanthropist, and racecar driver who co-founded Newman's Own.", "i": "https://codexery.com/modern-leading-men-women/img/modern-leading-men-and-women/paul-newman.webp", "c": "via Wikipedia: Paul Newman · see source"}, "https://codexery.com/historical-figures/e/writers/dustin-hoffman/": {"t": "Dustin Hoffman", "s": "A versatile leading man of New Hollywood, Hoffman won Oscars for Kramer vs. Kramer and Rain Man."}, "https://codexery.com/a24-films/e/awards/academy-award-for-best-supporting-actor/": {"t": "Academy Award for Best Supporting Actor", "s": "The Oscar for a supporting performance by an actor, presented since the 9th Academy Awards."}, "https://codexery.com/stage-and-screen-actresses/e/stage-and-screen-actresses/jane-fonda/": {"t": "Jane Fonda", "s": "American actress and activist with two Oscars and a landmark exercise video series."}, "https://codexery.com/historical-figures/e/writers/jessica-lange/": {"t": "Jessica Lange", "s": "Triple Crown of Acting winner"}, "https://codexery.com/stage-and-screen-actresses/e/stage-and-screen-actresses/holly-hunter/": {"t": "Holly Hunter", "s": "Academy Award-winning actress known for The Piano and Broadcast News."}, "https://codexery.com/auteur-film-directors/e/auteur-film-directors/robert-altman/": {"t": "Robert Altman", "s": "American filmmaker of the New Hollywood era.", "i": "https://codexery.com/auteur-film-directors/img/auteur-film-directors/robert-altman.webp", "c": "via Wikipedia: Robert Altman · see source"}, "https://codexery.com/film-and-theater-icons/e/film-and-theater-icons/woody-allen/": {"t": "Woody Allen", "s": "Heywood \"Woody\" Allen (born Allan Stewart Konigsberg; November 30, 1935) is an American filmmaker, actor, writer, and comedian active for over seventy years.", "i": "https://codexery.com/film-and-theater-icons/img/film-and-theater-icons/woody-allen.webp", "c": "via Wikipedia: Woody Allen · see source"}, "https://codexery.com/film-and-theater-icons/e/film-and-theater-icons/stanley-kubrick/": {"t": "Stanley Kubrick", "s": "Perfectionist American director whose films across many genres became landmarks of cinema.", "i": "https://codexery.com/film-and-theater-icons/img/film-and-theater-icons/stanley-kubrick.webp", "c": "via Wikipedia: Stanley Kubrick · see source"}, "https://codexery.com/modern-leading-men-women/e/modern-leading-men-and-women/robert-redford/": {"t": "Robert Redford", "s": "American actor, director, producer, and Sundance co-founder.", "i": "https://codexery.com/modern-leading-men-women/img/modern-leading-men-and-women/robert-redford.webp", "c": "via Wikipedia: Robert Redford · see source"}, "https://codexery.com/films-based-on-horror-novels/e/films-based-on-horror-novels/audition-1999-film/": {"t": "Audition (1999 film)", "s": "A widower's fake audition leads to a nightmare.", "i": "https://codexery.com/films-based-on-horror-novels/img/films-based-on-horror-novels/audition-1999-film.webp", "c": "Adobe Inc. · Public domain"}, "https://codexery.com/techno-horror-films/e/techno-horror-films/one-missed-call-2003-film/": {"t": "One Missed Call (2003 film)", "s": "A cursed voicemail foretells your death; the call always comes."}, "https://codexery.com/cities/e/capitals/seoul/": {"t": "Seoul", "s": "The dynamic capital of South Korea, blending ancient history with cutting-edge modernity."}, "https://codexery.com/regions-cultural-spheres/e/regions-and-cultural-spheres/western-world/": {"t": "Western world", "s": "An evolving cultural, political, and economic concept of diverse groups."}, "https://codexery.com/masters-of-horror-episodes/e/masters-of-horror-episodes/imprint-masters-of-horror/": {"t": "Imprint (Masters of Horror)", "s": "A Japanese horror episode too disturbing for American television."}, "https://codexery.com/dance-forms/e/dance-forms/kabuki/": {"t": "Kabuki", "s": "Classical Japanese theatre blending drama, dance, and stylized performance."}, "https://codexery.com/y-kai-in-popular-culture/e/y-kai-in-popular-culture/demon-pond-2005-film/": {"t": "Demon Pond (2005 film)", "s": "Filmed stage production of a 1913 play, directed by Takashi Miike."}, "https://codexery.com/sexual-practices-identities/e/sexual-practices-and-identities/paraphilia/": {"t": "Paraphilia", "s": "A paraphilia is an uncommon, intense, and persistent sexual arousal or attraction to anything not sexual by nature."}, "https://codexery.com/y-kai-in-popular-culture/e/y-kai-in-popular-culture/the-great-yokai-war/": {"t": "The Great Yokai War", "s": "A 2005 Japanese fantasy film about yōkai and a young Kirin Rider."}, "https://codexery.com/musical-horror-films/e/musical-horror-films/the-happiness-of-the-katakuris/": {"t": "The Happiness of the Katakuris", "s": "A surreal horror-comedy with claymation and musical numbers."}, "https://codexery.com/military-science-fiction-films/e/military-science-fiction-films/starship-troopers-film/": {"t": "Starship Troopers (film)", "s": "A satirical war film set in the 23rd century."}, "https://codexery.com/writers-poets/e/writers-and-poets/emily-dickinson/": {"t": "Emily Dickinson", "s": "American poet known for her elliptical language and groundbreaking use of short lines and slant rhyme.", "i": "https://codexery.com/writers-poets/img/writers-and-poets/emily-dickinson.webp", "c": "Unknown authorUnknown author · via Wikipedia: Emily Dickinson · Public domain"}, "https://codexery.com/film-history-movements/e/film-history-and-movements/cinema-of-the-united-kingdom/": {"t": "Cinema of the United Kingdom", "s": "British cinema shaped global film from the 19th century onward."}, "https://codexery.com/actors-filmmakers/e/actors-and-filmmakers/jean-luc-godard/": {"t": "Jean-Luc Godard", "s": "French New Wave pioneer who revolutionized cinematic form and narrative.", "i": "https://codexery.com/actors-filmmakers/img/actors-and-filmmakers/jean-luc-godard.webp", "c": "via Wikipedia: Jean-Luc Godard · see source"}, "https://codexery.com/writers-poets/e/writers-and-poets/edith-wharton/": {"t": "Edith Wharton", "s": "American writer and designer of the Gilded Age.", "i": "https://codexery.com/writers-poets/img/writers-and-poets/edith-wharton.webp", "c": "via Wikipedia: Edith Wharton · see source"}, "https://codexery.com/literary-giants/e/literary-giants/virginia-woolf/": {"t": "Virginia Woolf", "s": "English modernist writer, feminist essayist."}, "https://codexery.com/modern-leading-men-women/e/modern-leading-men-and-women/rachel-weisz/": {"t": "Rachel Weisz", "s": "British actress who won an Academy Award for The Constant Gardener and moved easily between blockbusters and indie drama.", "i": "https://codexery.com/modern-leading-men-women/img/modern-leading-men-and-women/rachel-weisz.webp", "c": "via Wikipedia: Rachel Weisz · see source"}, "https://codexery.com/playwrights-and-dramatists/e/playwrights-and-dramatists/no-l-coward/": {"t": "Noël Coward", "s": "English playwright, composer, director, actor, and singer known for wit and style.", "i": "https://codexery.com/playwrights-and-dramatists/img/playwrights-and-dramatists/no-l-coward.webp", "c": "Allan Warren · via Wikipedia: Noël Coward · CC BY-SA 3.0"}, "https://codexery.com/universities-and-colleges/e/universities-and-colleges/harvard-university/": {"t": "Harvard University", "s": "Oldest institution of higher learning in the United States.", "i": "https://codexery.com/universities-and-colleges/img/universities-and-colleges/harvard-university.webp", "c": "Harvard University · via Wikipedia: Harvard University · Public domain"}, "https://codexery.com/iranian-cities/e/iranian-cities/urmia/": {"t": "Urmia", "s": "Historically diverse Iranian city near Lake Urmia."}, "https://codexery.com/latin-music-icons/e/latin-music-icons/andr-s-segovia/": {"t": "Andrés Segovia", "s": "The virtuoso who revived the classical guitar", "i": "https://codexery.com/latin-music-icons/img/latin-music-icons/andr-s-segovia.webp", "c": "via Wikipedia: Violeta Parra · see source"}, "https://codexery.com/philosophers/e/philosophers/gilbert-ryle/": {"t": "Gilbert Ryle", "s": "British philosopher who critiqued Cartesian dualism."}, "https://codexery.com/historical-figures/e/scientists/s-ren-kierkegaard/": {"t": "Søren Kierkegaard", "s": "Danish philosopher, theologian, and first existentialist"}, "https://codexery.com/historical-figures/e/scientists/martin-heidegger/": {"t": "Martin Heidegger", "s": "German philosopher who developed phenomenology, hermeneutics, and existentialism, and whose work was shaped by his controversial Nazi involvement."}, "https://codexery.com/magazines/e/magazines/life-magazine/": {"t": "Life (magazine)", "s": "To see life; to see the world; to eyewitness great events", "i": "https://codexery.com/magazines/img/magazines/life-magazine.webp", "c": "Life Magazine · Public domain"}, "https://codexery.com/actors-filmmakers/e/actors-and-filmmakers/jack-nicholson/": {"t": "Jack Nicholson", "s": "American actor known for rebellious roles and three Oscars.", "i": "https://codexery.com/actors-filmmakers/img/actors-and-filmmakers/jack-nicholson.webp", "c": "via Wikipedia: Jack Nicholson · see source"}, "https://codexery.com/modern-leading-men-women/e/modern-leading-men-and-women/sissy-spacek/": {"t": "Sissy Spacek", "s": "American actress and singer, Oscar winner for Coal Miner's Daughter."}, "https://codexery.com/notorious-criminals-outlaws/e/notorious-criminals-and-outlaws/charles-starkweather/": {"t": "Charles Starkweather", "s": "Charles Raymond Starkweather, born in Lincoln, Nebraska in 1938, was the fourth of seven children in a working-class family."}, "https://codexery.com/protestant-reformers-pastors/e/protestant-reformers-and-pastors/jerry-falwell/": {"t": "Jerry Falwell", "s": "Lynchburg Baptist pastor and televangelist who founded Liberty University and the Moral Majority.", "i": "https://codexery.com/protestant-reformers-pastors/img/protestant-reformers-and-pastors/jerry-falwell.webp", "c": "via Wikipedia: Jerry Falwell · see source"}, "https://codexery.com/renowned-film-directors-producers/e/renowned-film-directors-and-producers/andrzej-wajda/": {"t": "Andrzej Wajda", "s": "Polish director of war trilogy and national identity films.", "i": "https://codexery.com/renowned-film-directors-producers/img/renowned-film-directors-and-producers/andrzej-wajda.webp", "c": "via Wikipedia: Andrzej Wajda · see source"}, "https://codexery.com/historical-figures/e/writers/john-travolta/": {"t": "John Travolta", "s": "From Saturday Night Fever to Pulp Fiction: The enduring star of stage and screen."}, "/e/auteur-directors/wim-wenders/": {"t": "Wim Wenders", "s": "German filmmaker and photographer, key figure of New German Cinema.", "i": "https://codexery.com/auteur-directors/img/auteur-directors/wim-wenders.webp", "c": "via Wikipedia: Wim Wenders · see source"}, "https://codexery.com/peninsulas-and-cape-landforms/e/peninsulas-and-cape-landforms/peloponnese/": {"t": "Peloponnese", "s": "Southernmost peninsula of mainland Greece, cradle of Mycenaean civilization."}, "https://codexery.com/military-conflicts-and-wars/e/military-conflicts-and-wars/greek-civil-war/": {"t": "Greek Civil War", "s": "First Cold War proxy conflict between Greek Communists and the royal government.", "i": "https://codexery.com/military-conflicts-and-wars/img/military-conflicts-and-wars/greek-civil-war.webp", "c": "via Wikipedia: Greek Civil War · see source"}, "https://codexery.com/film-and-theater-icons/e/film-and-theater-icons/werner-herzog/": {"t": "Werner Herzog", "s": "Pioneer of New German Cinema, filmmaker of impossible dreams.", "i": "https://codexery.com/film-and-theater-icons/img/film-and-theater-icons/werner-herzog.webp", "c": "Colleen Sturtevant · via Wikipedia: Werner Herzog · CC BY-SA 4.0"}, "https://codexery.com/historical-figures/e/notable/akira-kurosawa/": {"t": "Akira Kurosawa", "s": "One of the greatest and most influential filmmakers in cinema history."}, "https://codexery.com/actors-filmmakers/e/actors-and-filmmakers/ingmar-bergman/": {"t": "Ingmar Bergman", "s": "Swedish filmmaker known for personal meditations on psyche and soul.", "i": "https://codexery.com/actors-filmmakers/img/actors-and-filmmakers/ingmar-bergman.webp", "c": "via Wikipedia: Ingmar Bergman · see source"}, "https://codexery.com/film-directors-masters-of-world-cinema/e/film-directors-masters-of-world-cinema/michelangelo-antonioni/": {"t": "Michelangelo Antonioni", "s": "Italian director of enigmatic, visually striking alienation films."}, "https://codexery.com/historical-figures/e/notable/andrei-tarkovsky/": {"t": "Andrei Tarkovsky", "s": "A Soviet film director known for spiritual, slow-paced cinema."}, "https://codexery.com/american-dark-fantasy-films/e/american-dark-fantasy-films/beetlejuice/": {"t": "Beetlejuice", "s": "A ghost couple hires a bio-exorcist to scare away new tenants."}, "https://codexery.com/american-superhero-films/e/american-superhero-films/batman-1989-film/": {"t": "Batman (1989 film)", "s": "A dark, serious version of Batman's early war on crime."}, "https://codexery.com/american-dark-fantasy-films/e/american-dark-fantasy-films/edward-scissorhands/": {"t": "Edward Scissorhands", "s": "A Gothic fairy tale of isolation and love."}, "https://codexery.com/american-superhero-films/e/american-superhero-films/batman-returns/": {"t": "Batman Returns", "s": "A darker Batman sequel set during Christmas in Gotham City."}, "https://codexery.com/films-about-legendary-creatures/e/films-about-legendary-creatures/sleepy-hollow-film/": {"t": "Sleepy Hollow (film)", "s": "A 1999 Gothic horror film based on Washington Irving's story."}, "https://codexery.com/science-fiction-film-remakes/e/science-fiction-film-remakes/planet-of-the-apes-2001-film/": {"t": "Planet of the Apes (2001 film)", "s": "The film stars Mark Wahlberg as astronaut Leo Davidson, who crash-lands on a planet where intelligent apes enslave humans."}, "https://codexery.com/films-about-giants/e/films-about-giants/big-fish/": {"t": "Big Fish", "s": "A son tries to separate fact from his father's tall tales."}, "https://codexery.com/films-about-legendary-creatures/e/films-about-legendary-creatures/corpse-bride/": {"t": "Corpse Bride", "s": "A stop-motion fantasy about love, death, and a mistaken wedding vow."}, "https://codexery.com/high-fantasy-films/e/high-fantasy-films/alice-in-wonderland-2010-film/": {"t": "Alice in Wonderland (2010 film)", "s": "A live-action adaptation of Lewis Carroll's works."}, "https://codexery.com/children-s-horror-films/e/childrens-horror-films/frankenweenie-2012-film/": {"t": "Frankenweenie (2012 film)", "s": "A boy resurrects his dog, sparking chaos."}, "https://codexery.com/american-dark-fantasy-films/e/american-dark-fantasy-films/beetlejuice-beetlejuice/": {"t": "Beetlejuice Beetlejuice", "s": "A sequel to Beetlejuice, set three decades later."}, "https://codexery.com/children-s-horror-films/e/childrens-horror-films/the-nightmare-before-christmas/": {"t": "The Nightmare Before Christmas", "s": "A stop-motion musical fantasy about a skeleton who discovers Christmas."}, "https://codexery.com/television-series-about-werewolves/e/television-series-about-werewolves/wednesday-tv-series/": {"t": "Wednesday (TV series)", "s": "A teen solves murders at a school for outcasts."}, "https://codexery.com/historical-figures/e/notable/h-g-wells/": {"t": "H. G. Wells", "s": "English writer and prophetic social critic."}, "https://codexery.com/corporations-conglomerates/e/corporations-and-conglomerates/the-walt-disney-company/": {"t": "The Walt Disney Company", "s": "American multinational mass media and entertainment conglomerate.", "i": "https://codexery.com/corporations-conglomerates/img/corporations-and-conglomerates/the-walt-disney-company.webp", "c": "Disney Enterprises, Inc. · via Wikipedia: The Walt Disney Company · Public domain"}, "https://codexery.com/xenofiction-films/e/xenofiction-films/the-fox-and-the-hound/": {"t": "The Fox and the Hound", "s": "A 1981 Disney animated film about a fox and a hound."}, "https://codexery.com/comedy-legends/e/comedy-legends/paul-reubens/": {"t": "Paul Reubens", "s": "Creator and performer of the iconic character Pee-wee Herman.", "i": "https://codexery.com/comedy-legends/img/comedy-legends/paul-reubens.webp", "c": "via Wikipedia: Paul Reubens · see source"}, "https://codexery.com/historical-figures/e/notable/edgar-allan-poe/": {"t": "Edgar Allan Poe", "s": "Master of the macabre and pioneer of detective fiction"}, "https://codexery.com/film-history/e/film-history/silent-film/": {"t": "Silent film", "s": "Silent films conveyed narrative and emotion visually, with live musical accompaniment.", "i": "https://codexery.com/film-history/img/film-history/silent-film.webp", "c": "Illuminating Company (Cleveland, Ohio) Publicity Department · Public domain"}, "https://codexery.com/notable-films/e/notable-films/dracula-1931-english-language-film/": {"t": "Dracula (1931 English-language film)", "s": "First sound film adaptation of Bram Stoker's Dracula."}, "https://codexery.com/actors-from-the-golden-age-of-hollywood/e/actors-from-the-golden-age-of-hollywood/lon-chaney/": {"t": "Lon Chaney", "s": "The Man of a Thousand Faces", "i": "https://codexery.com/actors-from-the-golden-age-of-hollywood/img/actors-from-the-golden-age-of-hollywood/lon-chaney.webp", "c": "via Wikipedia: Lon Chaney · see source"}, "https://codexery.com/branches-of-christianity/e/branches-of-christianity/baptists/": {"t": "Baptists", "s": "Protestant tradition emphasizing believer's baptism and local church autonomy."}, "https://codexery.com/performance-arts/e/performance-arts/contortion/": {"t": "Contortion", "s": "Performance art showcasing extreme physical flexibility and dramatic feats."}, "/e/auteur-directors/mack-sennett/": {"t": "Mack Sennett", "s": "Canadian-American film pioneer known as the 'King of Comedy'."}, "https://codexery.com/historical-figures/e/notable/d-w-griffith/": {"t": "D. W. Griffith", "s": "Pioneer of film editing and narrative cinema, director of The Birth of a Nation and co-founder of United Artists."}, "https://codexery.com/historical-figures/e/notable/abraham-lincoln/": {"t": "Abraham Lincoln", "s": "16th president who led the Union through the Civil War and abolished slavery."}, "https://codexery.com/rebellions-against-the-united-states/e/rebellions-against-the-united-states/american-civil-war/": {"t": "American Civil War", "s": "Civil war between the Union and Confederacy over slavery and secession."}, "https://codexery.com/performing-arts-music-genres/e/performing-arts-and-music-genres/burlesque/": {"t": "Burlesque", "s": "A comedic form mocking serious works through caricature and ludicrous treatment."}, "https://codexery.com/capital-cities-of-africa/e/capital-cities-of-africa/algiers/": {"t": "Algiers", "s": "Capital of Algeria, historic Mediterranean port and cultural hub."}, "https://codexery.com/actors-filmmakers/e/actors-and-filmmakers/irving-thalberg/": {"t": "Irving Thalberg", "s": "Film producer who shaped MGM and Hollywood's golden age.", "i": "https://codexery.com/actors-filmmakers/img/actors-and-filmmakers/irving-thalberg.webp", "c": "via Wikipedia: Irving Thalberg · see source"}, "https://codexery.com/film-history/e/film-history/special-effect/": {"t": "Special effect", "s": "Illusions and visual tricks for theater, film, and digital media."}, "/e/auteur-directors/victor-sj-str-m/": {"t": "Victor Sjöström", "s": "Pioneer of Swedish silent cinema and master of naturalistic storytelling.", "i": "https://codexery.com/auteur-directors/img/auteur-directors/victor-sj-str-m.webp", "c": "via Wikipedia: Victor Sjöström · see source"}, "https://codexery.com/literary-giants/e/literary-giants/rudyard-kipling/": {"t": "Rudyard Kipling", "s": "English writer, Nobel laureate — best known for tales of empire.", "i": "https://codexery.com/literary-giants/img/literary-giants/rudyard-kipling.webp", "c": "via Wikipedia: Literary nonsense · see source"}, "https://codexery.com/british-television-series-revived/e/british-television-series-revived-after-cancellation/byker-grove/": {"t": "Byker Grove", "s": "A gritty teen drama that broke boundaries on children's TV."}, "https://codexery.com/television-series/e/television-series/eastenders/": {"t": "EastEnders", "s": "A British soap opera set in the East End of London."}, "https://codexery.com/channel-4-television-films/e/channel-4-television-films/longford-film/": {"t": "Longford (film)", "s": "A campaign for the parole of a notorious murderer."}, "https://codexery.com/opera-and-musical-theatre/e/opera-and-musical-theatre/cats-musical/": {"t": "Cats (musical)", "s": "The Jellicle choice is made tonight.", "i": "https://codexery.com/opera-and-musical-theatre/img/opera-and-musical-theatre/cats-musical.webp", "c": "Quadratestadt Mannheim · CC BY-SA 2.0"}, "https://codexery.com/dark-fantasy-television-series/e/dark-fantasy-television-series/his-dark-materials-tv-series/": {"t": "His Dark Materials (TV series)", "s": "A television adaptation of Philip Pullman's fantasy trilogy."}, "https://codexery.com/english-counties/e/english-counties/oxfordshire/": {"t": "Oxfordshire", "s": "A ceremonial county in South East England, home to the University of Oxford and the Cotswolds."}, "https://codexery.com/sonic-the-hedgehog-games/e/sonic-the-hedgehog-games/sonic-the-hedgehog-3/": {"t": "Sonic the Hedgehog 3", "s": "A 1994 platformer introducing Knuckles and lock-on technology."}, "https://codexery.com/nielsen-ratings-winners/e/nielsen-ratings-winners/er-tv-series/": {"t": "ER (TV series)", "s": "Medical drama set in a Chicago emergency room."}, "https://codexery.com/historical-figures/e/notable/george-eliot/": {"t": "George Eliot", "s": "English novelist of the Victorian era, known for realism and psychological insight."}, "https://codexery.com/stage-and-screen-actresses/e/stage-and-screen-actresses/helen-mirren/": {"t": "Helen Mirren", "s": "English actor; only person to achieve both US and UK Triple Crowns of Acting."}, "https://codexery.com/magazines/e/magazines/new-statesman/": {"t": "New Statesman", "s": "A British left-wing political and literary weekly since 1913.", "i": "https://codexery.com/magazines/img/magazines/new-statesman.webp", "c": "via Wikipedia: New Statesman · see source"}, "https://codexery.com/military-conflicts-and-wars/e/military-conflicts-and-wars/iraq-war/": {"t": "Iraq War", "s": "The 2003 to 2011 conflict that opened with a US-led invasion and removed Saddam Hussein from power.", "i": "https://codexery.com/military-conflicts-and-wars/img/military-conflicts-and-wars/iraq-war.webp", "c": "via Wikipedia: Iraq War · see source"}, "https://codexery.com/historical-figures/e/writers/laurence-olivier/": {"t": "Laurence Olivier", "s": "English actor and director who dominated mid-20th century British stage."}, "https://codexery.com/historical-figures/e/writers/albert-finney/": {"t": "Albert Finney", "s": "English actor known for stage and screen, with five Academy Award nominations."}, "https://codexery.com/screen-legends/e/screen-legends/edith-evans/": {"t": "Edith Evans", "s": "English actress with a sixty-year stage career.", "i": "https://codexery.com/screen-legends/img/screen-legends/edith-evans.webp", "c": "Allan warren · via Wikipedia: Edith Evans · CC BY-SA 3.0"}, "https://codexery.com/historical-figures/e/writers/vanessa-redgrave/": {"t": "Vanessa Redgrave", "s": "British actress and activist with a career spanning eight decades and a Triple Crown of Acting."}, "https://codexery.com/historical-figures/e/explorers/rupert-murdoch/": {"t": "Rupert Murdoch", "s": "Australian-born American media mogul and former business magnate", "i": "https://codexery.com/historical-figures/img/explorers/rupert-murdoch.webp", "c": "Eva Rinaldi · via Wikipedia: Rupert Murdoch · CC BY-SA 2.0"}, "https://codexery.com/leaders-and-monarchs/e/leaders-and-monarchs/margaret-thatcher/": {"t": "Margaret Thatcher", "s": "First female UK Prime Minister, architect of Thatcherism."}, "https://codexery.com/historical-figures/e/notable/bertrand-russell/": {"t": "Bertrand Russell", "s": "English philosopher, logician, and social reformer"}, "https://codexery.com/actors-filmmakers/e/actors-and-filmmakers/john-gielgud/": {"t": "John Gielgud", "s": "English actor and director, dominant figure of mid-20th-century British stage.", "i": "https://codexery.com/actors-filmmakers/img/actors-and-filmmakers/john-gielgud.webp", "c": "via Wikipedia: Phil Brown (actor) · see source"}, "https://codexery.com/historical-figures/e/writers/rod-steiger/": {"t": "Rod Steiger", "s": "Method actor and Academy Award winner known for intense, offbeat roles."}, "https://codexery.com/actors-filmmakers/e/actors-and-filmmakers/jeanne-moreau/": {"t": "Jeanne Moreau", "s": "French actress and New Wave icon, called 'the greatest actress in the world' by Orson Welles.", "i": "https://codexery.com/actors-filmmakers/img/actors-and-filmmakers/jeanne-moreau.webp", "c": "via Wikipedia: Jeanne Moreau · see source"}, "https://codexery.com/celebrity-entertainers/e/celebrity-entertainers/milton-berle/": {"t": "Milton Berle", "s": "First major American television star and vaudeville veteran.", "i": "https://codexery.com/celebrity-entertainers/img/celebrity-entertainers/milton-berle.webp", "c": "via Wikipedia: Milton Berle · see source"}, "https://codexery.com/historical-figures/e/writers/richard-burton/": {"t": "Richard Burton", "s": "Welsh actor known for his powerful presence and baritone voice."}, "https://codexery.com/historical-figures/e/writers/anthony-hopkins/": {"t": "Anthony Hopkins", "s": "Welsh actor known for his iconic roles on screen and stage."}, "https://codexery.com/infectious-diseases/e/infectious-diseases/hiv-aids/": {"t": "HIV/AIDS", "s": "Retrovirus causing AIDS, manageable but incurable."}, "https://codexery.com/a24-films/e/people/academy-award-for-best-international-feature-film/": {"t": "Academy Award for Best International Feature Film", "s": "Annual AMPAS award for non-English feature films."}, "https://codexery.com/major-wars/e/major-wars/vietnam-war/": {"t": "Vietnam War", "s": "Cold War proxy war ending in communist victory across Indochina."}, "https://codexery.com/film-theater/e/film-and-theater/robert-bresson/": {"t": "Robert Bresson", "s": "French filmmaker known for ascetic, minimalist cinema."}, "https://codexery.com/film-and-theater-icons/e/film-and-theater-icons/yasujir-ozu/": {"t": "Yasujirō Ozu", "s": "Japanese director of quiet family dramas, including Late Spring and Tokyo Story.", "i": "https://codexery.com/film-and-theater-icons/img/film-and-theater-icons/yasujir-ozu.webp", "c": "via Wikipedia: Yasujirō Ozu · see source"}, "https://codexery.com/film-history-movements/e/film-history-and-movements/cinema-of-taiwan/": {"t": "Cinema of Taiwan", "s": "Taiwan cinema reflects the island's history through diverse film movements."}, "https://codexery.com/cities-of-the-world/e/cities-of-the-world/brisbane/": {"t": "Brisbane", "s": "Brisbane, known in the local Turrbal and Yagara languages as Meanjin, serves as Queensland’s capital and largest city, and is Australia’s third most populous ur"}, "https://codexery.com/revolutions-and-conflicts/e/revolutions-and-conflicts/world-war-i/": {"t": "World War I", "s": "The First World War, a global conflict from 1914 to 1918, was fought between the Allied and Central Powers."}, "https://codexery.com/screen-legends/e/screen-legends/douglas-fairbanks/": {"t": "Douglas Fairbanks", "s": "The King of Hollywood who defined the swashbuckling hero."}, "https://codexery.com/film-and-theater-icons/e/film-and-theater-icons/vivien-leigh/": {"t": "Vivien Leigh", "s": "British actress, winner of the Academy Award for Best Actress twice, and above all a stage performer.", "i": "https://codexery.com/film-and-theater-icons/img/film-and-theater-icons/vivien-leigh.webp", "c": "via Wikipedia: Vivien Leigh · see source"}, "https://codexery.com/historical-figures/e/writers/hattie-mcdaniel/": {"t": "Hattie McDaniel", "s": "First African American Oscar winner, trailblazing actress and singer."}, "https://codexery.com/historical-figures/e/writers/olivia-de-havilland/": {"t": "Olivia de Havilland", "s": "Golden Age star, two-time Oscar winner, and last surviving major icon."}, "https://codexery.com/golden-age-hollywood/e/golden-age-hollywood/jean-harlow/": {"t": "Jean Harlow", "s": "American actress and leading sex symbol of the early 1930s."}, "https://codexery.com/films-based-on-horror-novels/e/films-based-on-horror-novels/dr-jekyll-and-mr-hyde-1941-film/": {"t": "Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde (1941 film)", "s": "Remake of the 1931 Oscar-winning film, set in Victorian-era London."}, "https://codexery.com/golden-age-hollywood/e/golden-age-hollywood/fredric-march/": {"t": "Fredric March", "s": "Versatile American actor who won two Oscars and two Tonys.", "i": "https://codexery.com/golden-age-hollywood/img/golden-age-hollywood/fredric-march.webp", "c": "Carl Van Vechten · Public domain"}, "https://codexery.com/inventors/e/great-inventors/hedy-lamarr/": {"t": "Hedy Lamarr", "s": "Actress and co-inventor of a radio guidance system.", "i": "https://codexery.com/inventors/img/great-inventors/hedy-lamarr.webp", "c": "via Wikipedia: Hedy Lamarr · see source"}, "https://codexery.com/historical-figures/e/writers/clark-gable/": {"t": "Clark Gable", "s": "American actor known as the 'King of Hollywood'."}, "https://codexery.com/historical-figures/e/writers/carole-lombard/": {"t": "Carole Lombard", "s": "American actress known for screwball comedy roles."}, "https://codexery.com/stage-legends/e/stage-legends/john-barrymore/": {"t": "John Barrymore", "s": "The greatest living American tragedian who left the stage for film and became the Great Profile."}, "https://codexery.com/historical-figures/e/writers/ingrid-bergman/": {"t": "Ingrid Bergman", "s": "One of the most influential actresses in cinema history."}, "https://codexery.com/diseases-and-conditions/e/diseases-and-conditions/myocardial-infarction/": {"t": "Myocardial infarction", "s": "A heart attack occurs when blood flow to the heart is blocked.", "i": "https://codexery.com/diseases-and-conditions/img/diseases-and-conditions/myocardial-infarction.webp", "c": "Authors of the study: Stefan Gustafsson, Erik Lampa, Karin Jensevik Eriksson, Ad · CC BY 4.0"}, "https://codexery.com/historical-figures/e/leaders/joan-of-arc/": {"t": "Joan of Arc", "s": "Patron saint of France and military leader who helped turn the tide of the Hundred Years' War.", "i": "https://codexery.com/historical-figures/img/leaders/joan-of-arc.webp", "c": "Derived from original commons upload at which is now in the history version: 01:39, 13. 8. 2005\n\nColour-graded to reveal more detail using GIMP software \"curves · via Wikipedia: Joan of Arc · Public domain"}, "https://codexery.com/golden-age-hollywood/e/golden-age-hollywood/gloria-grahame/": {"t": "Gloria Grahame", "s": "American actress known for film noir and an Oscar-winning performance.", "i": "https://codexery.com/golden-age-hollywood/img/golden-age-hollywood/gloria-grahame.webp", "c": "Unknown author · Public domain"}, "https://codexery.com/historical-figures/e/writers/anthony-quinn/": {"t": "Anthony Quinn", "s": "Mexican-American actor, two-time Oscar winner, and civil rights activist."}, "https://codexery.com/performing-arts-music-genres/e/performing-arts-and-music-genres/broadway-theatre/": {"t": "Broadway theatre", "s": "The highest commercial level of live theater in the English-speaking world."}, "https://codexery.com/classical-opera/e/classical-and-opera/jerome-kern/": {"t": "Jerome Kern", "s": "American composer of over 700 songs for stage and film.", "i": "https://codexery.com/classical-opera/img/classical-and-opera/jerome-kern.webp", "c": "via Wikipedia: Jerome Kern · see source"}, "https://codexery.com/historical-figures/e/writers/liza-minnelli/": {"t": "Liza Minnelli", "s": "EGOT-winning actress, singer, and dancer known for Cabaret and her commanding stage presence."}, "https://codexery.com/mental-disorders/e/mental-disorders/mental-disorder/": {"t": "Mental disorder", "s": "A mental pattern causing distress or impaired functioning."}, "https://codexery.com/visual-artists/e/visual-artists/james-mcneill-whistler/": {"t": "James McNeill Whistler", "s": "American painter and printmaker known for 'art for art's sake' and iconic works like Whistler's Mother."}, "https://codexery.com/painting-visual-arts/e/painting-and-visual-arts/impressionism/": {"t": "Impressionism", "s": "A 19th-century French art movement emphasizing light and ordinary subjects."}, "https://codexery.com/visual-artists/e/visual-artists/henri-matisse/": {"t": "Henri 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"https://codexery.com/historical-figures/e/writers/greta-garbo/": {"t": "Greta Garbo", "s": "The enigmatic star of Hollywood's silent and golden eras."}, "https://codexery.com/film-theater/e/film-and-theater/lillian-gish/": {"t": "Lillian Gish", "s": "Silent film star and pioneer of screen acting techniques."}, "https://codexery.com/actors-from-the-golden-age-of-hollywood/e/actors-from-the-golden-age-of-hollywood/norma-shearer/": {"t": "Norma Shearer", "s": "Canadian-American actress and early Academy Award winner.", "i": "https://codexery.com/actors-from-the-golden-age-of-hollywood/img/actors-from-the-golden-age-of-hollywood/norma-shearer.webp", "c": "via Wikipedia: Norma Shearer · see source"}, "https://codexery.com/universities/e/universities/moscow-state-university/": {"t": "Moscow State University", "s": "Russia's oldest university, a center of learning and controversy.", "i": "https://codexery.com/universities/img/universities/moscow-state-university.webp", "c": "Suicasmo · CC BY-SA 4.0"}, "https://codexery.com/film-and-theater-icons/e/film-and-theater-icons/sergei-eisenstein/": {"t": "Sergei Eisenstein", "s": "Pioneer of montage and master of Soviet cinema."}, "https://codexery.com/russian-inventors/e/russian-inventors/lev-kuleshov/": {"t": "Lev Kuleshov", "s": "Russian and Soviet filmmaker, co-founder of Moscow Film School."}, "https://codexery.com/chess-in-the-soviet-union/e/chess-in-the-soviet-union/chess-fever/": {"t": "Chess Fever", "s": "A silent comedy about chess obsession and romance."}, "https://codexery.com/chess-mind-sports/e/chess-and-mind-sports/jos-ra-l-capablanca/": {"t": "José Raúl Capablanca", "s": "Cuban chess prodigy and third world champion, 1921–1927."}, "https://codexery.com/cultural-depictions-of-napoleon-iii/e/cultural-depictions-of-napoleon-iii/admiral-nakhimov-film/": {"t": "Admiral Nakhimov (film)", "s": "Soviet biopic of Admiral Nakhimov's naval campaigns."}, "https://codexery.com/film-theater/e/film-and-theater/luis-bu-uel/": {"t": "Luis Buñuel", "s": "Spanish-Mexican filmmaker known for surrealist and satirical cinema."}, "https://codexery.com/historical-figures/e/notable/caravaggio/": {"t": "Caravaggio", "s": "Italian painter whose tenebrism shaped Baroque art."}, "https://codexery.com/horror-war-films/e/horror-war-films/the-devil-s-backbone/": {"t": "The Devil's Backbone", "s": "A ghost story set in the Spanish Civil War."}, "https://codexery.com/horror-war-films/e/horror-war-films/pan-s-labyrinth/": {"t": "Pan's Labyrinth", "s": "A dark fantasy parable set in Francoist Spain, where the real and mythical worlds intertwine."}, "https://codexery.com/german-fantasy-films/e/german-fantasy-films/faraway-so-close/": {"t": "Faraway, So Close!", "s": "An angel falls into the human world in reunified Berlin.", "i": "https://codexery.com/german-fantasy-films/img/german-fantasy-films/faraway-so-close.webp", "c": "Somojeet-07 · CC BY-SA 4.0"}, "https://codexery.com/cities/e/coastal/amsterdam/": {"t": "Amsterdam", "s": "Venice of the North"}, "https://codexery.com/christopher-nolan/e/people/united-artists/": {"t": "United Artists", "s": "Actor-founded studio that challenged the Hollywood studio system."}, "https://codexery.com/news-media/e/news-media/der-spiegel/": {"t": "Der Spiegel", "s": "Hamburg's weekly news magazine, famed for investigative exposés since 1947.", "i": "https://codexery.com/news-media/img/news-media/der-spiegel.webp", "c": "via Wikipedia: Der Spiegel · see source"}, "https://codexery.com/film-history-milestones/e/film-history-and-milestones/cinematography/": {"t": "Cinematography", "s": "Art of capturing and projecting moving images."}, "https://codexery.com/gothic-psychological-fiction/e/gothic-and-psychological-fiction/the-scarlet-letter/": {"t": "The Scarlet Letter", "s": "A historical novel about sin, punishment, and redemption."}, "https://codexery.com/historical-figures/e/writers/dennis-hopper/": {"t": "Dennis Hopper", "s": "Key figure of New Hollywood; actor, director, photographer."}, "https://codexery.com/mystery-crime-writers/e/mystery-and-crime-writers/patricia-highsmith/": {"t": "Patricia Highsmith", "s": "The poet of apprehension", "i": "https://codexery.com/mystery-crime-writers/img/mystery-and-crime-writers/patricia-highsmith.webp", "c": "AnonymousUnknown author / Harper & Brothers · via Wikipedia: Patricia Highsmith · Public domain"}, "https://codexery.com/media-and-publishing/e/media-and-publishing/the-new-york-times/": {"t": "The New York Times", "s": "The Gray Lady, a U.S."}, "https://codexery.com/a24-films/e/people/academy-of-motion-picture-arts-and-sciences/": {"t": "Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences", "s": "Honorary organization advancing motion picture arts and sciences."}, "https://codexery.com/cities/e/coastal/shanghai/": {"t": "Shanghai", "s": "China's most populous city and a global hub for finance and innovation."}, "https://codexery.com/states-and-regions/e/states-and-regions/sichuan/": {"t": "Sichuan", "s": "Inland province in Southwestern China, home to Ba and Shu."}, "https://codexery.com/cities-on-rivers/e/cities-on-rivers/nanjing/": {"t": "Nanjing", "s": "Southern Capital on the Yangtze"}, "https://codexery.com/international-cinema/e/international-cinema/hindi-cinema/": {"t": "Hindi cinema", "s": "India's Hindi-language film industry based in Mumbai."}, "https://codexery.com/governments-and-political-systems/e/governments-and-political-systems/government-of-india/": {"t": "Government of India", "s": "National authority of the Republic of India, established by the Constitution.", "i": "https://codexery.com/governments-and-political-systems/img/governments-and-political-systems/government-of-india.webp", "c": "Trikkiboy · Public domain"}, "https://codexery.com/bollywood-icons/e/bollywood-icons/amitabh-bachchan/": {"t": "Amitabh Bachchan", "s": "Indian actor, playback singer, and producer in Hindi cinema."}, "https://codexery.com/international-film-icons/e/international-film-icons/sridevi/": {"t": "Sridevi", "s": "The first female superstar of Indian cinema."}, "https://codexery.com/infectious-diseases/e/infectious-diseases/dengue-fever/": {"t": "Dengue fever", "s": "A mosquito-borne viral disease that is mostly mild but can become life-threatening."}, "https://codexery.com/cities-starting-with-l/e/cities-starting-with-l/ludhiana/": {"t": "Ludhiana", "s": "Most populous city in Punjab, major industrial and commercial hub."}, "https://codexery.com/sports-and-athletics/e/sports-and-athletics/kabaddi/": {"t": "Kabaddi", "s": "A traditional South Asian contact team sport where raiders tag defenders on a single breath."}, "https://codexery.com/hindu-and-buddhist-terms/e/hindu-and-buddhist-terms/yoga/": {"t": "Yoga", "s": "Ancient Indian practices for body, mind, and liberation."}, "https://codexery.com/international-film-icons/e/international-film-icons/sharmila-tagore/": {"t": "Sharmila Tagore", "s": "An iconic Indian actress whose career spans over six decades across Hindi and Bengali cinema.", "i": "https://codexery.com/international-film-icons/img/international-film-icons/sharmila-tagore.webp", "c": "Shrinivaskulkarni1388 · CC BY-SA 3.0"}, "https://codexery.com/languages-and-dialects/e/languages-and-dialects/gujarati-language/": {"t": "Gujarati language", "s": "An Indo-Aryan language native to Gujarat, spoken by millions in India and across the global diaspora."}, "https://codexery.com/international-film-icons/e/international-film-icons/rajesh-khanna/": {"t": "Rajesh Khanna", "s": "The first Superstar of Hindi cinema.", "i": "https://codexery.com/international-film-icons/img/international-film-icons/rajesh-khanna.webp", "c": "CreativoCamaal of Lens Naayak Photography · CC BY-SA 4.0"}, "https://codexery.com/international-cinema-stars/e/international-cinema-stars/jaya-bachchan/": {"t": "Jaya Bachchan", "s": "Indian actress and politician known for natural acting style."}, "https://codexery.com/international-film-icons/e/international-film-icons/rekha/": {"t": "Rekha", "s": "Indian actress known for reinvention and powerful roles."}, "https://codexery.com/historical-figures/e/writers/madhuri-dixit/": {"t": "Madhuri Dixit", "s": "The dancing diva who redefined stardom in Hindi cinema."}, "https://codexery.com/cities/e/landmark-cities/moscow/": {"t": "Moscow", "s": "Capital of Russia, largest city in Europe, and a historic center of power and culture."}, "https://codexery.com/manufacturing-and-materials/e/manufacturing-and-materials/photography/": {"t": "Photography", "s": "Drawing with light: capturing images through chemical or electronic means."}, "https://codexery.com/newsreels/e/newsreels/path/": {"t": "Pathé", "s": "French film pioneer and inventor of the newsreel."}, "https://codexery.com/magazines/e/magazines/variety-magazine/": {"t": "Variety (magazine)", "s": "American trade magazine covering entertainment since 1905."}, "https://codexery.com/universities/e/universities/istanbul-university/": {"t": "Istanbul University", "s": "First university in modern Turkey, founded in 1453.", "i": "https://codexery.com/universities/img/universities/istanbul-university.webp", "c": "Kadı · CC BY 4.0"}, "https://codexery.com/renowned-film-directors-producers/e/renowned-film-directors-and-producers/at-f-y-lmaz/": {"t": "Atıf Yılmaz", "s": "Turkish filmmaker with 119 films over five decades."}, "https://codexery.com/languages-of-the-world/e/languages-of-the-world/turkish-language/": {"t": "Turkish language", "s": "Most widely spoken Turkic language, official in Turkey and Cyprus."}, "https://codexery.com/languages/e/languages/kurdish-language/": {"t": "Kurdish language", "s": "Northwestern Iranian language continuum of the Kurdish people."}, "https://codexery.com/film-history-milestones/e/film-history-and-milestones/cinema-of-china/": {"t": "Cinema of China", "s": "China's film industry is a major global market and production hub."}, "https://codexery.com/revolutions-uprisings/e/revolutions-and-uprisings/cultural-revolution/": {"t": "Cultural Revolution", "s": "A sociopolitical movement launched by Mao Zedong from 1966 to 1976.", "i": "https://codexery.com/revolutions-uprisings/img/revolutions-and-uprisings/cultural-revolution.webp", "c": "闫恩铭／Enming Yan · CC BY-SA 4.0"}, "https://codexery.com/historical-figures/e/writers/ruan-lingyu/": {"t": "Ruan Lingyu", "s": "Silent film star whose tragic death made her an icon of Chinese cinema."}, "https://codexery.com/wars-conflicts/e/wars-and-conflicts/second-sino-japanese-war/": {"t": "Second Sino-Japanese War", "s": "Largest Asian war of the 20th century, intertwined with World War II.", "i": "https://codexery.com/wars-conflicts/img/wars-and-conflicts/second-sino-japanese-war.webp", "c": "Unknown photographer, Ministry of the Navy · via Wikipedia: Second Sino-Japanese War · Public domain"}, "https://codexery.com/leaders-and-monarchs/e/leaders-and-monarchs/mao-zedong/": {"t": "Mao Zedong", "s": "Founder of the People's Republic of China and CCP leader."}, "https://codexery.com/asian-middle-eastern-monarchs-strongmen/e/asian-and-middle-eastern-monarchs-and-strongmen/jiang-qing/": {"t": "Jiang Qing", "s": "Revolutionary, actress, and fourth wife of Mao Zedong."}, "https://codexery.com/states-and-regions/e/states-and-regions/shandong/": {"t": "Shandong", "s": "Coastal province, cradle of Confucianism and Taoism."}, "https://codexery.com/pre-columbian-empires/e/pre-columbian-empires/qing-dynasty/": {"t": "Qing dynasty", "s": "The Qing dynasty, also called the Great Qing or Qing China, was a Manchu-led imperial dynasty that ruled from 1636 or 1644 until 1912."}, "https://codexery.com/magazines-newspapers/e/magazines-and-newspapers/the-daily-telegraph/": {"t": "The Daily Telegraph", "s": "Was, is, and will be"}, "https://codexery.com/branches-of-christianity/e/branches-of-christianity/catholic-church/": {"t": "Catholic Church", "s": "The largest Christian church, with 1.28 to 1.41 billion baptized members.", "i": "https://codexery.com/branches-of-christianity/img/branches-of-christianity/catholic-church.webp", "c": "via Wikipedia: Christianity by country · see source"}, "https://codexery.com/historical-figures/e/notable/alfred-hitchcock/": {"t": "Alfred Hitchcock", "s": "Master of Suspense"}, "https://codexery.com/historical-figures/e/notable/blaise-pascal/": {"t": "Blaise Pascal", "s": "French mathematician, physicist, inventor, philosopher, and Catholic writer"}, "https://codexery.com/literary-giants/e/literary-giants/stendhal/": {"t": "Stendhal", "s": "French writer and pioneer of psychological realism."}, "https://codexery.com/literary-giants/e/literary-giants/st-phane-mallarm/": {"t": "Stéphane Mallarmé", "s": "French Symbolist poet whose work inspired early 20th-century avant-garde movements."}, "https://codexery.com/historical-figures/e/notable/brigitte-bardot/": {"t": "Brigitte Bardot", "s": "French actress, singer, model, and animal rights activist; iconic sex kitten of the 1950s and 1960s."}, "https://codexery.com/major-islands-and-archipelagos/e/major-islands-and-archipelagos/canary-islands/": {"t": "Canary Islands", "s": "The Fortunate Isles: a subtropical archipelago linking Africa, Europe, and the Americas."}, "https://codexery.com/historical-figures/e/notable/giacomo-puccini/": {"t": "Giacomo Puccini", "s": "Italian composer of La bohème, Tosca, Madama Butterfly, and Turandot."}, "https://codexery.com/cities/e/coastal/sydney/": {"t": "Sydney", "s": "The Harbour City, capital of New South Wales and Australia's largest city."}, "https://codexery.com/plays-drama/e/plays-and-drama/henry-iv-part-1/": {"t": "Henry IV, Part 1", "s": "Shakespeare's history play of rebellion, honor, and Prince Hal's coming-of-age.", "i": "https://codexery.com/plays-drama/img/plays-and-drama/henry-iv-part-1.webp", "c": "James Neagle / After Robert Smirke / John & Josiah Boydell · CC0"}, "https://codexery.com/ball-games/e/ball-games/australian-football-league/": {"t": "Australian Football League", "s": "Pre-eminent professional Australian rules football competition.", "i": "https://codexery.com/ball-games/img/ball-games/australian-football-league.webp", "c": "via Wikipedia: Australian rules football · see source"}, "/e/auteur-directors/stanley-donen/": {"t": "Stanley Donen", "s": "American film director and choreographer of classic musicals and later independent films."}, "https://codexery.com/xenofiction-films/e/xenofiction-films/happy-feet/": {"t": "Happy Feet", "s": "A tap-dancing penguin searches for answers in Antarctica."}, "https://codexery.com/australian-horror-film-directors/e/australian-horror-film-directors/joel-edgerton/": {"t": "Joel Edgerton", "s": "Australian actor and filmmaker known for The Gift and Star Wars."}, "https://codexery.com/historical-figures/e/notable/elvis-presley/": {"t": "Elvis Presley", "s": "The King of Rock and Roll"}, "https://codexery.com/film-history-milestones/e/film-history-and-milestones/documentary-film/": {"t": "Documentary film", "s": "Nonfiction film documenting reality for instruction or record."}, "https://codexery.com/xenofiction-films/e/xenofiction-films/babe-film/": {"t": "Babe (film)", "s": "A pig who wants to be a sheepdog."}, "https://codexery.com/xenofiction-films/e/xenofiction-films/happy-feet-two/": {"t": "Happy Feet Two", "s": "Sequel to Happy Feet; penguins trapped by ice wall."}, "https://codexery.com/mad-max-fury-road/e/characters/furiosa-a-mad-max-saga/": {"t": "Furiosa: A Mad Max Saga", "s": "A prequel origin story for Furiosa in the Mad Max franchise."}, "https://codexery.com/territories-of-the-republic-of-venice/e/territories-of-the-republic-of-venice/kythira/": {"t": "Kythira", "s": "Greek island at the crossroads of Mediterranean trade and conquest."}, "https://codexery.com/peninsulas-and-cape-landforms/e/peninsulas-and-cape-landforms/anatolia/": {"t": "Anatolia", "s": "Peninsula in West Asia, historic cradle of civilizations.", "i": "https://codexery.com/peninsulas-and-cape-landforms/img/peninsulas-and-cape-landforms/anatolia.webp", "c": "Anatolianist · CC BY-SA 4.0"}, "https://codexery.com/mad-max-fury-road/e/characters/mad-max-film/": {"t": "Mad Max (film)", "s": "A dystopian action film that launched a franchise.", "i": "https://codexery.com/mad-max-fury-road/img/characters/mad-max-film.webp", "c": "May be found at the following website: MoviePosterDB.com · via Wikipedia: Mad Max (film) · Fair use"}, "https://codexery.com/mad-max-fury-road/e/characters/mad-max-2/": {"t": "Mad Max 2", "s": "A 1981 Australian post-apocalyptic action film sequel.", "i": "https://codexery.com/mad-max-fury-road/img/characters/mad-max-2.webp", "c": "May be found at the following website: IMP Awards · via Wikipedia: Mad Max 2 · Fair use"}, "https://codexery.com/modern-leading-men-women/e/modern-leading-men-and-women/susan-sarandon/": {"t": "Susan Sarandon", "s": "American actor with an Academy Award and decades of activism."}, "https://codexery.com/playwrights-and-dramatists/e/playwrights-and-dramatists/nick-enright/": {"t": "Nick Enright", "s": "Australian dramatist, playwright and theatre director", "i": "https://codexery.com/playwrights-and-dramatists/img/playwrights-and-dramatists/nick-enright.webp", "c": "Robert McFarlane · via Wikipedia: Nick Enright · Fair use"}, "https://codexery.com/relationships-and-human-sexuality/e/relationships-and-human-sexuality/human-sexuality/": {"t": "Human sexuality", "s": "Broad term for sexual experience and expression across contexts."}, "https://codexery.com/governments-and-political-systems/e/governments-and-political-systems/independence/": {"t": "Independence", "s": "Condition of self-government and sovereignty over a territory.", "i": "https://codexery.com/governments-and-political-systems/img/governments-and-political-systems/independence.webp", "c": "Ruger, A. · Public domain"}, "https://codexery.com/modern-contemporary-artists/e/modern-and-contemporary-artists/joseph-beuys/": {"t": "Joseph Beuys", "s": "German artist and theorist of humanism, Fluxus, and performance art.", "i": "https://codexery.com/modern-contemporary-artists/img/modern-and-contemporary-artists/joseph-beuys.webp", "c": "via Wikipedia: Joseph Beuys · see source"}, "https://codexery.com/women-writers-of-the-20th-century/e/women-writers-of-the-20th-century/janet-frame/": {"t": "Janet Frame", "s": "New Zealand author whose lobotomy was cancelled after a literary prize."}, "https://codexery.com/writers-poets/e/writers-and-poets/henry-james/": {"t": "Henry James", "s": "American-British author, key transitional figure between literary realism and modernism"}, "https://codexery.com/tennis/e/tennis/serena-williams/": {"t": "Serena Williams", "s": "American tennis player with 23 major singles titles."}, "https://codexery.com/tennis/e/tennis/venus-williams/": {"t": "Venus Williams", "s": "American tennis champion with seven singles majors and 14 doubles majors."}, "https://codexery.com/american-superhero-films/e/american-superhero-films/aquaman-film/": {"t": "Aquaman (film)", "s": "Sixth film in the DC Extended Universe."}, "https://codexery.com/horror-film-franchises/e/horror-film-franchises/insidious-film-series/": {"t": "Insidious (film series)", "s": "A horror franchise exploring the astral plane and the Further."}, "https://codexery.com/horror-film-franchises/e/horror-film-franchises/the-conjuring-universe/": {"t": "The Conjuring Universe", "s": "A shared universe of supernatural horror films."}, "https://codexery.com/american-superhero-films/e/american-superhero-films/aquaman-and-the-lost-kingdom/": {"t": "Aquaman and the Lost Kingdom", "s": "Final film in the DC Extended Universe."}, "https://codexery.com/australian-horror-film-directors/e/australian-horror-film-directors/leigh-whannell/": {"t": "Leigh Whannell", "s": "Australian horror filmmaker and co-creator of the Saw franchise."}, "https://codexery.com/horror-film-franchises/e/horror-film-franchises/friday-the-13th-franchise/": {"t": "Friday the 13th (franchise)", "s": "A slasher franchise centered on Jason Voorhees and Camp Crystal Lake."}, "https://codexery.com/spiral/e/spiral/jigsaw/": {"t": "Jigsaw", "s": "A new game begins in the eighth Saw installment."}, "https://codexery.com/spiral/e/spiral/saw-x/": {"t": "Saw X", "s": "The tenth Saw film, set between the first two installments."}, "https://codexery.com/horror-films-about-toys/e/horror-films-about-toys/dead-silence/": {"t": "Dead Silence", "s": "A 2007 horror film about a vengeful ventriloquist's doll.", "i": "https://codexery.com/horror-films-about-toys/img/horror-films-about-toys/dead-silence.webp", "c": "Mark Twain · Public domain"}, "https://codexery.com/historical-figures/e/writers/kevin-bacon/": {"t": "Kevin Bacon", "s": "From Footloose to The Following, Kevin Bacon's career spans decades and genres."}, "https://codexery.com/video-game-genres/e/video-game-genres/survival-horror/": {"t": "Survival horror", "s": "A subgenre of action-adventure games focused on vulnerability and horror."}, "https://codexery.com/legendary-showmen-occultists-and-hoaxers/e/legendary-showmen-occultists-and-hoaxers/ed-and-lorraine-warren/": {"t": "Ed and Lorraine Warren", "s": "American paranormal investigators who popularized alleged hauntings in film and media."}, "https://codexery.com/u-s-states/e/u-s-states/north-carolina/": {"t": "North Carolina", "s": "Southern state known for first flight and early independence call."}, "https://codexery.com/horror-films-about-toys/e/horror-films-about-toys/annabelle-film/": {"t": "Annabelle (film)", "s": "A spin-off and prequel to The Conjuring.", "i": "https://codexery.com/horror-films-about-toys/img/horror-films-about-toys/annabelle-film.webp", "c": "Montclair Film · CC BY 2.0"}, "https://codexery.com/y-kai-in-popular-culture/e/y-kai-in-popular-culture/samurai-rabbit-the-usagi-chronicles/": {"t": "Samurai Rabbit: The Usagi Chronicles", "s": "A futuristic animated series based on Usagi Yojimbo."}, "https://codexery.com/national-cultures-and-ethnic-groups/e/national-cultures-and-ethnic-groups/culture-of-the-united-states/": {"t": "Culture of the United States", "s": "A melting pot of cultures with global influence."}, "https://codexery.com/bridges/e/great-bridges/the-brooklyn-bridge/": {"t": "The Brooklyn Bridge", "s": "An iconic cable-stayed suspension bridge spanning the East River between Manhattan and Brooklyn.", "i": "https://codexery.com/bridges/img/great-bridges/the-brooklyn-bridge.webp", "c": "Christian David · CC BY-SA 4.0"}, "https://codexery.com/portraitists-and-storytellers/e/portraitists-and-storytellers/thomas-hart-benton-painter/": {"t": "Thomas Hart Benton (painter)", "s": "American painter, muralist, and printmaker; leading figure of Regionalism."}, "https://codexery.com/performing-arts-music-genres/e/performing-arts-and-music-genres/country-music/": {"t": "Country music", "s": "A genre originating in the United States with diverse folk roots."}, "https://codexery.com/historical-figures/e/notable/ernest-hemingway/": {"t": "Ernest Hemingway", "s": "American novelist, short-story writer, and journalist known for his economical style and adventurous life."}, "https://codexery.com/revolutions-uprisings/e/revolutions-and-uprisings/american-revolution/": {"t": "American Revolution", "s": "Political movement that created the sovereign United States.", "i": "https://codexery.com/revolutions-uprisings/img/revolutions-and-uprisings/american-revolution.webp", "c": "via Wikipedia: American Revolution · see source"}, "https://codexery.com/inventors/e/great-inventors/leonardo-da-vinci/": {"t": "Leonardo da Vinci", "s": "Italian polymath of the High Renaissance.", "i": "https://codexery.com/inventors/img/great-inventors/leonardo-da-vinci.webp", "c": "Attributed to Francesco Melzi · via Wikipedia: Leonardo da Vinci · Public domain"}, "https://codexery.com/rebellions-against-the-british-empire/e/rebellions-against-the-british-empire/american-revolutionary-war/": {"t": "American Revolutionary War", "s": "Armed conflict that secured American independence from British rule.", "i": "https://codexery.com/rebellions-against-the-british-empire/img/rebellions-against-the-british-empire/american-revolutionary-war.webp", "c": "EgorovaSvetlana · CC BY-SA 4.0"}, "https://codexery.com/philadelphia-76ers/e/stadiums/philadelphia/": {"t": "Philadelphia", "s": "The gritty, soulful city where the Sixers legacy is forged in fire and celebrated with unmatched passion."}, "https://codexery.com/poets-and-lyricists/e/poets-and-lyricists/robert-burns/": {"t": "Robert Burns", "s": "Scottish poet and lyricist, national poet of Scotland.", "i": "https://codexery.com/poets-and-lyricists/img/poets-and-lyricists/robert-burns.webp", "c": "Malcolm MacCallum, Anatomical Museum in Edinburgh , Scotland. · CC BY-SA 4.0"}, "https://codexery.com/historical-figures/e/writers/marie-dressler/": {"t": "Marie Dressler", "s": "Canadian-born actress who won an Oscar in the Depression era."}, "https://codexery.com/clowning-physical-comedy/e/clowning-and-physical-comedy/charlie-chaplin/": {"t": "Charlie Chaplin", "s": "English comic actor and filmmaker, iconic as the Tramp.", "i": "https://codexery.com/clowning-physical-comedy/img/clowning-and-physical-comedy/charlie-chaplin.webp", "c": "via Wikipedia: Charlie Chaplin · see source"}, "https://codexery.com/comedy-legends/e/comedy-legends/roscoe-arbuckle/": {"t": "Roscoe Arbuckle", "s": "Silent comedy star whose career was overshadowed by scandal."}, "https://codexery.com/golden-age-hollywood/e/golden-age-hollywood/gloria-swanson/": {"t": "Gloria Swanson", "s": "Silent film star and pioneering woman filmmaker."}, "https://codexery.com/historical-figures/e/notable/bing-crosby/": {"t": "Bing Crosby", "s": "The voice that shaped a century."}, "https://codexery.com/clowning-physical-comedy/e/clowning-and-physical-comedy/w-c-fields/": {"t": "W. C. Fields", "s": "The Eccentric Juggler who became a comedy legend.", "i": "https://codexery.com/clowning-physical-comedy/img/clowning-and-physical-comedy/w-c-fields.webp", "c": "via Wikipedia: W. C. Fields · see source"}, "https://codexery.com/performers-and-entertainers/e/performers-and-entertainers/buster-keaton/": {"t": "Buster Keaton", "s": "Silent film comedian and stunt performer who learned through trial and error.", "i": "https://codexery.com/performers-and-entertainers/img/performers-and-entertainers/buster-keaton.webp", "c": "via Wikipedia: Stunt performer · see source"}, "https://codexery.com/christopher-nolan/e/people/mascot-pictures/": {"t": "Mascot Pictures", "s": "American film company known for serials and B-westerns."}, "https://codexery.com/comedians-and-comic-actors/e/comedians-and-comic-actors/stan-laurel/": {"t": "Stan Laurel", "s": "English comedian and half of Laurel and Hardy."}, "https://codexery.com/actors-filmmakers/e/actors-and-filmmakers/laurel-and-hardy/": {"t": "Laurel and Hardy", "s": "Silent and sound comedy duo, internationally famous for slapstick."}, "https://codexery.com/comedians-and-comic-actors/e/comedians-and-comic-actors/steve-allen/": {"t": "Steve Allen", "s": "Co-creator and first host of the first late-night nationwide television talk show."}, "https://codexery.com/literary-forms-tropes/e/literary-forms-and-tropes/cartoonist/": {"t": "Cartoonist", "s": "Visual artist who writes and draws cartoons or comics."}, "https://codexery.com/major-wars/e/major-wars/franco-prussian-war/": {"t": "Franco-Prussian War", "s": "Conflict that unified Germany and ended French imperial rule."}, "https://codexery.com/performing-arts-crafts/e/performing-arts-and-crafts/marionette/": {"t": "Marionette", "s": "String puppets controlled from above by a marionettist."}, "https://codexery.com/leaders-and-monarchs/e/leaders-and-monarchs/napoleon-iii/": {"t": "Napoleon III", "s": "First elected president and last monarch of France."}, "https://codexery.com/languages-and-dialects/e/languages-and-dialects/english-language/": {"t": "English language", "s": "A West Germanic language that became the world's lingua franca."}, "https://codexery.com/narrative-forms-and-devices/e/narrative-forms-and-devices/stream-of-consciousness/": {"t": "Stream of consciousness", "s": "A narrative mode depicting the flow of a character's thoughts."}, "https://codexery.com/film-and-theater-icons/e/film-and-theater-icons/winsor-mccay/": {"t": "Winsor McCay", "s": "Pioneer of animation and master of the comic strip.", "i": "https://codexery.com/film-and-theater-icons/img/film-and-theater-icons/winsor-mccay.webp", "c": "via Wikipedia: Winsor McCay · see source"}, "https://codexery.com/social-identity-prejudice/e/social-identity-and-prejudice/xenophobia/": {"t": "Xenophobia", "s": "Fear or dislike of people perceived as foreign or strange."}, "https://codexery.com/us-cities/e/us-cities/tucson-arizona/": {"t": "Tucson, Arizona", "s": "Second-largest city in Arizona, founded as a Spanish presidio in 1775."}, "https://codexery.com/film-history-movements/e/film-history-and-movements/cinema-of-nigeria/": {"t": "Cinema of Nigeria", "s": "From colonial peepholes to a global powerhouse: the story of Nollywood."}, "https://codexery.com/cities-and-settlements/e/cities-and-settlements/lagos/": {"t": "Lagos", "s": "Africa's most populous city and a major financial and cultural hub."}, "https://codexery.com/nigerian-states/e/nigerian-states/lagos-state/": {"t": "Lagos State", "s": "Nigeria's smallest state by area, largest by population."}, "https://codexery.com/film-classics/e/film-classics/battle-royale-film/": {"t": "Battle Royale (film)", "s": "A dystopian film about students forced to fight to the death."}, "https://codexery.com/literary-forms-tropes/e/literary-forms-and-tropes/character-arts/": {"t": "Character (arts)", "s": "A person or being in a narrative, fictional or real."}, "https://codexery.com/historical-figures/e/notable/david-bowie/": {"t": "David Bowie", "s": "The chameleon of rock who reinvented music and culture."}, "https://codexery.com/film-classics/e/film-classics/airplane/": {"t": "Airplane!", "s": "A 1980 parody of disaster films, especially Zero Hour!"}, "https://codexery.com/theatre-and-performance/e/theatre-and-performance/bunraku/": {"t": "Bunraku", "s": "Traditional Japanese puppet theatre with roots in 17th-century Osaka"}, "https://codexery.com/international-film-icons/e/international-film-icons/shintaro-katsu/": {"t": "Shintaro Katsu", "s": "The blind swordsman who carved his legend in blood and film."}, "https://codexery.com/corporations-conglomerates/e/corporations-and-conglomerates/sega/": {"t": "Sega", "s": "Sega: A legacy of arcade innovation and iconic franchises.", "i": "https://codexery.com/corporations-conglomerates/img/corporations-and-conglomerates/sega.webp", "c": "Evan-Amos · Public domain"}, "https://codexery.com/legal-systems-concepts/e/legal-systems-and-concepts/capital-punishment/": {"t": "Capital punishment", "s": "State-sanctioned killing as punishment for misconduct."}, "https://codexery.com/english-counties/e/english-counties/lancashire/": {"t": "Lancashire", "s": "A ceremonial county in North West England, bordered by Cumbria, North Yorkshire, West Yorkshire, Greater Manchester, Merseyside, and the Irish Sea."}, "https://codexery.com/english-counties/e/english-counties/worcestershire/": {"t": "Worcestershire", "s": "Historic county in the West Midlands of England."}, "https://codexery.com/english-counties/e/english-counties/cheshire/": {"t": "Cheshire", "s": "Ceremonial county in North West England with diverse economy."}, "https://codexery.com/fifa-world-cup/e/culture/london/": {"t": "London", "s": "A global city on the Thames, London blends nearly 2,000 years of history with a vibrant, multicultural present."}, "https://codexery.com/social-identity-prejudice/e/social-identity-and-prejudice/antisemitism/": {"t": "Antisemitism", "s": "Hostility or prejudice against Jews."}, "https://codexery.com/english-counties/e/english-counties/west-sussex/": {"t": "West Sussex", "s": "A county of coastal towns, rural Weald, and historic downs."}, "https://codexery.com/cities/e/capitals/berlin/": {"t": "Berlin", "s": "The heart of Europe, a city of culture and history."}, "https://codexery.com/crime-and-deviance/e/crime-and-deviance/treason/": {"t": "Treason", "s": "Crime of disloyalty to a state or sovereign."}, "https://codexery.com/film-history-movements/e/film-history-and-movements/cinema-of-egypt/": {"t": "Cinema of Egypt", "s": "Egyptian cinema is a pioneer in African and Arab film industries."}, "https://codexery.com/international-film-icons/e/international-film-icons/omar-sharif/": {"t": "Omar Sharif", "s": "Egypt's greatest male film star who conquered Hollywood.", "i": "https://codexery.com/international-film-icons/img/international-film-icons/omar-sharif.webp", "c": "nicolas genin from Paris, France · CC BY-SA 2.0"}, "https://codexery.com/african-independence-leaders-post-coloni/e/african-independence-leaders-and-post-colonial-figures/gamal-abdel-nasser/": {"t": "Gamal Abdel Nasser", "s": "Egyptian president who nationalized the Suez Canal and championed Arab unity.", "i": "https://codexery.com/african-independence-leaders-post-coloni/img/african-independence-leaders-and-post-colonial-figures/gamal-abdel-nasser.webp", "c": "via Wikipedia: Gamal Abdel Nasser · see source"}, "https://codexery.com/cold-war-conflicts/e/cold-war-conflicts/six-day-war/": {"t": "Six-Day War", "s": "In June 1967, a brief but intense conflict broke out between Israel and a coalition of Arab states—chiefly Egypt, Syria, and Jordan—lasting from the 5th to the "}, "https://codexery.com/historical-figures/e/notable/albert-camus/": {"t": "Albert Camus", "s": "French philosopher and Nobel laureate, key figure in absurdism."}, "https://codexery.com/sieges-and-battles/e/sieges-and-battles/siege-of-jerusalem-1187/": {"t": "Siege of Jerusalem (1187)", "s": "The 1187 siege of Jerusalem ended with a negotiated surrender, limited bloodshed, and the restoration of Muslim holy sites."}, "https://codexery.com/historical-figures/e/notable/saladin/": {"t": "Saladin", "s": "Founder of the Ayyubid dynasty and sultan of Egypt and Syria."}, "https://codexery.com/philosophers-thinkers/e/philosophers-and-thinkers/averroes/": {"t": "Averroes", "s": "Andalusian polymath and jurist, known as 'The Commentator' for his commentaries on Aristotle."}, "https://codexery.com/historical-figures/e/notable/aristotle/": {"t": "Aristotle", "s": "Ancient Greek philosopher and polymath, founder of the Peripatetic school."}, "https://codexery.com/fifa-world-cup/e/honours/saudi-arabia/": {"t": "Saudi Arabia", "s": "The Kingdom of Saudi Arabia: a land of ancient heritage, vast deserts, and global influence.", "i": "https://codexery.com/fifa-world-cup/img/honours/saudi-arabia.webp", "c": "via Wikipedia: Saudi Arabia at the FIFA World Cup · see source"}, "https://codexery.com/islamic-concepts-and-practices/e/islamic-concepts-and-practices/islamic-philosophy/": {"t": "Islamic philosophy", "s": "Philosophy emerging from the Islamic tradition, blending reason and faith."}, "https://codexery.com/cities/e/cultural/cairo/": {"t": "Cairo", "s": "The city of a thousand minarets"}, "https://codexery.com/martial-arts-fantasy-films/e/martial-arts-fantasy-films/house-of-flying-daggers/": {"t": "House of Flying Daggers", "s": "A wuxia tale of love and deception in a declining dynasty."}, "https://codexery.com/historical-figures/e/writers/gong-li/": {"t": "Gong Li", "s": "One of the best actresses in Chinese cinema, known for her versatility and naturalistic performances."}, "https://codexery.com/historical-figures/e/writers/zhang-ziyi/": {"t": "Zhang Ziyi", "s": "Chinese actress known for strong-willed roles and international acclaim."}, "https://codexery.com/historical-figures/e/notable/chiang-kai-shek/": {"t": "Chiang Kai-shek", "s": "Chinese military commander, revolutionary, and statesman; President of the Republic of China from 1948 to 1975."}, "https://codexery.com/modern-conflicts/e/modern-conflicts/chinese-civil-war/": {"t": "Chinese Civil War", "s": "Civil war between KMT and CCP, ending in Communist victory."}, "https://codexery.com/nobel-and-booker-prize-laureates/e/nobel-and-booker-prize-laureates/mo-yan/": {"t": "Mo Yan", "s": "Chinese writer awarded the Nobel Prize in Literature in 2012.", "i": "https://codexery.com/nobel-and-booker-prize-laureates/img/nobel-and-booker-prize-laureates/mo-yan.webp", "c": "via Wikipedia: Mo Yan · see source"}, "https://codexery.com/historical-figures/e/writers/jet-li/": {"t": "Jet Li", "s": "Martial artist, actor, and philanthropist who revived Hong Kong kungfu cinema."}, "https://codexery.com/historical-figures/e/writers/maggie-cheung/": {"t": "Maggie Cheung", "s": "Hong Kong screen legend and first Asian actress to win Best Actress at Cannes."}, "https://codexery.com/cities/e/capitals/beijing/": {"t": "Beijing", "s": "The world's most populous national capital, blending millennia of history with cutting-edge innovation."}}