{"https://codexery.com/british-empire/e/british-empire/british-empire/": {"t": "British Empire", "s": "The largest empire in history, spanning a quarter of Earth's land."}, "/e/australian-convict-sites/australian-convict-sites/": {"t": "Australian Convict Sites", "s": "Eleven penal sites from Australia's convict transportation era.", "i": "https://codexery.com/australian-convict-sites/img/australian-convict-sites/australian-convict-sites.webp", "c": "via Wikipedia: Australian Convict Sites · see source"}, "/e/australian-convict-sites/woolmers-estate/": {"t": "Woolmers Estate", "s": "Tasmanian farming estate founded by Thomas Archer in 1817.", "i": "https://codexery.com/australian-convict-sites/img/australian-convict-sites/woolmers-estate.webp", "c": "via Wikipedia: Woolmers Estate · see source"}, "https://codexery.com/architectural-styles-and-landmarks/e/architectural-styles-and-landmarks/georgian-architecture/": {"t": "Georgian architecture", "s": "Georgian architecture refers to the building styles common across most English-speaking countries from 1714 to 1830."}, "https://codexery.com/explorers-navigators/e/explorers-and-navigators/charles-kingsford-smith/": {"t": "Charles Kingsford Smith", "s": "Australian aviation pioneer who made the first transpacific flight."}, "https://codexery.com/explorers-navigators/e/explorers-and-navigators/amy-johnson/": {"t": "Amy Johnson", "s": "Pioneering English pilot and first woman to fly solo to Australia."}, "https://codexery.com/major-wars/e/major-wars/second-world-war/": {"t": "Second World War", "s": "Global conflict between Allies and Axis, deadliest in history."}, "https://codexery.com/cities-of-the-world/e/cities-of-the-world/brisbane/": {"t": "Brisbane", "s": "Brisbane, known in the local Turrbal and Yagara languages as Meanjin, serves as Queensland’s capital and largest city, and is Australia’s third most populous ur"}, "https://codexery.com/australian-folklore/e/australian-folklore/moondyne-joe/": {"t": "Moondyne Joe", "s": "Cornish-Welsh convict and bushranger known for multiple escapes."}, "https://codexery.com/art-movements-styles/e/art-movements-and-styles/victorian-architecture/": {"t": "Victorian architecture", "s": "Eclectic revival styles from Queen Victoria's reign."}, "https://codexery.com/branches-of-christianity/e/branches-of-christianity/anglicanism/": {"t": "Anglicanism", "s": "A Western Christian tradition rooted in the Church of England."}, "https://codexery.com/branches-of-christianity/e/branches-of-christianity/catholic-church/": {"t": "Catholic Church", "s": "The largest Christian church, with 1.28 to 1.41 billion baptized members.", "i": "https://codexery.com/branches-of-christianity/img/branches-of-christianity/catholic-church.webp", "c": "via Wikipedia: Christianity by country · see source"}, "https://codexery.com/modern-conflicts/e/modern-conflicts/crimean-war/": {"t": "Crimean War", "s": "A mid-19th century conflict between Russia and an alliance of the Ottoman Empire, France, the United Kingdom, and Sardinia, notable for modern technologies and "}, "https://codexery.com/family-relationships/e/family-and-relationships/wedding/": {"t": "Wedding", "s": "A ceremony uniting two people in marriage, with diverse global traditions."}, "https://codexery.com/labor-employment/e/labor-and-employment/strike-action/": {"t": "Strike action", "s": "A form of direct action in which employees collectively refuse to work, usually in response to grievances."}, "https://codexery.com/australian-cuisine/e/australian-cuisine/vegemite/": {"t": "Vegemite", "s": "Australian yeast extract spread, iconic since 1923."}, "https://codexery.com/english-inventions/e/english-inventions/cat-o-nine-tails/": {"t": "Cat o' nine tails", "s": "A multi-tailed whip used for naval and judicial punishment."}, "https://codexery.com/legal-systems-concepts/e/legal-systems-and-concepts/capital-punishment/": {"t": "Capital punishment", "s": "State-sanctioned killing as punishment for misconduct."}, "https://codexery.com/bushrangers/e/bushrangers/bushranger/": {"t": "Bushranger", "s": "Armed outlaws of the Australian bush."}, "https://codexery.com/historiography-methods/e/historiography-and-methods/oral-history/": {"t": "Oral history", "s": "Preserving memories, voices, and perspectives from the past through planned interviews.", "i": "https://codexery.com/historiography-methods/img/historiography-and-methods/oral-history.webp", "c": "Bonolo Nikita Rankaga · CC0"}, "https://codexery.com/cities/e/coastal/sydney/": {"t": "Sydney", "s": "The Harbour City, capital of New South Wales and Australia's largest city."}, "/e/australian-convict-sites/hyde-park-barracks-sydney/": {"t": "Hyde Park Barracks, Sydney", "s": "A UNESCO-listed convict barracks designed by a convict architect."}, "/e/australian-convict-sites/old-government-house-parramatta/": {"t": "Old Government House, Parramatta", "s": "Australia's oldest public building and a World Heritage convict site."}, "https://codexery.com/great-collapses/e/great-collapses/the-irish-famine/": {"t": "The Irish Famine", "s": "A period of mass starvation and disease in Ireland from 1845 to 1852, marked by profound demographic and political change."}, "https://codexery.com/geology-earth-surface/e/geology-and-earth-surface/sandstone/": {"t": "Sandstone", "s": "Clastic sedimentary rock composed mainly of sand-sized silicate grains.", "i": "https://codexery.com/geology-earth-surface/img/geology-and-earth-surface/sandstone.webp", "c": "Douglas W. Jones · CC0"}, "https://codexery.com/construction-and-engineering/e/construction-and-engineering/stairs/": {"t": "Stairs", "s": "Ancient structure for vertical passage via steps.", "i": "https://codexery.com/construction-and-engineering/img/construction-and-engineering/stairs.webp", "c": "Petar Milošević · CC BY-SA 4.0"}, "/e/australian-convict-sites/port-arthur-tasmania/": {"t": "Port Arthur, Tasmania", "s": "Port Arthur was a penal settlement for hardened secondary offenders.", "i": "https://codexery.com/australian-convict-sites/img/australian-convict-sites/port-arthur-tasmania.webp", "c": "via Wikipedia: Port Arthur, Tasmania · see source"}, "https://codexery.com/peninsulas/e/peninsulas/tasman-peninsula/": {"t": "Tasman Peninsula", "s": "Peninsula in south-east Tasmania, site of the Port Arthur penal settlement."}, "https://codexery.com/international-law-diplomacy/e/international-law-and-diplomacy/settler-colonialism/": {"t": "Settler colonialism", "s": "A structure of land seizure and indigenous elimination.", "i": "https://codexery.com/international-law-diplomacy/img/international-law-and-diplomacy/settler-colonialism.webp", "c": "Neve Gordon · Public domain"}, "https://codexery.com/pirate-ships/e/pirate-ships/sloop/": {"t": "Sloop", "s": "A single-masted fore-and-aft rig with one headsail."}, "https://codexery.com/geology/e/geology/geophysics/": {"t": "Geophysics", "s": "The physical science of Earth and planetary processes"}, "https://codexery.com/infectious-diseases/e/infectious-diseases/dysentery/": {"t": "Dysentery", "s": "A diarrheal disease causing bloody stools, often from poor sanitation."}, "https://codexery.com/inflammatory-diseases-of-the-digestive-s/e/inflammatory-diseases-of-the-digestive-system/enteritis/": {"t": "Enteritis", "s": "Inflammation of the small intestine with infectious and autoimmune causes."}, "https://codexery.com/infectious-diseases/e/infectious-diseases/epidemic/": {"t": "Epidemic", "s": "Rapid spread of disease above normally expected levels."}, "https://codexery.com/materials/e/materials/clapboard/": {"t": "Clapboard", "s": "Wooden siding of overlapping horizontal boards used on buildings."}, "https://codexery.com/construction-materials/e/construction-and-materials/chimney/": {"t": "Chimney", "s": "Ventilation structure for exhaust gases and smoke.", "i": "https://codexery.com/construction-materials/img/construction-and-materials/chimney.webp", "c": "Gerald England · CC BY-SA 2.0"}, "https://codexery.com/english-folklore/e/english-folklore/john-franklin/": {"t": "John Franklin", "s": "British Arctic explorer who died on his final Northwest Passage expedition."}, "https://codexery.com/visual-arts-and-artworks/e/visual-arts-and-artworks/watercolor-painting/": {"t": "Watercolor painting", "s": "A painting method using pigments suspended in a water-based solution."}, "https://codexery.com/australian-aboriginal-bushcraft/e/australian-aboriginal-bushcraft/fire-stick-farming/": {"t": "Fire-stick farming", "s": "Aboriginal controlled burning for land management."}, "/e/australian-convict-sites/isle-of-the-dead-tasmania/": {"t": "Isle of the Dead (Tasmania)", "s": "Small island cemetery and benchmark site at Port Arthur, Tasmania."}, "https://codexery.com/architectural-styles-and-landmarks/e/architectural-styles-and-landmarks/gothic-revival-architecture/": {"t": "Gothic Revival architecture", "s": "A movement reviving medieval Gothic architecture in the 19th century."}, "https://codexery.com/spatial-analysis-gis/e/spatial-analysis-and-gis/geographic-information-system/": {"t": "Geographic information system", "s": "Integrated computer systems for storing, analyzing, and visualizing geographic data."}, "https://codexery.com/bushrangers/e/bushrangers/martin-cash/": {"t": "Martin Cash", "s": "Irish-Australian bushranger who escaped Port Arthur twice.", "i": "https://codexery.com/bushrangers/img/bushrangers/martin-cash.webp", "c": "via Wikipedia: Martin Cash · see source"}, "https://codexery.com/dynasties-and-kingdoms/e/dynasties-and-kingdoms/qing-dynasty/": {"t": "Qing dynasty", "s": "The Qing dynasty, also called the Great Qing or Qing China, was an early modern empire in East Asia ruled by the Manchu people."}, "https://codexery.com/furniture-household-items/e/furniture-and-household-items/tableware/": {"t": "Tableware", "s": "Tableware includes dishes, cutlery, and glassware for dining."}, "https://codexery.com/regions-cultural-spheres/e/regions-and-cultural-spheres/western-world/": {"t": "Western world", "s": "An evolving cultural, political, and economic concept of diverse groups."}, "https://codexery.com/exploration-colonization/e/exploration-and-colonization/east-india-company/": {"t": "East India Company", "s": "Chartered company that ruled large parts of India and dominated key trade routes.", "i": "https://codexery.com/exploration-colonization/img/exploration-and-colonization/east-india-company.webp", "c": "John Bruce · Public domain"}, "https://codexery.com/uefa-champions-league/e/history/liverpool/": {"t": "Liverpool", "s": "Six European Cups, an English record.", "i": "https://codexery.com/uefa-champions-league/img/history/liverpool.webp", "c": "Ian S · CC BY-SA 2.0"}, "https://codexery.com/architectural-landmarks/e/architectural-landmarks/victoria-and-albert-museum/": {"t": "Victoria and Albert Museum", "s": "World's largest museum of applied arts, decorative arts and design."}, "https://codexery.com/u-s-states/e/u-s-states/new-jersey/": {"t": "New Jersey", "s": "Most densely populated U.S. state, hub of biopharmaceutical innovation."}, "https://codexery.com/major-wars/e/major-wars/first-opium-war/": {"t": "First Opium War", "s": "Conflict between Britain and Qing China over opium trade and diplomacy."}, "https://codexery.com/cities/e/modern-metropolis/hong-kong/": {"t": "Hong Kong", "s": "Asia's world city, a global financial hub."}, "https://codexery.com/cities-starting-with-j/e/cities-starting-with-j/jingdezhen/": {"t": "Jingdezhen", "s": "Jingdezhen is the historic Porcelain Capital of China."}, "https://codexery.com/ornamental-garden-plants/e/ornamental-and-garden-plants/chrysanthemum/": {"t": "Chrysanthemum", "s": "A late-season flower symbolizing autumn, cultivated for centuries in East Asia."}, "https://codexery.com/art-movements-styles/e/art-movements-and-styles/vernacular-architecture/": {"t": "Vernacular architecture", "s": "Building by local tradition, not professional architects."}, "https://codexery.com/rebellions-in-australia/e/rebellions-in-australia/rum-rebellion/": {"t": "Rum Rebellion", "s": "Australia's first and only military coup to date.", "i": "https://codexery.com/rebellions-in-australia/img/rebellions-in-australia/rum-rebellion.webp", "c": "via Wikipedia: Rum Rebellion · see source"}, "https://codexery.com/british-empire/e/british-empire/union-jack/": {"t": "Union Jack", "s": "National flag of the United Kingdom, also called the Union Jack.", "i": "https://codexery.com/british-empire/img/british-empire/union-jack.webp", "c": "via Wikipedia: Union Jack · PD"}, "/e/australian-convict-sites/brickendon-estate/": {"t": "Brickendon Estate", "s": "Working farm and World Heritage convict site in Tasmania.", "i": "https://codexery.com/australian-convict-sites/img/australian-convict-sites/brickendon-estate.webp", "c": "via Wikipedia: Brickendon Estate · see source"}, "https://codexery.com/european-prime-ministers-and-statesmen/e/european-prime-ministers-and-statesmen/robert-jenkinson-2nd-earl-of-liverpool/": {"t": "Robert Jenkinson, 2nd Earl of Liverpool", "s": "Prime Minister of the United Kingdom from 1812 to 1827"}}