[{"n": "Active optics", "u": "/e/astrophotography/active-optics/", "s": "Technology that actively shapes telescope mirrors to prevent deformation."}, {"n": "Active surface", "u": "/e/astrophotography/active-surface/", "s": "Computer-controlled surface correction for large radio telescopes."}, {"n": "AIPS++", "u": "/e/astrophotography/aips/", "s": "Software package reborn as CASA for radio telescopes."}, {"n": "Air mass (astronomy)", "u": "/e/astrophotography/air-mass-astronomy/", "s": "Air mass measures atmospheric path length affecting celestial brightness."}, {"n": "Aperture masking interferometry", "u": "/e/astrophotography/aperture-masking-interferometry/", "s": "A speckle interferometry technique achieving diffraction-limited imaging via aperture masks."}, {"n": "Aperture synthesis", "u": "/e/astrophotography/aperture-synthesis/", "s": "A technique combining telescope signals to achieve high angular resolution."}, {"n": "Association (astronomy)", "u": "/e/astrophotography/association-astronomy/", "s": "Co-added HST exposures cleaned of cosmic rays."}, {"n": "ASTHROS", "u": "/e/astrophotography/asthros/", "s": "Planned NASA balloon-borne telescope, largest ever balloon observatory."}, {"n": "Astrometric solving", "u": "/e/astrophotography/astrometric-solving/", "s": "Matching image stars to catalogues for precise celestial coordinates."}, {"n": "Astronomical Image Processing System", "u": "/e/astrophotography/astronomical-image-processing-system/", "s": "Radio interferometry data-reduction package, still active after decades."}, {"n": "Astronomical seeing", "u": "/e/astrophotography/astronomical-seeing/", "s": "Atmospheric turbulence blurs astronomical images, limiting telescope resolution."}, {"n": "Astronomical survey", "u": "/e/astrophotography/astronomical-survey/", "s": "A general map or image of the sky lacking a specific target."}, {"n": "Astrophotography", "u": "/e/astrophotography/astrophotography/", "s": "Astrophotography records celestial objects using long exposures and specialized equipment."}, {"n": "Barn door tracker", "u": "/e/astrophotography/barn-door-tracker/", "s": "A simple mount that cancels Earth's rotation for astrophotography."}, {"n": "Blink comparator", "u": "/e/astrophotography/blink-comparator/", "s": "A device for blinking between sky photos to spot changes."}, {"n": "Charge-coupled device", "u": "/e/astrophotography/charge-coupled-device/", "s": "An integrated circuit that converts light into electric charge for imaging."}, {"n": "Chopping (astronomy)", "u": "/e/astrophotography/chopping-astronomy/", "s": "A technique to cancel background heat in infrared telescopes."}, {"n": "Cold camera photography", "u": "/e/astrophotography/cold-camera-photography/", "s": "Cold camera photography reduces noise and reciprocity failure in astrophotography."}, {"n": "Stanford Dish (Stanford Radio Telescope)", "u": "/e/astrophotography/stanford-dish-stanford-radio-telescope/", "s": "Steerable radio antenna in Stanford, California foothills."}, {"n": "Drizzle (image processing)", "u": "/e/astrophotography/drizzle-image-processing/", "s": "A linear reconstruction method for undersampled astronomical images."}, {"n": "Eclipse photography", "u": "/e/astrophotography/eclipse-photography/", "s": "Capturing solar and lunar eclipses with specialized equipment and techniques."}, {"n": "ExoLife Finder", "u": "/e/astrophotography/exolife-finder/", "s": "A 35-meter interferometric telescope designed to directly image exoplanets."}, {"n": "Far-infrared astronomy", "u": "/e/astrophotography/far-infrared-astronomy/", "s": "Studies cold matter via far-infrared radiation from space."}, {"n": "Radio astronomy", "u": "/e/astrophotography/radio-astronomy/", "s": "Passive observation of celestial objects using radio waves."}, {"n": "Radio telescope", "u": "/e/astrophotography/radio-telescope/", "s": "A specialized antenna and receiver for detecting cosmic radio waves."}, {"n": "Spectral atlas", "u": "/e/astrophotography/spectral-atlas/", "s": "A reference collection of spectra for comparison and classification."}, {"n": "Spectro-Polarimetric High-Contrast Exoplanet Research", "u": "/e/astrophotography/spectro-polarimetric-high-contrast-exoplanet-research/", "s": "Direct imaging facility for exoplanets at the Very Large Telescope."}, {"n": "Star trail", "u": "/e/astrophotography/star-trail/", "s": "Long-exposure photos capturing stars as streaks due to Earth's rotation."}, {"n": "Starlink Project", "u": "/e/astrophotography/starlink-project/", "s": "UK astronomical computing project supplying data reduction software and hardware."}, {"n": "Strehl ratio", "u": "/e/astrophotography/strehl-ratio/", "s": "A measure of optical quality relative to a perfect system."}, {"n": "Submillimetre astronomy", "u": "/e/astrophotography/submillimetre-astronomy/", "s": "Submillimetre astronomy traces cold gas and dust across the universe."}, {"n": "Taiwanese–American Occultation Survey", "u": "/e/astrophotography/taiwanese-american-occultation-survey/", "s": "Robotic survey using occultations to probe small Outer Solar System objects."}, {"n": "Telescope", "u": "/e/astrophotography/telescope/", "s": "A device for observing distant objects via electromagnetic radiation."}, {"n": "Thermographic camera", "u": "/e/astrophotography/thermographic-camera/", "s": "A device that visualizes temperature by detecting infrared radiation."}, {"n": "Timeline of telescopes, observatories, and observing technology", "u": "/e/astrophotography/timeline-of-telescopes-observatories-and-observing-technology/", "s": "A chronology of astronomical instruments and observatories from antiquity to 1918."}, {"n": "Ultraviolet astronomy", "u": "/e/astrophotography/ultraviolet-astronomy/", "s": "Observing the hot, energetic universe in ultraviolet light."}, {"n": "Vector magnetograph", "u": "/e/astrophotography/vector-magnetograph/", "s": "An imaging telescope that estimates the 3-D vector of a magnetic field."}, {"n": "Very-long-baseline interferometry", "u": "/e/astrophotography/very-long-baseline-interferometry/", "s": "VLBI combines radio telescopes to emulate a giant telescope."}, {"n": "Video astronomy", "u": "/e/astrophotography/video-astronomy/", "s": "Near real-time observing of faint objects using sensitive cameras."}, {"n": "Visible-light astronomy", "u": "/e/astrophotography/visible-light-astronomy/", "s": "The oldest and most accessible form of astronomy, using visible light."}, {"n": "X-ray astronomy", "u": "/e/astrophotography/x-ray-astronomy/", "s": "Observing the universe in X-rays from above Earth's atmosphere."}, {"n": "Afocal photography", "u": "/e/astrophotography/afocal-photography/", "s": "Afocal photography mounts a camera over an eyepiece for imaging."}, {"n": "Solarigraphy", "u": "/e/astrophotography/solarigraphy/", "s": "Long-exposure pinhole photography capturing the sun's path on unprocessed paper."}, {"n": "Space selfie", "u": "/e/astrophotography/space-selfie/", "s": "A self-portrait taken in outer space by astronauts or machines."}, {"n": "Speckle imaging", "u": "/e/astrophotography/speckle-imaging/", "s": "High-resolution technique using short exposures to freeze atmospheric turbulence."}, {"n": "400 Years of the Telescope", "u": "/e/astrophotography/400-years-of-the-telescope/", "s": "Documentary chronicling the telescope from Galileo to dark energy."}, {"n": "Altazimuth mount", "u": "/e/astrophotography/altazimuth-mount/", "s": "A simple two-axis mount for rotating instruments about vertical and horizontal axes."}, {"n": "Astrograph", "u": "/e/astrophotography/astrograph/", "s": "A telescope designed exclusively for astrophotography and sky surveys."}, {"n": "Astroscan", "u": "/e/astrophotography/astroscan/", "s": "A durable, wide-field Newtonian reflector for novice astronomers."}, {"n": "Atmosphere and Telescope Simulator", "u": "/e/astrophotography/atmosphere-and-telescope-simulator/", "s": "Laboratory tool simulating telescope and atmospheric conditions for education and testing."}, {"n": "Automated Planet Finder", "u": "/e/astrophotography/automated-planet-finder/", "s": "Fully robotic 2.4-meter telescope searching for exoplanets via radial velocity."}, {"n": "Bahtinov mask", "u": "/e/astrophotography/bahtinov-mask/", "s": "A focusing mask producing three angled diffraction spikes for precise alignment."}, {"n": "Birmingham Solar Oscillations Network", "u": "/e/astrophotography/birmingham-solar-oscillations-network/", "s": "Longest running helioseismology network monitoring solar oscillations since 1976."}, {"n": "Chabot Space and Science Center", "u": "/e/astrophotography/chabot-space-and-science-center/", "s": "A public observatory and science center since 1883."}, {"n": "Comet seeker", "u": "/e/astrophotography/comet-seeker/", "s": "A short-focal-length telescope for comet hunting."}, {"n": "Compton telescope", "u": "/e/astrophotography/compton-telescope/", "s": "A gamma-ray detector using Compton scattering to locate sources."}, {"n": "Cophasing", "u": "/e/astrophotography/cophasing/", "s": "Precise control of segmented mirrors to achieve full telescope resolution."}, {"n": "Dark Energy Spectroscopic Instrument", "u": "/e/astrophotography/dark-energy-spectroscopic-instrument/", "s": "A spectrographic instrument probing dark energy and cosmic expansion."}, {"n": "Diffraction-limited system", "u": "/e/astrophotography/diffraction-limited-system/", "s": "The maximum resolution achievable by an ideal optical system due to diffraction."}, {"n": "Dorpat Great Refractor", "u": "/e/astrophotography/dorpat-great-refractor/", "s": "First modern achromatic great refractor with German equatorial mount."}, {"n": "Equatorial mount", "u": "/e/astrophotography/equatorial-mount/", "s": "A mount that tracks celestial objects by aligning with Earth's rotation."}, {"n": "Eyepiece", "u": "/e/astrophotography/eyepiece/", "s": "Eyepieces magnify the image formed by an objective lens or mirror."}, {"n": "Foucault knife-edge test", "u": "/e/astrophotography/foucault-knife-edge-test/", "s": "Simple optical test for measuring concave mirror shapes."}, {"n": "Galaxy H-Alpha Fabry-Perot System", "u": "/e/astrophotography/galaxy-h-alpha-fabry-perot-system/", "s": "An optical Fabry-Perot interferometer mapping ionized hydrogen velocity fields."}, {"n": "Hale Telescope", "u": "/e/astrophotography/hale-telescope/", "s": "A 200-inch reflecting telescope at Palomar Observatory, completed in 1949."}, {"n": "HATNet Project", "u": "/e/astrophotography/hatnet-project/", "s": "A network of automated telescopes detecting transiting exoplanets."}]