{"https://codexery.com/cosmology-concepts/e/cosmology-concepts/physical-cosmology/": {"t": "Physical cosmology", "s": "Study of the universe's origin, structure, and evolution."}, "https://codexery.com/cosmology-concepts/e/cosmology-concepts/expansion-of-the-universe/": {"t": "Expansion of the universe", "s": "The increase in distance between gravitationally unbound parts of the universe."}, "https://codexery.com/astronomy-space/e/astronomy-and-space/observable-universe/": {"t": "Observable universe", "s": "The portion of the universe visible from Earth."}, "/e/astronomy/galaxy-formation-and-evolution/": {"t": "Galaxy formation and evolution", "s": "Study of galaxy origins, structure, and change over cosmic time."}, "https://codexery.com/cosmology-concepts/e/cosmology-concepts/structure-formation/": {"t": "Structure formation", "s": "Process creating galaxies and voids from density ripples."}, "https://codexery.com/astronomical-radio-sources/e/astronomical-radio-sources/cosmic-microwave-background/": {"t": "Cosmic microwave background", "s": "Relic radiation from the early universe."}, "https://codexery.com/electromagnetism-and-radiation/e/electromagnetism-and-radiation/radiation/": {"t": "Radiation", "s": "Energy emitted as waves or particles through space or matter."}, "https://codexery.com/particle-and-nuclear-physics/e/particle-and-nuclear-physics/particle-physics/": {"t": "Particle physics", "s": "Study of fundamental particles and forces that constitute matter and radiation."}, "https://codexery.com/nasa-space-probes/e/nasa-space-probes/wilkinson-microwave-anisotropy-probe/": {"t": "Wilkinson Microwave Anisotropy Probe", "s": "Mapped the cosmic microwave background to establish the standard cosmological model."}, "https://codexery.com/cosmology-concepts/e/cosmology-concepts/big-bang-nucleosynthesis/": {"t": "Big Bang nucleosynthesis", "s": "Model for light nuclei formation in the early universe."}, "https://codexery.com/cosmology-concepts/e/cosmology-concepts/horizon-problem/": {"t": "Horizon problem", "s": "A cosmological fine-tuning problem in the Big Bang model."}, "https://codexery.com/optics-and-color/e/optics-and-color/speed-of-light/": {"t": "Speed of light", "s": "Universal constant defining the maximum speed in spacetime."}, "https://codexery.com/cosmic-mysteries/e/cosmic-mysteries/dark-matter/": {"t": "Dark matter", "s": "Invisible matter inferred from gravitational effects on cosmic scales."}, "https://codexery.com/planets-stellar-astronomy/e/planets-and-stellar-astronomy/solar-system/": {"t": "Solar System", "s": "The Sun and all objects gravitationally bound to it.", "i": "https://codexery.com/planets-stellar-astronomy/img/planets-and-stellar-astronomy/solar-system.webp", "c": "via Wikipedia: Solar System · see source"}, "https://codexery.com/spiral-galaxies/e/spiral-galaxies/milky-way/": {"t": "Milky Way", "s": "The barred spiral galaxy containing the Solar System."}, "https://codexery.com/named-stars/e/named-stars/sun/": {"t": "Sun", "s": "The Sun is the central star of the Solar System."}, "https://codexery.com/geology/e/geology/earth-s-magnetic-field/": {"t": "Earth's magnetic field", "s": "Earth's magnetic field, generated by a geodynamo in the outer core, protects the planet from solar wind and cosmic rays."}, "https://codexery.com/particle-and-nuclear-physics/e/particle-and-nuclear-physics/neutrino/": {"t": "Neutrino", "s": "An elusive elementary particle that rarely interacts with matter."}, "https://codexery.com/electromagnetism-and-waves/e/electromagnetism-and-waves/gamma-ray/": {"t": "Gamma ray", "s": "Penetrating electromagnetic radiation from nuclear decay and cosmic events."}, "https://codexery.com/stars-and-stellar-objects/e/stars-and-stellar-objects/blazar/": {"t": "Blazar", "s": "Blazars are active galactic nuclei with jets aimed at Earth."}, "https://codexery.com/electromagnetism/e/electromagnetism/electromagnetic-radiation/": {"t": "Electromagnetic radiation", "s": "Self-propagating wave of the electromagnetic field carrying energy."}, "https://codexery.com/german-inventions/e/german-inventions/anode-ray/": {"t": "Anode ray", "s": "Beams of positive ions observed in gas-discharge tubes."}, "https://codexery.com/particle-and-nuclear-physics/e/particle-and-nuclear-physics/positron/": {"t": "Positron", "s": "First antimatter particle, predicted by Dirac, discovered by Anderson."}, "https://codexery.com/particle-and-nuclear-physics/e/particle-and-nuclear-physics/muon/": {"t": "Muon", "s": "A heavy electron that reshaped particle physics."}, "https://codexery.com/particle-and-nuclear-physics/e/particle-and-nuclear-physics/radioactive-decay/": {"t": "Radioactive decay", "s": "Unstable atomic nuclei lose energy by emitting radiation."}, "https://codexery.com/particle-and-nuclear-physics/e/particle-and-nuclear-physics/ionization/": {"t": "Ionization", "s": "Process by which atoms or molecules gain or lose electrons to become ions."}, "https://codexery.com/world-wonders/e/world-wonders/the-eiffel-tower/": {"t": "The Eiffel Tower", "s": "Locally nicknamed \"La dame de fer\" (French for \"Iron Lady\") due to its construction from wrought iron, the Eiffel Tower is a lattice tower situated on the Champ"}, "https://codexery.com/planets-and-dwarf-planets/e/planets-and-dwarf-planets/earth/": {"t": "Earth", "s": "The only known planet with liquid surface water and life."}, "https://codexery.com/historical-figures/e/notable/albert-einstein/": {"t": "Albert Einstein", "s": "Theoretical physicist who developed relativity and E=mc²"}, "https://codexery.com/relativity-and-gravitation/e/relativity-and-gravitation/einstein-field-equations/": {"t": "Einstein field equations", "s": "Tensor equations linking spacetime geometry to matter-energy.", "i": "https://codexery.com/relativity-and-gravitation/img/relativity-and-gravitation/einstein-field-equations.webp", "c": "Hendrik Lorentz · Public domain"}, "https://codexery.com/cosmic-mysteries/e/cosmic-mysteries/dark-energy/": {"t": "Dark energy", "s": "The mysterious force accelerating the universe's expansion"}, "https://codexery.com/classical-mechanics/e/classical-mechanics/gravity/": {"t": "Gravity", "s": "Gravity is the fundamental attraction between objects with mass.", "i": "https://codexery.com/classical-mechanics/img/classical-mechanics/gravity.webp", "c": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/User:Nicoguaro · CC BY-SA 3.0"}, "https://codexery.com/scientists-and-mathematicians/e/scientists-and-mathematicians/edwin-hubble/": {"t": "Edwin Hubble", "s": "The astronomer who revealed the universe beyond the Milky Way"}, "https://codexery.com/cosmology-concepts/e/cosmology-concepts/accelerating-expansion-of-the-universe/": {"t": "Accelerating expansion of the universe", "s": "Discovery that the universe's expansion is speeding up, not slowing down."}, "https://codexery.com/cosmology-concepts/e/cosmology-concepts/lambda-cdm-model/": {"t": "Lambda-CDM model", "s": "Standard cosmological model of dark energy and cold dark matter."}, "https://codexery.com/particle-and-nuclear-physics/e/particle-and-nuclear-physics/quantum-field-theory/": {"t": "Quantum field theory", "s": "Framework combining field theory, relativity, and quantum mechanics."}, "https://codexery.com/historical-figures/e/notable/isaac-newton/": {"t": "Isaac Newton", "s": "English polymath who formulated laws of motion and universal gravitation."}, "https://codexery.com/cosmology-concepts/e/cosmology-concepts/redshift/": {"t": "Redshift", "s": "Redshift measures the stretching of light from moving or distant sources."}, "https://codexery.com/astronomers-and-cosmologists/e/astronomers-and-cosmologists/arthur-eddington/": {"t": "Arthur Eddington", "s": "English astrophysicist who confirmed general relativity and studied stellar interiors.", "i": "https://codexery.com/astronomers-and-cosmologists/img/astronomers-and-cosmologists/arthur-eddington.webp", "c": "via Wikipedia: Arthur Eddington · see source"}, "https://codexery.com/philosophical-concepts/e/philosophical-concepts/epistemology/": {"t": "Epistemology", "s": "Philosophical study of knowledge, its sources, and its limits."}, "https://codexery.com/space-probes-of-esa-japan-china-india/e/space-probes-of-esa-japan-china-india-and-the-ussr/planck-spacecraft/": {"t": "Planck (spacecraft)", "s": "ESA observatory that mapped the cosmic microwave background with unprecedented precision."}, "https://codexery.com/supernova-remnants/e/supernova-remnants/supernova-remnant/": {"t": "Supernova remnant", "s": "Expanding structures from stellar explosions, key sources of cosmic rays."}, "https://codexery.com/supernova-remnants/e/supernova-remnants/pulsar-wind-nebula/": {"t": "Pulsar wind nebula", "s": "Nebula powered by a central pulsar's relativistic wind."}, "https://codexery.com/stars-and-stellar-objects/e/stars-and-stellar-objects/constellation/": {"t": "Constellation", "s": "Patterns in the sky that guide stories and navigation."}, "https://codexery.com/constellations/e/constellations/taurus/": {"t": "Taurus (constellation)", "s": "An ancient zodiac constellation featuring the Pleiades and the Crab Nebula."}, "https://codexery.com/science-measurement/e/science-and-measurement/telescope/": {"t": "Telescope", "s": "Observing the universe across the electromagnetic spectrum", "i": "https://codexery.com/science-measurement/img/science-and-measurement/telescope.webp", "c": "Pelligton · CC BY-SA 4.0"}, "https://codexery.com/discoverers-of-astronomical-objects/e/discoverers-of-astronomical-objects/john-bevis/": {"t": "John Bevis", "s": "English doctor, electrical researcher, and discoverer of the Crab Nebula."}, "https://codexery.com/supernova-remnants/e/supernova-remnants/sn-1054/": {"t": "SN 1054", "s": "Supernova of 1054 whose remnant is the Crab Nebula."}, "https://codexery.com/ancient-empires/e/ancient-empires/maya-civilization/": {"t": "Maya civilization", "s": "Ancient Mesoamerican civilization known for its temples, glyphs, and advanced mathematics."}, "https://codexery.com/variable-stars/e/variable-stars/guest-star-astronomy/": {"t": "Guest star (astronomy)", "s": "Ancient Chinese term for a transient star, now linked to novae and supernovae."}, "https://codexery.com/moons-of-saturn/e/moons-of-saturn/titan-moon/": {"t": "Titan (moon)", "s": "Saturn's largest moon, with a thick atmosphere and liquid lakes."}, "https://codexery.com/stars-and-stellar-phenomena/e/stars-and-stellar-phenomena/crab-pulsar/": {"t": "Crab Pulsar", "s": "A young neutron star at the heart of the Crab Nebula, discovered in 1968 and the first pulsar linked to a supernova remnant."}, "https://codexery.com/cosmic-mysteries/e/cosmic-mysteries/neutron-stars/": {"t": "Neutron stars", "s": "Gravitationally collapsed cores of massive stars, second only to black holes."}, "https://codexery.com/electromagnetism-and-waves/e/electromagnetism-and-waves/radio-wave/": {"t": "Radio wave", "s": "Electromagnetic waves with the longest wavelengths and lowest frequencies."}, "https://codexery.com/astronomers-and-cosmologists/e/astronomers-and-cosmologists/charles-messier/": {"t": "Charles Messier", "s": "Charles Messier (1730–1817) was a French astronomer best known for compiling a catalogue of 110 nebulae and star clusters, now called the Messier objects, each ", "i": "https://codexery.com/astronomers-and-cosmologists/img/astronomers-and-cosmologists/charles-messier.webp", "c": "Ansiaux (1729—1786) (??) · via Wikipedia: Charles Messier · Public domain"}, "https://codexery.com/messier-objects/e/messier-objects/messier-object/": {"t": "Messier object", "s": "A famous catalogue of deep-sky objects compiled by Charles Messier."}, "/e/astronomy/halley-s-comet/": {"t": "Halley's Comet", "s": "First comet recognized as periodic, observed for over two millennia.", "i": "https://codexery.com/astronomy/img/astronomy/halley-s-comet.webp", "c": "via Wikipedia: Halley's Comet · see source"}, "https://codexery.com/astronomers-and-astrophysicists/e/astronomers-and-astrophysicists/william-herschel/": {"t": "William Herschel", "s": "Discoverer of Uranus and infrared radiation", "i": "https://codexery.com/astronomers-and-astrophysicists/img/astronomers-and-astrophysicists/william-herschel.webp", "c": "Lemuel Francis Abbott · via Wikipedia: William Herschel · Public domain"}, "https://codexery.com/space-telescopes/e/space-telescopes/chandra-x-ray-observatory/": {"t": "Chandra X-ray Observatory", "s": "Flagship X-ray telescope launched in 1999, still operating."}, "https://codexery.com/nebulae/e/nebulae/interstellar-cloud/": {"t": "Interstellar cloud", "s": "Denser-than-average regions of the interstellar medium, where hydrogen can be neutral, ionized, or molecular."}, "https://codexery.com/astronomy-space/e/astronomy-and-space/molecular-cloud/": {"t": "Molecular cloud", "s": "Dense interstellar clouds where stars are born."}, "https://codexery.com/electromagnetism-and-radiation/e/electromagnetism-and-radiation/visible-spectrum/": {"t": "Visible spectrum", "s": "The range of electromagnetic radiation visible to the human eye."}, "https://codexery.com/emission-dark-and-reflection-nebulae/e/emission-dark-and-reflection-nebulae/reflection-nebula/": {"t": "Reflection nebula", "s": "Interstellar dust clouds made visible by reflected starlight."}, "/e/astronomy/extinction-astronomy/": {"t": "Extinction (astronomy)", "s": "Extinction dims and reddens starlight via interstellar dust and gas."}, "https://codexery.com/nebulae/e/nebulae/bok-globule/": {"t": "Bok globule", "s": "Dark nebulae where stars are born, often forming double or multiple systems.", "i": "https://codexery.com/nebulae/img/nebulae/bok-globule.webp", "c": "ESO · CC BY 4.0"}, "https://codexery.com/electromagnetism-and-waves/e/electromagnetism-and-waves/infrared/": {"t": "Infrared", "s": "Invisible electromagnetic radiation between visible light and microwaves."}, "https://codexery.com/astrophotography/e/astrophotography/radio-astronomy/": {"t": "Radio astronomy", "s": "Passive observation of celestial objects using radio waves.", "i": "https://codexery.com/astrophotography/img/astrophotography/radio-astronomy.webp", "c": "Maksym Kozlenko · CC BY-SA 4.0"}, "https://codexery.com/chemistry-fundamentals/e/chemistry-fundamentals/ammonia/": {"t": "Ammonia", "s": "A colourless gas with a pungent smell, vital for fertilizers."}, "https://codexery.com/chemistry/e/chemistry/formaldehyde/": {"t": "Formaldehyde", "s": "Simplest aldehyde, key industrial chemical, and atmospheric pollutant."}, "https://codexery.com/nebulae/e/nebulae/coalsack-nebula/": {"t": "Coalsack Nebula", "s": "A dark nebula visible as a patch in the Milky Way.", "i": "https://codexery.com/nebulae/img/nebulae/coalsack-nebula.webp", "c": "ESO/ S. Brunier · CC BY 4.0"}, "https://codexery.com/planets-stellar-astronomy/e/planets-and-stellar-astronomy/star-formation/": {"t": "Star formation", "s": "Process by which dense molecular cloud regions collapse into stars."}, "https://codexery.com/astronomical-radio-sources/e/astronomical-radio-sources/astrophysical-maser/": {"t": "Astrophysical maser", "s": "Naturally occurring stimulated emission in space"}, "https://codexery.com/elliptical-and-irregular-galaxies/e/elliptical-and-irregular-galaxies/large-magellanic-cloud/": {"t": "Large Magellanic Cloud", "s": "A dwarf satellite galaxy of the Milky Way, rich in gas and star formation."}, "https://codexery.com/constellations/e/constellations/leo/": {"t": "Leo (constellation)", "s": "Zodiac constellation representing the Nemean Lion slain by Heracles."}, "https://codexery.com/galaxies-and-their-properties/e/galaxies-and-their-properties/interacting-galaxy/": {"t": "Interacting galaxy", "s": "Galaxies whose gravity disturbs one another.", "i": "https://codexery.com/galaxies-and-their-properties/img/galaxies-and-their-properties/interacting-galaxy.webp", "c": "NASA, ESA, the Hubble Heritage (STScI/AURA)-ESA/Hubble Collaboration, and A. Eva · Public domain"}, "https://codexery.com/spiral-galaxies/e/spiral-galaxies/spiral-galaxy/": {"t": "Spiral galaxy", "s": "Spiral galaxies feature rotating disks, arms, and often a central bar."}, "https://codexery.com/stars-and-stellar-objects/e/stars-and-stellar-objects/active-galactic-nucleus/": {"t": "Active galactic nucleus", "s": "Compact region at a galaxy's center emitting non-stellar radiation, powered by accretion onto a supermassive black hole."}, "https://codexery.com/astronomy-space/e/astronomy-and-space/local-group/": {"t": "Local Group", "s": "Galaxy group containing the Milky Way and Andromeda."}, "https://codexery.com/messier-objects/e/messier-objects/andromeda-galaxy/": {"t": "Andromeda Galaxy", "s": "Nearest major galaxy to the Milky Way."}, "https://codexery.com/messier-objects/e/messier-objects/triangulum-galaxy/": {"t": "Triangulum Galaxy", "s": "A spiral galaxy and third-largest member of the Local Group."}, "https://codexery.com/cosmology-concepts/e/cosmology-concepts/chronology-of-the-universe/": {"t": "Chronology of the universe", "s": "Standard timeline of cosmic history from inflation to present."}, "https://codexery.com/cosmology-concepts/e/cosmology-concepts/universe/": {"t": "Universe", "s": "The totality of all space, time, matter, and energy."}, "https://codexery.com/planets-and-dwarf-planets/e/planets-and-dwarf-planets/dwarf-planet/": {"t": "Dwarf planet", "s": "A rounded solar orbiter that has not cleared its orbit."}, "https://codexery.com/orbits-and-celestial-mechanics/e/orbits-and-celestial-mechanics/orbital-eccentricity/": {"t": "Orbital eccentricity", "s": "Parameter measuring deviation of an orbit from a perfect circle."}, "https://codexery.com/discoveries-by-michael-e-brown/e/discoveries-by-michael-e-brown/michael-e-brown/": {"t": "Michael E. Brown", "s": "Astronomer whose discoveries led to Pluto's reclassification as a dwarf planet."}, "https://codexery.com/new-religious-movement-deities/e/new-religious-movement-deities/eris-mythology/": {"t": "Eris (mythology)", "s": "Greek goddess of strife and discord, instigator of the Trojan War."}, "https://codexery.com/planets-and-dwarf-planets/e/planets-and-dwarf-planets/pluto/": {"t": "Pluto", "s": "Dwarf planet in the Kuiper belt, once the ninth planet."}, "https://codexery.com/discoveries-by-michael-e-brown/e/discoveries-by-michael-e-brown/dysnomia-moon/": {"t": "Dysnomia (moon)", "s": "Only known moon of dwarf planet Eris, second-largest dwarf planet moon."}, "https://codexery.com/planets-and-dwarf-planets/e/planets-and-dwarf-planets/neptune/": {"t": "Neptune", "s": "The only planet discovered through mathematical prediction, not direct observation."}, "https://codexery.com/hypothetical-astronomical-objects/e/hypothetical-astronomical-objects/planets-beyond-neptune/": {"t": "Planets beyond Neptune", "s": "Hypothetical worlds beyond Neptune, from Planet X to Planet Nine."}, "https://codexery.com/international-organizations-and-agreemen/e/international-organizations-and-agreements/international-astronomical-union/": {"t": "International Astronomical Union", "s": "Global authority for astronomical naming and cooperation."}, "https://codexery.com/planets-and-dwarf-planets/e/planets-and-dwarf-planets/definition-of-planet/": {"t": "Definition of planet", "s": "A contested term for celestial bodies, defined by orbit, roundness, and dominance."}, "https://codexery.com/planets-and-dwarf-planets/e/planets-and-dwarf-planets/iau-definition-of-planet/": {"t": "IAU definition of planet", "s": "IAU definition reclassified Pluto as a dwarf planet in 2006."}, "https://codexery.com/planets-and-dwarf-planets/e/planets-and-dwarf-planets/ceres-dwarf-planet/": {"t": "Ceres (dwarf planet)", "s": "Dwarf planet in the main asteroid belt, first discovered asteroid."}, "https://codexery.com/space-missions/e/space-missions/new-horizons/": {"t": "New Horizons", "s": "The first spacecraft to explore Pluto and the Kuiper belt.", "i": "https://codexery.com/space-missions/img/space-missions/new-horizons.webp", "c": "via Wikipedia: New Horizons · see source"}, "https://codexery.com/trans-neptunian-objects/e/trans-neptunian-objects/chad-trujillo/": {"t": "Chad Trujillo", "s": "Co-discoverer of Eris, the most massive known dwarf planet.", "i": "https://codexery.com/trans-neptunian-objects/img/trans-neptunian-objects/chad-trujillo.webp", "c": "Orion415 · CC BY-SA 4.0"}, "https://codexery.com/trans-neptunian-objects/e/trans-neptunian-objects/david-l-rabinowitz/": {"t": "David L. Rabinowitz", "s": "Astronomer who discovered possible dwarf planets and reduced asteroid estimates.", "i": "https://codexery.com/trans-neptunian-objects/img/trans-neptunian-objects/david-l-rabinowitz.webp", "c": "israel zeller ישראל זלר · CC BY 2.5"}, "https://codexery.com/discovery-and-invention-controversies/e/discovery-and-invention-controversies/controversy-over-the-discovery-of-haumea/": {"t": "Controversy over the discovery of Haumea", "s": "A dwarf planet whose discovery was first of the IAU-recognized dwarf planets to be discovered since Pluto in 1930."}, "https://codexery.com/optical-telescopes/e/optical-telescopes/samuel-oschin-telescope/": {"t": "Samuel Oschin telescope", "s": "A 48-inch Schmidt camera at Palomar Observatory."}, "https://codexery.com/orbits-and-celestial-mechanics/e/orbits-and-celestial-mechanics/escape-velocity/": {"t": "Escape velocity", "s": "Minimum speed to escape a body's gravitational pull.", "i": "https://codexery.com/orbits-and-celestial-mechanics/img/orbits-and-celestial-mechanics/escape-velocity.webp", "c": "Richard West · CC BY-SA 2.0"}, "https://codexery.com/black-holes/e/black-holes/black-hole/": {"t": "Black hole", "s": "An astronomical body from which nothing, not even light, can escape.", "i": "https://codexery.com/black-holes/img/black-holes/black-hole.webp", "c": "Event Horizon Telescope, uploader cropped and converted TIF to JPG · via Wikipedia: Black hole · CC BY 4.0"}, "https://codexery.com/black-holes/e/black-holes/black-hole-information-paradox/": {"t": "Black hole information paradox", "s": "A paradox questioning information loss in black hole evaporation."}, "https://codexery.com/black-holes/e/black-holes/firewall-physics/": {"t": "Firewall (physics)", "s": "Hypothetical high-energy barrier at a black hole's event horizon."}, "https://codexery.com/european-scientific-pioneers/e/european-scientific-pioneers/stephen-hawking/": {"t": "Stephen Hawking", "s": "English theoretical astrophysicist who predicted Hawking radiation.", "i": "https://codexery.com/european-scientific-pioneers/img/european-scientific-pioneers/stephen-hawking.webp", "c": "via Wikipedia: Stephen Hawking · see source"}, "https://codexery.com/black-holes/e/black-holes/gravitational-wave/": {"t": "Gravitational wave", "s": "Ripples in spacetime carrying energy at light speed."}, "https://codexery.com/cosmology-concepts/e/cosmology-concepts/particle-horizon/": {"t": "Particle horizon", "s": "Boundary between observable and unobservable regions of the universe."}, "/e/astronomy/cosmological-constant/": {"t": "Cosmological constant", "s": "A coefficient in Einstein's equations explaining cosmic acceleration."}, "https://codexery.com/relativity-and-gravitation/e/relativity-and-gravitation/inertial-frame-of-reference/": {"t": "Inertial frame of reference", "s": "Frame where objects obey inertia and laws are simplest."}, "https://codexery.com/philosophical-traditions/e/philosophical-traditions/causality/": {"t": "Causality", "s": "Causality is the influence by which a cause produces an effect."}, "https://codexery.com/astronomy-space/e/astronomy-and-space/main-sequence/": {"t": "Main sequence", "s": "Stars spend most of their lives on the main sequence."}, "https://codexery.com/exoplanets/e/exoplanets/the-transit-method/": {"t": "The transit method", "s": "Detects exoplanets by measuring starlight dimming during transit."}, "https://codexery.com/exoplanets/e/exoplanets/the-habitable-zone/": {"t": "The habitable zone", "s": "The range of orbits around a star where liquid water could exist on a planetary surface."}, "https://codexery.com/british-science-fiction-television-shows/e/british-science-fiction-television-shows/red-dwarf/": {"t": "Red Dwarf", "s": "A British sci-fi comedy about the last human in space."}, "https://codexery.com/stars-of-virgo/e/stars-of-virgo/psr-b1257-12-a/": {"t": "PSR B1257+12 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often used to reveal correlations.", "i": "https://codexery.com/graphs-and-data-visualization/img/graphs-and-data-visualization/scatter-plot.webp", "c": "RCraig09 · CC BY-SA 4.0"}, "https://codexery.com/planets-stellar-astronomy/e/planets-and-stellar-astronomy/stellar-classification/": {"t": "Stellar classification", "s": "System for classifying stars by spectral and luminosity characteristics."}, "https://codexery.com/astronomers-and-astrophysicists/e/astronomers-and-astrophysicists/henry-norris-russell/": {"t": "Henry Norris Russell", "s": "American astronomer who co-created the Hertzsprung–Russell diagram.", "i": "https://codexery.com/astronomers-and-astrophysicists/img/astronomers-and-astrophysicists/henry-norris-russell.webp", "c": "via Wikipedia: Henry Norris Russell · see source"}, "https://codexery.com/planets-stellar-astronomy/e/planets-and-stellar-astronomy/stellar-evolution/": {"t": "Stellar evolution", "s": "Stars evolve from gas clouds to white dwarfs, neutron stars, or black holes."}, "https://codexery.com/astronomical-concepts-and-techniques/e/astronomical-concepts-and-techniques/stellar-parallax/": {"t": "Stellar parallax", "s": "Trigonometric method for measuring distances to nearby stars."}, "/e/astronomy/hyades-star-cluster/": {"t": "Hyades (star cluster)", "s": "Nearest open cluster, key rung on the cosmic distance ladder."}, "https://codexery.com/star-clusters/e/star-clusters/open-cluster/": {"t": "Open cluster", "s": "Open clusters are loose groups of young stars formed from the same cloud."}, "https://codexery.com/messier-objects/e/messier-objects/pleiades/": {"t": "Pleiades", "s": "An open star cluster nearest to Earth and visible to the naked eye."}, "https://codexery.com/planets-stellar-astronomy/e/planets-and-stellar-astronomy/stellar-structure/": {"t": "Stellar structure", "s": "Models describing internal star structure and energy transport."}, "https://codexery.com/astronomers-and-astrophysicists/e/astronomers-and-astrophysicists/georges-lema-tre/": {"t": "Georges Lemaître", "s": "Belgian priest and physicist who first proposed the Big Bang theory.", "i": "https://codexery.com/astronomers-and-astrophysicists/img/astronomers-and-astrophysicists/georges-lema-tre.webp", "c": "via Wikipedia: Georges Lemaître · see source"}, "https://codexery.com/astronomers-and-astrophysicists/e/astronomers-and-astrophysicists/henrietta-swan-leavitt/": {"t": "Henrietta Swan Leavitt", "s": "Discovered the period-luminosity relation for Cepheid variable stars.", "i": "https://codexery.com/astronomers-and-astrophysicists/img/astronomers-and-astrophysicists/henrietta-swan-leavitt.webp", "c": "Unknown authorUnknown author · via Wikipedia: Henrietta Swan Leavitt · Public domain"}, "https://codexery.com/cosmology-concepts/e/cosmology-concepts/comoving-and-proper-distances/": {"t": "Comoving and proper distances", "s": "Two distance measures used in standard cosmology."}, "https://codexery.com/units-measurement/e/units-and-measurement/year/": {"t": "Year", "s": "A unit of time based on Earth's orbit around the Sun."}, "https://codexery.com/cosmology-concepts/e/cosmology-concepts/scale-factor-cosmology/": {"t": "Scale factor (cosmology)", "s": "Dimensionless parameter describing the expansion of the universe."}, "https://codexery.com/classical-mechanics/e/classical-mechanics/pressure/": {"t": "Pressure", "s": "Pressure is force per unit area, a scalar quantity."}, "/e/astronomy/giant-star/": {"t": "Giant star", "s": "Giant stars are luminous, expanded post-main-sequence stars."}, "https://codexery.com/binary-and-multiple-stars/e/binary-and-multiple-stars/aldebaran/": {"t": "Aldebaran", "s": "Brightest star in Taurus, a red giant with a faint binary companion."}, "https://codexery.com/planets-stellar-astronomy/e/planets-and-stellar-astronomy/stellar-kinematics/": {"t": "Stellar kinematics", "s": "Observational study of star motions through space."}, "https://codexery.com/open-clusters/e/open-clusters/gamma-tauri/": {"t": "Gamma Tauri", "s": "A giant star in the Hyades cluster, possibly a dubious double."}, "https://codexery.com/open-clusters/e/open-clusters/delta1-tauri/": {"t": "Delta1 Tauri", "s": "A double star in Taurus and member of the Hyades cluster."}, "https://codexery.com/open-clusters/e/open-clusters/epsilon-tauri/": {"t": "Epsilon Tauri", "s": "Orange giant in Hyades cluster with a confirmed exoplanet."}, "https://codexery.com/open-clusters/e/open-clusters/theta-tauri/": {"t": "Theta Tauri", "s": "A wide double star in the Hyades cluster, both components are spectroscopic binaries."}, "https://codexery.com/globular-clusters/e/globular-clusters/globular-cluster/": {"t": "Globular cluster", "s": "Spheroidal star clusters bound by gravity, found in galactic halos."}, "https://codexery.com/space-missions/e/space-missions/the-hubble-space-telescope/": {"t": "The Hubble Space Telescope", "s": "A versatile space telescope observing ultraviolet, visible, and near-infrared light."}, "https://codexery.com/messier-objects-open-clusters/e/messier-objects-open-clusters/beehive-cluster/": {"t": "Beehive Cluster", "s": "An ancient open cluster in Cancer with over 1,000 stars."}, "https://codexery.com/astronomical-myths/e/astronomical-myths/hyades-mythology/": {"t": "Hyades (mythology)", "s": "Rain-bringing nymphs transformed into a star cluster."}, "https://codexery.com/historical-figures/e/notable/homer/": {"t": "Homer", "s": "Ancient Greek poet traditionally credited with the Iliad and the Odyssey"}, "https://codexery.com/classic-poetry-and-epics/e/classic-poetry-and-epics/the-iliad/": {"t": "The Iliad", "s": "Ancient Greek epic poem attributed to Homer, central to classical philology."}, "https://codexery.com/discoverers-of-astronomical-objects/e/discoverers-of-astronomical-objects/giovanni-battista-hodierna/": {"t": "Giovanni Battista Hodierna", "s": "Italian astronomer who catalogued nebulous objects and double stars."}, "/e/astronomy/galaxy-morphological-classification/": {"t": "Galaxy morphological classification", "s": "A system for classifying galaxies by visual appearance and structure."}, "https://codexery.com/galaxy-clusters-and-groups/e/galaxy-clusters-and-groups/virgo-supercluster/": {"t": "Virgo Supercluster", "s": "A typical poor supercluster containing the Local Group."}, "https://codexery.com/galaxy-clusters-and-groups/e/galaxy-clusters-and-groups/galaxy-cluster/": {"t": "Galaxy cluster", "s": "Largest gravitationally bound structures, composed of galaxies, gas, and dark matter."}, "https://codexery.com/galaxies-and-their-properties/e/galaxies-and-their-properties/type-cd-galaxy/": {"t": "Type-cD galaxy", "s": "Supergiant elliptical galaxies at the centres of rich clusters."}, "https://codexery.com/black-holes/e/black-holes/supermassive-black-hole/": {"t": "Supermassive black hole", "s": "Supermassive black holes anchor the centers of most large galaxies.", "i": "https://codexery.com/black-holes/img/black-holes/supermassive-black-hole.webp", "c": "Event Horizon Telescope · via Wikipedia: Supermassive black hole · CC BY 4.0"}, "https://codexery.com/astronomical-concepts-and-techniques/e/astronomical-concepts-and-techniques/velocity-dispersion/": {"t": "Velocity dispersion", "s": "Statistical spread of velocities in astronomical groups."}}