European Space Information System

Background

The ESIS project was initiated in 1988 to provide homogeneous access to heterogeneous databases across academic networks such as DECNET, EARN, and Bitnet. It linked European Space Agency databases with external centres including the Centre de Données astronomiques de Strasbourg (and its SIMBAD service), the European Southern Observatory, the Canadian Astronomical Data Centre, and the Rutherford Appleton Laboratory for Space Physics data. The project pre-dated the World Wide Web, which later pushed technology in 1993 for similar access.

The outcome of ESIS yielded applications to browse catalogues, access images, spectra, lightcurves, and bibliographic information. Key astronomical missions influencing ESIS were EXOSAT and IUE, while Space Physics focused on the Cluster mission. Many original concepts—such as catalogue browsing and searching in an area of the sky—were later embedded in other astronomical data services worldwide.

The greatest success of ESIS was the transfer of its Catalogue Browser to the CDS, which later became better known as the VizieR Catalogue Service. In recent years, the ESIS concept is reflected in the ESA Sky tool, encompassing over 75 space missions and multiple data archives, and in TOPCAT, a specialised astronomical tool providing uniform access to data from archives worldwide.