{"/e/astrobiology-space-missions/expose/": {"t": "EXPOSE", "s": "ESA facility on ISS for astrobiology exposure experiments."}, "https://codexery.com/space-missions/e/space-missions/the-international-space-station/": {"t": "The International Space Station", "s": "The International Space Station (ISS) is a modular spacecraft in low Earth orbit, assembled and operated by five partner agencies: NASA, Roscosmos, ESA, JAXA, a"}, "https://codexery.com/science-measurement/e/science-and-measurement/microscope/": {"t": "Microscope", "s": "Instrument for viewing objects invisible to the naked eye.", "i": "https://codexery.com/science-measurement/img/science-and-measurement/microscope.webp", "c": "Chad Anderson, staff photographer for SFO Museum · CC BY-SA 2.0"}, "https://codexery.com/chemical-substances-and-materials/e/chemical-substances-and-materials/ozone/": {"t": "Ozone", "s": "A pale-blue gas that protects and pollutes the atmosphere.", "i": 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{"t": "German Aerospace Center", "s": "Germany's national research centre for aeronautics, space, energy and transport."}, "https://codexery.com/microbiology-and-cell-biology/e/microbiology-and-cell-biology/microorganism/": {"t": "Microorganism", "s": "Microscopic organisms that shape life, health, and history."}, "https://codexery.com/astronomy/e/astronomy/cosmic-ray/": {"t": "Cosmic ray", "s": "High-energy particles from space, discovered via balloon flights in 1912.", "i": "https://codexery.com/astronomy/img/astronomy/cosmic-ray.webp", "c": "Vahram Mekhitarian · CC BY-SA 4.0"}, "https://codexery.com/soyuz-programme/e/soyuz-programme/foton-satellite/": {"t": "Foton (satellite)", "s": "Russian uncrewed science satellite based on Vostok capsule design."}, "https://codexery.com/electromagnetism-and-radiation/e/electromagnetism-and-radiation/ultraviolet/": {"t": "Ultraviolet", "s": "Electromagnetic radiation beyond violet, with both harmful and beneficial effects."}, "https://codexery.com/radio-manufacturers/e/radio-manufacturers/general-electric/": {"t": "General Electric", "s": "American conglomerate formed from Edison and Thomson-Houston merger in 1892."}, "/e/astrobiology-space-missions/bion-satellite/": {"t": "Bion (satellite)", "s": "Soviet and Russian biosatellite series for space medicine research."}, "/e/astrobiology-space-missions/biopan/": {"t": "BIOPAN", "s": "ESA program exposing biological samples to space conditions."}, "https://codexery.com/electrochemistry-and-surface-chemistry/e/electrochemistry-and-surface-chemistry/electrolyte/": {"t": "Electrolyte", "s": "Substance conducting electricity through ion movement, vital in biology and technology.", "i": "https://codexery.com/electrochemistry-and-surface-chemistry/img/electrochemistry-and-surface-chemistry/electrolyte.webp", "c": "Ajay Kumar Chaurasiya · CC BY-SA 4.0"}, "https://codexery.com/genetics/e/genetics/dna-repair/": {"t": "DNA repair", "s": "Processes by which cells identify and correct DNA damage.", "i": "https://codexery.com/genetics/img/genetics/dna-repair.webp", "c": "Eunice Laurent · CC BY-SA 4.0"}, "https://codexery.com/successful-space-missions/e/successful-space-missions/artemis-i/": {"t": "Artemis I", "s": "Uncrewed Moon-orbiting mission testing Orion and SLS.", "i": "https://codexery.com/successful-space-missions/img/successful-space-missions/artemis-i.webp", "c": "Joel Kowsky · Public domain"}, "https://codexery.com/artemis-program/e/artemis-program/space-launch-system/": {"t": "Space Launch System", "s": "NASA's super heavy-lift rocket for the Artemis program."}, "https://codexery.com/successful-space-missions/e/successful-space-missions/apollo-17/": {"t": "Apollo 17", "s": "Final Apollo Moon landing, with the only geologist to walk on the Moon.", "i": "https://codexery.com/successful-space-missions/img/successful-space-missions/apollo-17.webp", "c": "NASA on The Commons · Public domain"}, "https://codexery.com/geology/e/geology/earth-s-magnetic-field/": {"t": "Earth's magnetic field", "s": "Earth's magnetic field, generated by a geodynamo in the outer core, protects the planet from solar wind and cosmic rays."}, "https://codexery.com/ancient-greek-astronomy/e/ancient-greek-astronomy/heliocentrism/": {"t": "Heliocentrism", "s": "Superseded model placing Sun at universe's center."}, "https://codexery.com/chemistry-fundamentals/e/chemistry-fundamentals/absorption-spectroscopy/": {"t": "Absorption spectroscopy", "s": "Technique measuring radiation absorption to identify and quantify substances.", "i": "https://codexery.com/chemistry-fundamentals/img/chemistry-fundamentals/absorption-spectroscopy.webp", "c": "MarsInSVG · CC BY 4.0"}, "https://codexery.com/units-measurement/e/units-and-measurement/newton-unit/": {"t": "Newton (unit)", "s": "SI unit of force, named after Isaac Newton."}, "https://codexery.com/radio-propagation/e/radio-propagation/x-band/": {"t": "X band", "s": "A microwave band used for radar, space communications, and terrestrial broadband."}, "https://codexery.com/planets-and-dwarf-planets/e/planets-and-dwarf-planets/saturn/": {"t": "Saturn", "s": "Saturn is a gas giant with rings and the lowest density in the Solar System."}, "https://codexery.com/moons-of-saturn/e/moons-of-saturn/enceladus/": {"t": "Enceladus", "s": "A small, icy moon with active geysers and a subsurface ocean.", "i": "https://codexery.com/moons-of-saturn/img/moons-of-saturn/enceladus.webp", "c": "Justin Cowart · Public domain"}, "https://codexery.com/1970s-american-television-news-shows/e/1970s-american-television-news-shows/nbc-news/": {"t": "NBC News", "s": "Pioneering American television news since 1940."}, "https://codexery.com/planets-stellar-astronomy/e/planets-and-stellar-astronomy/solar-system/": {"t": "Solar System", "s": "The Sun and all objects gravitationally bound to it.", "i": "https://codexery.com/planets-stellar-astronomy/img/planets-and-stellar-astronomy/solar-system.webp", "c": "via Wikipedia: Solar System · see source"}, "https://codexery.com/explorers/e/great-explorers/ferdinand-magellan/": {"t": "Ferdinand Magellan", "s": "Portuguese explorer who planned and led the first circumnavigation of Earth.", "i": "https://codexery.com/explorers/img/great-explorers/ferdinand-magellan.webp", "c": "via Wikipedia: Ferdinand Magellan · see source"}, "https://codexery.com/explorers-of-the-americas/e/explorers-of-the-americas/richard-e-byrd/": {"t": "Richard E. Byrd", "s": "American naval officer and polar explorer who claimed first flights to both poles."}, "https://codexery.com/moons-with-a-prograde-orbit/e/moons-with-a-prograde-orbit/europa-moon/": {"t": "Europa (moon)", "s": "Jupiter's icy moon with a subsurface ocean."}, "/e/astrobiology-space-missions/mars-science-laboratory/": {"t": "Mars Science Laboratory", "s": "NASA robotic mission that landed the Curiosity rover on Mars."}, "https://codexery.com/space-missions/e/space-missions/the-mars-rovers/": {"t": "The Mars rovers", "s": "Mars rovers are motorized vehicles operated remotely to explore the Martian surface."}, "https://codexery.com/planets-and-dwarf-planets/e/planets-and-dwarf-planets/mars/": {"t": "Mars", "s": "The fourth planet from the Sun, a desert world with polar ice caps."}, "https://codexery.com/mars/e/mars/life-on-mars/": {"t": "Life on Mars", "s": "Mars may have hosted habitable conditions for microorganisms in the ancient past."}, "https://codexery.com/human-missions-to-mars/e/human-missions-to-mars/human-mission-to-mars/": {"t": "Human mission to Mars", "s": "Proposals to send astronauts to Mars have existed since the 1950s."}, "https://codexery.com/meteorology/e/meteorology/day/": {"t": "Day", "s": "The time period of a full rotation of the Earth with respect to the Sun."}, "https://codexery.com/mars-2020/e/mars-2020/perseverance-rover/": {"t": "Perseverance (rover)", "s": "NASA rover searching for signs of ancient life on Mars."}, "https://codexery.com/exploration-of-mars/e/exploration-of-mars/mars-exploration-program/": {"t": "Mars Exploration Program", "s": "NASA's long-term effort to explore Mars, seeking signs of life and preparing for human exploration."}, "https://codexery.com/mars/e/mars/geology-of-mars/": {"t": "Geology of Mars", "s": "Study of Mars' surface, crust, interior, and geologic history."}, "https://codexery.com/chemistry-materials/e/chemistry-and-materials/organic-compound/": {"t": "Organic compound", "s": "Carbon-based compounds central to life and chemistry."}, "https://codexery.com/derelict-landers/e/derelict-landers/mars-pathfinder/": {"t": "Mars Pathfinder", "s": "First rover to operate outside the Earth–Moon system"}, "https://codexery.com/derelict-landers/e/derelict-landers/spirit-rover/": {"t": "Spirit (rover)", "s": "Mars rover that operated over twenty times longer than planned."}, "https://codexery.com/derelict-landers/e/derelict-landers/opportunity-rover/": {"t": "Opportunity (rover)", "s": "A robotic rover that explored Mars from 2004 to 2018, far exceeding its planned lifespan."}, "https://codexery.com/authors-poets/e/authors-and-poets/ray-bradbury/": {"t": "Ray Bradbury", "s": "American author who wrote the story he considered the essence of his work.", "i": "https://codexery.com/authors-poets/img/authors-and-poets/ray-bradbury.webp", "c": "John Mathew Smith & www.celebrity-photos.com · via Wikipedia: Ray Bradbury · CC BY-SA 4.0"}, "https://codexery.com/geology-earth-surface/e/geology-and-earth-surface/sediment/": {"t": "Sediment", "s": "Loose particles transported and deposited by natural processes."}, "https://codexery.com/geology/e/geology/erosion/": {"t": "Erosion", "s": "Natural removal and transport of Earth's surface materials by agents like water and wind."}, "https://codexery.com/moons-of-saturn/e/moons-of-saturn/titan-moon/": {"t": "Titan (moon)", "s": "Saturn's largest moon, with a thick atmosphere and liquid lakes."}, "https://codexery.com/biochemistry-and-cell-biology/e/biochemistry-and-cell-biology/abiogenesis/": {"t": "Abiogenesis", "s": "Natural process by which life arises from non-living matter."}, "https://codexery.com/mars-2020/e/mars-2020/ingenuity-helicopter/": {"t": "Ingenuity (helicopter)", "s": "First aircraft to fly on another world."}, "/e/astrobiology-space-missions/mars-2020/": {"t": "Mars 2020", "s": "NASA mission to Mars seeking signs of past life."}, "https://codexery.com/universities/e/universities/johns-hopkins-university/": {"t": "Johns Hopkins University", "s": "First U.S. research university, founded by a Quaker philanthropist.", "i": "https://codexery.com/universities/img/universities/johns-hopkins-university.webp", "c": "Daderot · Public domain"}, "https://codexery.com/sample-return-missions/e/sample-return-missions/caesar-spacecraft/": {"t": "CAESAR (spacecraft)", "s": "A sample-return mission concept to comet 67P/Churyumov–Gerasimenko, proposed for NASA's New Frontiers program."}, "https://codexery.com/named-comets/e/named-comets/67p-churyumov-gerasimenko/": {"t": "67P/Churyumov–Gerasimenko", "s": "First comet orbited and landed upon by spacecraft."}, "https://codexery.com/u-s-states/e/u-s-states/new-mexico/": {"t": "New Mexico", "s": "Land of diverse cultures, history, and high desert."}, "https://codexery.com/pandemics/e/pandemics/covid-19-pandemic/": {"t": "COVID-19 pandemic", "s": "Global pandemic caused by SARS-CoV-2, beginning in late 2019."}, "https://codexery.com/planets-and-dwarf-planets/e/planets-and-dwarf-planets/earth/": {"t": "Earth", "s": "The only known planet with liquid surface water and life."}, "https://codexery.com/biochemistry-and-cell-biology/e/biochemistry-and-cell-biology/amino-acid/": {"t": "Amino acid", "s": "The building blocks of proteins, with 20 standard α-amino acids directly encoded by the genetic code and two rare ones incorporated via recoding."}, "https://codexery.com/cell-and-molecular-biology/e/cell-and-molecular-biology/protein/": {"t": "Protein", "s": "Essential biomolecules that catalyze, structure, and regulate life."}, "https://codexery.com/chemistry-materials/e/chemistry-and-materials/nitrogen/": {"t": "Nitrogen", "s": "Nitrogen is a colourless, odourless diatomic gas forming 78% of Earth's air."}, "https://codexery.com/chemistry-materials/e/chemistry-and-materials/methane/": {"t": "Methane", "s": "Simplest alkane, main component of natural gas, potent greenhouse gas."}, "https://codexery.com/chemistry-fundamentals/e/chemistry-fundamentals/ammonia/": {"t": "Ammonia", "s": "A colourless gas with a pungent smell, vital for fertilizers."}, "https://codexery.com/antenna-types/e/antenna-types/directional-antenna/": {"t": "Directional antenna", "s": "A directional antenna focuses radio waves in a specific direction."}, "https://codexery.com/plant-biology/e/plant-biology/photosynthesis/": {"t": "Photosynthesis", "s": "The process by which plants and other organisms convert light into chemical energy."}, "https://codexery.com/polymers-and-macromolecules/e/polymers-and-macromolecules/polycarbonate/": {"t": "Polycarbonate", "s": "A versatile thermoplastic with high impact resistance and optical clarity."}, "https://codexery.com/animal-behavior/e/animal-behavior/symbiosis/": {"t": "Symbiosis", "s": "Close, long-term interactions between different species."}, "https://codexery.com/satellite-navigation-and-gps/e/satellite-navigation-and-gps/global-positioning-system/": {"t": "Global Positioning System", "s": "A satellite navigation system providing global positioning and timing."}, "https://codexery.com/battery-types/e/battery-types/lithium-ion-battery/": {"t": "Lithium-ion battery", "s": "Rechargeable battery using lithium-ion intercalation for energy storage.", "i": "https://codexery.com/battery-types/img/battery-types/lithium-ion-battery.webp", "c": "RCraig09 · CC BY-SA 4.0"}, "https://codexery.com/crewed-spacecraft-and-space-stations/e/crewed-spacecraft-and-space-stations/space-shuttle-endeavour/": {"t": "Space Shuttle Endeavour", "s": "Fifth and final operational Space Shuttle orbiter built by NASA."}, "https://codexery.com/microbiology/e/microbiology/spore/": {"t": "Spore", "s": "A reproductive unit adapted for dispersal and survival.", "i": "https://codexery.com/microbiology/img/microbiology/spore.webp", "c": "Ivar Leidus · CC BY-SA 4.0"}, "https://codexery.com/pathogenic-bacteria/e/pathogenic-bacteria/escherichia-coli/": {"t": "Escherichia coli", "s": "A model bacterium central to microbiology and biotechnology."}, "https://codexery.com/sample-return-missions/e/sample-return-missions/mars-sample-return-mission/": {"t": "Mars sample-return mission", "s": "Bringing Mars to Earth: the ultimate sample return challenge.", "i": "https://codexery.com/sample-return-missions/img/sample-return-missions/mars-sample-return-mission.webp", "c": "NASA/JPL · via Wikipedia: Mars sample-return mission · Public domain"}, "https://codexery.com/space-probes-of-esa-japan-china-india/e/space-probes-of-esa-japan-china-india-and-the-ussr/kazachok/": {"t": "Kazachok", "s": "Roscosmos-led Mars lander for ExoMars 2022."}, "https://codexery.com/exploration-of-mars/e/exploration-of-mars/mars-exploration-joint-initiative/": {"t": "Mars Exploration Joint Initiative", "s": "A joint NASA-ESA initiative to explore Mars through collaborative missions."}, "https://codexery.com/human-spaceflight-programs/e/human-spaceflight-programs/aurora-programme/": {"t": "Aurora programme", "s": "Europe's former long-term plan for Solar System exploration with robotic and human spaceflight."}, "https://codexery.com/soyuz-programme/e/soyuz-programme/soyuz-rocket-family/": {"t": "Soyuz (rocket family)", "s": "Soyuz is the most-launched rocket family in spaceflight history."}, "https://codexery.com/spacecraft-that-broke-apart-in-space/e/spacecraft-that-broke-apart-in-space/fregat/": {"t": "Fregat", "s": "Upper stage for Soyuz and Zenit, operational since 2000."}, "/e/astrobiology-space-missions/fobos-grunt/": {"t": "Fobos-Grunt", "s": "Failed Russian sample return mission to Phobos, Mars's moon."}, "https://codexery.com/exoplanets/e/exoplanets/the-james-webb-space-telescope/": {"t": "The James Webb Space Telescope", "s": "The largest space telescope, observing the infrared universe from beyond Earth's orbit."}, "https://codexery.com/space-launch-vehicles-of-the-soviet/e/space-launch-vehicles-of-the-soviet-union/proton-rocket-family/": {"t": "Proton (rocket family)", "s": "Soviet/Russian hypergolic heavy-lift launch vehicle family."}, "https://codexery.com/space-program-of-france/e/space-program-of-france/thales-alenia-space/": {"t": "Thales Alenia Space", "s": "European joint venture for satellites and space infrastructure."}, "https://codexery.com/space-debris/e/space-debris/planetary-protection/": {"t": "Planetary protection", "s": "Preventing biological contamination of celestial bodies and Earth."}, "/e/astrobiology-space-missions/curiosity-rover/": {"t": "Curiosity (rover)", "s": "Mars rover exploring Gale crater and Mount Sharp since 2012."}, "/e/astrobiology-space-missions/exomars/": {"t": "ExoMars", "s": "European astrobiology programme searching for past life on Mars."}, "https://codexery.com/cell-and-molecular-biology/e/cell-and-molecular-biology/organic-matter/": {"t": "Organic matter", "s": "Carbon-based compounds from organisms, vital for nutrient cycling and soil health."}, "https://codexery.com/extraterrestrial-orbiters/e/extraterrestrial-orbiters/rosetta-spacecraft/": {"t": "Rosetta (spacecraft)", "s": "First spacecraft to orbit and land on a comet."}, "https://codexery.com/extraterrestrial-orbiters/e/extraterrestrial-orbiters/cassini-huygens/": {"t": "Cassini–Huygens", "s": "Joint mission to study Saturn and its moons.", "i": "https://codexery.com/extraterrestrial-orbiters/img/extraterrestrial-orbiters/cassini-huygens.webp", "c": "Photograph by Mike Peel ( www.mikepeel.net ). · CC BY-SA 4.0"}, "https://codexery.com/ecology-and-behavior/e/ecology-and-behavior/biosphere/": {"t": "Biosphere", "s": "The global sum of all ecosystems and zone of life on Earth.", "i": "https://codexery.com/ecology-and-behavior/img/ecology-and-behavior/biosphere.webp", "c": "Christopher Michel · CC BY-SA 4.0"}, "https://codexery.com/crewed-spacecraft-and-space-stations/e/crewed-spacecraft-and-space-stations/space-shuttle-discovery/": {"t": "Space Shuttle Discovery", "s": "The most-flown Space Shuttle orbiter, now displayed at the Smithsonian."}, "https://codexery.com/crewed-spacecraft-and-space-stations/e/crewed-spacecraft-and-space-stations/soyuz-spacecraft/": {"t": "Soyuz (spacecraft)", "s": "A long-serving crewed spacecraft for orbital and station missions."}, "https://codexery.com/cities/e/landmark-cities/moscow/": {"t": "Moscow", "s": "Capital of Russia, largest city in Europe, and a historic center of power and culture."}, "https://codexery.com/microbiology/e/microbiology/endospore/": {"t": "Endospore", "s": "A dormant, resilient bacterial survival form triggered by starvation.", "i": "https://codexery.com/microbiology/img/microbiology/endospore.webp", "c": "WMrapids · CC0"}, "https://codexery.com/materials/e/materials/fused-quartz/": {"t": "Fused quartz", "s": "A high-purity glass used in optics, semiconductors, and high-temperature applications."}, "https://codexery.com/plant-families-taxonomy/e/plant-families-and-taxonomy/green-algae/": {"t": "Green algae", "s": "Green algae are the photosynthetic ancestors of all land plants."}, "https://codexery.com/fungi-and-fungus-like-organisms/e/fungi-and-fungus-like-organisms/fungus/": {"t": "Fungus", "s": "Eukaryotic organisms including yeasts, molds, and mushrooms."}, "https://codexery.com/biology-concepts/e/biology-concepts/metabolism/": {"t": "Metabolism", "s": "Metabolism encompasses all chemical reactions sustaining life."}, "https://codexery.com/exoplanets/e/exoplanets/the-habitable-zone/": {"t": "The habitable zone", "s": "The range of orbits around a star where liquid water could exist on a planetary surface."}, "https://codexery.com/atmosphere/e/atmosphere/atmosphere/": {"t": "Atmosphere", "s": "A layer of gases enveloping an astronomical object, retained by gravity."}, "https://codexery.com/reaction-mechanisms-and-kinetics/e/reaction-mechanisms-and-kinetics/redox/": {"t": "Redox", "s": "Chemical reactions where oxidation states change via electron or atom transfer."}, "https://codexery.com/genetics-fundamentals/e/genetics-fundamentals/genome/": {"t": "Genome", "s": "The complete set of genetic material in an organism."}, "https://codexery.com/cell-and-molecular-biology/e/cell-and-molecular-biology/rna/": {"t": "RNA", "s": "RNA is a nucleic acid essential for genetic information and catalysis."}, "https://codexery.com/space-probes-of-esa-japan-china-india/e/space-probes-of-esa-japan-china-india-and-the-ussr/vega-2/": {"t": "Vega 2", "s": "Soviet probe that studied Venus and Halley's Comet."}, "https://codexery.com/sample-return-missions/e/sample-return-missions/luna-24/": {"t": "Luna 24", "s": "Last Soviet lunar sample return mission until China's Chang'e 5 in 2020"}, "https://codexery.com/space-probes-of-esa-japan-china-india/e/space-probes-of-esa-japan-china-india-and-the-ussr/luna-programme/": {"t": "Luna programme", "s": "Soviet robotic lunar missions achieving many firsts in space exploration."}, "https://codexery.com/exploration-of-mars/e/exploration-of-mars/phobos-program/": {"t": "Phobos program", "s": "Soviet uncrewed mission to study Mars and its moon Phobos."}, "https://codexery.com/radio-propagation/e/radio-propagation/ionosphere/": {"t": "Ionosphere", "s": "Ionized upper atmosphere enabling long-distance radio propagation."}, "https://codexery.com/fifa-world-cup/e/honours/poland/": {"t": "Poland", "s": "A Central European nation with a rich history, from the Piast dynasty to the Solidarity movement."}, "https://codexery.com/inorganic-compounds-materials/e/inorganic-compounds-and-materials/hydrazine/": {"t": "Hydrazine", "s": "A versatile inorganic compound used in propellants, foams, and pharmaceuticals.", "i": "https://codexery.com/inorganic-compounds-materials/img/inorganic-compounds-and-materials/hydrazine.webp", "c": "Ben Mills · Public domain"}, "https://codexery.com/south-american-cities/e/south-american-cities/santa-fe-argentina/": {"t": "Santa Fe, Argentina", "s": "Capital of Santa Fe province, Argentina, at the junction of the Paraná and Salado rivers."}, "https://codexery.com/brazilian-states/e/brazilian-states/goi-s/": {"t": "Goiás", "s": "Beloved land, fruit of life"}, "https://codexery.com/sample-return-missions/e/sample-return-missions/mars-grunt/": {"t": "Mars-Grunt", "s": "A proposed Russian robotic mission to return Mars soil samples to Earth."}, "https://codexery.com/mars/e/mars/atmosphere-of-mars/": {"t": "Atmosphere of Mars", "s": "A thin, cold, carbon-dioxide-rich envelope with seasonal dust storms."}, "https://codexery.com/space-shuttle-missions/e/space-shuttle-missions/sts-41-c/": {"t": "STS-41-C", "s": "First direct ascent; repaired Solar Max satellite."}, "https://codexery.com/space-shuttle-missions/e/space-shuttle-missions/sts-32/": {"t": "STS-32", "s": "First shuttle mission of the 1990s, retrieved LDEF after 4½-year delay."}, "https://codexery.com/spiral-galaxies/e/spiral-galaxies/milky-way/": {"t": "Milky Way", "s": "The barred spiral galaxy containing the Solar System."}, "https://codexery.com/fifa-world-cup/e/honours/france/": {"t": "France", "s": "A global centre of art, science, cuisine and philosophy."}, "https://codexery.com/countries-and-territories/e/countries-and-territories/republic-of-ireland/": {"t": "Republic of Ireland", "s": "The Republic of Ireland is a sovereign state in Northwestern Europe, occupying 26 of the 32 counties of the island of Ireland."}, "https://codexery.com/disasters/e/historic-disasters/the-challenger-disaster/": {"t": "The Challenger disaster", "s": "A colliery spoil tip collapsed onto a Welsh village, killing 116 children and 28 adults."}, "https://codexery.com/mars-2020/e/mars-2020/jezero-crater/": {"t": "Jezero (crater)", "s": "Ancient lakebed crater on Mars, landing site of Perseverance rover."}, "https://codexery.com/mars-2020/e/mars-2020/octavia-e-butler-landing/": {"t": "Octavia E. Butler Landing", "s": "Mars 2020 Perseverance rover landing site in Jezero crater."}, "/e/astrobiology-space-missions/tianwen-1/": {"t": "Tianwen-1", "s": "China's first independent voyage to the Red Planet"}, "https://codexery.com/journalists-commentators/e/journalists-and-commentators/bill-nye/": {"t": "Bill Nye", "s": "Science educator and former engineer turned TV host.", "i": "https://codexery.com/journalists-commentators/img/journalists-and-commentators/bill-nye.webp", "c": "via Wikipedia: Bill Nye · see source"}, "https://codexery.com/mars-2020/e/mars-2020/multi-mission-radioisotope-thermoelectric-generator/": {"t": "Multi-mission radioisotope thermoelectric generator", "s": "Nuclear battery converting heat to electricity for space missions."}, "https://codexery.com/mars-2020/e/mars-2020/columbia-hills-mars/": {"t": "Columbia Hills (Mars)", "s": "Low hills in Gusev crater explored by Spirit rover."}, "https://codexery.com/exploration-of-mars/e/exploration-of-mars/exploration-of-mars/": {"t": "Exploration of Mars", "s": "Mars: The Red Planet, explored by robotic pioneers from Earth."}, "https://codexery.com/separation-and-purification-techniques/e/separation-and-purification-techniques/x-ray-spectroscopy/": {"t": "X-ray spectroscopy", "s": "Techniques for material analysis using X-ray radiation."}, "https://codexery.com/plants-crops/e/plants-and-crops/taraxacum/": {"t": "Taraxacum", "s": "Genus of dandelions, vital early nectar source for pollinators."}, "https://codexery.com/philosophical-concepts/e/philosophical-concepts/hypothesis/": {"t": "Hypothesis", "s": "A proposed explanation requiring testable and reproducible prediction."}, "https://codexery.com/meteoroids/e/meteoroids/meteoroid/": {"t": "Meteoroid", "s": "Small rocky or metallic bodies moving through interplanetary space."}, "https://codexery.com/chemical-reactors-and-processes/e/chemical-reactors-and-processes/freeze-drying/": {"t": "Freeze drying", "s": "Low-temperature dehydration preserving original qualities via sublimation."}, "https://codexery.com/science-measurement/e/science-and-measurement/polymerase-chain-reaction/": {"t": "Polymerase chain reaction", "s": "PCR amplifies specific DNA sequences rapidly for study."}, "https://codexery.com/genetics/e/genetics/dna-sequencing/": {"t": "DNA sequencing", "s": "Determining the order of nucleotides in DNA."}, "https://codexery.com/cosmology-concepts/e/cosmology-concepts/universe/": {"t": "Universe", "s": "The totality of all space, time, matter, and energy."}, "https://codexery.com/stars-and-stellar-objects/e/stars-and-stellar-objects/asteroid/": {"t": "Asteroid", "s": "Rocky, metallic, or icy minor planets orbiting the Sun, mostly in the main belt between Mars and Jupiter."}, "https://codexery.com/astronomy-space/e/astronomy-and-space/minor-planet/": {"t": "Minor planet", "s": "A Sun-orbiting body that is neither a planet nor a comet."}, "https://codexery.com/exploration-of-mars/e/exploration-of-mars/mars-landing/": {"t": "Mars landing", "s": "Correcting the record on Mars landings"}, "https://codexery.com/authors-poets/e/authors-and-poets/qu-yuan/": {"t": "Qu Yuan", "s": "Chinese poet and aristocrat of the Warring States period."}, "https://codexery.com/places-in-chinese-mythology/e/places-in-chinese-mythology/tian/": {"t": "Tian", "s": "Ancient Chinese concept of heaven and supreme cosmic power."}, "https://codexery.com/climate/e/climate/atmosphere-of-earth/": {"t": "Atmosphere of Earth", "s": "The gaseous envelope surrounding Earth, essential for life and climate."}, "https://codexery.com/space-program-of-china/e/space-program-of-china/china-aerospace-science-and-technology-corporation/": {"t": "China Aerospace Science and Technology Corporation", "s": "State-owned main contractor for China's space program."}, "https://codexery.com/cities/e/capitals/beijing/": {"t": "Beijing", "s": "The world's most populous national capital, blending millennia of history with cutting-edge innovation."}, "https://codexery.com/islands-and-archipelagos/e/islands-and-archipelagos/hainan/": {"t": "Hainan", "s": "China's southernmost island province, a tropical free-trade port."}, "https://codexery.com/space-program-of-china/e/space-program-of-china/chinese-deep-space-network/": {"t": "Chinese Deep Space Network", "s": "China's network of antennas for deep-space communication and tracking."}, "https://codexery.com/lines-hemispheres/e/lines-and-hemispheres/longitude/": {"t": "Longitude", "s": "The east-west coordinate that, with latitude, pinpoints any location on Earth.", "i": "https://codexery.com/lines-hemispheres/img/lines-and-hemispheres/longitude.webp", "c": "Original:  Pearson Scott Forman Vector:  Gregors · via Wikipedia: Longitude · CC BY-SA 3.0"}, "https://codexery.com/lines-hemispheres/e/lines-and-hemispheres/latitude/": {"t": "Latitude", "s": "Latitude specifies north-south position on Earth or celestial bodies.", "i": "https://codexery.com/lines-hemispheres/img/lines-and-hemispheres/latitude.webp", "c": "source: Pearson Scott Foresman, donated to the Wikimedia Foundation\nsvg conversion: Gregors\nColor: Jahobr · via Wikipedia: Latitude · Public domain"}, "https://codexery.com/electrical-systems/e/electrical-systems/light-emitting-diode/": {"t": "Light-emitting diode", "s": "Semiconductor device converting electricity into light via electroluminescence."}, "https://codexery.com/human-analog-missions/e/human-analog-missions/desert-research-and-technology-studies/": {"t": "Desert Research and Technology Studies", "s": "Annual NASA field trials for planetary surface exploration technologies."}, "https://codexery.com/planets-and-dwarf-planets/e/planets-and-dwarf-planets/venus/": {"t": "Venus", "s": "Earth's twin, hottest planet, shrouded in sulfuric acid clouds."}, "https://codexery.com/artemis-program/e/artemis-program/capstone/": {"t": "CAPSTONE", "s": "CubeSat that verified the Lunar Gateway's planned orbit."}, "https://codexery.com/derelict-landers/e/derelict-landers/deep-space-2/": {"t": "Deep Space 2", "s": "Two miniature probes attempted to penetrate Mars' surface but failed."}, "https://codexery.com/optics-and-color/e/optics-and-color/fluorescence/": {"t": "Fluorescence", "s": "Emission of light from a substance after absorbing radiation."}}