Asian Leaders Codexery

Elpidio Quirino

Sixth Philippine president; assumed office after Roxas's death.

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Elpidio Quirino was born on November 16, 1890, at the Vigan Provincial Jail in Vigan, Ilocos Sur.[1] He served as the sixth president of the Philippines, assuming office on April 17, 1948, after the death of Manuel Roxas.[2] Quirino won a full term in the November 1949 presidential election, which was widely criticized as corrupt.[3]

Life and work

As senator, he was briefly assigned as acting Senate Majority Leader from 1932 to 1933.[4] He assumed the presidency on April 17, 1948, taking his oath at the Council of State Room of the Malacañang Palace.[2] Quirino granted amnesty to all Japanese war criminals and Filipino collaborators, despite losing his own wife and three children to the Japanese.[5] Born on November 16, 1890, at the Vigan Provincial Jail in Vigan, Ilocos Sur, Elpidio Quirino y Rivera was the third child of Mariano Quirino y Quebral and Gregoria Rivera y Mendoza, and his baptism occurred on November 19, 1890.[1]

After saving up sufficient money, Quirino moved to Manila High School located in Intramuros, Manila.[6] In 1925, Quirino secured his first election as a senator representing the 1st senatorial district, and he won re-election in 1931.[7] As Secretary of Finance, Quirino proposed a gold-standard currency system and the creation of a central bank in a January 13, 1935 memorandum to Governor General Frank Murphy.[8]

What the cited sources add

These sources support that Quirino won a full term after Roxas's death and that his running mate Fernando López won as Vice President.[3] Widespread corruption, violence, and fraud marred the 1949 election, with Quirino's opponents reportedly beaten or killed by his supporters or police.[3]

References

  1. Wikipedia, "Elpidio Quirino" (CC BY-SA 4.0), which cites: "President Elpidio Quirino's 125th Birth Anniversary", BusinessMirror, November 10, 2015; Tan, "The Chinese Mestizos and the Formation of the Filipino Nationality", Archipel, 1986, p. 141–162; Catholic Church, "Registros parroquiales, 1713–1994", Family Search, November 19, 1890 (original not read by us) en.wikipedia.org
  2. Wikipedia, "Elpidio Quirino" (CC BY-SA 4.0), which cites: "Third Republic", Official Gazette of the Republic of the Philippines (original not read by us) en.wikipedia.org
  3. Wikipedia, "Elpidio Quirino" (CC BY-SA 4.0), which cites: Coronel, "Lana's Dirty Secrets", Philippine Center for Investigative Journalism, November 2, 2005; Hedman, "Philippine Politics and Society in the Twentieth Century: Colonial Legacies, Post-Colonial Trajectories", Routledge, 2005; "The Politics of Elections in Southeast Asia", Woodrow Wilson Center Press, 1996 (we also read that source) en.wikipedia.org
  4. Wikipedia, "Elpidio Quirino" (CC BY-SA 4.0), which cites: Gripaldo, "Quezon and Osmeña on the Hare-Hawes Cutting and Tydings-McDuffie Act", Quezon-Winslow Correspondence and Other Essays, 2017; "Vice President Elpidio Quirino", UP Diliman, 1948 (original not read by us) en.wikipedia.org
  5. Wikipedia, "Elpidio Quirino" (CC BY-SA 4.0), which cites: de Viana A, "Ending Hatred and the Start of Healing: President Elpidio Quirino's Pardoning of Japanese War Criminals in the Philippines and its Aftermath", International Academic Forum, 2016; de Viana A, "Ending Hatred and the Start of Healing: President Elpidio Quirino's Pardoning of Japanese War Criminals in the Philippines and its Aftermath", International Academic Forum, 2016; Bunye IR, "A remarkable act of forgiveness and reconciliation", Manila Bulletin, 23 July 2023 (original not read by us) en.wikipedia.org
  6. Wikipedia, "Elpidio Quirino" (CC BY-SA 4.0), which cites: "The Life And Times Of President Elpidio R. Quirino", EQ125 Guro to Pangulo (original not read by us) en.wikipedia.org
  7. Wikipedia, "Elpidio Quirino" (CC BY-SA 4.0), which cites: "List of Previous Senators - Senate of the Philippines", web.senate.gov.ph (original not read by us) en.wikipedia.org
  8. Wikipedia, "Elpidio Quirino" (CC BY-SA 4.0), which cites: Takagi, "Beyond the Colonial State: Central Bank Making as State Building in the 1930s", Southeast Asian Studies, 2014, p. 85__8211_1 (original not read by us) en.wikipedia.org

Each numbered sentence above was checked against the source it cites before publication. Sentences citing Wikipedia adapt text from the English Wikipedia article Elpidio Quirino (contributors), used under CC BY-SA 4.0; this entry is available under the same licence. Other sources were used for facts only; no text or images are copied from them.

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Sources

Compiled from Wikipedia and the sources listed below. Text from Wikipedia is available under CC BY-SA 4.0; this entry is adapted from it.

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