{"https://codexery.com/construction-and-engineering/e/construction-and-engineering/skyscraper/": {"t": "Skyscraper", "s": "Very tall habitable structures, first built in late 19th-century United States.", "i": "https://codexery.com/construction-and-engineering/img/construction-and-engineering/skyscraper.webp", "c": "Vyacheslav Argenberg · CC BY 4.0"}, "https://codexery.com/corporations-conglomerates/e/corporations-and-conglomerates/toshiba/": {"t": "Toshiba", "s": "Japanese electronics conglomerate known for flash memory and laptops.", "i": "https://codexery.com/corporations-conglomerates/img/corporations-and-conglomerates/toshiba.webp", "c": "photo: Qurren (talk) Taken with Samsung Galaxy J (NTT docomo SC-02F) · via Wikipedia: Toshiba · CC BY-SA 3.0"}, "https://codexery.com/architectural-styles-and-elements/e/architectural-styles-and-elements/postmodern-architecture/": {"t": "Postmodern architecture", "s": "A reaction against modernism's austerity, embracing complexity and historical reference.", "i": "https://codexery.com/architectural-styles-and-elements/img/architectural-styles-and-elements/postmodern-architecture.webp", "c": "LeRenartQuiPense · CC BY 4.0"}, "https://codexery.com/meteorology/e/meteorology/tropical-cyclone/": {"t": "Tropical cyclone", "s": "A rapidly rotating storm system with a low-pressure area, strong winds, and spiral thunderstorms.", "i": "https://codexery.com/meteorology/img/meteorology/tropical-cyclone.webp", "c": "Vyacheslav Argenberg · CC BY 4.0"}, "https://codexery.com/asian-presidents-and-prime-ministers/e/asian-presidents-and-prime-ministers/chen-shui-bian/": {"t": "Chen Shui-bian", "s": "First non-Kuomintang president of the Republic of China.", "i": "https://codexery.com/asian-presidents-and-prime-ministers/img/asian-presidents-and-prime-ministers/chen-shui-bian.webp", "c": "via Wikipedia: Chen Shui-bian · see source"}, "https://codexery.com/east-asian-leaders/e/east-asian-leaders/ma-ying-jeou/": {"t": "Ma Ying-jeou", "s": "Sixth president of the Republic of China, 2008–2016."}, "https://codexery.com/architectural-styles-and-elements/e/architectural-styles-and-elements/spire/": {"t": "Spire", "s": "A tall, pointed structure atop a building or tower."}, "/e/architectural-landmarks/willis-tower/": {"t": "Willis Tower", "s": "A 110-story Chicago icon, once the world's tallest building.", "i": "https://codexery.com/architectural-landmarks/img/architectural-landmarks/willis-tower.webp", "c": "via Wikipedia: Willis Tower · see source"}, "https://codexery.com/chinese-cuisine/e/chinese-cuisine/american-chinese-cuisine/": {"t": "American Chinese cuisine", "s": "A Chinese-American culinary tradition born from adaptation and innovation."}, "https://codexery.com/ancient-inventions/e/ancient-inventions/sundial/": {"t": "Sundial", "s": "A device that tells time using the Sun's shadow or light."}, "https://codexery.com/power-generation/e/power-generation/wind-power/": {"t": "Wind power", "s": "Wind power converts wind energy into electricity via turbines."}, "https://codexery.com/chinese-cuisine/e/chinese-cuisine/din-tai-fung/": {"t": "Din Tai Fung", "s": "Taiwanese chain famous for paper-thin xiaolongbao with 18 folds."}, "https://codexery.com/regions-cultural-spheres/e/regions-and-cultural-spheres/europe/": {"t": "Europe", "s": "Second-smallest continent, birthplace of Western civilisation and European Union."}, "https://codexery.com/cities/e/ancient-cities/istanbul/": {"t": "Istanbul", "s": "A city on two continents, bridging Europe and Asia."}, "https://codexery.com/transportation/e/transportation/london-underground/": {"t": "London Underground", "s": "First new deep level tube stock since 1997; entered service 2009–2011."}, "https://codexery.com/food-and-drink/e/food-and-drink/fast-food/": {"t": "Fast food", "s": "Mass-produced food designed for speed of service, with a global industry worth $570 billion in 2018.", "i": "https://codexery.com/food-and-drink/img/food-and-drink/fast-food.webp", "c": "KODJOME Romaric · CC BY-SA 4.0"}, "https://codexery.com/companies-and-brands/e/companies-and-brands/mcdonald-s/": {"t": "McDonald's", "s": "The world's largest fast food chain, serving billions since 1940.", "i": "https://codexery.com/companies-and-brands/img/companies-and-brands/mcdonald-s.webp", "c": "Dinkun Chen · CC BY-SA 4.0"}, "https://codexery.com/corporate-giants/e/corporate-giants/subway-restaurant/": {"t": "Subway (restaurant)", "s": "The largest single-brand restaurant chain in the world."}, "https://codexery.com/society-and-culture/e/society-and-culture/protest/": {"t": "Protest", "s": "Public acts of objection, disapproval, or dissent against political advantage."}, "https://codexery.com/cities/e/capitals/tokyo/": {"t": "Tokyo", "s": "The capital of Japan, a global hub of economy, culture, and innovation."}, "https://codexery.com/electrical-systems/e/electrical-systems/light-emitting-diode/": {"t": "Light-emitting diode", "s": "Semiconductor device converting electricity into light via electroluminescence."}, "https://codexery.com/historical-figures/e/notable/mehmed-ii/": {"t": "Mehmed II", "s": "The Conqueror of Constantinople"}, "https://codexery.com/great-collapses/e/great-collapses/the-fall-of-constantinople/": {"t": "The Fall of Constantinople", "s": "The fall of Constantinople in 1453 marked the end of the Roman Empire and the beginning of the early modern period."}, "https://codexery.com/straits-and-channels/e/straits-and-channels/bosporus/": {"t": "Bosporus", "s": "The world's narrowest strait used for international navigation, connecting the Black Sea to the Sea of Marmara and dividing Europe from Asia."}, "https://codexery.com/world-heritage-sites-in-turkey/e/world-heritage-sites-in-turkey/historic-areas-of-istanbul/": {"t": "Historic Areas of Istanbul", "s": "UNESCO World Heritage site in Fatih, Istanbul, Turkey."}, "https://codexery.com/languages-of-the-world/e/languages-of-the-world/turkish-language/": {"t": "Turkish language", "s": "Most widely spoken Turkic language, official in Turkey and Cyprus."}, "https://codexery.com/universities/e/universities/istanbul-university/": {"t": "Istanbul University", "s": "First university in modern Turkey, founded in 1453.", "i": "https://codexery.com/universities/img/universities/istanbul-university.webp", "c": "Kadı · CC BY 4.0"}, "https://codexery.com/historical-figures/e/notable/suleiman-the-magnificent/": {"t": "Suleiman the Magnificent", "s": "Ottoman sultan who expanded the empire and reformed its laws."}, "https://codexery.com/notable-buildings-and-monuments/e/notable-buildings-and-monuments/galata-tower/": {"t": "Galata Tower", "s": "Genoese-built tower from 1348, now a landmark in Istanbul's Beyoğlu district.", "i": "https://codexery.com/notable-buildings-and-monuments/img/notable-buildings-and-monuments/galata-tower.webp", "c": "via Wikipedia: Galata · see source"}, "https://codexery.com/world-wonders/e/world-wonders/hagia-sophia/": {"t": "Hagia Sophia", "s": "Justinian's great domed church in Istanbul: cathedral, mosque, museum and mosque again.", "i": "https://codexery.com/world-wonders/img/world-wonders/hagia-sophia.webp", "c": "via Wikipedia: Hagia Sophia · see source"}, "https://codexery.com/languages-and-writing-systems/e/languages-and-writing-systems/persian-language/": {"t": "Persian language", "s": "Persian is a Western Iranian language with three standard varieties."}, "https://codexery.com/castle-architecture/e/castle-architecture/cistern/": {"t": "Cistern", "s": "Waterproof receptacle for storing liquids, especially rainwater."}, "https://codexery.com/pre-columbian-empires/e/pre-columbian-empires/song-dynasty/": {"t": "Song dynasty", "s": "Chinese dynasty that pioneered paper money and gunpowder weapons.", "i": "https://codexery.com/pre-columbian-empires/img/pre-columbian-empires/song-dynasty.webp", "c": "via Wikipedia: Song dynasty · see source"}, "https://codexery.com/dynasties-and-kingdoms/e/dynasties-and-kingdoms/yuan-dynasty/": {"t": "Yuan dynasty", "s": "Mongol-led dynasty that ruled all of China proper."}, "https://codexery.com/ancient-empires/e/ancient-empires/ming-dynasty/": {"t": "Ming dynasty", "s": "The last Han-led imperial dynasty of China."}, "https://codexery.com/pre-columbian-empires/e/pre-columbian-empires/qing-dynasty/": {"t": "Qing dynasty", "s": "The Qing dynasty, also called the Great Qing or Qing China, was a Manchu-led imperial dynasty that ruled from 1636 or 1644 until 1912."}, "https://codexery.com/cities/e/capitals/rome/": {"t": "Rome", "s": "The Eternal City, capital of Italy and cradle of Western civilization."}, "https://codexery.com/music-genres-styles/e/music-genres-and-styles/baroque/": {"t": "Baroque", "s": "A Western artistic style flourishing from the early 1600s to 1750s."}, "https://codexery.com/medieval-europe/e/medieval-europe/ostrogoths/": {"t": "Ostrogoths", "s": "Germanic people who founded a kingdom in Italy under Theodoric."}, "https://codexery.com/historical-eras/e/historical-eras/middle-ages/": {"t": "Middle Ages", "s": "The middle epoch between classical antiquity and the modern period.", "i": "https://codexery.com/historical-eras/img/historical-eras/middle-ages.webp", "c": "via Wikipedia: Middle Ages · see source"}, "https://codexery.com/european-prime-ministers-and-statesmen/e/european-prime-ministers-and-statesmen/pope-urban-viii/": {"t": "Pope Urban VIII", "s": "Pope who expanded papal territory, opposed Copernicanism, and left a legacy of debt."}, "https://codexery.com/historical-figures/e/notable/gian-lorenzo-bernini/": {"t": "Gian Lorenzo Bernini", "s": "The Michelangelo of his century"}, "https://codexery.com/card-tabletop-games/e/card-and-tabletop-games/tarot/": {"t": "Tarot", "s": "Playing cards used for games and divination since the 15th century."}, "https://codexery.com/historical-figures/e/leaders/marcus-vipsanius-agrippa/": {"t": "Marcus Vipsanius Agrippa", "s": "Roman general, statesman, and right-hand man of Augustus", "i": "https://codexery.com/historical-figures/img/leaders/marcus-vipsanius-agrippa.webp", "c": "Marie-Lan Nguyen (User:Jastrow), 2009 · via Wikipedia: Marcus Vipsanius Agrippa · CC BY 2.5"}, "https://codexery.com/heraldic-beasts/e/heraldic-beasts/hippocampus-mythology/": {"t": "Hippocampus (mythology)", "s": "Mythical horse-fish hybrid associated with Poseidon and sea imagery."}, "https://codexery.com/art-movements/e/art-movements/rococo/": {"t": "Rococo", "s": "The ornate, asymmetrical style that emerged in 1730s France as a reaction to the Louis XIV style."}, "https://codexery.com/a24-films/e/people/academy-awards/": {"t": "Academy Awards", "s": "Annual awards for cinematic excellence since 1929."}, "https://codexery.com/modernist-20th-century-composers/e/modernist-and-20th-century-composers/ottorino-respighi/": {"t": "Ottorino Respighi", "s": "Italian composer famed for his Roman tone poems.", "i": "https://codexery.com/modernist-20th-century-composers/img/modernist-and-20th-century-composers/ottorino-respighi.webp", "c": "via Wikipedia: Ottorino Respighi · see source"}, "https://codexery.com/islamic-concepts-and-practices/e/islamic-concepts-and-practices/sunni-islam/": {"t": "Sunni Islam", "s": "Largest branch of Islam, following the sunnah of Muhammad."}, "https://codexery.com/islamic-traditions-and-concepts/e/islamic-traditions-and-concepts/mosque/": {"t": "Mosque", "s": "A place of worship and community for Muslims worldwide."}, "https://codexery.com/cities/e/ancient-cities/damascus/": {"t": "Damascus", "s": "The oldest capital city in the world, nestled at the foothills of the Anti-Lebanon Mountains."}, "https://codexery.com/historical-figures/e/notable/john-the-baptist/": {"t": "John the Baptist", "s": "First-century preacher and baptizer revered as a prophet in multiple faiths."}, "https://codexery.com/islamic-scholars-mystics/e/islamic-scholars-and-mystics/husayn-ibn-ali/": {"t": "Husayn ibn Ali", "s": "Third Imam in Shia Islam, grandson of Muhammad, and central figure of the Battle of Karbala.", "i": "https://codexery.com/islamic-scholars-mystics/img/islamic-scholars-and-mystics/husayn-ibn-ali.webp", "c": "khamenei.ir · CC BY 4.0"}, "https://codexery.com/historical-eras/e/historical-eras/iron-age/": {"t": "Iron Age", "s": "Final epoch of the three historical Metal Ages.", "i": "https://codexery.com/historical-eras/img/historical-eras/iron-age.webp", "c": "via Wikipedia: Iron Age · see source"}, "https://codexery.com/greek-myths/e/greek-myths/zeus/": {"t": "Zeus", "s": "King of the gods, sky and thunder deity."}, "https://codexery.com/historical-eras/e/historical-eras/hellenistic-period/": {"t": "Hellenistic period", "s": "Era of Greek cultural expansion after Alexander the Great's conquests."}, "https://codexery.com/christian-theology/e/christian-theology/basilica/": {"t": "Basilica", "s": "Ancient Roman public building, later adapted for Christian worship."}, "https://codexery.com/former-empires/e/former-empires/mamluk-sultanate/": {"t": "Mamluk Sultanate", "s": "A slave-soldier dynasty that ruled Egypt, the Levant, and Hejaz."}, "https://codexery.com/architectural-styles-and-landmarks/e/architectural-styles-and-landmarks/islamic-architecture/": {"t": "Islamic architecture", "s": "Architectural styles of buildings associated with Islamic civilization."}, "https://codexery.com/ancient-empires/e/ancient-empires/roman-empire/": {"t": "Roman Empire", "s": "Medieval and early modern empire claiming direct Roman succession, dissolved in 1806."}, "https://codexery.com/historical-figures/e/notable/augustus/": {"t": "Augustus", "s": "Founder of the Roman Empire and its first emperor."}, "https://codexery.com/cities/e/ancient-cities/jerusalem/": {"t": "Jerusalem", "s": "A holy city to Judaism, Christianity, and Islam, and a focal point of the Israeli–Palestinian conflict."}, "https://codexery.com/regions-cultural-spheres/e/regions-and-cultural-spheres/indian-subcontinent/": {"t": "Indian subcontinent", "s": "A physiographic region below the Himalayas, divided into three nations."}, "https://codexery.com/cities-starting-with-m/e/cities-starting-with-m/medina/": {"t": "Medina", "s": "Second holiest city in Islam, cradle of Islamic civilization."}, "https://codexery.com/islamic-traditions-and-concepts/e/islamic-traditions-and-concepts/qibla/": {"t": "Qibla", "s": "The direction Muslims face for prayer and ritual."}, "https://codexery.com/ancient-rulers-of-africa-and-the-near-ea/e/ancient-rulers-of-africa-and-the-near-east/abd-al-malik-ibn-marwan/": {"t": "Abd al-Malik ibn Marwan", "s": "Fifth Umayyad caliph who reunified the Caliphate and introduced key administrative reforms."}, "https://codexery.com/islamic-traditions-and-concepts/e/islamic-traditions-and-concepts/muezzin/": {"t": "Muezzin", "s": "The caller to Islamic prayer, traditionally from a minaret."}, "https://codexery.com/notable-buildings-and-monuments/e/notable-buildings-and-monuments/dome-of-the-rock/": {"t": "Dome of the Rock", "s": "World's oldest surviving Islamic architectural monument."}, "https://codexery.com/botany-plant-biology/e/botany-and-plant-biology/vine/": {"t": "Vine", "s": "A plant with trailing or climbing stems, often using supports."}, "https://codexery.com/historical-figures/e/artists/vincent-van-gogh/": {"t": "Vincent van Gogh", "s": "The tortured genius who changed art forever.", "i": "https://codexery.com/historical-figures/img/artists/vincent-van-gogh.webp", "c": "Vincent van Gogh · via Wikipedia: Vincent van Gogh · Public domain"}, "https://codexery.com/sculptors-architects/e/sculptors-and-architects/gerrit-rietveld/": {"t": "Gerrit Rietveld", "s": "Dutch furniture designer and architect of De Stijl."}, "https://codexery.com/cities/e/coastal/amsterdam/": {"t": "Amsterdam", "s": "Venice of the North"}, "https://codexery.com/major-wars/e/major-wars/second-world-war/": {"t": "Second World War", "s": "Global conflict between Allies and Axis, deadliest in history."}, "https://codexery.com/fifa-world-cup/e/honours/italy/": {"t": "Italy", "s": "A cultural superpower with the eighth-largest economy and the most UNESCO sites."}, "https://codexery.com/flowering-plants/e/flowering-plants/common-sunflower/": {"t": "Common sunflower", "s": "A large annual forb grown for seeds and oil worldwide."}, "https://codexery.com/architectural-styles-and-landmarks/e/architectural-styles-and-landmarks/floor-plan/": {"t": "Floor plan", "s": "A scaled orthographic drawing of interior spatial relationships at one level."}, "https://codexery.com/painting-visual-arts/e/painting-and-visual-arts/impressionism/": {"t": "Impressionism", "s": "A 19th-century French art movement emphasizing light and ordinary subjects."}, "https://codexery.com/art-movements/e/art-movements/post-impressionism/": {"t": "Post-Impressionism", "s": "A French art movement reacting against Impressionism, emphasizing abstract qualities and symbolic content."}, "https://codexery.com/historical-figures/e/notable/auguste-rodin/": {"t": "Auguste Rodin", "s": "French sculptor considered founder of modern sculpture."}, "https://codexery.com/historical-figures/e/artists/paul-gauguin/": {"t": "Paul Gauguin", "s": "French Post-Impressionist known for vivid color and Synthetist style.", "i": "https://codexery.com/historical-figures/img/artists/paul-gauguin.webp", "c": "Louis-Maurice Boutet de Monvel · via Wikipedia: Paul Gauguin · Public domain"}, "https://codexery.com/historical-figures/e/notable/douard-manet/": {"t": "Édouard Manet", "s": "French modernist painter and pivotal figure in the transition from Realism to Impressionism.", "i": "https://codexery.com/historical-figures/img/notable/douard-manet.webp", "c": "Nadar / Adam Cuerden · via Wikipedia: Édouard Manet · Public domain"}, "https://codexery.com/historical-figures/e/notable/claude-monet/": {"t": "Claude Monet", "s": "French painter and founder of Impressionism, precursor to modernism."}, "https://codexery.com/historical-figures/e/artists/georges-seurat/": {"t": "Georges Seurat", "s": "French post-Impressionist painter and pioneer of pointillism", "i": "https://codexery.com/historical-figures/img/artists/georges-seurat.webp", "c": "Unidentified photographer · via Wikipedia: Georges Seurat · Public domain"}, "https://codexery.com/visual-artists/e/visual-artists/henri-de-toulouse-lautrec/": {"t": "Henri de Toulouse-Lautrec", "s": "French Post-Impressionist painter of Parisian nightlife and brothels.", "i": "https://codexery.com/visual-artists/img/visual-artists/henri-de-toulouse-lautrec.webp", "c": "Didier Descouens · Public domain"}, "https://codexery.com/religious-traditions/e/religious-traditions/shinto/": {"t": "Shinto", "s": "Japan's indigenous religion centered on kami worship."}, "https://codexery.com/major-wars/e/major-wars/first-sino-japanese-war/": {"t": "First Sino-Japanese War", "s": "Conflict between Qing China and Japan over influence in Korea."}, "https://codexery.com/wars-conflicts/e/wars-and-conflicts/second-sino-japanese-war/": {"t": "Second Sino-Japanese War", "s": "Largest Asian war of the 20th century, intertwined with World War II.", "i": "https://codexery.com/wars-conflicts/img/wars-and-conflicts/second-sino-japanese-war.webp", "c": "Unknown photographer, Ministry of the Navy · via Wikipedia: Second Sino-Japanese War · Public domain"}, "https://codexery.com/major-wars/e/major-wars/first-indochina-war/": {"t": "First Indochina War", "s": "A conflict from 1946 to 1954 between France and the Viet Minh, ending with French withdrawal and the division of Vietnam."}, "https://codexery.com/world-war-ii-campaigns-and-atrocities/e/world-war-ii-campaigns-and-atrocities/japanese-war-crimes/": {"t": "Japanese war crimes", "s": "War crimes by Imperial Japan caused millions of deaths across Asia.", "i": "https://codexery.com/world-war-ii-campaigns-and-atrocities/img/world-war-ii-campaigns-and-atrocities/japanese-war-crimes.webp", "c": "No 9 Army Film & Photographic Unit. Morris, W A (Sergeant). Post-Work: User: · Public domain"}, "https://codexery.com/wars-conflicts/e/wars-and-conflicts/pacific-war/": {"t": "Pacific War", "s": "The largest theater of World War II, fought across the Pacific and Asia.", "i": "https://codexery.com/wars-conflicts/img/wars-and-conflicts/pacific-war.webp", "c": "Ensign Emment Regan · Public domain"}, "https://codexery.com/international-organizations-and-agreemen/e/international-organizations-and-agreements/international-military-tribunal-for-the-far-east/": {"t": "International Military Tribunal for the Far East", "s": "Post-WWII tribunal for Japanese war crimes leaders."}, "https://codexery.com/chinese-history/e/chinese-history/taiwan-under-japanese-rule/": {"t": "Taiwan under Japanese rule", "s": "The period of Japanese rule over Taiwan began in 1895 after the Qing dynasty ceded Fujian-Taiwan Province to Japan in the Treaty of Shimonoseki, following Japan"}, "https://codexery.com/historical-figures/e/notable/hirohito/": {"t": "Hirohito", "s": "Emperor of Japan from 1926 to 1989, reigning through war and reconstruction."}, "https://codexery.com/asian-presidents-and-prime-ministers/e/asian-presidents-and-prime-ministers/akihito/": {"t": "Akihito", "s": "125th Emperor of Japan, reigned 1989–2019", "i": "https://codexery.com/asian-presidents-and-prime-ministers/img/asian-presidents-and-prime-ministers/akihito.webp", "c": "via Wikipedia: Akihito · see source"}, "https://codexery.com/royalty-and-heads-of-state/e/royalty-and-heads-of-state/naruhito/": {"t": "Naruhito", "s": "Emperor of Japan since 2019, Reiwa era."}, "https://codexery.com/east-asian-history/e/east-asian-history/treaty-of-san-francisco/": {"t": "Treaty of San Francisco", "s": "Ended WWII occupation and restored Japanese sovereignty."}, "https://codexery.com/cathedrals/e/great-cathedrals/st-peter-s-basilica/": {"t": "St. Peter's Basilica", "s": "The Vatican's Renaissance basilica over the traditional tomb of Saint Peter.", "i": "https://codexery.com/cathedrals/img/great-cathedrals/st-peter-s-basilica.webp", "c": "via Wikipedia: St. Peter's Basilica · see source"}, "https://codexery.com/world-war-ii-and-its-aftermath/e/world-war-ii-and-its-aftermath/attack-on-pearl-harbor/": {"t": "Attack on Pearl Harbor", "s": "Surprise Japanese air raid on US Pacific Fleet, December 7, 1941.", "i": "https://codexery.com/world-war-ii-and-its-aftermath/img/world-war-ii-and-its-aftermath/attack-on-pearl-harbor.webp", "c": "Mass Communication Specialist 2nd Class Katarzyna Kobiljak · Public domain"}, "https://codexery.com/performance-arts/e/performance-arts/cosplay/": {"t": "Cosplay", "s": "Costumed performance art representing fictional characters."}, "https://codexery.com/meteorology/e/meteorology/hectare/": {"t": "Hectare", "s": "A non-SI metric unit of area equal to 10,000 square metres, primarily used for land measurement."}, "https://codexery.com/cities/e/ancient-cities/kyoto/": {"t": "Kyoto", "s": "The thousand-year capital of Japan, where imperial history and cultural heritage endure."}, "https://codexery.com/prefectures-of-japan/e/prefectures-of-japan/saitama-prefecture/": {"t": "Saitama Prefecture", "s": "Inland prefecture of Japan, suburban hub north of Tokyo.", "i": "https://codexery.com/prefectures-of-japan/img/prefectures-of-japan/saitama-prefecture.webp", "c": "Suikotei · via Wikipedia: Saitama Prefecture · CC BY-SA 4.0"}, "https://codexery.com/world-wonders/e/world-wonders/the-forbidden-city/": {"t": "The Forbidden City", "s": "Imperial palace complex in Beijing, China."}, "https://codexery.com/cities/e/capitals/beijing/": {"t": "Beijing", "s": "The world's most populous national capital, blending millennia of history with cutting-edge innovation."}, "https://codexery.com/historical-figures/e/notable/yongle-emperor/": {"t": "Yongle Emperor", "s": "Third emperor of the Ming dynasty, known for moving the capital to Beijing and sponsoring the Yongle Encyclopedia."}, "https://codexery.com/ancient-empires-rulers/e/ancient-empires-rulers/empress-dowager-cixi/": {"t": "Empress Dowager Cixi", "s": "Manchu noblewoman who ruled Qing China as empress dowager."}, "https://codexery.com/chinese-history/e/chinese-history/republic-of-china-1912-1949/": {"t": "Republic of China (1912–1949)", "s": "First Chinese republic, ruled mainland until 1949."}, "https://codexery.com/leaders-of-revolution-and-independence/e/leaders-of-revolution-and-independence/yuan-shikai/": {"t": "Yuan Shikai", "s": "Chinese general and statesman who briefly declared himself emperor.", "i": "https://codexery.com/leaders-of-revolution-and-independence/img/leaders-of-revolution-and-independence/yuan-shikai.webp", "c": "via Wikipedia: Yuan Shikai · see source"}, "https://codexery.com/leaders-and-monarchs/e/leaders-and-monarchs/mao-zedong/": {"t": "Mao Zedong", "s": "Founder of the People's Republic of China and CCP leader."}, "https://codexery.com/political-leaders-revolutionaries/e/political-leaders-and-revolutionaries/che-guevara/": {"t": "Che Guevara", "s": "Memorial in Santa Clara, Cuba, housing the remains of Che Guevara and 29 fellow combatants.", "i": "https://codexery.com/political-leaders-revolutionaries/img/political-leaders-and-revolutionaries/che-guevara.webp", "c": "Alberto Korda, restored by Adam Cuerden · via Wikipedia: Che Guevara · Public domain"}, "https://codexery.com/east-asian-leaders/e/east-asian-leaders/kakuei-tanaka/": {"t": "Kakuei Tanaka", "s": "Japanese prime minister who never finished high school."}, "https://codexery.com/dynasties-and-kingdoms/e/dynasties-and-kingdoms/jin-dynasty-1115-1234/": {"t": "Jin dynasty (1115–1234)", "s": "The Jurchen-led Great Jin: gold, empire, and the first Chinese dynasty known in Europe."}, "https://codexery.com/monarchs-and-rulers-of-asia/e/monarchs-and-rulers-of-asia/zhengde-emperor/": {"t": "Zhengde Emperor", "s": "Ming emperor who favored 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"https://codexery.com/revolutions-uprisings/img/revolutions-and-uprisings/cultural-revolution.webp", "c": "闫恩铭／Enming Yan · CC BY-SA 4.0"}, "https://codexery.com/revolutions-and-conflicts/e/revolutions-and-conflicts/tiananmen-square-protests/": {"t": "Tiananmen Square protests", "s": "1989 protests in Beijing ended in a military crackdown."}, "https://codexery.com/buddhist-traditions/e/buddhist-traditions/buddhist-temple/": {"t": "Buddhist temple", "s": "Places of worship in Buddhism, from viharas to pagodas, designed to inspire peace."}, "https://codexery.com/pre-columbian-empires/e/pre-columbian-empires/tang-dynasty/": {"t": "Tang dynasty", "s": "The Tang dynasty governed China from 618 to 907, with a break between 690 and 705.", "i": "https://codexery.com/pre-columbian-empires/img/pre-columbian-empires/tang-dynasty.webp", "c": "via Wikipedia: Tang dynasty · see source"}, "https://codexery.com/world-heritage-sites-in-japan/e/world-heritage-sites-in-japan/historic-monuments-of-ancient-nara/": {"t": "Historic Monuments of Ancient Nara", "s": "UNESCO site of eight ancient Nara landmarks."}, "https://codexery.com/buddhist-concepts-and-schools/e/buddhist-concepts-and-schools/vinaya/": {"t": "Vinaya", "s": "Buddhist monastic code of discipline and ethical training."}, "https://codexery.com/philosophers-and-theologians/e/philosophers-and-theologians/k-kai/": {"t": "Kūkai", "s": "Founder of Shingon Buddhism and influential Japanese monk.", "i": "https://codexery.com/philosophers-and-theologians/img/philosophers-and-theologians/k-kai.webp", "c": "via Wikipedia: Kūkai · see source"}, "https://codexery.com/medieval-and-early-modern-asian-empires/e/medieval-and-early-modern-asian-empires/genpei-war/": {"t": "Genpei War", "s": "Civil war ending Taira dominance and founding Kamakura shogunate."}, "https://codexery.com/medieval-and-early-modern-asian-empires/e/medieval-and-early-modern-asian-empires/edo-period/": {"t": "Edo period", "s": "Period of Tokugawa rule marked by peace, isolation, and cultural flourishing."}, "https://codexery.com/authors-poets/e/authors-and-poets/matsuo-bash/": {"t": "Matsuo Bashō", "s": "The greatest master of haiku and a wandering poet of the Edo period."}, "https://codexery.com/historical-figures/e/notable/john-wayne/": {"t": "John Wayne", "s": "John Wayne: The iconic star of 179 film and television productions, from Stagecoach to True Grit."}, "https://codexery.com/composers-musicians/e/composers-and-musicians/joni-mitchell/": {"t": "Joni Mitchell", "s": "Canadian musician whose 1979 album Mingus is a jazz-centric collaboration with Charles Mingus.", "i": "https://codexery.com/composers-musicians/img/composers-and-musicians/joni-mitchell.webp", "c": "Library of Congress Life · via Wikipedia: Joni Mitchell · CC0"}, "https://codexery.com/singer-songwriters/e/singer-songwriters/bob-dylan/": {"t": "Bob Dylan", "s": "American singer-songwriter and Nobel laureate in literature"}, "https://codexery.com/noitamina/e/noitamina/ayakashi-samurai-horror-tales/": {"t": "Ayakashi: Samurai Horror Tales", "s": "Japanese anime horror anthology of three classic tales."}, "https://codexery.com/age-of-empires/e/factions/age-of-empires-ii/": {"t": "Age of Empires II", "s": "A medieval real-time strategy game with 13 civilizations."}, "https://codexery.com/cathedrals/e/great-cathedrals/st-paul-s-cathedral/": {"t": "St. Paul's Cathedral", "s": "Wren's domed English Baroque cathedral on Ludgate Hill, seat of the Bishop of London.", "i": "https://codexery.com/cathedrals/img/great-cathedrals/st-paul-s-cathedral.webp", "c": "via Wikipedia: St Paul's Cathedral · see source"}, "https://codexery.com/corporations-conglomerates/e/corporations-and-conglomerates/unilever/": {"t": "Unilever", "s": "British-Dutch merger that became the world's largest soap maker.", "i": "https://codexery.com/corporations-conglomerates/img/corporations-and-conglomerates/unilever.webp", "c": "The logo may be obtained from Unilever. · via Wikipedia: Unilever · Fair use"}, "https://codexery.com/modern-contemporary-artists/e/modern-and-contemporary-artists/damien-hirst/": {"t": "Damien Hirst", "s": "The shark, the formaldehyde, and the millions: Damien Hirst, the YBA who made death a spectacle.", "i": "https://codexery.com/modern-contemporary-artists/img/modern-and-contemporary-artists/damien-hirst.webp", "c": "via Wikipedia: Damien Hirst · see source"}, "https://codexery.com/composers-musicians/e/composers-and-musicians/kraftwerk/": {"t": "Kraftwerk", "s": "Widely considered innovators and pioneers of electronic music, Kraftwerk was among the first successful acts to popularise the genre.", "i": "https://codexery.com/composers-musicians/img/composers-and-musicians/kraftwerk.webp", "c": "Maurice Seymour Studio - New York · via Wikipedia: Kraftwerk · Public domain"}, "https://codexery.com/visual-artists/e/visual-artists/henri-matisse/": {"t": "Henri Matisse", "s": "French visual artist known for colour and draughtsmanship, a leading Fauve and modern art figure.", "i": "https://codexery.com/visual-artists/img/visual-artists/henri-matisse.webp", "c": "Francesco Bini · CC BY-SA 4.0"}, "https://codexery.com/modernist-contemporary-pioneers/e/modernist-and-contemporary-pioneers/robert-delaunay/": {"t": "Robert Delaunay", "s": "Co-founder of Orphism, pioneer of color and geometric abstraction."}, "https://codexery.com/historical-figures/e/artists/juan-gris/": {"t": "Juan Gris", "s": "Spanish Cubist painter known for bright colors and geometric clarity.", "i": "https://codexery.com/historical-figures/img/artists/juan-gris.webp", "c": "Man Ray · via Wikipedia: Juan Gris · PD-US"}, "https://codexery.com/visual-arts-and-artworks/e/visual-arts-and-artworks/water-lilies-monet-series/": {"t": "Water Lilies (Monet series)", "s": "Claude Monet’s Water Lilies (French: Nymphéas) is a series of around 250 oil paintings."}, "https://codexery.com/european-monarchs-consorts/e/european-monarchs-and-consorts/ferdinand-i-of-the-two-sicilies/": {"t": "Ferdinand I of the Two Sicilies", "s": "King of the Two Sicilies, deposed twice and restored."}, "https://codexery.com/literary-giants/e/literary-giants/stendhal/": {"t": "Stendhal", "s": "French writer and pioneer of psychological realism."}, "https://codexery.com/composers/e/great-composers/giuseppe-verdi/": {"t": "Giuseppe Verdi", "s": "Italian composer best known for his operas.", "i": "https://codexery.com/composers/img/great-composers/giuseppe-verdi.webp", "c": "via Wikipedia: Giuseppe Verdi · see source"}, "https://codexery.com/opera-singers/e/opera-singers/farinelli/": {"t": "Farinelli", "s": "Celebrated Italian castrato singer of the 18th century."}, "https://codexery.com/historical-figures/e/notable/gioachino-rossini/": {"t": "Gioachino Rossini", "s": "Italian composer of 39 operas who retired from large-scale work in his thirties."}, "https://codexery.com/opera-vocal-legends/e/opera-and-vocal-legends/maria-malibran/": {"t": "Maria Malibran", "s": "Spanish opera singer known for extraordinary vocal range and dramatic intensity.", "i": "https://codexery.com/opera-vocal-legends/img/opera-and-vocal-legends/maria-malibran.webp", "c": "via Wikipedia: Maria Callas · see source"}, "https://codexery.com/opera-singers/e/opera-singers/giovanni-battista-rubini/": {"t": "Giovanni Battista Rubini", "s": "The tenor who inspired Bellini and Donizetti with his extraordinary upper register."}, "https://codexery.com/opera-composers/e/opera-composers/gaetano-donizetti/": {"t": "Gaetano Donizetti", "s": "Italian composer best known for his operas, of which he wrote about 75 from 1816 to 1845.", "i": "https://codexery.com/opera-composers/img/opera-composers/gaetano-donizetti.webp", "c": "Francesco Coghetti · via Wikipedia: Gaetano Donizetti · Public domain"}, "https://codexery.com/historical-figures/e/notable/giacomo-puccini/": {"t": "Giacomo Puccini", "s": "Italian composer of La bohème, Tosca, Madama Butterfly, and Turandot."}, "https://codexery.com/classical-virtuosi/e/classical-virtuosi/ruggero-leoncavallo/": {"t": "Ruggero Leoncavallo", "s": "Italian baritone known for opera, chamber music, and global television broadcasts."}, "https://codexery.com/composers-musicians/e/composers-and-musicians/richard-strauss/": {"t": "Richard Strauss", "s": "German composer and conductor of the late Romantic and early Modern era", "i": "https://codexery.com/composers-musicians/img/composers-and-musicians/richard-strauss.webp", "c": "Joseph Gaylord Gessford · via Wikipedia: Richard Strauss · Public domain"}, "/e/architectural-landmarks/western-wall/": {"t": "Western Wall", "s": "Renaissance Revival flatiron building, former steamship and cocoa exchange headquarters.", "i": "https://codexery.com/architectural-landmarks/img/architectural-landmarks/western-wall.webp", "c": "via Wikipedia: 1 Wall Street Court · see source"}, "https://codexery.com/religious-traditions/e/religious-traditions/judaism/": {"t": "Judaism", "s": "An Abrahamic, monotheistic ethnic religion of the Jewish people."}, "https://codexery.com/religious-traditions/e/religious-traditions/christianity/": {"t": "Christianity", "s": "World's largest religion, centered on Jesus Christ."}, "https://codexery.com/islamic-concepts-and-practices/e/islamic-concepts-and-practices/shia-islam/": {"t": "Shia Islam", "s": "The second-largest branch of Islam, rooted in the belief that Ali was Muhammad's chosen successor."}, "https://codexery.com/islamic-mythology/e/islamic-mythology/isra-and-mi-raj/": {"t": "Isra' and Mi'raj", "s": "The night journey and ascension of Muhammad, a pivotal event in Islamic tradition.", "i": "https://codexery.com/islamic-mythology/img/islamic-mythology/isra-and-mi-raj.webp", "c": "Ahmad252 · CC BY-SA 4.0"}, "https://codexery.com/cold-war-conflicts/e/cold-war-conflicts/six-day-war/": {"t": "Six-Day War", "s": "In June 1967, a brief but intense conflict broke out between Israel and a coalition of Arab states—chiefly Egypt, Syria, and Jordan—lasting from the 5th to the "}, "https://codexery.com/revolutions-and-conflicts/e/revolutions-and-conflicts/israeli-palestinian-conflict/": {"t": "Israeli–Palestinian conflict", "s": "Ongoing conflict over land and self-determination in former Mandatory Palestine.", "i": "https://codexery.com/revolutions-and-conflicts/img/revolutions-and-conflicts/israeli-palestinian-conflict.webp", "c": "Nizzan Cohen · CC BY 4.0"}, "https://codexery.com/christian-sacred-texts/e/christian-sacred-texts/book-of-jeremiah/": {"t": "Book of Jeremiah", "s": "Prophetic book of judgment and restoration during the Babylonian exile."}, "https://codexery.com/christian-sacred-texts/e/christian-sacred-texts/books-of-chronicles/": {"t": "Books of Chronicles", "s": "Biblical book concluding the Hebrew Bible, focusing on Judah's history."}, "https://codexery.com/international-and-comparative-law/e/international-and-comparative-law/palestine-liberation-organization/": {"t": "Palestine Liberation Organization", "s": "Palestinian nationalist coalition and internationally recognized representative of the Palestinian people."}, "https://codexery.com/christian-sacred-texts/e/christian-sacred-texts/book-of-isaiah/": {"t": "Book of Isaiah", "s": "A prophetic book of judgment, consolation, and restoration."}, "https://codexery.com/islamic-concepts-and-practices/e/islamic-concepts-and-practices/quran/": {"t": "Quran", "s": "Central religious text of Islam, believed to be divine revelation."}, "https://codexery.com/art-movements/e/art-movements/orientalism/": {"t": "Orientalism", "s": "Western depictions of the Eastern world in art, literature, and culture."}, "/e/architectural-landmarks/umayyad-mosque/": {"t": "Umayyad Mosque", "s": "One of the largest and oldest mosques in the world, blending millennia of religious history.", "i": "https://codexery.com/architectural-landmarks/img/architectural-landmarks/umayyad-mosque.webp", "c": "via Wikipedia: Mosque–Cathedral of Córdoba · see source"}, "https://codexery.com/notable-buildings-and-monuments/e/notable-buildings-and-monuments/great-mosque-of-kairouan/": {"t": "Great Mosque of Kairouan", "s": "One of the oldest and largest mosques in North Africa.", "i": "https://codexery.com/notable-buildings-and-monuments/img/notable-buildings-and-monuments/great-mosque-of-kairouan.webp", "c": "MAREK SZAREJKO from CLONMEL, IRELAND  -  POLAND · via Wikipedia: Great Mosque of Kairouan · CC BY-SA 2.0"}, "https://codexery.com/historic-and-sacred-architecture/e/historic-and-sacred-architecture/masjid-al-haram/": {"t": "Masjid al-Haram", "s": "The holiest mosque in Islam, site of the Kaaba."}, "https://codexery.com/cities-starting-with-m/e/cities-starting-with-m/mecca/": {"t": "Mecca", "s": "Holiest city in Islam and birthplace of Muhammad."}, "https://codexery.com/international-law-diplomacy/e/international-law-and-diplomacy/secretary-general-of-the-united-nations/": {"t": "Secretary-General of the United Nations", "s": "The de facto head of the United Nations, overseeing the Secretariat and acting as the Security Council's executive.", "i": "https://codexery.com/international-law-diplomacy/img/international-law-and-diplomacy/secretary-general-of-the-united-nations.webp", "c": "DFID - UK Department for International Development · CC BY 2.0"}, "https://codexery.com/geology-earth-surface/e/geology-and-earth-surface/plateau/": {"t": "Plateau", "s": "High, flat landform raised sharply above surrounding terrain.", "i": "https://codexery.com/geology-earth-surface/img/geology-and-earth-surface/plateau.webp", "c": "Alasdair MacDonald · CC BY-SA 2.0"}, "https://codexery.com/human-sacrifice-in-folklore-and-mytholog/e/human-sacrifice-in-folklore-and-mythology/binding-of-isaac/": {"t": "Binding of Isaac", "s": "God commands Abraham to sacrifice Isaac; a ram is substituted."}, "https://codexery.com/abrahamic-religions/e/abrahamic-religions/yahweh/": {"t": "Yahweh", "s": "Ancient Semitic deity who became the sole god of Judaism."}, "https://codexery.com/jewish-folklore/e/jewish-folklore/jewish-folklore/": {"t": "Jewish folklore", "s": "Jewish folklore includes legends, proverbs, and tales of the supernatural.", "i": "https://codexery.com/jewish-folklore/img/jewish-folklore/jewish-folklore.webp", "c": "Dina Panayotis · CC BY-SA 4.0"}, "https://codexery.com/dynasties-and-kingdoms/e/dynasties-and-kingdoms/roman-republic/": {"t": "Roman Republic", "s": "Elective oligarchy that dominated the Mediterranean through near-constant war."}, "https://codexery.com/historical-figures/e/notable/confucius/": {"t": "Confucius", "s": "The paragon of Chinese sages and founder of Confucianism."}, "https://codexery.com/religious-traditions/e/religious-traditions/confucianism/": {"t": "Confucianism", "s": "A system of thought emphasizing virtue, harmony, and familial responsibility."}, "https://codexery.com/religious-traditions/e/religious-traditions/chinese-folk-religion/": {"t": "Chinese folk religion", "s": "A syncretic tradition of spirit and ancestor veneration."}, "https://codexery.com/chinese-history/e/chinese-history/imperial-examination/": {"t": "Imperial examination", "s": "The imperial examination was a civil service examination system in Imperial China, selecting bureaucrats by merit from the Sui dynasty until its abolition in 19", "i": "https://codexery.com/chinese-history/img/chinese-history/imperial-examination.webp", "c": "Francisco Anzola · CC BY 2.0"}, "https://codexery.com/ancient-empires-rulers/e/ancient-empires-rulers/emperor-gaozu-of-han/": {"t": "Emperor Gaozu of Han", "s": "Founder of the Han dynasty, born a peasant, who rose from rebel to emperor."}, "https://codexery.com/ancient-empires/e/ancient-empires/han-dynasty/": {"t": "Han dynasty", "s": "The golden age that shaped Chinese identity."}, "https://codexery.com/east-asian-history/e/east-asian-history/liu-song-dynasty/": {"t": "Liu Song dynasty", "s": "First of the four Southern dynasties during the Northern and Southern period."}, "https://codexery.com/east-asian-history/e/east-asian-history/northern-wei/": {"t": "Northern Wei", "s": "The Northern Wei: Unifier of Northern China and Catalyst of Sinicization"}, "https://codexery.com/cities/e/ancient-cities/xi-an/": {"t": "Xi'an", "s": "Ancient capital, modern hub of Western China."}, "https://codexery.com/states-and-regions/e/states-and-regions/shandong/": {"t": "Shandong", "s": "Coastal province, cradle of Confucianism and Taoism.", "i": "https://codexery.com/states-and-regions/img/states-and-regions/shandong.webp", "c": "Mary Harrsch · CC BY-SA 4.0"}, "https://codexery.com/cities/e/coastal/shanghai/": {"t": "Shanghai", "s": "China's most populous city and a global hub for finance and innovation."}, "https://codexery.com/eastern-and-islamic-philosophers/e/eastern-and-islamic-philosophers/mencius/": {"t": "Mencius", "s": "Chinese Confucian philosopher, the Second Sage, who taught innate human goodness."}, "https://codexery.com/founders-of-new-religious-movements/e/founders-of-new-religious-movements/zhu-xi/": {"t": "Zhu Xi", "s": "Neo-Confucian philosopher whose works shaped East Asian state ideology."}, "https://codexery.com/peninsulas-and-cape-landforms/e/peninsulas-and-cape-landforms/korean-peninsula/": {"t": "Korean Peninsula", "s": "Divided peninsula with ancient kingdoms and modern global influence."}, "https://codexery.com/dynasties-and-kingdoms/e/dynasties-and-kingdoms/joseon/": {"t": "Joseon", "s": "A dynastic kingdom of Korea that existed for 505 years, founded in 1392 and replaced by the Korean Empire in 1897."}, "https://codexery.com/japanese-prefectures/e/japanese-prefectures/okayama-prefecture/": {"t": "Okayama Prefecture", "s": "Prefecture in Chūgoku, Honshu, linked to the Momotarō legend."}, "https://codexery.com/prefectures-of-japan/e/prefectures-of-japan/saga-prefecture/": {"t": "Saga Prefecture", "s": "A Kyushu prefecture known for ceramics and historical significance."}, "https://codexery.com/prefectures-of-japan/e/prefectures-of-japan/okinawa-prefecture/": {"t": "Okinawa Prefecture", "s": "Prefecture with a flag adopted October 13, 1972, featuring a red, white, and red emblem."}, "https://codexery.com/cities-on-rivers/e/cities-on-rivers/surabaya/": {"t": "Surabaya", "s": "Surabaya: Bravely facing danger on the Madura Strait."}, "https://codexery.com/rivers-of-the-world/e/rivers-of-the-world/nile/": {"t": "Nile", "s": "Longest river in the world, central to African history and civilization."}, "https://codexery.com/egypt-myths/e/egyptian-myths/horus/": {"t": "Horus", "s": "Ancient Egyptian falcon god of kingship, sky, and protection."}, "https://codexery.com/greek-myths/e/greek-myths/apollo/": {"t": "Apollo", "s": "God of light, healing, prophecy, music, poetry, and archery; twin brother of Artemis."}, "https://codexery.com/roman-mythology/e/roman-mythology/interpretatio-graeca/": {"t": "Interpretatio graeca", "s": "Greek method of equating foreign gods with their own."}, "https://codexery.com/pre-columbian-empires/e/pre-columbian-empires/ptolemaic-kingdom/": {"t": "Ptolemaic Kingdom", "s": "The Greek-ruled Egyptian kingdom of the Ptolemies, from Ptolemy I in 305 BC to Cleopatra VII in 30 BC.", "i": "https://codexery.com/pre-columbian-empires/img/pre-columbian-empires/ptolemaic-kingdom.webp", "c": "via Wikipedia: Ptolemaic Kingdom · see source"}, "https://codexery.com/egypt-myths/e/egyptian-myths/set/": {"t": "Set", "s": "Set (deity) or Seth, an ancient Egyptian deity."}, "https://codexery.com/ancient-egyptian-pharaohs/e/ancient-egyptian-pharaohs/ptolemy-iii-euergetes/": {"t": "Ptolemy III Euergetes", "s": "Third pharaoh of Ptolemaic Egypt, reached peak of power."}, "https://codexery.com/ancient-egyptian-pharaohs/e/ancient-egyptian-pharaohs/ptolemy-xii-auletes/": {"t": "Ptolemy XII Auletes", "s": "Ptolemaic king who played the flute and relied on Rome."}, "https://codexery.com/historical-eras/e/historical-eras/new-kingdom-of-egypt/": {"t": "New Kingdom of Egypt", "s": "The most prosperous and powerful era of ancient Egypt.", "i": "https://codexery.com/historical-eras/img/historical-eras/new-kingdom-of-egypt.webp", "c": "ArdadN, Jeff Dahl · via Wikipedia: New Kingdom of Egypt · CC BY-SA 3.0"}, "https://codexery.com/ancient-egyptian-pharaohs/e/ancient-egyptian-pharaohs/nectanebo-ii/": {"t": "Nectanebo II", "s": "Last native pharaoh of Egypt, defeated by Achaemenids."}, "https://codexery.com/transportation/e/transportation/riverboat/": {"t": "Riverboat", "s": "Inland watercraft for freight, passengers, and entertainment on rivers and lakes."}, "https://codexery.com/egypt-myths/e/egyptian-myths/hathor/": {"t": "Hathor", "s": "Major ancient Egyptian goddess of sky, love, and maternal care."}, "https://codexery.com/egypt-myths/e/egyptian-myths/ptah/": {"t": "Ptah", "s": "Ancient Egyptian creator god and patron of craftsmen."}, "https://codexery.com/egypt-myths/e/egyptian-myths/thoth/": {"t": "Thoth", "s": "God of the Moon, wisdom, writing, and magic"}, "https://codexery.com/spatial-analysis-gis/e/spatial-analysis-and-gis/region/": {"t": "Region", "s": "Spatial divisions of Earth's surface with definable characteristics."}, "https://codexery.com/wars-conflicts/e/wars-and-conflicts/second-opium-war/": {"t": "Second Opium War", "s": "Conflict over opium trade and diplomatic rights."}, "https://codexery.com/imperial-titles/e/imperial-titles/son-of-heaven/": {"t": "Son of Heaven", "s": "Sacred monarchial title of the Chinese sovereign.", "i": "https://codexery.com/imperial-titles/img/imperial-titles/son-of-heaven.webp", "c": "Wikimedia Commons · Public domain"}, "https://codexery.com/religious-practices-and-symbols/e/religious-practices-and-symbols/sacrifice/": {"t": "Sacrifice", "s": "An act or offering made to a deity."}, "https://codexery.com/festivals-and-celebrations/e/festivals-and-celebrations/dongzhi/": {"t": "Dongzhi", "s": "Winter solstice solar term and festival of balance and harmony."}, "https://codexery.com/architectural-styles-and-landmarks/e/architectural-styles-and-landmarks/gothic-architecture/": {"t": "Gothic architecture", "s": "Medieval architectural style defined by the pointed arch and verticality."}, "https://codexery.com/architectural-styles-and-landmarks/e/architectural-styles-and-landmarks/neoclassical-architecture/": {"t": "Neoclassical architecture", "s": "A return to pure classical forms adapted to modern purposes."}, "https://codexery.com/architectural-styles-and-elements/e/architectural-styles-and-elements/romanesque-architecture/": {"t": "Romanesque architecture", "s": "First pan-European architectural style since Imperial Roman architecture.", "i": "https://codexery.com/architectural-styles-and-elements/img/architectural-styles-and-elements/romanesque-architecture.webp", "c": "Txllxt TxllxT · CC BY-SA 4.0"}, "https://codexery.com/art-movements-styles/e/art-movements-and-styles/art-deco/": {"t": "Art Deco", "s": "A decorative style of luxury and geometric form.", "i": "https://codexery.com/art-movements-styles/img/art-movements-and-styles/art-deco.webp", "c": "via Wikipedia: Art Deco · see source"}, "https://codexery.com/languages-and-dialects/e/languages-and-dialects/hindustani-language/": {"t": "Hindustani language", "s": "A pluricentric lingua franca of northern India and Pakistan."}, "https://codexery.com/modern-conflicts/e/modern-conflicts/chinese-civil-war/": {"t": "Chinese Civil War", "s": "Civil war between KMT and CCP, ending in Communist victory."}, "https://codexery.com/revolutionary-leaders-icons/e/revolutionary-leaders-and-icons/sun-yat-sen/": {"t": "Sun Yat-sen", "s": "Founder of the Republic of China and the Kuomintang."}, "https://codexery.com/historical-figures/e/leaders/chen-yi-marshal/": {"t": "Chen Yi (marshal)", "s": "Chinese Communist military commander, politician, and one of the Ten Marshals"}, "https://codexery.com/architectural-styles-and-landmarks/e/architectural-styles-and-landmarks/gothic-revival-architecture/": {"t": "Gothic Revival architecture", "s": "A movement reviving medieval Gothic architecture in the 19th century."}, "https://codexery.com/architectural-styles-and-elements/e/architectural-styles-and-elements/renaissance-revival-architecture/": {"t": "Renaissance Revival architecture", "s": "A 19th-century revival stitching Italian, French, and Flemish Renaissance forms into one working language.", "i": "https://codexery.com/architectural-styles-and-elements/img/architectural-styles-and-elements/renaissance-revival-architecture.webp", "c": "Bmzuckerman · CC BY 4.0"}, "https://codexery.com/cities/e/modern-metropolis/hong-kong/": {"t": "Hong Kong", "s": "Asia's world city, a global financial hub."}, "https://codexery.com/martial-arts-video-games/e/martial-arts-video-games/the-king-of-fighters-xiv/": {"t": "The King of Fighters XIV", "s": "First 3D mainline entry, returning SNK to traditional fighting games."}, "https://codexery.com/fifa-world-cup/e/honours/saudi-arabia/": {"t": "Saudi Arabia", "s": "The Kingdom of Saudi Arabia: a land of ancient heritage, vast deserts, and global influence.", "i": "https://codexery.com/fifa-world-cup/img/honours/saudi-arabia.webp", "c": "via Wikipedia: Saudi Arabia at the FIFA World Cup · see source"}, "https://codexery.com/cities-on-rivers/e/cities-on-rivers/shenzhen/": {"t": "Shenzhen", "s": "Shenzhen: A premier global metropolis and technology hub on the Pearl River estuary."}, "https://codexery.com/cities/e/landmark-cities/dubai/": {"t": "Dubai", "s": "City of trade, tourism, and towering skylines on the Persian Gulf."}, "/e/architectural-landmarks/tokyo-skytree/": {"t": "Tokyo Skytree", "s": "The tallest tower in the world, blending neofuturistic design with traditional Japanese beauty.", "i": "https://codexery.com/architectural-landmarks/img/architectural-landmarks/tokyo-skytree.webp", "c": "via Wikipedia: Tokyo Tower · see source"}, "https://codexery.com/notable-buildings-and-monuments/e/notable-buildings-and-monuments/kaaba/": {"t": "Kaaba", "s": "Stone building at Islam's holiest mosque, determining prayer direction worldwide."}, "https://codexery.com/historical-figures/e/artists/benjamin-henry-latrobe/": {"t": "Benjamin Henry Latrobe", "s": "British-American neoclassical architect who designed the U.S. Capitol and Baltimore Basilica", "i": "https://codexery.com/historical-figures/img/artists/benjamin-henry-latrobe.webp", "c": "Rembrandt Peale · via Wikipedia: Benjamin Henry Latrobe · Public domain"}, "https://codexery.com/political-systems-elections/e/political-systems-and-elections/federal-government-of-the-united-states/": {"t": "Federal government of the United States", "s": "National government of the United States, established by the Constitution."}, "https://codexery.com/cities/e/capitals/washington-d-c/": {"t": "Washington, D.C.", "s": "The federal capital city of the United States, anchored on the Potomac River."}, "https://codexery.com/government-public-administration/e/government-and-public-administration/bicameralism/": {"t": "Bicameralism", "s": "A legislature divided into two separate assemblies or houses."}, "https://codexery.com/rebellions-against-the-united-states/e/rebellions-against-the-united-states/american-civil-war/": {"t": "American Civil War", "s": "Civil war between the Union and Confederacy over slavery and secession."}, "https://codexery.com/cities/e/landmark-cities/new-york-city/": {"t": "New York City", "s": "The most populous city in the United States, a global center of finance, culture, and diplomacy."}, "https://codexery.com/us-cities/e/us-cities/trenton-new-jersey/": {"t": "Trenton, New Jersey", "s": "Capital of New Jersey and brief U.S. capital."}, "https://codexery.com/constitutional-law/e/constitutional-law/articles-of-confederation/": {"t": "Articles of Confederation", "s": "The first constitution of the United States, in force from 1781 to 1789."}, "https://codexery.com/rebellions-against-the-british-empire/e/rebellions-against-the-british-empire/american-revolutionary-war/": {"t": "American Revolutionary War", "s": "Armed conflict that secured American independence from British rule.", "i": "https://codexery.com/rebellions-against-the-british-empire/img/rebellions-against-the-british-empire/american-revolutionary-war.webp", "c": "EgorovaSvetlana · CC BY-SA 4.0"}, "https://codexery.com/reformers-and-leaders-of-the-americas-an/e/reformers-and-leaders-of-the-americas-and-beyond/alexander-hamilton/": {"t": "Alexander Hamilton", "s": "", "i": "https://codexery.com/reformers-and-leaders-of-the-americas-an/img/reformers-and-leaders-of-the-americas-and-beyond/alexander-hamilton.webp", "c": "Wikimedia Commons · CC BY 4.0"}, "https://codexery.com/u-s-states/e/u-s-states/virginia/": {"t": "Virginia", "s": "First permanent English colony in the New World."}, "https://codexery.com/manufacturing-and-materials/e/manufacturing-and-materials/quarry/": {"t": "Quarry", "s": "A site for excavating rock and earth materials."}, "https://codexery.com/cultural-and-historical-regions/e/cultural-and-historical-regions/southern-united-states/": {"t": "Southern United States", "s": "The Southern United States: a diverse region defined by history, culture, and climate, from the Atlantic to the Gulf."}, "https://codexery.com/textiles-in-folklore/e/textiles-in-folklore/minerva/": {"t": "Minerva", "s": "Roman goddess of wisdom, war, crafts, and the Capitoline Triad."}, "https://codexery.com/historical-figures/e/notable/george-washington/": {"t": "George Washington", "s": "First president of the United States and commander of the Continental Army during the American Revolution."}, "https://codexery.com/branches-of-christianity/e/branches-of-christianity/catholic-church/": {"t": "Catholic Church", "s": "The largest Christian church, with 1.28 to 1.41 billion baptized members.", "i": "https://codexery.com/branches-of-christianity/img/branches-of-christianity/catholic-church.webp", "c": "via Wikipedia: Christianity by country · see source"}, "https://codexery.com/european-prime-ministers-and-statesmen/e/european-prime-ministers-and-statesmen/pope-julius-ii/": {"t": "Pope Julius II", "s": "The Warrior Pope who led armies and commissioned masterpieces."}, "https://codexery.com/historical-figures/e/artists/michelangelo/": {"t": "Michelangelo", "s": "Italian High Renaissance sculptor, painter, architect, and poet.", "i": "https://codexery.com/historical-figures/img/artists/michelangelo.webp", "c": "Attributed to Daniele da Volterra · via Wikipedia: Michelangelo · Public domain"}, "https://codexery.com/historical-figures/e/notable/raphael/": {"t": "Raphael", "s": "High Renaissance painter and architect, known for clarity and harmony."}, "https://codexery.com/sculptures/e/sculptures/laoco-n-and-his-sons/": {"t": "Laocoön and His Sons", "s": "Ancient sculpture of Trojan priest and sons attacked by serpents."}, "https://codexery.com/architects/e/architects/giuliano-da-sangallo/": {"t": "Giuliano da Sangallo", "s": "Italian sculptor, architect and military engineer of the Renaissance."}, "https://codexery.com/european-prime-ministers-and-statesmen/e/european-prime-ministers-and-statesmen/pope-benedict-xiv/": {"t": "Pope Benedict XIV", "s": "Scholar, reformer, and pope who balanced faith with enlightenment."}, "https://codexery.com/historical-figures/e/artists/marc-chagall/": {"t": "Marc Chagall", "s": "Russian and French artist of Jewish ancestry, early modernist, and creator of works in stained glass, painting, and more.", "i": "https://codexery.com/historical-figures/img/artists/marc-chagall.webp", "c": "Pierre Choumoff · via Wikipedia: Marc Chagall · Public domain"}, "https://codexery.com/visual-artists/e/visual-artists/paul-klee/": {"t": "Paul Klee", "s": "Swiss-born German artist known for his individual style and color theory"}, "https://codexery.com/historical-figures/e/artists/salvador-dal/": {"t": "Salvador Dalí", "s": "Spanish surrealist master of striking and bizarre imagery", "i": "https://codexery.com/historical-figures/img/artists/salvador-dal.webp", "c": "Van Vechten, Carl, 1880-1964. · via Wikipedia: Salvador Dalí · Public domain"}, "https://codexery.com/european-prime-ministers-and-statesmen/e/european-prime-ministers-and-statesmen/pope-pius-vi/": {"t": "Pope Pius VI", "s": "Fifth-longest reigning pope in history; longest-serving pope of the Papal States."}, "https://codexery.com/lost-civilizations/e/lost-civilizations/the-etruscans/": {"t": "The Etruscans", "s": "Ancient Italian civilization of city-states with a distinct language and culture."}, "https://codexery.com/egypt-myths/e/egyptian-myths/the-book-of-the-dead/": {"t": "The Book of the Dead", "s": "Ancient Egyptian funerary spells for the afterlife journey"}, "https://codexery.com/genesis-creation-narrative/e/genesis-creation-narrative/the-creation-of-adam/": {"t": "The Creation of Adam", "s": "Fresco depicting God giving life to Adam on the Sistine Chapel ceiling."}, "https://codexery.com/visual-arts-and-artworks/e/visual-arts-and-artworks/the-school-of-athens/": {"t": "The School of Athens", "s": "Raphael's fresco of ancient philosophers in the Vatican."}, "https://codexery.com/catholic-saints-popes/e/catholic-saints-and-popes/pope-francis/": {"t": "Pope Francis", "s": "First Latin American pope, known for humility and reform."}, "https://codexery.com/art-movements-styles/e/art-movements-and-styles/applied-arts/": {"t": "Applied arts", "s": "Arts that apply design to everyday practical objects."}, "https://codexery.com/abrahamic-religions-criticism/e/abrahamic-religions-and-criticism/islamic-world/": {"t": "Islamic world", "s": "Global community of those adhering to Islam."}, "https://codexery.com/universities-and-colleges/e/universities-and-colleges/imperial-college-london/": {"t": "Imperial College London", "s": "Public research university formed from 1907 mergers in South Kensington."}, "https://codexery.com/architects/e/architects/gottfried-semper/": {"t": "Gottfried Semper", "s": "Architect of the Semper Opera House and pioneer of polychrome theory", "i": "https://codexery.com/architects/img/architects/gottfried-semper.webp", "c": "via Wikipedia: Gottfried Semper · see source"}, "https://codexery.com/cathedrals/e/great-cathedrals/santiago-de-compostela/": {"t": "Santiago de Compostela", "s": "Reputed burial place of Saint James the Great."}, "https://codexery.com/sculpture/e/sculpture/david-michelangelo/": {"t": "David (Michelangelo)", "s": "Colossal marble statue by Michelangelo, symbol of Florentine civil liberties."}, "https://codexery.com/designers-and-craftsmen/e/designers-and-craftsmen/william-morris/": {"t": "William Morris", "s": "English textile designer, poet, and socialist activist"}, "https://codexery.com/medications-and-pharmacology/e/medications-and-pharmacology/oxycodone/": {"t": "Oxycodone", "s": "A semi-synthetic opioid for moderate to severe pain, available in immediate-release and controlled-release forms."}, "https://codexery.com/photographers/e/photographers/nan-goldin/": {"t": "Nan Goldin", "s": "American photographer and activist documenting intimacy and subcultures.", "i": "https://codexery.com/photographers/img/photographers/nan-goldin.webp", "c": "via Wikipedia: Nan Goldin · see source"}, "https://codexery.com/public-holidays-observances/e/public-holidays-and-observances/shavuot/": {"t": "Shavuot", "s": "Jewish harvest festival and commemoration of the giving of the Torah."}, "https://codexery.com/historical-figures/e/artists/inigo-jones/": {"t": "Inigo Jones", "s": "The architect who brought classical Rome and the Italian Renaissance to England.", "i": "https://codexery.com/historical-figures/img/artists/inigo-jones.webp", "c": "After Anthony van Dyck / William Hogarth · via Wikipedia: Inigo Jones · Public domain"}, "https://codexery.com/historical-figures/e/artists/christopher-wren/": {"t": "Christopher Wren", "s": "English architect, astronomer, mathematician and physicist; master of English Baroque; rebuilt 52 churches after the Great Fire of London.", "i": "https://codexery.com/historical-figures/img/artists/christopher-wren.webp", "c": "Godfrey Kneller · via Wikipedia: Christopher Wren · Public domain"}, "https://codexery.com/composers-musicians/e/composers-and-musicians/prince-musician/": {"t": "Prince (musician)", "s": "Prince Rogers Nelson (June 7, 1958 – April 21, 2016) was an American musician, singer, songwriter, dancer, actor, and filmmaker.", "i": "https://codexery.com/composers-musicians/img/composers-and-musicians/prince-musician.webp", "c": "Unknown authorUnknown author, based on File:Prince promo picture (1988; cropped).png · via Wikipedia: Prince (musician) · Public domain"}, "https://codexery.com/medieval-europe/e/medieval-europe/republic-of-venice/": {"t": "Republic of Venice", "s": "A maritime republic that dominated Mediterranean trade for over a millennium."}, "https://codexery.com/architectural-styles-and-landmarks/e/architectural-styles-and-landmarks/pantheon-rome/": {"t": "Pantheon, Rome", "s": "Ancient Roman temple, now a Catholic church, with the largest unreinforced concrete dome."}, "https://codexery.com/architectural-styles-and-elements/e/architectural-styles-and-elements/renaissance-architecture/": {"t": "Renaissance architecture", "s": "Revival of classical Greek and Roman architectural principles.", "i": "https://codexery.com/architectural-styles-and-elements/img/architectural-styles-and-elements/renaissance-architecture.webp", "c": "Txllxt TxllxT · CC BY-SA 4.0"}, "https://codexery.com/visual-arts-and-crafts/e/visual-arts-and-crafts/trompe-l-il/": {"t": "Trompe-l'œil", "s": "Artistic technique creating realistic optical illusions on flat surfaces."}, "https://codexery.com/architectural-styles-and-landmarks/e/architectural-styles-and-landmarks/fa-ade/": {"t": "Façade", "s": "The front part or exterior of a building."}, "https://codexery.com/world-heritage-sites-in-the-united/e/world-heritage-sites-in-the-united-states/university-of-virginia/": {"t": "University of Virginia", "s": "Founded by Thomas Jefferson, home to a UNESCO World Heritage Site."}, "https://codexery.com/composers/e/great-composers/wolfgang-amadeus-mozart/": {"t": "Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart", "s": "Classical composer and child prodigy who completed over 800 works.", "i": "https://codexery.com/composers/img/great-composers/wolfgang-amadeus-mozart.webp", "c": "via Wikipedia: Death of Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart · see source"}, "https://codexery.com/opera-and-musical-theatre/e/opera-and-musical-theatre/don-giovanni/": {"t": "Don Giovanni", "s": "Mozart and Da Ponte's opera about a libertine's supernatural downfall.", "i": "https://codexery.com/opera-and-musical-theatre/img/opera-and-musical-theatre/don-giovanni.webp", "c": "via Wikipedia: Don Giovanni · see source"}, "https://codexery.com/fifa-world-cup/e/honours/poland/": {"t": "Poland", "s": "A Central European nation with a rich history, from the Piast dynasty to the Solidarity movement."}, "https://codexery.com/cities-on-rivers/e/cities-on-rivers/warsaw/": {"t": "Warsaw", "s": "Capital and largest city of Poland, on the Vistula River."}, "https://codexery.com/architectural-styles-and-elements/e/architectural-styles-and-elements/palladian-architecture/": {"t": "Palladian architecture", "s": "European architectural style based on symmetry and classical principles.", "i": "https://codexery.com/architectural-styles-and-elements/img/architectural-styles-and-elements/palladian-architecture.webp", "c": "Txllxt TxllxT · CC BY-SA 4.0"}, "https://codexery.com/world-heritage-sites-in-the-united/e/world-heritage-sites-in-the-united-states/monticello/": {"t": "Monticello", "s": "Thomas Jefferson's plantation home and UNESCO World Heritage Site."}, "https://codexery.com/cathedrals/e/great-cathedrals/cologne-cathedral/": {"t": "Cologne Cathedral", "s": "Germany's most visited landmark and the world's tallest twin-spired cathedral.", "i": "https://codexery.com/cathedrals/img/great-cathedrals/cologne-cathedral.webp", "c": "via Wikipedia: Cologne Cathedral · see source"}, "https://codexery.com/world-wonders/e/world-wonders/the-eiffel-tower/": {"t": "The Eiffel Tower", "s": "Locally nicknamed \"La dame de fer\" (French for \"Iron Lady\") due to its construction from wrought iron, the Eiffel Tower is 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"https://codexery.com/early-modern-state-formation-and-dynasti/e/early-modern-state-formation-and-dynasties/federalist-party/": {"t": "Federalist Party", "s": "First U.S. political party, championed strong central government.", "i": "https://codexery.com/early-modern-state-formation-and-dynasti/img/early-modern-state-formation-and-dynasties/federalist-party.webp", "c": "via Wikipedia: First Party System · see source"}, "https://codexery.com/jurists-and-legal-scholars/e/jurists-and-legal-scholars/john-marshall/": {"t": "John Marshall", "s": "Fourth chief justice who shaped the U.S. Supreme Court."}, "/e/architectural-landmarks/united-states-capitol/": {"t": "United States Capitol", "s": "Seat of the California state government in Sacramento.", "i": "https://codexery.com/architectural-landmarks/img/architectural-landmarks/united-states-capitol.webp", "c": "via Wikipedia: California State Capitol · see source"}, "https://codexery.com/manufacturing-and-materials/e/manufacturing-and-materials/mortar-masonry/": {"t": "Mortar (masonry)", "s": "Workable paste that hardens to bind masonry units."}, "https://codexery.com/american-and-caribbean-leaders/e/american-and-caribbean-leaders/rutherford-b-hayes/": {"t": "Rutherford B. 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"https://codexery.com/u-s-states/e/u-s-states/minnesota/": {"t": "Minnesota", "s": "Land of 10,000 Lakes, 32nd state, Twin Cities hub.", "i": "https://codexery.com/u-s-states/img/u-s-states/minnesota.webp", "c": "Myotus · CC BY-SA 4.0"}, "https://codexery.com/cities/e/ancient-cities/carthage/": {"t": "Carthage", "s": "Ancient Phoenician city on the coast of Tunisia, capital of a Punic empire."}, "https://codexery.com/u-s-states/e/u-s-states/utah/": {"t": "Utah", "s": "Landlocked Mountain West state, 45th admitted, dominated by LDS Church."}, "https://codexery.com/countries-and-regions/e/countries-and-regions/new-york-state/": {"t": "New York (state)", "s": "The Empire State: A global node of creativity, entrepreneurship, and natural wonder."}, "https://codexery.com/writing-systems/e/writing-systems/cursive/": {"t": "Cursive", "s": "A flowing penmanship style for faster writing."}, "/e/architectural-landmarks/temple-mount/": {"t": "Temple Mount", "s": "A contested holy site central to 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{"t": "1948 Arab–Israeli War", "s": "The 1948 Arab–Israeli War: the conflict that reshaped Palestine and established the State of Israel."}, "https://codexery.com/pre-columbian-empires/e/pre-columbian-empires/sasanian-empire/": {"t": "Sasanian Empire", "s": "Iranian empire lasting from 224 to 651 AD.", "i": "https://codexery.com/pre-columbian-empires/img/pre-columbian-empires/sasanian-empire.webp", "c": "via Wikipedia: Aztec Empire · see source"}, "https://codexery.com/historical-figures/e/notable/gregory-of-nazianzus/": {"t": "Gregory of Nazianzus", "s": "Cappadocian Father and Trinitarian Theologian"}, "https://codexery.com/explorers-navigators/e/explorers-and-navigators/benjamin-of-tudela/": {"t": "Benjamin of Tudela", "s": "Twelfth-century Jewish traveler who documented Jewish communities across three continents."}, "https://codexery.com/historical-figures/e/notable/saladin/": {"t": "Saladin", "s": "Founder of the Ayyubid dynasty and sultan of Egypt and Syria."}, "https://codexery.com/sieges-and-battles/e/sieges-and-battles/siege-of-jerusalem-1187/": {"t": "Siege of Jerusalem (1187)", "s": "The 1187 siege of Jerusalem ended with a negotiated surrender, limited bloodshed, and the restoration of Muslim holy sites."}, "https://codexery.com/cities-on-rivers/e/cities-on-rivers/saint-petersburg/": {"t": "Saint Petersburg", "s": "Russia's cultural capital and historic window to Europe."}, "https://codexery.com/early-modern-state-formation-and-dynasti/e/early-modern-state-formation-and-dynasties/house-of-romanov/": {"t": "House of Romanov", "s": "They achieved prominence after Anastasia Romanovna married Ivan the Terrible, the first crowned tsar of all Russia."}, "https://codexery.com/dynasties-and-kingdoms/e/dynasties-and-kingdoms/russian-empire/": {"t": "Russian Empire", "s": "Third-largest empire in history, spanning northern Eurasia."}, "https://codexery.com/film-and-theater-icons/e/film-and-theater-icons/sergei-eisenstein/": {"t": "Sergei Eisenstein", "s": "Pioneer of montage and master of Soviet cinema."}, "https://codexery.com/sculptors-architects/e/sculptors-and-architects/francesco-bartolomeo-rastrelli/": {"t": "Francesco Bartolomeo Rastrelli", "s": "Italian architect who shaped Russian Late Baroque."}, "https://codexery.com/historical-figures/e/notable/louis-xiv/": {"t": "Louis XIV", "s": "The Sun King who defined absolute monarchy and led France to European dominance."}, "https://codexery.com/european-monarchs-consorts/e/european-monarchs-and-consorts/elizabeth-of-russia/": {"t": "Elizabeth of Russia", "s": "Empress of Russia who led the Enlightenment and opposed Prussia"}, "https://codexery.com/wars-conflicts/e/wars-and-conflicts/seven-years-war/": {"t": "Seven Years' War", "s": "Global war that reshaped European and colonial power.", "i": "https://codexery.com/wars-conflicts/img/wars-and-conflicts/seven-years-war.webp", "c": "Blaue Max · via Wikipedia: Seven Years' War · CC BY-SA 4.0"}, "https://codexery.com/visual-artists/e/visual-artists/rembrandt/": {"t": "Rembrandt", "s": "Dutch Golden Age master of light, shadow, and human emotion.", "i": "https://codexery.com/visual-artists/img/visual-artists/rembrandt.webp", "c": "Rembrandt · via Wikipedia: Rembrandt · Public domain"}, "https://codexery.com/historical-figures/e/artists/titian/": {"t": "Titian", "s": "Italian Renaissance painter, founder of the Venetian school, known for his masterful use of colour.", "i": "https://codexery.com/historical-figures/img/artists/titian.webp", "c": "Titian · via Wikipedia: Titian · Public domain"}, "https://codexery.com/old-masters/e/old-masters/anthony-van-dyck/": {"t": "Anthony van Dyck", "s": "Flemish Baroque court painter to Charles I of England."}, "https://codexery.com/historical-figures/e/artists/frans-hals/": {"t": "Frans Hals", "s": "Dutch Golden Age portraitist of Haarlem", "i": "https://codexery.com/historical-figures/img/artists/frans-hals.webp", "c": "After Frans Hals · via Wikipedia: Frans Hals · Public domain"}, "https://codexery.com/authors-poets/e/authors-and-poets/moli-re/": {"t": "Molière", "s": "French playwright, actor, and poet, master of comedy."}, "https://codexery.com/writers-poets/e/writers-and-poets/jean-racine/": {"t": "Jean Racine", "s": "Master of neoclassical tragedy and the French alexandrine."}, "https://codexery.com/business-tycoons-and-industrialists/e/business-tycoons-and-industrialists/frank-winfield-woolworth/": {"t": "Frank Winfield Woolworth", "s": "Founder of the five-and-dime store chain."}, "https://codexery.com/architectural-styles-and-landmarks/e/architectural-styles-and-landmarks/palace-of-westminster/": {"t": "Palace of Westminster", "s": "Meeting place of the UK Parliament, a symbol of British government."}, "https://codexery.com/electricity-and-magnetism/e/electricity-and-magnetism/ground-electricity/": {"t": "Ground (electricity)", "s": "A reference point for voltage and a safety path for current."}, "https://codexery.com/revolutions-and-conflicts/e/revolutions-and-conflicts/world-war-i/": {"t": "World War I", "s": "The First World War, a global conflict from 1914 to 1918, was fought between the Allied and Central Powers."}, "https://codexery.com/banking-and-finance/e/banking-and-finance/lehman-brothers/": {"t": "Lehman Brothers", "s": "American investment bank that collapsed in 2008, triggering global financial turmoil."}, "/e/architectural-landmarks/world-trade-center-1973-2001/": {"t": "World Trade Center (1973–2001)", "s": "Icon of New York City, destroyed on 9/11", "i": "https://codexery.com/architectural-landmarks/img/architectural-landmarks/world-trade-center-1973-2001.webp", "c": "Eric Ascalon ******************** · CC BY-SA 3.0"}, "https://codexery.com/historical-figures/e/explorers/michael-dell/": {"t": "Michael Dell", "s": "Founder, chairman, and CEO of Dell Technologies; pioneer of direct-to-consumer PC sales.", "i": "https://codexery.com/historical-figures/img/explorers/michael-dell.webp", "c": "Village Global · via Wikipedia: Michael Dell · CC BY 2.0"}, "https://codexery.com/cities/e/coastal/singapore/": {"t": "Singapore", "s": "The Lion City, a global hub of trade and finance."}, "https://codexery.com/inventors/e/great-inventors/nikola-tesla/": {"t": "Nikola Tesla", "s": "Serbian-American inventor of the modern AC electricity system.", "i": "https://codexery.com/inventors/img/great-inventors/nikola-tesla.webp", "c": "via Wikipedia: Nikola Tesla · see source"}, "https://codexery.com/media-and-publishing/e/media-and-publishing/scientific-american/": {"t": "Scientific American", "s": "Oldest continuously published U.S. magazine."}, "https://codexery.com/architects-and-designers/e/architects-and-designers/minoru-yamasaki/": {"t": "Minoru Yamasaki", "s": "American architect who designed the original World Trade Center."}, "https://codexery.com/international-relations-and-concepts/e/international-relations-and-concepts/globalization/": {"t": "Globalization", "s": "Process of increasing global interdependence and integration."}, "https://codexery.com/circus-performance-art/e/circus-and-performance-art/philippe-petit/": {"t": "Philippe Petit", "s": "French highwire artist who walked between the Twin Towers.", "i": "https://codexery.com/circus-performance-art/img/circus-and-performance-art/philippe-petit.webp", "c": "via Wikipedia: Philippe Petit · see source"}, "https://codexery.com/geomorphology/e/geomorphology/land-reclamation/": {"t": "Land reclamation", "s": "Creating new land from water bodies for human use.", "i": "https://codexery.com/geomorphology/img/geomorphology/land-reclamation.webp", "c": "Fabian Horst · CC BY-SA 4.0"}, "https://codexery.com/military-and-two-way-radios/e/military-and-two-way-radios/an-arc-5/": {"t": "AN/ARC-5", "s": "U.S. Navy airborne command radio set from World War II."}, "https://codexery.com/u-s-states/e/u-s-states/new-jersey/": {"t": "New Jersey", "s": "Most densely populated U.S. state, hub of biopharmaceutical innovation."}, "https://codexery.com/economics-and-business/e/economics-and-business/property-tax/": {"t": "Property tax", "s": "An ad valorem tax on property value levied by local jurisdictions.", "i": "https://codexery.com/economics-and-business/img/economics-and-business/property-tax.webp", "c": "Albemarle County Property Taxes of 1797 · Public domain"}, "https://codexery.com/historical-figures/e/notable/le-corbusier/": {"t": "Le Corbusier", "s": "French-Swiss pioneer of modern architecture and urban planning."}, "https://codexery.com/pakistani-inventions/e/pakistani-inventions/tube-structure/": {"t": "Tube (structure)", "s": "Hollow cantilever tube system for lateral load resistance."}, "https://codexery.com/electrical-systems/e/electrical-systems/electrical-engineering/": {"t": "Electrical engineering", "s": "Discipline studying and applying electricity, electronics, and electromagnetism."}, "https://codexery.com/manufacturing-and-materials/e/manufacturing-and-materials/mechanical-engineering/": {"t": "Mechanical engineering", "s": "One of the oldest and broadest engineering branches."}, "https://codexery.com/inventors-of-everyday-objects/e/inventors-of-everyday-objects/fazlur-rahman-khan/": {"t": "Fazlur Rahman Khan", "s": "Pioneer of tubular designs for high-rise buildings."}, "https://codexery.com/world-wonders/e/world-wonders/the-statue-of-liberty/": {"t": "The Statue of Liberty", "s": "A French gift symbolizing freedom and democracy."}, "https://codexery.com/socio-political-concepts/e/socio-political-concepts/civilian/": {"t": "Civilian", "s": "A civilian is any person who is not a member of the armed forces and does not take part in hostilities in time of war."}, "/e/architectural-landmarks/taipei-101/": {"t": "Taipei 101", "s": "Taiwan's iconic green skyscraper and former world's tallest.", "i": "https://codexery.com/architectural-landmarks/img/architectural-landmarks/taipei-101.webp", "c": "Balon Greyjoy · CC0"}, "https://codexery.com/corporations-conglomerates/e/corporations-and-conglomerates/sears/": {"t": "Sears", "s": "Pioneering mail-order retailer and former largest U.S. department store chain.", "i": "https://codexery.com/corporations-conglomerates/img/corporations-and-conglomerates/sears.webp", "c": "Unknown author Unknown author Self-scanned · Public domain"}, "https://codexery.com/magazines/e/magazines/variety-magazine/": {"t": "Variety (magazine)", "s": "American trade magazine covering entertainment since 1905."}, "https://codexery.com/news-media/e/news-media/chicago-tribune/": {"t": "Chicago Tribune", "s": "Founded 1847; long styled 'World's Greatest Newspaper'."}, "https://codexery.com/banking-and-finance/e/banking-and-finance/goldman-sachs/": {"t": "Goldman Sachs", "s": "American multinational investment bank founded in 1869."}, "https://codexery.com/corporations-conglomerates/e/corporations-and-conglomerates/walmart/": {"t": "Walmart", "s": "Save money. Live better.", "i": "https://codexery.com/corporations-conglomerates/img/corporations-and-conglomerates/walmart.webp", "c": "Dinkun Chen · CC BY-SA 4.0"}, "https://codexery.com/corporations-conglomerates/e/corporations-and-conglomerates/ubs/": {"t": "UBS", "s": "Swiss multinational investment bank and world's largest private wealth manager.", "i": "https://codexery.com/corporations-conglomerates/img/corporations-and-conglomerates/ubs.webp", "c": "JaierRT · via Wikipedia: UBS · CC0"}, "https://codexery.com/companies-and-conglomerates/e/companies-and-conglomerates/deutsche-bank/": {"t": "Deutsche Bank", "s": "German multinational investment bank founded in 1870.", "i": "https://codexery.com/companies-and-conglomerates/img/companies-and-conglomerates/deutsche-bank.webp", "c": "via Wikipedia: Deutsche Bank · see source"}, "https://codexery.com/media-and-publishing/e/media-and-publishing/the-new-york-times/": {"t": "The New York Times", "s": "The Gray Lady, a U.S."}, "https://codexery.com/companies-and-conglomerates/e/companies-and-conglomerates/ernst-young/": {"t": "Ernst & Young", "s": "One of the Big Four professional services networks."}, "https://codexery.com/lakes-of-the-world/e/lakes-of-the-world/lake-michigan/": {"t": "Lake Michigan", "s": "The only Great Lake entirely within the United States, and the world's largest lake by area in a single country.", "i": "https://codexery.com/lakes-of-the-world/img/lakes-of-the-world/lake-michigan.webp", "c": "Michael Barera · CC BY-SA 4.0"}, "https://codexery.com/lines-hemispheres/e/lines-and-hemispheres/western-hemisphere/": {"t": "Western Hemisphere", "s": "U.S. Department of Defense school for Latin American security personnel, formerly the School of the Americas."}}